262:
102:, first in a long line of Moths, in 1925. The engine proved to be ideal for private light aircraft and it created a new era of private flying in the UK, in both the Cirrus Moth and other similar aircraft. It was simple enough to be understood and looked after by the private owner, while its reliability made private flying safe for the first time. Moreover it achieved these at an affordable cost.
193:, Blackburn kept Cirrus Hermes as a separate company (though without the hyphen in its name). Although completely new designs, they were of broadly similar layout to the previous inverted engines, with the Minor in the 70-80 hp class and the Major giving 125 hp in normal use. Coming to the market almost together in 1935, they rationalised and replaced the previous ranges.
246:
254:
235:
134:
American Cirrus
Engines, Inc. was a subsidiary of Allied Motor Industries, Inc. set up at Belleville, N.J. in November 1928, initially to manufacture the Cirrus III under license. Having developed the American Cirrus III engine at New Jersey, the company moved to Marysville, Michigan, where it set up
138:
A new range of 95 horsepower (71 kW) inverted engines was branded Hi-Drive and appeared under names such as the Hi-Drive Cirrus III and Hi-Drive Ensign. The Hi-Drive was supplied in direct and geared drive options, and was designed to accept a de Palma supercharger for increased performance.
165:
While the Hermes II and III were uprights like their predecessors, the Hermes II B introduced a major change with the cylinders being inverted for the first time. The resulting high propeller line allowed the top of the engine to be lowered, which significantly improved the pilot's view in a
105:
The uprated Cirrus II, with slightly greater displacement, delivered 75 horsepower (56 kW) from 1926. Halford ended his association with ADC at the end of the year, but development continued. The Cirrus III was introduced in 1928 with even greater displacement and power of 85 horsepower
125:
series), the Cirrus company continued to develop new models, with the uprated Hermes appearing in 1929. It had been developed by ADC to provide more power than even the Cirrus III. Overall slightly shorter but with much the same overall weight, it delivered 105 horsepower (78 kW).
87:
V8 aero engines. The
Renault was renowned for its reliability. De Havilland realised that half of this engine would make an air-cooled four-cylinder inline engine of just the right size and at low cost. He persuaded Halford to undertake its design and development.
95:, and a new five-bearing crankshaft and cast crankcase were designed. Developing 60 horsepower (45 kW) in normal flight it became the first Cirrus engine, and the first air-cooled four-cylinder inline aero engine, to go into quantity production.
42:
are a series of
British aero engines manufactured, under various changes of ownership, from the 1920s until the 1950s. The engines were all air-cooled, four-cylinder inline types, with earlier ones upright and later designs inverted.
162:
The independent Cirrus-Hermes
Engineering Company was formed in 1931. The Hermes models I, II, III and IV were produced ranging in power from 105 hp to 140 hp depending on type.
50:
light aeroplane and, when it appeared in 1925, created the market for private flying. It and its successors were widely used for private and light aircraft from that moment on.
173:, had joined as technical director and engine designer. He began work on two new engines but before they could be finished the company came under new management.
1456:
201:
Once the new Cirrus engines were established, in 1937 the company became the Cirrus Engine
Division of Blackburn, which itself had been incorporated into
226:(GAL) in 1949, becoming Blackburn & General Aircraft Limited, it continued to market the Minor, Major and Bombardier range until the late 1950s.
135:
production. The engine was rated at 95 horsepower (71 kW) at 2100 revolutions per minute. The company became known as the A.C.E. Corporation.
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
182:
1403:
1653:
185:
and moved to Brough in
Yorkshire. Napier remained technical director and, while he completed the development and initial sales of the
1419:
1381:
1363:
1335:
71:. No suitable engine, combining a suitable power output with light weight, low cost and high reliability existed at the time. The
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1053:
1021:
1648:
775:
736:
580:
535:
496:
481:
457:
1320:
121:
Although
Halford was no longer associated with it (having gone off to develop the next-generation but otherwise similar
1607:
1442:
642:
405:
216:
215:
During and after WWII Blackburn produced uprated versions of the Cirrus Minor and Major. In 1948 it introduced the
202:
261:
648:
610:
72:
926:
223:
99:
848:
1602:
1121:
896:
681:
530:
476:
447:
422:
except where noted. The list includes trial installations where a different engine was principally adopted.
397:
239:
209:
653:
91:
The cylinders, pistons, con-rods and gearing were taken from the
Renault, with the valve gear based on the
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1573:
388:
379:
370:
362:
353:
344:
336:
190:
186:
1239:
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64:
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367:(1935). Later as Cirrus Major I. Inverted. Introduced by Cirrus Hermes, also manufactured by Blackburn.
341:(1935). Later as Cirrus Minor I. Inverted. Introduced by Cirrus Hermes, also manufactured by Blackburn.
501:
858:
814:
770:
114:
As ADC began to run out of the
Renault engines in 1928, Cirrus Aero Engines Limited was formed at
1564:
931:
907:
755:
676:
520:
309:(1929). Later as Hermes I. Introduced by Cirrus Aero Engines, also manufactured by Cirrus-Hermes.
122:
799:
555:
550:
67:'s 1924 quest for a powerplant suited to a light two-seat sports biplane which would become the
1415:
1399:
1377:
1359:
1331:
882:
540:
151:
115:
68:
47:
809:
804:
726:
721:
615:
565:
333:(1930). Inverted. The Hermes IV A with opposite-handed rotation was introduced around 1934.
872:
853:
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696:
691:
545:
170:
838:
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147:
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17:
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76:
937:
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525:
486:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1020:, Volume 12, Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America, Inc., 1930, pp.80-1.
750:
671:
515:
471:
437:
286:
278:
270:
1319:
The
Aviation Ancestry Database of British Aviation Advertisements 1909-1990.
219:
with fuel injection and a higher compression ratio, giving increased output.
1052:, Volume 12, Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America, Inc., 1930, p.100.
833:
706:
442:
245:
1087:, Civil Aeronautics Administration, US Department of Commerce, 1 July 1949.
253:
212:
was a smaller version developed in 1938 but it failed to enter production.
794:
92:
143:
84:
1434:
234:
1068:
National Air & Space Museum Technical Reference Files: Propulsion
973:
The Cirrus "created the demand and then maintained and satisfied it."
291:(1929) Introduced by ADC, also manufactured by Cirrus Aero Engines.
260:
252:
244:
233:
1438:
297:(1929) Improved variant of the Cirrus III, built under license.
166:
single-engined type. All subsequent models would be inverted.
75:(also known as Airdisco and ADC) were producing the low-cost
1396:
Boxkite to Jet: The Remarkable Career of Frank B. Halford
1387:
R. Cheyne Stout; "The Development of the Cirrus Engine",
1080:
1078:
150:, sold from 1936, and a six-cylinder derivative as the
1330:. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989.
923:: Previous, 8-cylinder adaptation by Halford for ADC.
1376:. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003.
46:
The first Cirrus design was created for the planned
1559:
1525:
1505:
1472:
1391:, Volume 14, Number 4, April 1929. pp. 53–4.
1096:"American Cirrus Announces New Inverted Motor",
895:A preserved ADC Cirrus II is on display at the
303:Inverted, with direct and geared drive options.
118:to manufacture the Cirrus models from scratch.
98:The Cirrus was launched onto the market in the
1450:
8:
1070:, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
146:, who developed the inverted engine as the
1457:
1443:
1435:
1358:. Vol. 2. London: Putnam Publishing.
181:In 1934 the company was taken over by the
1374:British Piston Engines and their Aircraft
991:
989:
1410:Wesselink, Theo; Postma, Thijs (1982).
1062:
1060:
955:
183:Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Company
83:from their large stocks of war surplus
249:Hermes I (left) and Cirrus III (right)
902:A Cirrus Hermes is on display at the
7:
1398:. Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust. 1999.
402:(1938). Prototype. Not manufactured.
222:When Blackburn Aircraft merged with
1328:World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines
1112:, Vol. 15, No. 4, April 1930. p.48.
1100:, Vol. 15, No. 4, April 1930. p.30.
934:: Halford's subsequent new design.
169:By this time C. S. Napier, son of
25:
142:In 1935 A.C.E. was taken over by
63:The Cirrus engine originated in
1341:Frachet, André (12 June 1930).
633:Fairchild 22 C7A, C7AM and C7AS
79:V8 which had been developed by
1356:British Civil Aircraft 1919-72
1343:"Le monoplan Koolhoven F.K.42"
1050:The Aircraft Yearbook for 1930
1018:The Aircraft Yearbook for 1929
27:Series of British aero engines
1:
1644:1950s aircraft piston engines
1639:1940s aircraft piston engines
1634:1930s aircraft piston engines
1629:1920s aircraft piston engines
1182:, 28 February 1935, pp.218-9.
1004:"Westland Aircraft Society",
536:de Havilland DH.71 Tiger Moth
482:de Havilland DH.71 Tiger Moth
321:(1932). First inverted engine
130:American Cirrus Engines (ACE)
1527:Cirrus-Hermes/Cirrus Hermes
1195:, 13 June 1935. Supplement.
1169:, 13 June 1935, supplement.
643:Granville Gee Bee Sportster
406:Blackburn Cirrus Bombardier
217:Blackburn Cirrus Bombardier
1670:
1654:Blackburn aircraft engines
1412:De Nederlandse vliegtuigen
1323:(retrieved 23 April 2020).
1260:Lumsden 2003, pp. 130-132.
1008:, 28 February 1929, p.176.
265:Hermes I in Roe IV replica
203:Blackburn Aircraft Limited
73:Aircraft Disposal Company
1518:American Cirrus Hi-Drive
1156:Aviation Ancestry (1934)
1040:Aviation Ancestry (1929)
927:List of aircraft engines
649:Great Lakes 2T-1 and -1E
300:American Cirrus Hi-drive
224:General Aircraft Limited
100:de Havilland Cirrus Moth
1287:Les Ailes 469, p.3 1930
897:Science Museum (London)
849:Roe IV Triplane replica
682:de Havilland DH.60 Moth
600:American Cirrus Engines
531:de Havilland DH.60 Moth
477:de Havilland DH.60 Moth
448:de Havilland DH.60 Moth
410:(1948). Fuel injection.
398:Blackburn Cirrus Midget
240:de Havilland DH.60 Moth
238:Cirrus III fitted to a
210:Blackburn Cirrus Midget
1354:Jackson, A.J. (1973).
1191:"The 'Cirrus Major'",
1178:"A New Small Engine",
1165:"The 'Cirrus Major'",
940:: German contemporary.
266:
258:
250:
242:
54:Design and development
1321:Cirrus advertisements
1251:Lumsden 2003, p. 130.
962:Taylor 1999, pp.74-5.
904:EAA AirVenture Museum
654:Skylark Aircraft 3-95
264:
256:
248:
237:
65:Geoffrey de Havilland
18:Cirrus Engine Company
1649:ADC aircraft engines
1135:Lumsden 2003, p.132.
859:Spartan Three-Seater
815:Spartan Three-Seater
771:Spartan Three-Seater
1515:American Cirrus III
1478:Cirrus Aero Engines
1466:Cirrus aero engines
1394:Taylor, Douglas R.
1305:Wesselink 1982 p.81
1296:Wesselink 1982 p.80
1147:12 July 1934, p.709
1125:, August 1935, p.83
294:American Cirrus III
110:Cirrus Aero Engines
1565:Blackburn Aircraft
1414:. Haarlem: Romem.
1278:Jackson p.495 1973
1269:Jackson p.190 1973
932:de Havilland Gipsy
908:Oshkosh, Wisconsin
890:Engines on display
756:Blackburn Bluebird
677:Blackburn Bluebird
521:Blackburn Bluebird
330:Hermes IV and IV A
267:
259:
251:
243:
123:de Havilland Gipsy
1616:
1615:
1608:Cirrus Bombardier
1389:U.S. Air Services
1110:U.S. Air Services
1098:U.S. Air Services
983:Taylor 1999, p.76
883:Blackburn Segrave
611:Great Lakes 2T-1A
541:Dudley Watt D.W.2
420:List from Lumsden
385:(1945). Inverted.
359:(1945). Inverted.
350:(1944). Inverted.
69:de Havilland Moth
48:de Havilland Moth
16:(Redirected from
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727:Southern Martlet
722:Simmonds Spartan
616:Emsco B-4 Cirrus
581:Westland Widgeon
566:Simmonds Spartan
502:Bloudek XV Lojze
497:Westland Widgeon
458:Westland Widgeon
394:(1945) Inverted.
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327:(1932). Upright
257:A Cirrus Hermes
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723:
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702:Hawker Tomtit
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582:
579:
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571:Spartan Arrow
569:
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229:
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206:
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196:
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188:
184:
177:Cirrus Hermes
176:
174:
172:
167:
163:
158:Cirrus-Hermes
157:
155:
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149:
145:
140:
136:
129:
127:
124:
119:
117:
109:
107:
103:
101:
96:
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89:
86:
82:
81:Frank Halford
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
53:
51:
49:
44:
41:
40:Cirrus-Hermes
37:
33:
19:
1587:Cirrus Major
1574:Cirrus Minor
1560:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1526:
1506:
1477:
1465:
1411:
1395:
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1355:
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1327:
1313:Bibliography
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1216:
1212:
1204:
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1192:
1187:
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1122:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1067:
1066:NASM Staff;
1049:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1000:
995:Gunston 1989
979:
972:
971:Stout 1929.
967:
958:
921:ADC Airdisco
790:Arrow Active
621:Fairchild 24
561:Short Mussel
492:Short Mussel
453:Short Mussel
419:
418:
415:Applications
389:Cirrus Major
380:Cirrus Major
371:Cirrus Major
363:Cirrus Major
354:Cirrus Minor
345:Cirrus Minor
337:Cirrus Minor
221:
214:
207:
200:
191:Cirrus Major
187:Cirrus Minor
180:
168:
164:
161:
141:
137:
133:
120:
113:
104:
97:
90:
62:
45:
39:
35:
31:
29:
1567:(1936-1960)
1529:(1931-1934)
1509:(1931-1934)
1480:(1925-1929)
1123:Aero Digest
938:Hirth HM 60
761:Desoutter I
712:Parnall Elf
687:Desoutter I
588:Cirrus IIIA
526:Cierva C.17
487:Piaggio P.9
373:150 hp
347:100 hp
1623:Categories
1546:Hermes III
1497:Cirrus III
1031:Stout 1929
945:References
866:Hermes IVA
800:Klemm L.27
783:Hermes IIB
751:Avro Avian
672:Avro Avian
605:Cirrus III
556:Klemm L.27
551:Klemm L.26
516:Avro Avian
509:Cirrus III
472:Avro Avian
438:Avro Avian
324:Hermes III
318:Hermes IIB
287:Cirrus III
1551:Hermes IV
1541:Hermes II
1492:Cirrus II
1349:(469): 3.
1347:Les Ailes
1217:The Times
1205:The Times
834:Hendy 302
822:Hermes IV
744:Hermes II
707:Hendy 302
465:Cirrus II
443:Avro Baby
376:Inverted.
312:Hermes II
279:Cirrus II
197:Blackburn
152:Buccaneer
1536:Hermes I
1487:Cirrus I
915:See also
795:BFW M.23
665:Hermes I
431:Cirrus I
271:Cirrus I
230:Variants
93:Airdisco
77:Airdisco
315:(1930).
144:Menasco
116:Croydon
85:Renault
1418:
1402:
1380:
1362:
1334:
1229:Flight
1193:Flight
1180:Flight
1167:Flight
1145:Flight
1006:Flight
660:Hermes
426:Cirrus
306:Hermes
283:(1926)
275:(1925)
148:Pirate
36:Hermes
32:Cirrus
950:Notes
1416:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1332:ISBN
208:The
189:and
34:and
30:The
1597:III
1474:ADC
906:in
391:III
59:ADC
38:or
1625::
1594:II
1581:II
1345:.
1238:,
1234:,
1077:^
1059:^
988:^
382:II
356:II
205:.
154:.
1591:I
1578:I
1563:/
1476:/
1458:e
1451:t
1444:v
1424:.
1406:.
1384:.
1368:.
1242:.
910:.
899:.
20:)
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