179:, supporting the further growth and expansion of the frond. By photosynthesizing, the frond increases the amount of solute inside the frond, which lowers the internal water gradient and facilitates an increase in volume that forces uncoiling. In the case of many fronds, long hairs or scales provide additional protection to the growing tips before they are fully uncoiled. Circinate vernation may also be observed in the extension of
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fronds emerge. As the fern frond is formed, it is tightly curled so that the tender growing tip of the frond (and each subdivision of the frond) is protected within a coil. At this stage it is called a
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both margins on opposing sides of the leaf are rolled up towards the upper (axial) surface of the leaf, forming two tubes that may meet at the
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towards the abaxial surface of the leaf (reverse circinate vernation): this appears to be unique to these three plants among the angiosperms.
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Cameron, K. M.; Wurdack, K. J.; Jobson, R. W. (2002), "Molecular evidence for the common origin of snap-traps among carnivorous plants",
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involves the wrapping of one margin of the leaf's blade over the other. This folding mechanism makes the emerging leaf look like a tube.
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is the opposite of involute vernation: the margins of the leaf are rolled up towards the under (abaxial) surface of the leaf.
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64:. Each leaf bundle consists of 2 to 5 needles. All the leaves on one section of branch grow in length together. In
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at the top of a violin). As the lower parts of the frond expand and toughen up, they begin to
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species, new leaves are folded over, each covered by the previous leaf.
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191:. Circinate vernation is also typical of the carnivorous plant family
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This fern is producing a new frond by circinate vernation.
49:. In plant anatomy, it is the arrangement of leaves in a
223:; however in these three genera, the leaves are coiled
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Carnivorous plants: physiology, ecology, and evolution
328:— the way an individual leaf is folded within a bud.
419:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 30.
60:species, new leaves are short and encased in
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415:Ellison, Aaron M.; Adamec, Lubomír (2018).
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97:, the act of being verdant or flourishing (
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217:, and in the much more distantly related
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322:of a flower are arranged in a bud.
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154:is the manner in which most
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446:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
383:American Journal of Botany
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41:is the formation of new
27:Not to be confused with
314:— the way in which the
275:leaves are produced by
442:The Kew Plant Glossary
440:Beentje, Henk (2010),
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395:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1503
368:"Circinate vernation"
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444:, Richmond, Surrey:
245:leaf is produced by
255:convolute vernation
247:convolute vernation
231:Convolute vernation
152:Circinate vernation
137:Circinate vernation
18:Circinate vernation
300:Revolute vernation
295:Revolute vernation
285:involute vernation
281:
277:involute vernation
261:Involute vernation
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202:Drosera filiformis
195:, for example see
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455:978-1-84246-422-9
16:(Redirected from
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389:(9): 1503–1509,
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253:The process of
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185:compound leaves
177:photosynthesize
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167:'s crook) or
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291:of the leaf.
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208:Drosophyllum
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133:("vernal").
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312:Aestivation
193:Droseraceae
171:(after the
163:(after the
333:References
197:this photo
173:scrollwork
169:fiddlehead
199:of
183:, in the
105:). It is
88:New Latin
80:vernation
78:The term
35:Vernation
469:Category
403:21665752
306:See also
225:outwards
181:leaflets
165:shepherd
129:vernalis
93:vernatio
84:borrowed
29:Venation
161:crozier
125:") and
107:cognate
101:vernare
66:cabbage
62:sheaths
39:leafing
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355:, 2023
347:"leaf"
326:Ptyxis
320:sepals
316:petals
289:midrib
271:These
220:Byblis
189:cycads
123:spring
47:fronds
43:leaves
273:cycad
243:hosta
241:This
121:for "
119:Latin
109:with
86:from
450:ISBN
421:ISBN
399:PMID
318:and
211:and
156:fern
74:Name
58:pine
391:doi
283:In
187:of
113:ver
82:is
56:In
51:bud
45:or
37:or
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397:,
387:89
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117:(
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