639:
journals, while Scopus has fewer than 50% of these, and WoS has fewer than 25%. While Scopus is larger and geographically broader than WoS, it still only covers a fraction of journal publishing outside North
America and Europe. For example, it reports a coverage of over 2,000 journals in Asia ("230% more than the nearest competitor"), which may seem impressive until you consider that in Indonesia alone there are more than 7,000 journals listed on the government's Garuda portal (of which more than 1,300 are currently listed on DOAJ); whilst at least 2,500 Japanese journals listed on the J-Stage platform. Similarly, Scopus claims to have about 700 journals listed from Latin America, in comparison with SciELO's 1,285 active journal count; but that is just the tip of the iceberg judging by the 1,300+ DOAJ-listed journals in Brazil alone. Furthermore, the editorial boards of the journals contained in Wos and Scopus databases are integrated by researchers from western Europe and North America. For example, in the journal
659:
historical and structural power that had positioned former colonial masters as the centers of knowledge production, while relegating former colonies to peripheral roles" (Chan 2018). Many North
American and European journals demonstrate conscious and unconscious bias against researchers from other parts of the world. Many of these journals call themselves "international" but represent interests, authors, and even references only in their own languages. Therefore, researchers in non-European or North American countries commonly get rejected because their research is said to be "not internationally significant" or only of "local interest" (the wrong "local"). This reflects the current concept of "international" as limited to a Euro/Anglophone-centric way of knowledge production. In other words, "the ongoing internationalisation has not meant academic interaction and exchange of knowledge, but the dominance of the leading Anglophone journals in which international debates occurs and gains recognition".
66:
647:
scientific production by developing countries, and over-represent that by industrialised countries", and this is likely to apply to other fields of agriculture. This under-representation of applied research in Africa, Asia, and South
America may have an additional negative effect on framing research strategies and policy development in these countries. The overpromotion of these databases diminishes the important role of "local" and "regional" journals for researchers who want to publish and read locally-relevant content. Some researchers deliberately bypass "high impact" journals when they want to publish locally useful or important research in favour of outlets that will reach their key audience quicker, and in other cases to be able to publish in their native language.
675:. Open access advocates recommend to remain critical of those "global" research databases that have been built in Europe or Northern America and be wary of those who celebrate these products act as a representation of the global sum of human scholarly knowledge. Finally, let us also be aware of the geopolitical impact that such systematic discrimination has on knowledge production, and the inclusion and representation of marginalised research demographics within the global research landscape.
635:
data from a World Bank/Elsevier report from 2012 which relies on data from Scopus. Research outputs in this context refers to papers specifically published in peer-reviewed journals that are indexed in Scopus. Similarly, many others have analysed putatively global or international collaborations and mobility using the even more selective WoS database. Research outputs in this context refers to papers specifically published in peer-reviewed journals that are indexed either in Scopus or WoS.
663:
still a lot of work to be done to recognise and amplify the growing body of research literature generated by those outside North
America and Europe. The Royal Society have previously identified that "traditional metrics do not fully capture the dynamics of the emerging global science landscape", and that academia needs to develop more sophisticated data and impact measures to provide a richer understanding of the global scientific knowledge that is available to us.
631:
institutional impact (for example the role of WoS in the UK Research
Excellence Framework 2021), and international league tables (Bibliographic data from Scopus represents more than 36% of assessment criteria in the THE rankings). But while these databases are generally agreed to contain rigorously-assessed, high quality research, they do not represent the sum of current global research knowledge.
427:
916:
971:
643:, 41% of editorial board members are from the United States, and 37.8% from the UK. Similarly,) studied ten leading marketing journals in WoS and Scopus databases, and concluded that 85.3% of their editorial board members are based in the United States. It comes as no surprise that the research that gets published in these journals is the one that fits the editorial boards' world view.
28:
658:
The small proportion of research from South East Asia, Africa, and Latin
America which makes it into WoS and Scopus journals is not attributable to a lack of effort or quality of research; but due to hidden and invisible epistemic and structural barriers (Chan 2019). These are a reflection of "deeper
634:
It is often mentioned in popular science articles that the research output of countries in South
America, Asia, and Africa are disappointingly low. Sub-Saharan Africa is cited as an example for having "13.5% of the global population but less than 1% of global research output". This fact is based on
662:
Clarivate
Analytics have made some positive steps to broaden the scope of WoS, integrating the SciELO citation index – a move not without criticism – and through the creation of the Emerging Sources Index (ESI), which has allowed database access to many more international titles. However, there is
630:
databases are synonymous with data on international research, and considered as the two most trusted or authoritative sources of bibliometric data for peer-reviewed global research knowledge across disciplines. They are both also used widely for the purposes of researcher evaluation and promotion,
646:
Comparison with subject-specific indexes has further revealed the geographical and topic bias – for example Ciarli found that by comparing the coverage of rice research in CAB Abstracts (an agriculture and global health database) with WoS and Scopus, the latter "may strongly under-represent the
638:
Both WoS and Scopus are considered highly selective. Both are commercial enterprises, whose standards and assessment criteria are mostly controlled by panels in North
America and Western Europe. The same is true for more comprehensive databases such as Ulrich's Web which lists as many as 70,000
650:
Furthermore, the odds are stacked against researchers for whom
English is a foreign language. 95% of WoS journals are English consider the use of English language a hegemonic and unreflective linguistic practice. The consequences include that non-native speakers spend part of their budget on
1649:
Vanholsbeeck, Marc; Thacker, Paul; Sattler, Susanne; Ross-Hellauer, Tony; Rivera-López, Bárbara S.; Rice, Curt; Nobes, Andy; Masuzzo, Paola; Martin, Ryan; Kramer, Bianca; Havemann, Johanna; Enkhbayar, Asura; Davila, Jacinto; Crick, Tom; Crane, Harry; Tennant, Jonathan P. (2019-03-11).
358:(1783). Simon Greenleaf (1821) published an alphabetical list of cases with notes on later decisions affecting the precedential authority of the original decision. These early tables of legal citations ("citators") were followed by a more complete, book length index, Labatt's
241:
between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by
576:
Each of these offer an index of citations between publications and a mechanism to establish which documents cite which other documents. They are not open-access and differ widely in cost: Web of Science and Scopus are available by subscription (generally to libraries).
338:
and probably dating to the 12th century. It is organized alphabetically by biblical phrase. Later biblical citation indexes are in the order of the canonical text. These citation indices were used both for general and for legal study. The Talmudic citation index
666:
Academia has not yet built digital infrastructures which are equal, comprehensive, multi-lingual and allows fair participation in knowledge creation. One way to bridge this gap is with discipline- and region-specific preprint repositories such as
1626:
Robinson-Garcia, Nicolas; Chavarro, Diego Andrés; Molas-Gallart, Jordi; Ràfols, Ismael (2016-05-28). "On the Dominance of Quantitative Evaluation in 'Peripheral" Countries: Auditing Research with Technologies of Distance".
858:
651:
translation and correction and invest a significant amount of time and effort on subsequent corrections, making publishing in English a burden. A far-reaching consequence of the use of English as the
407:
to compile a citation index for Genetics. To do so, Garfield's team gathered 1.4 million citations from 613 journals. From this work, Garfield and the ISI produced the first version of the
1071:
Giles, C. Lee, Kurt D. Bollacker, and Steve Lawrence. "CiteSeer: An automatic citation indexing system." In Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries, pp. 89-98. 1998.
1683:
Ribeiro, Leonardo Costa; Rapini, Márcia Siqueira; Silva, Leandro Alves; Albuquerque, Eduardo Motta (2018). "Growth Patterns of the Network of International Collaboration in Science".
1915:
I Rafols; Tommaso Ciarli; Diego Chavarro (2015). "Under-Reporting Research Relevant to Local Needs in the Global South. Database Biases in the Representation of Knowledge on Rice".
65:
819:
655:
of science is in knowledge production, because its use benefits "worldviews, social, cultural, and political interests of the English-speaking center" ( p. 123).
1900:"The Under-Representation of Developing Countries in the Main Bibliometric Databases: A Comparison of Rice Studies in the Web of Science, Scopus and CAB Abstracts".
865:
1032:
1434:
Archambault, Éric; Campbell, David; Gingras, Yves; Larivière, Vincent (2009). "Comparing Bibliometric Statistics Obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus".
2166:
Hwang, Kumju (June 1, 2005). "The Inferior Science and the Dominant Use of English in Knowledge Production: A Case Study of Korean Science and Technology".
2139:
Aalbers, Manuel B. (2004). "Creative Destruction through the Anglo-American Hegemony: A Non-Anglo-American View on Publications, Referees and Language".
1016:
216:
1798:
Wang, Yuandi; Hu, Ruifeng; Liu, Meijun (2017). "The Geotemporal Demographics of Academic Journals from 1950 to 2013 According to Ulrich's Database".
704:
2239:
2078:
2009:
1261:
1080:
SR Lawrence, KD Bollacker, CL Giles "Autonomous citation indexing and literature browsing using citation context; US Patent 6,738,780, 2004.
804:
2200:
Uneven Writing Spaces in Academic Publishing: A Case Study on Internationalisation in the Disciplines of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
840:
392:
255:
385:
index as a model that could be extended to the sciences. Two years later Garfield published "Citation indexes for science" in the journal
1156:
Bella Hass Weinberg, "Predecessors of Scientific Indexing Structures in the Domain of Religion" in W. Boyden Rayward, Mary Ellen Bowden,
1090:
Hutchins, BI; Baker, KL; Davis, MT; Diwersy, MA; Haque, E; Harriman, RM; Hoppe, TA; Leicht, SA; Meyer, P; Santangelo, GM (October 2019).
276:
1189:
377:, suggested in 1920 that citation indexes could serve as a tool for tracking science and engineering literature. After learning that
689:
518:
1946:
Chavarro, D.; Tang, P.; Rafols, I. (2014). "Interdisciplinarity and Research on Local Issues: Evidence from a Developing Country".
532:
1176:
Shapiro, Fred R. (1992). "Origins of bibliometrics, citation indexing, and citation analysis: The neglected legal literature".
448:
409:
2342:
789:
749:
499:
452:
270:
209:
145:
1571:
568:, available online only, which similarly combines subject searching with citation browsing and tracking in the sciences and
471:
1873:
Rosenstreich, Daniela; Wooliscroft, Ben (2006). "How International Are the Top Academic Journals? The Case of Marketing".
404:
309:
162:
2337:
1389:
Mongeon, Philippe; Paul-Hus, Adèle (2016). "The Journal Coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A Comparative Analysis".
343:(1714) even included a symbol to indicate whether a Talmudic decision had been overridden, just as in the 19th-century
478:
2288:
1835:
Gutiérrez, Javier; López-Nieva, Pedro (2001). "Are International Journals of Human Geography Really International?".
1046:
437:
2001:
Justice and the Dynamics of Research and Publication in Africa: Interrogating the Performance of "Publish or Perish"
350:
In English legal literature, volumes of judicial reports included lists of cases cited in that volume starting with
1140:
Bella Hass Weinberg, "The Earliest Hebrew Citation Indexes" in Trudi Bellardo Hahn, Michael Keeble Buckland, eds.,
456:
441:
381:
held a similar opinion, Adair corresponded with Garfield in 1953. The correspondence prompted Garfield to examine
2347:
1537:
739:
538:
285:
281:
202:
49:
485:
366:. The most important and best-known citation index for legal cases was released in 1873 with the publication of
724:
607:
890:
2027:"La reinterpretation de visibilidad y calidad en las nuevas politicas de evaluacion de revistas cientificas"
1538:"H-Index: A Review Focused in Its Variants, Computation and Standardization for Different Scientific Fields"
841:"A decade of development in sub-Saharan African science, technology, engineering, and Mathematics research"
467:
1724:"A Global Comparison of Scientific Mobility and Collaboration According to National Scientific Capacities"
769:
367:
264:
247:
108:
719:
81:
2304:"Whose Infrastructure? Towards Inclusive and Collaborative Knowledge Infrastructures in Open Science"
2302:
Okune, Angela; Hillyer, Rebecca; Albornoz, Denisse; Posada, Alejandro; Chan, Leslie (June 20, 2018).
1453:
1290:
729:
684:
182:
86:
1767:"Scopus or Web of Science for a Bibliometric Profile of Pharmacy Research at a Nigerian University?"
1718:
Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida; Miao, Lili; Murray, Dakota; Robinson-García, Nicolás; Costas, Rodrigo;
1361:
619:
551:
327:
234:
2098:
347:. Unlike modern scholarly citation indexes, only references to one work, the Bible, were indexed.
2212:
2179:
2121:
1981:
1955:
1928:
1852:
1700:
1594:
1572:"Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: A Longitudinal and Cross-Disciplinary Comparison"
1518:
1469:
1443:
1416:
1398:
759:
301:
1904:. Proceedings of the Science and Technology Indicators Conference 2014 Leiden. pp. 97–106.
2235:
2074:
2005:
1632:
1628:
1510:
1314:
1306:
1257:
1229:
1123:
986:
694:
387:
152:
123:
118:
1279:"Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas"
672:
2311:
2268:
2204:
2171:
2148:
2113:
2066:
2038:
1973:
1965:
1920:
1882:
1844:
1815:
1807:
1778:
1745:
1735:
1719:
1692:
1663:
1586:
1552:
1500:
1489:"Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: Strengths and Weaknesses"
1461:
1408:
1298:
1219:
1185:
1113:
1103:
764:
714:
492:
400:
259:
189:
1278:
1208:"Citation Indexing Revisited: Garfield's Early Vision and Its Implications for the Future"
824:
569:
555:
378:
251:
167:
157:
57:
39:
2232:
Academic writing in a global context: The politics and practices of publishing in English
1487:
Falagas, Matthew E.; Pitsouni, Eleni I.; Malietzis, George A.; Pappas, Georgios (2008).
1457:
1294:
1002:"Open Access, the Global South and the Politics of Knowledge Production and Circulation"
1118:
1091:
709:
623:
547:
297:
133:
2316:
2303:
591:
Several open-access, subject-specific citation indexing services also exist, such as:
2331:
2216:
2183:
2152:
2125:
1856:
1598:
177:
1999:
1932:
1704:
1420:
1985:
1473:
1017:"Richard Smith: Strong evidence of bias against research from low income countries"
396:
1522:
1333:
1602:
1302:
1251:
1108:
820:"Africa produces just 1.1% of global scientific knowledge – but change is coming"
17:
2099:"The Victorious English Language: Hegemonic Practices in the Management Academy"
1668:
1651:
595:
426:
140:
91:
2070:
2043:
2026:
1848:
27:
1886:
1811:
1696:
1590:
1556:
1412:
1033:"The Local and the Global: Puncturing the myth of the "international" journal"
956:
668:
335:
76:
2308:
Connecting the Knowledge Commons: From Projects to Sustainable Infrastructure
2175:
2117:
2061:
Paasi, Anssi (2015). "Academic Capitalism and the Geopolitics of Knowledge".
1969:
1310:
1233:
2289:"Knowledge and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century"
2208:
1740:
1723:
1224:
1207:
1158:
The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems
1092:"The NIH Open Citation Collection: A public access, broad coverage resource"
699:
289:
172:
1514:
1318:
1127:
1924:
1505:
1488:
2273:
2256:
734:
565:
293:
238:
113:
1820:
1750:
1190:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199206)43:5<337::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-T
1001:
1977:
744:
543:
General-purpose, subscription-based academic citation indexes include:
326:
The earliest known citation index is an index of biblical citations in
243:
101:
96:
1783:
1766:
1465:
1436:
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
1536:
Alonso, S.; Cabrerizo, F.J.; Herrera-Viedma, E.; Herrera, F. (2009).
754:
627:
601:
561:
305:
1403:
894:
1960:
1448:
258:(ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in
26:
581:
931:
1253:
The Web of Knowledge: A Festschrift in Honor of Eugene Garfield
790:"Clarivate Analytics will provide citation data during REF2021"
585:
554:(previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of
420:
296:
in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include
292:
in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by
403:
about the idea. In 1961 Garfield received a grant from the
314:
1771:
South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science
1006:, Leslie Chan interview with Open Library of Humanities.
2198:
1178:
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
604:, which covers life sciences and biomedical topics, and
391:. In 1959, Garfield started a consulting business, the
1902:
Context Counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data
2063:
The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Political Geography
1868:
1866:
1160:, Proceedings of the 2002 Conference, 2004, p. 126
2197:Rivera-López, Bárbara Sofía (September 1, 2016).
2025:Juan Pablo Alperin; Cecillia Rozemblum (2017).
1384:
1382:
288:(established in 1907) into internet-accessible
2092:
2090:
1047:"SciELO, Open Infrastructure and Independence"
2230:Lillis, Theresa M.; Curry, Mary Jane (2013).
2056:
2054:
805:"World University Rankings 2019: Methodology"
210:
8:
1652:"Ten Hot Topics around Scholarly Publishing"
1728:Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics
1644:
1642:
1570:Harzing, Anne-Wil; Alakangas, Satu (2016).
1341:University of Pennsylvania Garfield Library
1212:Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics
615:Representativeness of proprietary databases
455:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1765:Boshoff, Nelius; Akanmu, Moses A. (2018).
1256:. Information Today, Inc. pp. 16–18.
217:
203:
44:
2315:
2272:
2042:
1959:
1819:
1782:
1749:
1739:
1667:
1504:
1447:
1402:
1223:
1171:
1169:
1142:Historical Studies in Information Science
1117:
1107:
519:Learn how and when to remove this message
1064:
781:
56:
35:Index of citations between publications
705:Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
373:William Adair, a former president of
7:
1245:
1243:
1201:
1199:
1031:Neylon, Cameron (3 September 2018).
453:adding citations to reliable sources
393:Institute for Scientific Information
256:Institute for Scientific Information
2004:. Uganda Martyrs University. 2017.
610:which covers astronomy and physics.
405:U.S. National Institutes of Health
277:Arts and Humanities Citation Index
25:
2317:10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.31
690:Chinese Science Citation Database
598:which covers high energy physics,
2153:10.1111/j.0004-0894.2004.00229.x
533:Indexing and abstracting service
425:
417:Major citation indexing services
399:and began a correspondence with
64:
1277:Garfield, Eugene (1955-07-15).
859:"Scopus content coverage guide"
413:, published as a book in 1963.
2097:Tietze, Susanne; Dick, Penny.
917:"DOAJ journals from Indonesia"
750:Russian Science Citation Index
588:are freely available online.
360:Table of Cases...California...
271:Social Sciences Citation Index
1:
2106:Journal of Management Inquiry
362:(1860) and in 1872 by Wait's
310:National Institutes of Health
1303:10.1126/science.122.3159.108
1109:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000385
364:Table of Cases...New York...
1837:Progress in Human Geography
1669:10.3390/publications7020034
1206:Small, Henry (2018-03-02).
972:"DOAJ journals from Brazil"
2364:
2071:10.1002/9781118725771.ch37
2044:10.17533/udea.rib.v40n3a04
1849:10.1191/030913201666823316
536:
530:
37:
1887:10.1108/09555340610711067
1812:10.1016/j.joi.2017.05.006
1697:10.1007/s11192-017-2573-x
1591:10.1007/s11192-015-1798-9
1557:10.1016/j.joi.2009.04.001
1413:10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
1332:Garfield, Eugene (1963).
1250:Garfield, Eugene (2000).
809:, Times Higher Education.
740:Microsoft Academic Search
286:Chemical Abstract Service
282:American Chemical Society
2257:"(Im)Mobile Geographies"
2176:10.1177/1075547005275428
2118:10.1177/1056492612444316
1875:European Business Review
1334:"Science Citation Index"
725:Journal Citation Reports
608:Astrophysics Data System
38:Not to be confused with
1800:Journal of Informetrics
1741:10.3389/frma.2018.00017
1545:Journal of Informetrics
1225:10.3389/frma.2018.00008
354:(1743) and followed by
1970:10.1093/reseval/rvu012
770:Serbian Citation Index
410:Science Citation Index
284:converted its printed
265:Science Citation Index
109:Bibliographic coupling
32:
2343:Reputation management
2261:Geographica Helvetica
2209:10.31237/osf.io/8cypr
2168:Science Communication
1925:10.13039/501100000269
1506:10.1096/fj.07-9492LSF
720:Indian Citation Index
626:(WoS) and Elsevier's
268:(SCI), and later the
30:
2274:10.5194/gh-68-7-2013
2065:. pp. 507–523.
1720:Sugimoto, Cassidy R.
730:Korea Citation Index
685:Acknowledgment index
449:improve this section
2338:Academic publishing
1948:Research Evaluation
1458:2009arXiv0903.5254A
1295:1955Sci...122..108G
1049:. 3 September 2018.
807:. 7 September 2018.
620:Clarivate Analytics
552:Clarivate Analytics
383:Shepard's Citations
375:Shepard's Citations
368:Shepard's Citations
345:Shepard's Citations
332:Mafteah ha-Derashot
328:rabbinic literature
248:Shepard's Citations
235:bibliographic index
2255:Minca, C. (2013).
1019:. 5 December 2017.
828:. 26 October 2015.
760:Scientific journal
302:Microsoft Academic
146:Proximity Analysis
33:
2241:978-0-415-46881-7
2080:978-1-118-72577-1
2011:978-9970-09-009-9
1784:10.7553/83-2-1682
1493:The FASEB Journal
1466:10.1002/asi.21062
1289:(3159): 108–111.
1263:978-1-57387-099-3
695:Citation analysis
529:
528:
521:
503:
356:Douglas's Reports
352:Raymond's Reports
260:academic journals
250:(1873). In 1961,
227:
226:
153:Coercive citation
18:Citation database
16:(Redirected from
2355:
2348:Citation indices
2322:
2321:
2319:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1963:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1743:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1601:. Archived from
1576:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1508:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1451:
1442:(7): 1320–1326.
1431:
1425:
1424:
1406:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1362:"Web of Science"
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:. pp. v–xvi
1338:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1173:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1102:(10): e3000385.
1087:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1005:
998:
992:
990:
983:
977:
975:
968:
962:
960:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
928:
922:
920:
913:
907:
905:
903:
902:
893:. Archived from
887:
881:
879:
877:
876:
870:
864:. Archived from
863:
855:
849:
847:
845:
837:
831:
829:
816:
810:
808:
801:
795:
793:
786:
765:Semantic Scholar
715:Index Copernicus
539:Citation indices
524:
517:
513:
510:
504:
502:
468:"Citation index"
461:
429:
421:
401:Joshua Lederberg
334:, attributed to
219:
212:
205:
190:Kardashian Index
68:
58:Citation metrics
45:
21:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2012:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1139:
1135:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
984:
980:
970:
969:
965:
955:
954:
950:
940:
938:
930:
929:
925:
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
891:"Garuda portal"
889:
888:
884:
874:
872:
868:
861:
857:
856:
852:
843:
839:
838:
834:
825:TheGuardian.com
818:
817:
813:
803:
802:
798:
788:
787:
783:
778:
681:
641:Human Geography
617:
570:social sciences
556:Thomson Reuters
541:
537:Main category:
535:
525:
514:
508:
505:
462:
460:
446:
430:
419:
379:Eugene Garfield
324:
274:(SSCI) and the
252:Eugene Garfield
223:
194:
158:Citation cartel
43:
40:Citation impact
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2294:
2280:
2247:
2240:
2222:
2189:
2158:
2131:
2112:(1): 122–134.
2086:
2079:
2050:
2037:(3): 231–241.
2033:(in Spanish).
2017:
2010:
1991:
1954:(3): 195–209.
1938:
1907:
1892:
1881:(6): 422–436.
1862:
1827:
1806:(3): 655–671.
1790:
1757:
1710:
1685:Scientometrics
1675:
1638:
1618:
1585:(2): 787–804.
1579:Scientometrics
1562:
1551:(4): 273–289.
1528:
1499:(2): 338–342.
1479:
1426:
1391:Scientometrics
1378:
1353:
1324:
1269:
1262:
1239:
1195:
1184:(5): 337–339.
1165:
1149:
1133:
1082:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:, Leslie Chan.
1038:
1023:
1008:
993:
978:
963:
948:
923:
908:
882:
850:
832:
811:
796:
780:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
710:Google Scholar
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
680:
677:
624:Web of Science
616:
613:
612:
611:
605:
599:
586:Google Scholar
574:
573:
559:
548:Web of Science
531:Main article:
527:
526:
433:
431:
424:
418:
415:
323:
320:
298:Google Scholar
237:, an index of
231:citation index
225:
224:
222:
221:
214:
207:
199:
196:
195:
193:
192:
187:
186:
185:
180:
175:
165:
160:
155:
150:
149:
148:
138:
137:
136:
131:
126:
121:
111:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
84:
79:
73:
70:
69:
61:
60:
54:
53:
34:
31:Citation index
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2360:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2291:. March 2011.
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2234:. Routledge.
2233:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2147:(3): 319–22.
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1608:on 2021-06-23
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:, 1998, p. 51
1143:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
997:
994:
988:
987:"Leslie Chan"
982:
979:
973:
967:
964:
958:
952:
949:
937:
933:
927:
924:
918:
912:
909:
897:on 2020-02-27
896:
892:
886:
883:
871:on 2019-09-04
867:
860:
854:
851:
842:
836:
833:
827:
826:
821:
815:
812:
806:
800:
797:
791:
785:
782:
775:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
676:
674:
670:
664:
660:
656:
654:
653:lingua franca
648:
644:
642:
636:
632:
629:
625:
621:
614:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
592:
589:
587:
583:
580:In addition,
578:
571:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
549:
546:
545:
544:
540:
534:
523:
520:
512:
509:November 2020
501:
498:
494:
491:
487:
484:
480:
477:
473:
470: –
469:
465:
464:Find sources:
458:
454:
450:
444:
443:
439:
434:This section
432:
428:
423:
422:
416:
414:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
337:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
316:
311:
307:
304:, Elsevier's
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
273:
272:
267:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
236:
233:is a kind of
232:
220:
215:
213:
208:
206:
201:
200:
198:
197:
191:
188:
184:
181:
179:
178:Impact factor
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
168:Journal-level
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
110:
107:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
83:
82:Article-level
80:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:
41:
29:
19:
2307:
2297:
2283:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2231:
2225:
2199:
2192:
2167:
2161:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2109:
2105:
2062:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1878:
1874:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1821:10722/247620
1803:
1799:
1793:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1751:10261/170058
1731:
1727:
1713:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1659:
1656:Publications
1655:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1582:
1578:
1565:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1394:
1390:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1345:. Retrieved
1340:
1327:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1252:
1215:
1211:
1181:
1177:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1099:
1096:PLOS Biology
1095:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1041:
1026:
1011:
996:
981:
966:
951:
939:. Retrieved
935:
926:
911:
899:. Retrieved
895:the original
885:
873:. Retrieved
866:the original
853:
835:
823:
814:
799:
784:
665:
661:
657:
652:
649:
645:
640:
637:
633:
618:
590:
579:
575:
542:
515:
506:
496:
489:
482:
475:
463:
447:Please help
435:
408:
397:Philadelphia
386:
382:
374:
372:
363:
359:
355:
351:
349:
344:
340:
331:
325:
313:
275:
269:
263:
262:, first the
230:
228:
128:
87:Author-level
2267:(1): 7–16.
1978:10251/85447
1691:: 159–179.
1397:: 213–228.
596:INSPIRE-HEP
141:Co-citation
92:Eigenfactor
2332:Categories
2203:(Thesis).
1612:2021-02-21
1404:1511.08096
1347:2013-05-27
1059:References
991:, Twitter.
932:"Homepage"
901:2020-01-04
875:2020-01-04
669:AfricArXiv
479:newspapers
395:(ISI), in
341:En Mishpat
336:Maimonides
308:, and the
77:Altmetrics
2217:210180559
2184:144242790
2126:143610201
1961:1304.6742
1857:144150221
1843:: 53–69.
1662:(2): 34.
1599:207236780
1449:0903.5254
1371:April 24,
1366:Clarivate
1311:0036-8075
1234:2504-0537
941:April 24,
700:CiteSeerX
436:does not
290:SciFinder
239:citations
173:CiteScore
1933:11720845
1722:(2018).
1705:19052437
1515:17884971
1421:17753803
1319:14385826
1128:31600197
957:"SciELO"
735:The Lens
679:See also
582:CiteSeer
566:Elsevier
294:CiteSeer
280:(AHCI).
246:such as
244:citators
124:Dynamics
119:Analysis
114:Citation
50:a series
48:Part of
1986:1466718
1633:2818335
1474:1168518
1454:Bibcode
1291:Bibcode
1283:Science
1119:6786512
961:portal.
936:J-STAGE
880:, 2017.
745:Redalyc
673:InarXiv
493:scholar
457:removed
442:sources
388:Science
322:History
183:SCImago
102:H-index
97:G-index
2238:
2215:
2182:
2124:
2077:
2031:Inicio
2008:
1984:
1931:
1855:
1703:
1631:
1597:
1523:303173
1521:
1513:
1472:
1419:
1317:
1309:
1260:
1232:
1126:
1116:
755:SciELO
628:Scopus
602:PubMed
562:Scopus
495:
488:
481:
474:
466:
330:, the
306:Scopus
2213:S2CID
2180:S2CID
2122:S2CID
2102:(PDF)
1982:S2CID
1956:arXiv
1929:S2CID
1853:S2CID
1777:(2).
1701:S2CID
1606:(PDF)
1595:S2CID
1575:(PDF)
1541:(PDF)
1519:S2CID
1470:S2CID
1444:arXiv
1417:S2CID
1399:arXiv
1337:(PDF)
1218:: 8.
869:(PDF)
862:(PDF)
844:(PDF)
776:Notes
500:JSTOR
486:books
315:iCite
134:Graph
129:Index
2236:ISBN
2141:Area
2075:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1917:ISSI
1629:SSRN
1511:PMID
1373:2022
1315:PMID
1307:ISSN
1258:ISBN
1230:ISSN
1124:PMID
943:2022
671:and
584:and
472:news
440:any
438:cite
163:I4OC
2312:doi
2269:doi
2205:doi
2172:doi
2149:doi
2114:doi
2067:doi
2039:doi
1974:hdl
1966:doi
1921:doi
1883:doi
1845:doi
1816:hdl
1808:doi
1779:doi
1746:hdl
1736:doi
1693:doi
1689:114
1664:doi
1587:doi
1583:106
1553:doi
1501:doi
1462:doi
1409:doi
1395:106
1299:doi
1287:122
1220:doi
1186:doi
1114:PMC
1104:doi
564:by
550:by
451:by
312:'s
254:'s
2334::
2310:.
2306:.
2265:68
2263:.
2259:.
2211:.
2178:.
2170:.
2145:36
2143:.
2120:.
2110:22
2108:.
2104:.
2089:^
2073:.
2053:^
2035:40
2029:.
1980:.
1972:.
1964:.
1952:23
1950:.
1927:.
1919:.
1879:18
1877:.
1865:^
1851:.
1841:25
1839:.
1814:.
1804:11
1802:.
1775:83
1773:.
1769:.
1744:.
1734:.
1730:.
1726:.
1699:.
1687:.
1658:.
1654:.
1641:^
1593:.
1581:.
1577:.
1547:.
1543:.
1517:.
1509:.
1497:22
1495:.
1491:.
1468:.
1460:.
1452:.
1440:60
1438:.
1415:.
1407:.
1393:.
1381:^
1364:.
1339:.
1313:.
1305:.
1297:.
1285:.
1281:.
1242:^
1228:.
1214:.
1210:.
1198:^
1182:43
1180:.
1168:^
1162:ff
1146:ff
1122:.
1112:.
1100:17
1098:.
1094:.
934:.
822:.
622:'
370:.
318:.
300:,
229:A
52:on
2320:.
2314::
2277:.
2271::
2244:.
2219:.
2207::
2186:.
2174::
2155:.
2151::
2128:.
2116::
2083:.
2069::
2047:.
2041::
2014:.
1988:.
1976::
1968::
1958::
1935:.
1923::
1889:.
1885::
1859:.
1847::
1824:.
1818::
1810::
1787:.
1781::
1754:.
1748::
1738::
1732:3
1707:.
1695::
1672:.
1666::
1660:7
1635:.
1615:.
1589::
1559:.
1555::
1549:3
1525:.
1503::
1476:.
1464::
1456::
1446::
1423:.
1411::
1401::
1375:.
1350:.
1321:.
1301::
1293::
1266:.
1236:.
1222::
1216:3
1192:.
1188::
1130:.
1106::
1035:.
1021:.
1004:.
989:.
976:.
974:.
959:.
945:.
921:.
919:.
906:.
904:.
878:.
848:.
846:.
830:.
794:.
792:.
572:.
558:)
522:)
516:(
511:)
507:(
497:·
490:·
483:·
476:·
459:.
445:.
218:e
211:t
204:v
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
