617:
748:
515:
796:
820:
772:
760:
736:
712:
700:
688:
177:
808:
193:
784:
724:
25:
200:
487:
St. Francis, St. Mary, St. Maximilian and St. Henry. The Chapel of St. Balbina was placed in the center of the citadel. The French took the citadel in 1675. In 1676 the French demolished the citadel to prevent it from falling into the hands of its enemies. The bastions, demi-lunes and part of the old ramparts were undermined. In 1684 Prince-Bishop
453:, the city built its first walls in sandstone. The enclosure was shaped like an elongated rectangle of about 25 hectares (62 acres), surrounded with a ditch and lined with towers and gates. A gate tower was built at the foot of Pierruse. The first bridge at the site of the Pont des Arches was built around 1033. In the early 12th century
636:
was established in the southern portion of the citadel, in a section which survives. The rounded concrete forms of the three bunkers contrast with the older masonry. The command post was augmented after World War II with an air intake tower equipped with filters for nuclear, biological and chemical
486:
Work began in 1663 on the first permanent masonry citadel. In 1671 work was completed on a pentagonal fortress with bastions at the angles and demi-lunes. On the outer side the walls were lined with ditches, and the citadel was integrated with the city walls. The bastions were named for St. Lambert,
482:
In 1650 the Holy Roman
Emperor granted Prince-Bishop Maximilien Henri de Bavière permission to build a fort. He erected a large well-protected rectangle, relying on German engineers. The walls were of earthen construction, incorporating the 1548 Sainte-Walburge bastion. However, the construction was
457:
proposed a larger enclosure, but failed to raise the necessary funds. A new wall was started in 1204 from the Porte Sainte-Walburge to
Paienporte, then down to the river, and another wall was under construction between the Hocheporte and Sainte-Walburge. In May 1212 the still uncompleted walls were
658:
of Liège, and in 1970 construction of the Centre hospitalier régional de la
Citadelle was begun, destroying much of the old citadel. Work on the hospital building started in 1974 and was completed in 1978. Due to the presence of underground excavations, the hospital was placed on driven piles for
628:
In 1911 Belgian troops were billeted in the citadel. In August 1914 they participated in the defense of Liège from German invasion. Following the surrender of the city the citadel was used as a place of internment and as a hospital. It continued in use as a hospital following the 1918 armistice.
548:
In 1702 the allies under van
Coehoorn laid siege to the citadel for three days. In 1703 in accordance with the Treaties of Namur and Utrecht, Liège was declared neutral. New work continued from 1707 to 1711 with the addition of new bastions and demi-lunes.
588:
authorized the reconstruction of the citadel to a plan by
Camerlingh. In 1817 the St. Balbina chapel, the old Porte Sainte-Walburge and the bastion du Clergé were demolished. The Sainte-Lambert and Sainte-François bastions were rebuilt and demi-lune
524:, 8. Porte Sainte-Walburge, 9. Bastion du Clergé, 10. Bastion des Anglais, 11. Hocheporte, 12. Bastion du Saint-Esprit, 13. Porte Sainte-Marguerite, 14. Porte Saint-Martin, 15. Tour des Moxhons, 16. Porte des Bégards, 17. Tour des Bégards.
616:
510:
organized the defense of Liège. He established a series of protected trenches on the left bank of the Meuse. This system employed light troops supported by artillery, reflecting van
Coehoorn's lack of interest in fortifications.
419:
In the 1970s, the citadel was largely destroyed by the construction of a hospital on the site. The southern walls remain. An area on the north side is a memorial to
Belgians executed in the citadel by German occupiers in
465:
In 1255 Prince-Bishop Henri de
Gueldre built the Porte Sainte Walburga, furnished with towers, a well, a drawbridge and a prison, which was in effect the first citadel on the site. In 1468 the troops of
491:
began to rebuild the citadel. However, the 1685 Treaty of
Versailles, which guaranteed the neutrality of the Liégeoise, required the citadel's demolition. In 1691 French troops commanded by
673:
were listed as classified structures. On 11 October 1982 the bastions and curtain walls were designated, and on 23 March 1988 the walls and the Porte de Païenporte were classified.
644:
in May 1940 the citadel was once again used by German forces to intern
Belgians. It was occupied by American forces in 1945, and in 1947 Belgian forces reoccupied the citadel.
541:
to repair the citadel. In 1702 the engineer Filley reported to Vauban, describing the state of the citadel as lamentable. Vauban came to Liège to try to convince Prince-Bishop
1048:
572:
between the Empire and the United Provinces, requiring the demolition of the citadel of Liège The bastions and walls on the town side of the citadel remained.
600:
of 1830. The second battalion of the first Belgian Independent Regiment occupied the citadel. In 1891 a royal decree downgraded the citadel and the nearby
1053:
747:
223:
1043:
520:
1. Porte Maghin, 2. Porte Saint-Léonard, 3. Bastion Saint-Léonard, 4. Porte de Vivegnis, 5. Rempart des Six-Cents-Degrés, 6. Païenporte, 7.
42:
1033:
492:
108:
89:
192:
953:
932:
911:
61:
655:
795:
392:
The first citadel was built on the heights overlooking the city in 1255. It was rebuilt in a pentagonal shape by Prince-Bishop
819:
783:
771:
759:
735:
723:
711:
699:
687:
68:
46:
633:
605:
409:
151:
412:, though it continued in use as a barracks and as a command post for the Fortified Position, contributing to the country's
369:, until the end of the 19th century. It is located in the Sainte-Walburge neighborhood, 111 metres (364 ft) above the
807:
585:
454:
450:
75:
488:
393:
413:
57:
647:
In 1946 a memorial was established to those who had been executed in the citadel during World Wars I and II. The
542:
534:
459:
1038:
651:("enclosure of those shot by firing squad") was dedicated in 1947, with 197 crosses commemorating the dead.
35:
514:
408:. By the late 19th century, the citadel had become obsolete as a fort, replaced by the twelve forts of the
975:
870:
624:
agents arrested after the fall of Liège, Belgium, are herded together in a cell in the citadel of Liège.
601:
496:
663:
668:
396:
in 1650. This fortress was destroyed by France shortly afterwards, then rebuilt in 1684. During the
82:
597:
507:
471:
568:, thereby ending the War of Spanish Succession. In 1715 the Treaty of the Barrier was signed at
500:
446:
333:
999:
641:
565:
561:
553:
374:
337:
176:
462:, who sacked the city. Encouraged by this setback, the townsmen completed the walls in 1215.
467:
382:
397:
350:
139:
557:
386:
378:
1027:
370:
425:
996:
Histoire de l'enceinte et de la citadelle sur la rive gauche de la Meuse, à Liège
421:
24:
1014:
893:
998:, 1999, 207 p., Liège, Centre Liégeois d'Histoire et d'Archéologie Militaire
238:
225:
983:
1003:
581:
366:
362:
163:
159:
621:
590:
569:
401:
358:
167:
538:
429:
405:
580:
In 1815 the Dutch took control of the area following the defeat of
615:
513:
18:
537:
in 1701, the engineer Jacques de la Combe was delegated by
518:
Fortifications of Liège at the end of the 17th century.
608:. The citadel was used as a barracks and command post.
385:, the Citadel of Liège forms part of the so-called
329:
321:
306:
301:
293:
283:
275:
267:
262:
254:
217:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
483:blown up by the French shortly after completion.
357:) was the central fortification of the strategic
681:Graphic portrayal of the citadel's evolution:
564:which settled disputes between France and the
16:Partially destroyed fortress in Liège, Belgium
8:
495:bombarded the city from the vicinity of the
470:destroyed the city despite an attack by the
131:
654:In 1967 the citadel was turned over to the
864:
862:
860:
596:The Dutch garrison capitulated during the
445:Around the year 1000, during the reign of
120:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
662:On 21 December 1977 the fortress and the
556:established peace between France and the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
199:
836:
683:
604:, following the construction of twelve
558:Republic of the Seven United Provinces
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
753:Citadel of Liège on 23 October 1702
545:to underwrite the cost of repairs.
14:
1049:Buildings and structures in Liège
914:. Lampspw.wallonie.be. 1977-12-21
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
758:
746:
734:
722:
710:
698:
686:
656:Public Centre for Social Welfare
493:Louis François, duc de Boufflers
198:
191:
175:
23:
898:Index des fortifications belges
34:needs additional citations for
954:"Arrêté du classement de 1988"
933:"Arrêté du classement de 1982"
912:"Arrêté du classement de 1977"
606:modern forts surrounding Liége
181:Surviving walls of the citadel
1:
533:With the commencement of the
1054:Tourist attractions in Liège
586:William I of the Netherlands
634:Fortified Position of Liège
489:Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
455:Holy Roman Emperor Henri IV
410:Fortified Position of Liège
394:Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
152:Fortified Position of Liège
1070:
801:Camerlingh project in 1817
506:In 1692 the Dutch general
432:remain on the south side.
1044:Castles in Liège Province
871:"Le parc de la Citadelle"
543:Joseph Clemens of Bavaria
535:War of Spanish Succession
186:
174:
157:
149:
128:
900:(in French). fortiff.be.
825:Citadel of Liège in 1978
789:Citadel of Liège in 1816
777:Citadel of Liège in 1715
765:Citadel of Liège in 1711
741:Citadel of Liège in 1702
729:Citadel of Liège in 1698
717:Citadel of Liège in 1694
705:Citadel of Liège in 1671
693:Citadel of Liège in 1650
460:Henry I, Duke of Brabant
458:scaled by the troops of
1034:Fortifications of Liège
976:Le parc de la Citadelle
632:A command post for the
297:Parkland, hospital site
625:
525:
451:Prince-Bishop of Liège
373:valley. Together with
354:
132:
984:La citadelle de Liège
956:. Lampspw.wallonie.be
935:. Lampspw.wallonie.be
619:
602:Fort de la Chartreuse
517:
497:Fort de la Chartreuse
428:, while 20th-century
271:Hôpital CHR Citadelle
894:"Citadelle de Liège"
813:Citadel in the 1940s
400:, it was given five
43:improve this article
649:Enclos des Fusillés
235: /
1015:Citadelle de Liège
626:
598:Belgian Revolution
560:, followed by the
526:
508:Menno van Coehoorn
472:600 Franchimontois
355:Citadelle de Liège
276:Controlled by
133:Citadelle de Liège
58:"Citadel of Liège"
892:Puelinckx, Jean.
869:Muller, Fabrice.
642:Battle of Belgium
566:Holy Roman Empire
562:Treaty of Rastatt
554:Treaty of Utrecht
343:
342:
338:Battle of Belgium
119:
118:
111:
93:
1061:
1020:
982:
974:
965:
964:
962:
961:
950:
944:
943:
941:
940:
929:
923:
922:
920:
919:
908:
902:
901:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
866:
822:
810:
798:
786:
774:
762:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
690:
672:
468:Charles the Bold
414:National Redoubt
404:in the style of
347:Citadel of Liège
317:
315:
263:Site information
250:
249:
247:
246:
245:
240:
239:50.652°N 5.578°E
236:
233:
232:
231:
228:
206:Citadel of Liège
202:
201:
195:
179:
170:
143:
135:
124:Citadel of Liège
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1011:
992:
980:
972:
969:
968:
959:
957:
952:
951:
947:
938:
936:
931:
930:
926:
917:
915:
910:
909:
905:
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
868:
867:
838:
833:
826:
823:
814:
811:
802:
799:
790:
787:
778:
775:
766:
763:
754:
751:
742:
739:
730:
727:
718:
715:
706:
703:
694:
691:
679:
666:
664:Païenporte Well
614:
578:
531:
519:
501:Nine Years' War
480:
443:
438:
398:Napoleonic Wars
334:Battle of Liège
313:
311:
286:the public
285:
243:
241:
237:
234:
229:
226:
224:
222:
221:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
207:
203:
182:
158:
145:
137:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1039:Meuse Citadels
1036:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:at fortiff.be
1010:
1009:External links
1007:
994:Jules Loxhay,
991:
988:
987:
986:
978:
967:
966:
945:
924:
903:
884:
835:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
824:
817:
815:
812:
805:
803:
800:
793:
791:
788:
781:
779:
776:
769:
767:
764:
757:
755:
752:
745:
743:
740:
733:
731:
728:
721:
719:
716:
709:
707:
704:
697:
695:
692:
685:
678:
675:
640:Following the
637:contaminants.
613:
610:
577:
574:
530:
527:
479:
476:
442:
439:
437:
434:
387:Meuse Citadels
341:
340:
331:
327:
326:
323:
319:
318:
308:
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
219:
215:
214:
205:
204:
197:
196:
190:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
172:
171:
155:
154:
147:
146:
129:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
979:
977:
971:
970:
955:
949:
946:
934:
928:
925:
913:
907:
904:
899:
895:
888:
885:
872:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
837:
830:
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
792:
785:
780:
773:
768:
761:
756:
749:
744:
737:
732:
725:
720:
713:
708:
701:
696:
689:
684:
682:
676:
674:
670:
665:
660:
657:
652:
650:
645:
643:
638:
635:
630:
623:
618:
611:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
587:
583:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
528:
523:
516:
512:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
484:
477:
475:
473:
469:
463:
461:
456:
452:
448:
441:Early history
440:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
320:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
253:
248:
244:50.652; 5.578
220:
216:
194:
185:
178:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
153:
148:
144:
141:
134:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
995:
993:
990:Bibliography
958:. Retrieved
948:
937:. Retrieved
927:
916:. Retrieved
906:
897:
887:
875:. Retrieved
680:
661:
653:
648:
646:
639:
631:
627:
612:20th century
595:
593:were added.
579:
576:19th century
551:
547:
532:
529:18th century
521:
505:
485:
481:
478:17th century
464:
444:
422:World Wars I
418:
391:
346:
344:
330:Battles/wars
302:Site history
284:Open to
130:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1019:(in French)
981:(in French)
973:(in French)
873:(in French)
667: [
499:during the
242: /
218:Coordinates
99:August 2012
1028:Categories
960:2014-04-26
939:2014-04-26
918:2014-04-26
831:References
584:. In 1816
227:50°39′07″N
69:newspapers
877:16 August
659:support.
552:The 1713
322:Materials
294:Condition
230:5°34′41″E
1004:51670581
591:outworks
582:Napoleon
402:bastions
367:Wallonia
361:city of
164:Wallonia
150:Part of
677:Gallery
622:Gestapo
620:German
570:Antwerp
522:Citadel
436:History
430:bunkers
359:Belgian
325:Masonry
312: (
279:Belgium
168:Belgium
83:scholar
1002:
539:Vauban
447:Notker
406:Vauban
375:Dinant
351:French
140:French
136:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
671:]
383:Namur
371:Meuse
363:Liège
345:The
307:Built
268:Owner
160:Liège
90:JSTOR
76:books
1000:OCLC
879:2012
424:and
381:and
314:1255
310:1255
258:Fort
255:Type
62:news
379:Huy
289:Yes
45:by
1030::
896:.
839:^
669:fr
503:.
474:.
449:,
426:II
416:.
389:.
377:,
365:,
353::
336:,
166:,
162:,
963:.
942:.
921:.
881:.
349:(
316:)
142:)
138:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
