262:
by her impoverished family, after her father's death. There she is befriended by Ma Chun-shing, a wealthy and childless tax collector, who takes her into his house as his second wife. She bears him a son, Shoulang, but earns the jealousy of his first wife, Ah-Siu. Ah-Siu accuses Hai-tang of
386:, which reworks the story by omitting any Imperial intervention and making the first wife the biological mother, but having her abandon the child. The heroine is a serving girl who rescues and raises him, becoming the "real" mother. In 1944, he further reworked the story as the play,
319:
in 1924, which was very popular. In
Klabund's version, the Emperor marries the heroine at the end of the play, while in the original she returns to live with her brother, who is now a court official. Based on Klabund's play, the Austrian composer
279:: Shoulang is placed in a circle of chalk between the two women, and each is ordered to pull the child toward her; as Hai-tang cannot bear to hurt her child, she gives up the attempt —and so is judged his true mother.
691:
1318:
446:
In 2018, Claire
Conceison wrote and directed a play called The Chalk Cycle based on the original Yuan drama The Chalk Circle, the Brecht adaptation The Caucasian Chalk Circle, and the
267:, poisons Ma, blaming Hai-tang for the crime, and claims to a court that Shoulang is her own child, so that she can inherit Ma's fortune. Hai-tang is arrested, and beaten until she
250:
original is known for the beauty of its lyrical verse, and considered a Yuan masterpiece; a series of translations and revisions inspired several popular modern plays.
785:
993:
1037:
1328:
1323:
988:
877:
973:
961:
966:
843:
1333:
778:
624:
534:
1183:
1046:
908:
1148:
933:
889:
838:
447:
128:
913:
1229:
1216:
1087:
811:
142:
31:
1092:
862:
771:
258:
A beautiful sixteen-year-old girl, Hai-tang (also transliterated Hai-t'ang, Hi-tang, or Chang-hi-tang), is sold into a
1313:
1308:
1112:
872:
803:
436:
998:
828:
707:
388:
374:
1008:
867:
550:
690:
role; Hodges (above), claims it was, but his work wasn't really focused on
Olivier, rather on Wong. Our article
1027:
1003:
833:
1234:
1102:
923:
918:
884:
326:
321:
1202:
1107:
894:
1013:
938:
928:
674:
555:
259:
235:
821:
1070:
1057:
616:
526:
518:
Das Fremde und das
Vertraute: Studien zur musiktheoretischen und musikdramatischen Ostasienrezeption
1265:
848:
494:
432:
276:
1209:
978:
435:. He used some indirect elements from the tale very loosely. The plot of the 1977 Turkish film "
232:
658:
620:
530:
516:
428:
421:
393:
342:
268:
96:
86:
610:
1176:
816:
720:
687:
362:
296:
247:
176:
1271:
1169:
1134:
1097:
945:
899:
853:
308:
292:
160:
568:
1155:
1141:
983:
754:
440:
413:
397:
369:
469:
1302:
1287:
1255:
354:
350:
288:
1162:
794:
670:
628:
538:
522:
417:
220:
183:
748:
431:
was also indirectly inspired from the Chalk Circle, while writing his 1960 book,
1128:
379:
334:
238:
drama, in four acts with a prologue. It was preserved in a collection entitled
17:
595:
580:
501:
477:
365:. As of 2008, this version is still being produced by various theatre groups.
358:
346:
1277:
1063:
1018:
272:
216:
73:
48:
439:" was based on The Red Scarf. The movie is one of the best known films in
1260:
1052:
551:"Historicity and Contemporaneity: Adaptations of Yuan Plays in the 1990s"
264:
703:
1282:
1250:
644:
598:, website for UK staging of Klabund adaptation. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
312:
763:
300:
30:
This article is about the original
Chinese play. For other uses, see
224:
1224:
1189:
345:
in 1929. It was put on stage in March of that year, produced by
228:
107:
767:
612:
Anna May Wong: From
Laundryman's Daughter to Hollywood Legend
692:
Laurence
Olivier chronology of stage and film performances
657:, Vol. 21, (1962), pp. 236-240, Asian Folklore Studies,
271:. As Hai-tang is about to be hanged, she is rescued by
645:""Solomon's Judgment, Mahosadha, and the Hoei-Kan-Li""
188:
1243:
1121:
1080:
1036:
954:
802:
400:, and greatly elaborating the narrative. In 2000,
182:
175:
170:
155:
141:
127:
118:
102:
92:
82:
54:
44:
39:
333:Klabund's version was translated into English by
1319:Fictional depictions of Bao Zheng in literature
677:, Sixth Edition, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
559:, Volume 18, Number 2, Fall 2001, pp. 222-237.
779:
490:
488:
486:
147:
133:
8:
994:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
615:, by Graham Russell Hodges, Published 2004,
686:This was possibly Laurence Olivier's first
591:
589:
786:
772:
764:
639:
637:
167:
36:
661:. Online version accessed June 23, 2015.
606:
604:
512:
510:
500:, Definitive Revised Edition, online at
465:
463:
307:. This was liberally re-translated into
459:
341:, in five acts, published in London by
989:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
427:The famous Kyrgyz author and novelist
115:
7:
537:, pages 212, 213. Online excerpt at
287:The play became first known in the
25:
577:Cyclopedia of Literary Characters
1184:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
1047:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
470:"Chalk Circle, The (Hui-Lan Ji)"
392:, moving the events to medieval
909:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
706:, Gideon Lester, January 2000,
330:, performed in Zurich in 1933.
934:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
448:Custody battle for Anna Mae He
189:
148:
134:
1:
1329:Plays set in the 11th century
1324:Plays set in the Song dynasty
1217:The Story of the Western Wing
1088:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
812:Division of the Mongol Empire
627:, page 96. Online excerpt at
32:Chalk Circle (disambiguation)
1093:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
844:conquest of the Song dynasty
1113:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
396:, adding a prologue set in
324:adapted a libretto for his
1350:
999:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
878:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
708:American Repertory Theatre
474:Oxford Dictionary of Plays
402:The Caucasian Chalk Circle
389:The Caucasian Chalk Circle
375:Der Augsburger Kreidekreis
275:in a scene similar to the
29:
914:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
583:. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
504:. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
480:. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
404:in turn was rewritten as
200:
166:
159:story of the boundary of
123:
1334:Works adapted into plays
1028:Goryeo under Mongol rule
834:Mongol conquest of China
721:"The Chalk Cycle at MIT"
437:Selvi Boylum Al Yazmalım
129:Traditional Chinese
1103:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
924:1344 Yellow River flood
919:War of the Two Capitals
829:Kublai Khan's campaigns
631:retrieved May 28, 2008.
541:retrieved May 27, 2008.
322:Alexander von Zemlinsky
143:Simplified Chinese
1203:The Injustice to Dou E
1108:Temple of Azure Clouds
1038:Science and technology
895:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
839:anti-Mongol fortresses
211:(sometimes translated
939:Battle of Lake Poyang
929:Red Turban Rebellions
675:Columbia Encyclopedia
596:"The Circle of Chalk"
556:Asian Theatre Journal
495:"The Circle of Chalk"
357:, Australian actress
260:house of prostitution
725:MCLC Resource Center
653:, Paul G. Brewster,
527:Franz Steiner Verlag
361:, and British actor
1122:Society and culture
849:Battle of Xiangyang
573:Character Analysis"
571:The Circle of Chalk
339:The Circle of Chalk
277:Judgment of Solomon
213:The Circle of Chalk
1314:Yuan dynasty plays
1210:The Orphan of Zhao
979:Imperial Preceptor
305:Le Cercle de Craie
244:The Hundred Pieces
1296:
1295:
659:Nanzan University
525:, Published 1997
429:Chinghiz Aitmatov
422:fall of Communism
410:The Berlin Circle
343:William Heinemann
240:Yuan-chu-po-cheng
204:
203:
196:
195:
177:Standard Mandarin
114:
113:
97:Judge Bao fiction
87:Classical Chinese
83:Original language
16:(Redirected from
1341:
1266:ʼPhags-pa script
1196:The Chalk Circle
1177:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1064:Shiyi Dexiaofang
822:Kaidu–Kublai war
817:Toluid Civil War
788:
781:
774:
765:
736:
735:
733:
732:
717:
711:
701:
695:
688:West End theatre
684:
678:
668:
662:
655:Folklore Studies
652:
648:
641:
632:
608:
599:
593:
584:
566:
560:
548:
542:
514:
505:
492:
481:
467:
363:Laurence Olivier
297:Stanislas Julien
248:Chinese language
208:The Chalk Circle
192:
191:
168:
151:
150:
137:
136:
119:The Chalk Circle
116:
40:The Chalk Circle
37:
21:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1309:Gong'an fiction
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1272:History of Yuan
1239:
1170:Wenxian Tongkao
1135:History of Liao
1117:
1098:Miaoying Temple
1076:
1032:
950:
946:Ispah rebellion
798:
792:
761:
745:
740:
739:
730:
728:
719:
718:
714:
704:"All About Mee"
702:
698:
685:
681:
669:
665:
650:
643:
642:
635:
609:
602:
594:
587:
567:
563:
549:
545:
515:
508:
493:
484:
468:
461:
456:
384:Der Kreidekreis
349:, starring the
327:Der Kreidekreis
317:Der Kreidekreis
299:, published in
295:translation by
293:French language
285:
256:
231:verse play and
156:Literal meaning
78:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Circle of Chalk
15:
12:
11:
5:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1156:Shilin Guangji
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1006:
996:
991:
986:
984:Zhongshu Sheng
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:
958:
956:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
942:
941:
936:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
903:
902:
897:
887:
882:
881:
880:
870:
865:
860:
859:
858:
857:
856:
851:
841:
826:
825:
824:
819:
808:
806:
800:
799:
793:
791:
790:
783:
776:
768:
759:
758:
755:Charles L. Mee
744:
743:External links
741:
738:
737:
712:
696:
679:
663:
633:
600:
585:
561:
543:
506:
482:
458:
457:
455:
452:
441:Turkish cinema
416:, set in 1989
414:Charles L. Mee
398:Soviet Georgia
370:Bertolt Brecht
284:
281:
255:
252:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
186:
180:
179:
173:
172:
171:Transcriptions
164:
163:
157:
153:
152:
145:
139:
138:
131:
125:
124:
121:
120:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
77:
76:
71:
68:
65:
62:
58:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1346:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1288:Northern Yuan
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Mongol Empire
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
953:
947:
944:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
886:
885:Java invasion
883:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
831:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
801:
796:
789:
784:
782:
777:
775:
770:
769:
766:
762:
756:
752:
751:
747:
746:
742:
726:
722:
716:
713:
709:
705:
700:
697:
693:
689:
683:
680:
676:
672:
667:
664:
660:
656:
651:(260 KB)
646:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:0-312-29319-4
622:
618:
614:
613:
607:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
572:
565:
562:
558:
557:
553:, Wenwei Du,
552:
547:
544:
540:
536:
535:3-515-07133-4
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
453:
451:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:The Red Scarf
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
355:Anna May Wong
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
328:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Western world
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
199:
187:
185:
181:
178:
174:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
146:
144:
140:
132:
130:
126:
122:
117:
110:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
61:Zhang Haitang
60:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1270:
1244:Other topics
1215:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1163:Menggu Ziyun
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1081:Architecture
1069:
1062:
1045:
795:Yuan dynasty
760:
757:at his site.
753:, script by
749:
729:. Retrieved
727:. 2018-10-27
724:
715:
699:
682:
666:
654:
629:Google Books
611:
579:, online at
576:
570:
564:
554:
546:
539:Google Books
523:Peter Revers
517:
497:
476:, online at
473:
445:
426:
418:East Germany
409:
405:
401:
387:
383:
373:
367:
338:
332:
325:
316:
304:
286:
257:
243:
239:
223:(1259–1368)
221:Yuan dynasty
212:
207:
206:
205:
184:Hanyu Pinyin
106:
27:Chinese play
1129:Yuan poetry
967:family tree
750:Full Circle
498:Masterplots
406:Full Circle
380:short story
335:James Laver
303:in 1832 as
283:Adaptations
1303:Categories
955:Government
731:2018-11-30
581:Enotes.com
502:Enotes.com
478:Enotes.com
454:References
420:after the
359:Rose Quong
347:Basil Dean
227:classical
190:huī lán jì
64:Ma Junqing
55:Characters
45:Written by
1278:Khanbaliq
1019:Dpon-chen
1009:Manchuria
974:Empresses
671:"Klabund"
617:Macmillan
382:based on
368:In 1940,
273:Bao Zheng
269:confesses
217:Li Qianfu
74:Bao Zheng
70:Zhang Lin
49:Li Qianfu
1261:Borjigin
1071:Nong Shu
1053:Jiaochao
1004:Mongolia
962:Emperors
863:Sakhalin
694:differs.
353:actress
351:American
265:adultery
67:Lady Liu
1283:Shangdu
1251:Mongols
1235:Fashion
1058:Coinage
873:Vietnam
804:History
394:Georgia
313:Klabund
233:gong'an
225:Chinese
219:, is a
93:Subject
797:topics
673:, The
649:
623:
533:
372:wrote
309:German
301:London
246:. The
215:), by
1230:Islam
1014:Tibet
900:Pagan
890:Burma
868:Japan
854:Yamen
521:, by
412:, by
408:, or
291:in a
242:, or
236:crime
103:Genre
1225:Semu
1190:Zaju
1149:Song
621:ISBN
531:ISBN
378:, a
254:Plot
229:zaju
161:lime
108:zaju
1142:Jin
337:as
315:as
311:by
149:灰阑记
135:灰闌記
1305::
723:.
636:^
619:,
603:^
588:^
575:,
529:,
509:^
485:^
472:,
462:^
450:.
443:.
424:.
787:e
780:t
773:v
734:.
710:.
647:.
569:"
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.