535:
1738:
1793:
726:
670:
1470:
1772:
89:
997:
45:
4841:
4829:
64:
1458:
1877:
1852:
1821:
1724:
919:
1835:
1485:
1807:
863:, except that it has small prickles running across it. As to the fruit, it is never eaten, but it is remarkable for its extremely powerful smell, which is the case, also, with the leaves; indeed, the odour is so strong, that it will penetrate clothes, when they are once impregnated with it, and hence it is very useful in repelling the attacks of noxious insects.
4853:
1592:
1362:, the citron's pulp is dry, containing a small quantity of juice, if any. The main content of a citron fruit is its thick white rind, which adheres to the segments and cannot easily be separated from them. The citron gets halved and depulped, then its rind (the thicker the better) is cut into pieces. Those are cooked in sugar syrup and used as a
947:, which forms independently according to the fruits' position on the tree, twig orientation, and many other factors. The rind is leathery, furrowed, and adherent. The inner portion is thick, white and hard; the outer is uniformly thin and very fragrant. The pulp is usually acidic, but also can be sweet, and some varieties are entirely pulpless.
1051:
345:. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used in Asian and Mediterranean cuisine, traditional medicines, perfume, and religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially more prominent, notably
987:
Despite the wide variety of forms taken on by the fruit, citrons are all closely related genetically, representing a single species. Genetic analysis divides the known cultivars into three clusters: a
Mediterranean cluster thought to have originated in India, and two clusters predominantly found in
866:
The tree bears fruit at all seasons of the year; while some is falling off, other fruit is ripening, and other, again, just bursting into birth. Various nations have attempted to naturalize this tree among them, for the sake of its medica or
Persian properties, by planting it in pots of clay, with
2443:
Wu, Guohong Albert; Terol, Javier; Ibanez, Victoria; López-García, Antonio; Pérez-Román, Estela; Borredá, Carles; Domingo, Concha; Tadeo, Francisco R; Carbonell-Caballero, Jose; Alonso, Roberto; Curk, Franck; Du, Dongliang; Ollitrault, Patrick; Roose, Mikeal L. Roose; Dopazo, Joaquin; Gmitter Jr,
983:
The color varies from green, when unripe, to a yellow-orange when overripe. The citron does not fall off the tree and can reach 8–10 pounds (4–5 kg) if not picked before fully mature. However, they should be picked before the winter, as the branches might bend or break to the ground, and may
738:
In the east and south there are special plants ... i.e. in Media(Perhaps they mistakenly called it Mad because it was located in the east of
Parthia and south and the tree grows in the question of Caspian sea, Mazandaran, Gilan , not Mad ) and Persia there are many types of fruit, between them
855:
There is another tree also with the same name of "citrus", and bears a fruit that is held by some persons in particular dislike for its smell and remarkable bitterness; while, on the other hand, there are some who esteem it very highly. This tree is used as an ornament to houses; it requires,
881:
Citrons, either the pulp of them or the pips, are taken in wine as an antidote to poisons. A decoction of citrons, or the juice extracted from them, is used as a gargle to impart sweetness to the breath. The pips of this fruit are recommended for pregnant women to chew when affected with
867:
holes drilled in them, for the purpose of introducing the air to the roots; and I would here remark, once for all, that it is as well to remember that the best plan is to pack all slips of trees that have to be carried to any distance, as close together as they can possibly be placed.
1755:
596:
mentions the "Median apple." Despite its scientific designation, which is an adaptation of the old name in classical Greek sources “Median pome”, this fruit was not indigenous to Media or ancient Media the citron was mostly cultivated in the
534:
975:
Some citrons have medium-sized oil bubbles at the outer surface, medially distant to each other. Some varieties are ribbed and faintly warted on the outer surface. A fingered citron variety is commonly called
1737:
4814:
1792:
2228:
E. Nicolosi; Z. N. Deng; A. Gentile; S. La Malfa; G. Continella; E. Tribulato (June 2000). "Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers".
584:
Archaeological evidence for citrus fruits has been limited, as neither seeds nor pollen are likely to be routinely recovered in archaeology. The citron is thought to have been native to
2212:
1366:
known in Greek as "kítro glykó" (κίτρο γλυκό), or diced and candied with sugar and used as a confection in cakes. In Italy, a soft drink called "Cedrata" is made from the fruit.
3293:
Inouye, S.; Takizawa, T.; Yamaguchi, H. (2001). "Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact".
2509:"Charred pummelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: Approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia"
2143:"Charred pomelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia"
4809:
2321:
Asad Asadi
Abkenar; Shiro Isshiki; Yosuke Tashiro (1 November 2004). "Phylogenetic relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' revealed by PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA".
669:
1369:
In Samoa a refreshing drink called "vai tipolo" is made from squeezed juice. It is also added to a raw fish dish called "oka" and to a variation of palusami or luáu.
5108:
403:
to refer to the lemon include
Armenian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Esperanto, Polish and the Scandinavian languages.
1033:
are usually wingless or with minor wings. The clustered flowers of the acidic varieties are purplish tinted from outside, but the sweet ones are white-yellowish.
725:
5160:
2395:
R. Carvalho; W. S. Soares Filho; A. C. Brasileiro-Vidal; M. Guerra (March 2005). "The relationships among lemons, limes and citron: a chromosomal comparison".
5299:
2264:
821:
I have said those that have a sort of distaff projecting from the middle are fertile, while those that do not have this are sterile. It is also sown, like
1240:
870:
It has been found, however, that this tree will grow nowhere except in Persia. It is this fruit, the pips of which, as we have already mentioned, the
5056:
1253:
The citron tree is very vigorous with almost no dormancy, blooming several times a year, and is therefore fragile and extremely sensitive to frost.
2966:"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, Book XXIII. The Remedies Derived from the Cultivated Trees., Chap. 56.—Citrons: Five Observations upon Them"
5121:
5069:
859:
The citron tree, called the
Assyrian, and by some the Median or Persian apple, is an antidote against poisons. The leaf is similar to that of the
1029:. The evergreen leaves are green and lemon-scented with slightly serrate edges, ovate-lanceolate or ovate elliptic 2.5 to 7.0 inches long.
799:, for if one boils the inner part of the fruit in a dish or squeezes it into the mouth in some other medium, it makes the breath more pleasant.
5222:
3027:
Ramadugu, Chandrika; Keremane, Manjunath L; Hu, Xulan; Karp, David; Frederici, Claire T; Kahn, Tracy; Roose, Mikeal L; Lee, Richard F. (2015).
2067:
2026:
491:
variety 'Macrocárpa'), which can reach 2.5 kilograms mass. A bitter taste is removed by salt treatment before processing into confectionery.
1018:
or small tree that reaches a height of about 8 to 15 ft (2 to 5 m). It has irregular straggling branches and stiff twigs and long
3395:
1851:
2965:
2925:
2202:
5334:
2951:
878:, as being peculiarly conducive to the sweetening of the breath. We find no other tree very highly commended that is produced in Media.
3390:
2265:"Assessing genetic diversity and population structure in a citrus germplasm collection utilizing simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs)"
5017:
3375:
1469:
3129:
3064:
2768:
1905:
Plummer, J. 2021. Citrus medica. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2021: e.T62041221A62041228. Downloaded on 06 September 2021.
5344:
2748:
2710:
2681:
2629:
2520:
2167:
2125:
1940:
689:
3426:
2645:
5095:
3356:
2671:
2619:
2738:
2725:
605:, where it was cultivated during the later centuries in different areas as described by Erich Isaac. Many mention the role of
5339:
5324:
2698:
1681:) has been used in perfumery, the same oil that was used medicinally for its antibiotic properties. Its major constituent is
1457:
1233:
775:
Spach.), except that they are white, smooth, sharp and strong. The fruit is not eaten, but is very fragrant, as is also the
259:
5126:
2891:
2785:
3340:
2016:
750:
2952:"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, Book XII. The Natural History of Trees, Chap. 7. (3.)—How the Citron Is Planted"
2050:
Klein, J. (2014). "Citron
Cultivation, Production and Uses in the Mediterranean Region". In Z. Yaniv; N. Dudai (eds.).
4952:
2012:
1588:; therefore, it is considered to be a Jewish symbol, one found on various Hebrew antiques and archaeological findings.
936:
739:
there is a fruit called Median or
Persian Apple. The tree has a leaf similar to and almost identical with that of the
1771:
3269:
2513:
AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the
Mediterranean : Acclimatization, diversifications, uses
481:
for baked goods; a thick, light green colored commercially candied half peeling from Indonesia and other countries (
5235:
5165:
4845:
4731:
2184:
1723:
2300:
5349:
4736:
3858:
3332:
2507:
Fuller, Dorian Q.; Castillo, Cristina; Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Qin, Ling; Weisskopf, Alison (15 January 2018).
1876:
1226:
810:, also in the spring, to a soft, well watered site, where the soil is not very fine, for it prefers such places.
291:
280:
2825:
2808:
3663:
2348:
C. A. Krug (June 1943). "Chromosome Numbers in the Subfamily Aurantioideae with Special Reference to the Genus
2146:
88:
5240:
5314:
5043:
4721:
4701:
4658:
4630:
3648:
3399:
847:
20:
5048:
5035:
4048:
1820:
1754:
643:
Leviticus mentions the "fruit of the beautiful ('hadar') tree" as being required for ritual use during the
5319:
5030:
4875:
4696:
4673:
3903:
3883:
3878:
2988:(in French). Translated by J.-J. Clement-Mullet. Paris: A. Franck. pp. 292–297 (ch. 7 - Article 29).
1447:
and spices to make sweet spicy pickle. In the United States, citron is an important ingredient in holiday
427:
422:
255:
4957:
4726:
2999:
806:
in carefully tilled beds, and it is watered every fourth or fifth day. As soon the plant is strong it is
244:
4794:
4648:
4421:
4416:
4033:
2983:
205:
5074:
1443:, Gujarat, it is used to make pickle, wherein entire slices of fruits are salted, dried and mixed with
2141:
Fuller, Dorian Q.; Castillo, Cristina; Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Qin, Ling; Weisskopf, Alison (2017).
817:, for when some have gathered, the flower of the others is on the tree and is ripening others. Of the
5329:
5175:
4991:
4524:
4450:
3536:
3419:
2461:
1585:
1509:
1424:
644:
4758:
4741:
4600:
4387:
3653:
2054:. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World. Vol. 2. Springer Netherlands. pp. 199–214.
1617:
1398:
606:
602:
469:
53:
5152:
1834:
958:
for the acidic varieties, and colorless for the sweet ones. Some citron varieties have persistent
5271:
5227:
4913:
4857:
4799:
4663:
4461:
4362:
4226:
4172:
4144:
3983:
3853:
3558:
3497:
2830:
2579:
2420:
2377:
2369:
2292:
2245:
1946:
1666:
651:). According to Jewish Rabbinical tradition, the "fruit of the tree hadar" refers to the citron.
229:
83:
4983:
2562:
Erich Isaac (January 1959). "The Citron in the Mediterranean: a study in religious influences".
1964:
988:
China, one representing the fingered citrons, and another consisting of non-fingered varieties.
5113:
2809:"The Introduction of Cultivated Citrus to Europe via Northern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula"
1994:
5354:
5196:
5139:
4965:
4779:
4764:
4711:
4638:
4620:
4498:
4493:
4377:
4043:
3868:
3838:
3668:
3658:
3462:
3310:
3189:
2989:
2744:
2706:
2677:
2625:
2516:
2489:
2412:
2284:
2163:
2121:
2063:
2032:
2022:
1936:
1806:
1380:
1325:
1266:
1148:
996:
745:
707:
The citron has been cultivated since ancient times, predating the cultivation of other citrus
610:
338:
1916:
1484:
5201:
4769:
4653:
4534:
4445:
4403:
4392:
4382:
4367:
4231:
4139:
3818:
3723:
3369:
3348:
3302:
3179:
3171:
3044:
2979:
2820:
2764:
2571:
2479:
2469:
2404:
2361:
2330:
2276:
2237:
2155:
2115:
2055:
1928:
1704:
1658:
1607:
1309:
1134:
1119:
1042:
1030:
977:
899:
574:
550:
465:
342:
44:
787:-eaten. It is also useful when one has drunk deadly poison, for when it is administered in
5359:
5309:
5304:
5183:
4833:
4789:
4774:
4706:
4575:
4514:
4476:
4455:
4315:
4262:
4246:
4236:
4162:
4154:
4129:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4028:
3933:
3923:
3863:
3833:
3803:
3793:
3743:
3713:
3673:
3613:
3573:
3477:
3452:
3412:
3379:
3133:
3068:
2216:
1842:
1637:
1595:
1413:
1313:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1270:
1204:
1173:
1168:
1124:
1103:
1098:
1073:
838:
803:
730:
652:
562:
558:
334:
126:
5263:
886:. Citrons are good, also, for a weak stomach, but it is not easy to eat them except with
5214:
4924:
3384:
2876:
2600:
2536:
2465:
943:
end. However, the citron's fruit shape is highly variable, due to the large quantity of
5209:
4691:
4529:
4372:
4241:
4221:
4167:
4038:
4003:
3913:
3823:
3813:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3698:
3531:
3487:
3184:
3155:
2508:
2021:. Illustrated by Soun Vannithone (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 191.
1932:
1859:
1428:
1352:
1317:
1188:
1158:
1019:
452:
113:
3105:
2649:
2263:
Noelle A. Barkley; Mikeal L. Roose; Robert R. Krueger; Claire T. Federici (May 2006).
399:
included the lemon and perhaps the lime as well. Other languages that use variants of
5293:
5134:
4643:
4340:
4124:
4076:
3963:
3943:
3873:
3748:
3703:
3583:
3508:
3482:
3083:
2097:
1950:
1779:
1540:
1521:
1393:
1321:
1282:
1178:
1068:
1001:
955:
951:
923:
807:
697:
693:
682:
221:
73:
68:
2834:
2424:
2381:
2249:
5276:
4716:
4668:
4554:
4549:
4432:
4286:
4276:
4096:
3908:
3718:
3633:
3593:
3526:
3219:
2296:
1278:
1078:
883:
720:
685:
678:
593:
457:
380:
350:
330:
4970:
3049:
3028:
2334:
2142:
4944:
2059:
5147:
5082:
4907:
4784:
4580:
4291:
4259:
4134:
4023:
3998:
3993:
3978:
3948:
3848:
3798:
3783:
3608:
3568:
3467:
1884:
1513:
1363:
1183:
962:
which do not fall off after fecundation. Those are usually preferred for ritual
598:
417:
4934:
3082:
Meena, Ajay Kumar; Kandale, Ajit; Rao, M. M.; Panda, P.; Reddy, Govind (2011).
918:
4605:
3888:
3693:
3688:
3628:
3598:
3588:
3516:
3243:
2280:
1529:
1448:
648:
570:
461:
162:
27:
5022:
4898:
4053:
2993:
2484:
2036:
5004:
4271:
4013:
3973:
3898:
3738:
3623:
3578:
2892:"Scientific Committee, March 28, 1893: The Antiquity of the Citron in Egypt"
2786:"Scientific Committee, March 28, 1893: The Antiquity of the Citron in Egypt"
2159:
1654:
1536:
1436:
1376:
1143:
822:
768:
589:
523:
5253:
4519:
3314:
3306:
3193:
2493:
2416:
2288:
2186:
Chambers's Encyclopedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People
617:, as being responsible for the spread of the citron westward, reaching the
5188:
2241:
1661:. The worship is thought to stem from the belief that it is a favorite of
5248:
4892:
4804:
4610:
4590:
4585:
4559:
4539:
4301:
4281:
4195:
4190:
3958:
3893:
3843:
3763:
3618:
3563:
3550:
1682:
1621:
1505:
1420:
944:
663:
614:
578:
549:
There is molecular evidence that most cultivated citrus species arose by
172:
139:
2474:
2445:
1591:
1427:, some varieties of citron (collectively referred to as "Narthangai" in
375:
5061:
4978:
4615:
4544:
4296:
4205:
4182:
4008:
3988:
3953:
3828:
3678:
3643:
3603:
3472:
3444:
2373:
1863:
1709:
1548:
1525:
1501:
1444:
1432:
1402:
1384:
1359:
1342:
1214:
1005:
969:
887:
871:
860:
792:
780:
708:
581:. It is the male parent of any citrus hybrid rather than a female one.
566:
447:
5087:
3175:
3033:
L.) using simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms"
2583:
2408:
4595:
4018:
3968:
3938:
3928:
3918:
3808:
3788:
3778:
3753:
3733:
3728:
3708:
3683:
3638:
3492:
3435:
3084:"A review on citron-pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and medicinal uses"
2148:
AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean
1783:
1581:
1577:
1544:
1517:
1286:
1163:
1153:
959:
875:
818:
814:
796:
733:
with the leaves and thorns that are common to all varieties of citron
622:
618:
554:
513:
460:(and the former of 'toronja' and 'toranja', which today describe the
443:
413:
326:
182:
152:
4869:
2203:
The Search for the Authentic Citron: Historic and Genetic Analysis;
1616:
has sections that separate into finger-like parts and is used as an
2575:
2365:
1050:
5009:
3521:
3207:
1867:
1761:
1745:
1699:
1694:
1633:
1613:
1590:
1572:
1565:
1440:
1356:
1348:
1274:
1209:
1015:
995:
964:
954:
seeds. The seeds are white with dark inner coats and red-purplish
940:
917:
907:
755:
724:
701:
668:
638:
626:
585:
533:
518:
388:
346:
100:
5100:
1528:(the outermost, pigmented layer of rind) was also regarded as an
446:
and introduced into Spain and Portugal after their occupation by
361:
The fruit's English name "citron" derives ultimately from Latin,
333:. It is said to resemble a 'huge, rough lemon'. It is one of the
4058:
1662:
1388:
1387:, but the most important part is still the inner rind (known as
1262:
1088:
1058:
1026:
1023:
788:
784:
776:
760:
512:". The citron plays an important role in the harvest holiday of
4996:
4873:
3408:
1923:. In Talon, Manuel; Caruso, Marco; Gmitter, Fred G Jr. (eds.).
700:, approximately 3,500 years ago. Citron was also cultivated in
2120:(nedersland ed.). Amsterdam: Mousault. pp. 76, 161.
1419:
In Iran the citron's thick white rind is used to make jam; in
4815:
University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
577:, which results in their displaying a high degree of genetic
2145:. In Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo (eds.).
1408:
The dozens of varieties of citron are collectively known as
337:
from which all other citrus types developed through natural
3156:"The Extraction of Pectin from the Fruit Rind of the Lime (
2826:
10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0502:tiocct]2.0.co;2
2770:
The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons, Etc. of India and Ceylon
1915:
Ollitrault, Patrick; Curk, Franck; Krueger, Robert (2020).
828:
This tree, as has been remarked, grows in Media and Persia.
795:
and brings up the poison. It is also useful to improve the
450:
in AD 711, whence the latter became the source of the name
2985:
Le livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam (kitab-al-felahah)
412:, the same name used also to indicate the coniferous tree
3404:
688:
said he had identified it depicted on the walls of the
2676:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 424.
2154:. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. pp. 29–48.
2083:
1423:
the fruit is used to make jam but is also pickled; in
673:
Ancient mosaic of Tiberian Synagogue depicting citrons
3067:. University of California, Riverside. Archived from
2890:
Britain), Royal Horticultural Society (Great (1894).
2784:
Britain), Royal Horticultural Society (Great (1894).
2670:
Marion Eugene Ensminger; Audrey H. Ensminger (1993).
2648:. University of California, Riverside. Archived from
2444:
Frederick G.; Rokhsar, Daniel; Talon, Manuel (2018).
1677:
For many centuries, citron's fragrant essential oil (
1439:, heralikayi (citron) is used to make lemon rice. In
437:
431:
1648:
906:, contains an article on citron tree cultivation in
4882:
4750:
4684:
4629:
4568:
4507:
4475:
4430:
4401:
4349:
4327:
4314:
4255:
4214:
4204:
4181:
4153:
4115:
4067:
3547:
3506:
3442:
2198:
2196:
1324:are known citron hybrids. Some claim that even the
802:The seed is removed from the fruit and sown in the
4810:University of California Citrus Experiment Station
1372:Citron is a regularly used item in Asian cuisine.
553:of a small number of ancestral types: the citron,
546:The citron is an old and original citrus species.
395:. Indeed, into the 16th century, the English term
2189:. London: W. and R. Chambers. p. 55, vol. 3.
1000:A pure citron of any kind has a large portion of
719:The following description on citron was given by
601:(north of Mazandarn and Gilan) on its way to the
592:. It is thought that by the 4th century BC, when
538:Map of inferred original wild ranges of the main
442:('bitter orange'). Both names were borrowed into
420:referred to the wood of a North African cypress,
3341:Food in China: A Cultural and Historical Inquiry
2621:Food in China: a cultural and historical inquiry
2595:
2593:
2052:Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Middle-East
1355:are primarily peeled to consume their pulpy and
950:Most citron varieties contain a large number of
482:
476:
1435:) are widely used in pickles and preserves. In
1401:and is widely employed in the food industry as
2701:. In Giovanni Dugo; Angelo Di Giacomo (eds.).
1535:The juice of the citron has a high content of
1405:, as it is known when it is candied in sugar.
365:, which is also the origin of the genus name.
3420:
1463:A citron halved and depulped, cooked in sugar
1234:
984:cause numerous fungal diseases for the tree.
588:, in valleys at the foothills of the eastern
407:
8:
3391:University of California- "Citrus Diversity"
3346:Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Eliezer E. Goldschmidt,
1570:The citron (the word for which in Hebrew is
499:
391:; whereas the French word for the citron is
3022:
3020:
1858:Bijora - Citron fruit for sale at Bhujpur,
1297:. The pulpless varieties also include some
1004:, which is important for the production of
902:'s 12th-century agricultural encyclopedia,
4870:
4324:
4211:
3427:
3413:
3405:
2896:Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society
2790:Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society
1397:), which is a fairly important article in
1241:
1227:
1035:
542:cultivars, and selected relevant wild taxa
62:
43:
34:
3183:
3048:
2824:
2483:
2473:
2446:"Genomics of the origin and evolution of
1695:Archaeological finds of citrons in Israel
1547:) which can be extracted from the thick
1328:is not pure citron, but a citron hybrid.
926:of Italian origin, showing the thick rind
2936:John Bostock; H. T. Riley, eds. (1855).
2438:
2436:
2434:
1416:, where it is the primary citrus fruit.
779:of the tree; and the fruit is put among
2084:"Home : Oxford English Dictionary"
1898:
1719:
1453:
1196:
1132:
1111:
1086:
1057:
1038:
639:Etrog § Historic cultivation areas
3453:Australian and Papuan wild limes group
2515:. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard.
1508:times, the citron was used mainly for
1375:Today the citron is also used for the
3295:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2183:Chambers, William and Robert (1862).
1665:, Hindu god of death, and his sister
1580:during the Jewish harvest holiday of
7:
5176:46d0f52a-a41f-440c-ada3-c5e608320173
4852:
2938:The Natural History. Pliny the Elder
1730:In a German market, for culinary use
5300:IUCN Red List least concern species
874:grandees employ in seasoning their
704:as early as the 3rd millennium BC.
500:
2877:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2673:Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia
2537:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1933:10.1016/B978-0-12-812163-4.00004-8
1576:) is used by Jews for a religious
1308:There are also a number of citron
1289:. The sweet varieties include the
696:, which dates back to the time of
475:Dutch merchants seasonally import
416:. Similarly, in Latin, citrus, or
14:
2103:. plantlives.com. 2 October 2021.
939:or oblong, narrowing towards the
856:however, no further description.
845:. The following is from his book
4851:
4840:
4839:
4828:
4827:
2269:Theoretical and Applied Genetics
2230:Theoretical and Applied Genetics
1875:
1850:
1833:
1819:
1805:
1791:
1770:
1753:
1736:
1722:
1483:
1478:, a citron soft drink from Italy
1468:
1456:
1049:
825:, in pots punctured with holes.
609:and his armies as they attacked
504:); in Yiddish, it is pronounced
87:
5241:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:59603-2
3333:Citrus Fruits and Their Culture
2740:Citrus Fruits and Their Culture
2397:Cytogenetic and Genome Research
387:refers to what in English is a
2807:Ramón-Laca, L. (Winter 2003).
1975:. World Flora Consortium. 2022
1612:A variety of citron native to
813:And it bears its fruit at all
373:A source of confusion is that
1:
4092:Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
3050:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.004
3029:"Genetic analysis of citron (
2940:. London: Taylor and Francis.
2618:Frederick J. Simoons (1990).
2335:10.1016/j.scienta.2004.01.003
1969:L. Sp. Pl. : 782 (1753)"
837:Citron was also described by
656:
4530:Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
3270:"Decoding Bhai Tika symbols"
3132:. Jain World. Archived from
2697:Francesco Calabrese (2003).
2060:10.1007/978-94-017-9276-9_10
2018:The Oxford Companion to Food
1927:. Elsevier. pp. 57–81.
935:The citron fruit is usually
487:– Indonesian word for love,
379:' in French and English are
3357:Origin of Cultivated Plants
3244:"बिमिरो पूजासँगै खाउँ पनि!"
2926:"Chap. 31.—The Citron-Tree"
2773:. W. H. Allen. p. 255.
2215:September 21, 2008, at the
1705:Gallery of Fingered citrons
1653:) is worshipped during the
1649:
783:, it keeps them from being
438:
432:
5376:
5335:Fruits originating in Asia
3012:Un curieux Cedrat marocain
2743:. Read Books. p. 59.
2624:. CRC Press. p. 200.
1999:Collins English Dictionary
1827:Unknown citron type in pot
1605:
1563:
1340:
636:
494:In Hebrew it is called an
406:In Italian it is known as
25:
18:
4823:
4737:Johann Christoph Volkamer
4446:Orange-flowered oxanthera
3869:Myrtle-leaved orange tree
3859:Midknight Valencia Orange
2281:10.1007/s00122-006-0255-9
2015:(2014). Tom Jaine (ed.).
1641:
1520:and other disorders. The
1510:supposed medical purposes
914:Description and variation
561:and, to a lesser extent,
477:
235:
228:
211:
204:
84:Scientific classification
82:
60:
51:
42:
37:
5345:Medicinal plants of Asia
3154:Frederick Hardy (1924).
2705:. CRC Press. p. 4.
2703:Citrus: The Citrus Genus
2117:Nuttige Planten In Kleur
1700:Gallery of Etrog citrons
569:. The citron is usually
26:Not to be confused with
4722:Walter Tennyson Swingle
4702:Lena B. Smithers Hughes
4393:Brown River finger lime
3400:David Karp (pomologist)
3088:The Journal of Pharmacy
2930:Perseus Digital Library
2737:H. Harold Hume (2007).
2160:10.4000/books.pcjb.2107
1414:Bangladesh, West Bengal
666:aspects of the citron.
530:Origin and distribution
21:Citron (disambiguation)
16:Species of citrus plant
4697:Robert Willard Hodgson
4388:Australian finger lime
3904:Palestinian sweet lime
3884:New Zealand grapefruit
3370:USDA Plants Profile –
3354:Alphonse de Candolle,
3338:Frederick J. Simoons,
3037:Scientia Horticulturae
2858:3.83.d-f); cf. Vergil
2323:Scientia Horticulturae
1799:A wild citron in India
1598:
1265:varieties include the
1008:
927:
892:
830:
773:Cotoneaster pyracantha
734:
674:
543:
483:
428:Indo-Iranian languages
423:Tetraclinis articulata
408:
335:original citrus fruits
325:, is a large fragrant
5340:Garden plants of Asia
5325:Four species (Sukkot)
4795:List of citrus fruits
4368:Australian round lime
4034:Variegated pink lemon
3268:Nasana (2016-10-29).
3224:citrusvariety.ucr.edu
3110:citrusvariety.ucr.edu
2242:10.1007/s001220051419
1594:
1257:Varieties and hybrids
999:
921:
853:
736:
728:
672:
660: 2nd century AD
537:
383:, as the French word
4451:Large-leaf oxanthera
4363:New Guinea wild lime
3396:Buddha's Hand citron
3307:10.1093/jac/47.5.565
2980:Ibn al-'Awwam, Yaḥyá
2699:"Origin and history"
2607:. Purdue University.
2114:Hvass, Else (1965).
1586:Feast of Tabernacles
1431:and "Heralikayi" in
1425:South Indian cuisine
765:Pyrus amygdaliformis
645:Feast of Tabernacles
19:For other uses, see
4759:The Citrus Industry
4742:Herbert John Webber
4601:Orange flower water
4456:Wavy-leaf oxanthera
3654:Fairchild tangerine
3274:The Himalayan Times
3164:Biochemical Journal
3158:Citrus medica acida
3002:–297 (Article XXIX)
2968:. Tufts University.
2954:. Tufts University.
2932:. Tufts University.
2550:Inquiry into Plants
2475:10.1038/nature25447
2466:2018Natur.554..311W
2210:(7):1963–1968. 2005
1744:In fruit market of
1399:international trade
904:Book on Agriculture
607:Alexander the Great
603:Mediterranean basin
329:fruit with a thick
287:Citrus limonimedica
54:Conservation status
4800:Mother Orange Tree
4462:Oxanthera brevipes
4422:Clymenia polyandra
4417:Clymenia platypoda
4378:Maiden's wild lime
4373:Russell River lime
4125:Cleopatra mandarin
3984:Smith Red Valencia
3704:Indian wild orange
3378:2015-09-24 at the
3065:"Website Disabled"
2913:Historia plantarum
2864:Naturalis historia
2848:Historia plantarum
2564:Economic Geography
1973:World Flora Online
1883:Citron growing in
1710:Candied Fruit Peel
1599:
1301:varieties and the
1112:Pulpless varieties
1014:is a slow-growing
1009:
928:
924:citron-like hybrid
843:nata Assyria malus
753:like those of the
735:
675:
621:countries such as
613:and what is today
544:
5287:
5286:
5197:Open Tree of Life
4876:Taxon identifiers
4867:
4866:
4780:Cold-hardy citrus
4765:Citrus production
4499:Trifoliate orange
4471:
4470:
4439:
4410:
4356:
4334:
4310:
4309:
4222:Hong Kong kumquat
4168:Mountain "citron"
4145:Willowleaf orange
3894:Orangelo/Chironja
3839:Melanesian papeda
3659:Florentine citron
3540:
3387:Purdue University
3349:Biology of Citrus
3248:shikshakmasik.com
3176:10.1042/bj0180283
2862:2.126-135; Pliny
2726:Biology of Citrus
2485:20.500.11939/5741
2460:(7692): 311–316.
2409:10.1159/000082410
2354:Botanical Gazette
2069:978-94-017-9275-2
2028:978-0-19-967733-7
1647:
1326:Florentine citron
1251:
1250:
1149:Florentine citron
746:Arbutus andrachne
339:hybrid speciation
309:
308:
303:
295:
283:
271:
262:
248:
77:
5367:
5350:Ornamental trees
5280:
5279:
5267:
5266:
5257:
5256:
5244:
5243:
5231:
5230:
5218:
5217:
5205:
5204:
5192:
5191:
5179:
5178:
5169:
5168:
5156:
5155:
5143:
5142:
5130:
5129:
5117:
5116:
5104:
5103:
5091:
5090:
5078:
5077:
5065:
5064:
5052:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5026:
5025:
5013:
5012:
5000:
4999:
4987:
4986:
4974:
4973:
4961:
4960:
4948:
4947:
4938:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4871:
4855:
4854:
4843:
4842:
4831:
4830:
4770:Citrus rootstock
4727:Chōzaburō Tanaka
4685:Citrus botanists
4535:Grapefruit juice
4437:
4408:
4383:Mount White lime
4354:
4332:
4325:
4320:wild limes group
4256:Kumquat hybrids
4212:
4117:Mandarin oranges
3964:Satsuma mandarin
3724:Jamaican tangelo
3534:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3406:
3330:H. Harold Hume,
3319:
3318:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3024:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2934:excerpting from
2933:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2765:Emmanuel Bonavia
2761:
2755:
2754:
2734:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2477:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2403:(1–3): 276–282.
2392:
2386:
2385:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2299:. Archived from
2275:(8): 1519–1531.
2260:
2254:
2253:
2236:(8): 1155–1166.
2225:
2219:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1925:The Citrus Genus
1912:
1906:
1903:
1879:
1854:
1837:
1823:
1809:
1795:
1774:
1764:citrons and leaf
1757:
1740:
1726:
1657:ceremony during
1652:
1646:romanized:
1645:
1643:
1487:
1472:
1460:
1295:Moroccan citrons
1243:
1236:
1229:
1197:Related articles
1053:
1036:
895:Medieval authors
841:, who called it
791:; it upsets the
729:Illustration of
690:botanical garden
661:
658:
575:self-pollination
503:
502:
486:
480:
479:
441:
435:
411:
321:), historically
301:
289:
279:
269:
254:
242:
217:
92:
91:
71:
66:
65:
47:
35:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5275:
5270:
5262:
5260:
5252:
5247:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5213:
5208:
5200:
5195:
5187:
5184:Observation.org
5182:
5174:
5172:
5164:
5159:
5151:
5146:
5138:
5133:
5125:
5120:
5112:
5107:
5099:
5094:
5086:
5081:
5073:
5068:
5060:
5055:
5047:
5042:
5034:
5029:
5021:
5016:
5008:
5003:
4995:
4990:
4982:
4977:
4969:
4964:
4956:
4951:
4943:
4941:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4878:
4868:
4863:
4819:
4790:Japanese citrus
4775:Citrus taxonomy
4746:
4732:Ikuro Takahashi
4707:David Mabberley
4680:
4625:
4576:Calcium citrate
4564:
4515:Calamansi juice
4503:
4481:
4479:
4467:
4438:(former genera)
4436:
4426:
4409:(former genera)
4407:
4397:
4355:(former genera)
4353:
4345:
4333:(former genera)
4331:
4319:
4317:
4306:
4263:Citrofortunella
4257:
4251:
4247:Malayan kumquat
4242:Jiangsu kumquat
4215:Kumquat species
4200:
4177:
4149:
4111:
4107:Yemenite citron
4102:Moroccan citron
4087:Diamante citron
4082:Corsican citron
4063:
4029:Valencia orange
3924:Ponderosa lemon
3794:Kobayashi mikan
3664:Forbidden fruit
3614:Cara cara navel
3574:Bergamot orange
3549:
3548:True and hybrid
3543:
3502:
3498:Ryukyu mandarin
3488:Mountain citron
3478:Mandarin orange
3438:
3433:
3380:Wayback Machine
3366:
3327:
3325:Further reading
3322:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3137:
3130:"Bijora Pickle"
3128:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2856:Deipnosophistae
2846:
2842:
2813:Economic Botany
2806:
2805:
2801:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2306:
2304:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2217:Wayback Machine
2201:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2151:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2098:"Citrus medica"
2096:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2029:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1943:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1843:Corsican citron
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1691:
1675:
1630:
1610:
1604:
1596:Fingered citron
1568:
1562:
1557:
1551:of the citron.
1498:
1491:
1488:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1461:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1314:ponderosa lemon
1312:; for example,
1303:Yemenite citron
1271:Diamante citron
1259:
1247:
1205:Citrus taxonomy
1169:Ponderosa lemon
1125:Yemenite citron
1120:Fingered citron
1104:Moroccan citron
1099:Corsican citron
1074:Diamante citron
1061:-pulp varieties
994:
933:
916:
897:
848:Natural History
839:Pliny the Elder
835:
833:Pliny the Elder
731:fingered citron
717:
659:
641:
635:
532:
522:(fronds of the
472:respectively).
430:, it is called
371:
369:Other languages
359:
302:(Wester) Tanaka
277:Citrus fragrans
224:
219:
213:
200:
86:
78:
67:
63:
56:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5373:
5371:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5315:Essential oils
5312:
5307:
5302:
5292:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:wfo-0000608140
5268:
5258:
5245:
5232:
5219:
5206:
5193:
5180:
5170:
5157:
5144:
5131:
5118:
5105:
5092:
5079:
5066:
5053:
5040:
5027:
5014:
5001:
4988:
4975:
4962:
4949:
4939:
4929:
4919:
4904:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4849:
4837:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4754:
4752:
4751:Related topics
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4712:Clément Rodier
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4692:Clara H. Hasse
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
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4608:
4603:
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4593:
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4570:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
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4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4489:
4487:
4477:Related genera
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4163:Celebes papeda
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4049:Xã Đoài orange
4046:
4041:
4039:Volkamer lemon
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:Pixie mandarin
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:Lemonade fruit
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:Kinkoji unshiu
3771:
3766:
3761:
3759:Kawachi bankan
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3699:Imperial lemon
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Kumquats group
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3365:
3364:External links
3362:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3301:(5): 565–573.
3285:
3260:
3235:
3211:
3199:
3170:(2): 283–290.
3146:
3121:
3097:
3074:
3071:on 2008-03-08.
3056:
3016:
3014:, Chapot 1950.
3004:
2971:
2957:
2943:
2917:
2905:
2882:
2868:
2840:
2819:(4): 502–514.
2799:
2776:
2756:
2749:
2729:
2718:
2711:
2689:
2682:
2662:
2637:
2630:
2610:
2589:
2576:10.2307/142080
2554:
2542:
2528:
2521:
2499:
2430:
2387:
2366:10.1086/335173
2360:(4): 602–611.
2340:
2329:(2): 233–242.
2313:
2255:
2220:
2192:
2175:
2168:
2133:
2126:
2106:
2089:
2075:
2068:
2042:
2027:
2013:Davidson, Alan
2004:
1986:
1956:
1941:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1813:Citron flowers
1812:
1811:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1760:
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1728:
1721:
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1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1679:oil of cedrate
1674:
1671:
1636:, the citron (
1629:
1626:
1606:Main article:
1603:
1600:
1564:Main article:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1467:
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1462:
1455:
1341:Main article:
1338:
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1255:
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1248:
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1245:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:Volkamer lemon
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1045:
993:
990:
956:chalazal spots
932:
929:
915:
912:
896:
893:
834:
831:
767:Vill.) or the
716:
713:
634:
631:
531:
528:
370:
367:
358:
355:
341:or artificial
307:
306:
305:
304:
299:Citrus odorata
296:
284:
273:
263:
252:Citrus bicolor
249:
233:
232:
226:
225:
220:
209:
208:
202:
201:
197:C. medica
194:
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188:
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176:
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166:
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143:
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98:
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93:
80:
79:
61:
58:
57:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5372:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:False friends
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4915:
4914:Citrus medica
4909:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4884:Citrus medica
4881:
4877:
4872:
4860:
4859:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Round kumquat
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Meiwa kumquat
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4173:Ichang papeda
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Balady citron
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:Sweet limetta
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Rhobs el Arsa
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Nagpur orange
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Limón de Pica
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Bitter orange
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Mangshanyegan
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3463:Ichang papeda
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:Citrus medica
3368:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3261:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3147:
3136:on 2016-12-20
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:Citrus medica
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2750:9781406781564
2746:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2712:9780203216613
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2683:9780849389818
2679:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2652:on 2015-06-08
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2631:9780849388040
2627:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2603:Citrus medica
2596:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2522:9782918887775
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2435:
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2303:on 2021-03-09
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2169:9782918887775
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1996:
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1974:
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1967:Citrus medica
1960:
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1942:9780128121634
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1608:Buddha's hand
1601:
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1583:
1579:
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1574:
1567:
1559:
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1542:
1541:dietary fiber
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:essential oil
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:Folk medicine
1495:
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1323:
1322:rhobs el Arsa
1319:
1315:
1311:
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1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:Balady citron
1280:
1276:
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1268:
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1179:Rhobs el Arsa
1177:
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1097:
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1090:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Balady citron
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Citrus medica
1007:
1003:
998:
991:
989:
985:
981:
979:
978:Buddha's hand
973:
971:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
952:monoembryonic
948:
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942:
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930:
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920:
913:
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905:
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900:Ibn al-'Awwam
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749:L.), but has
748:
747:
742:
732:
727:
723:
722:
714:
712:
710:
705:
703:
699:
698:Thutmosis III
695:
694:Karnak Temple
691:
687:
684:
683:archaeologist
680:
671:
667:
665:
662:, deals with
654:
653:Mishna Sukkah
650:
646:
640:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
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582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:hybridization
547:
541:
536:
529:
527:
525:
521:
520:
515:
511:
507:
497:
492:
490:
489:Citrus médica
485:
473:
471:
467:
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449:
445:
440:
436:, as against
434:
429:
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424:
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398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:false friends
378:
377:
368:
366:
364:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
343:hybridization
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:
318:Citrus medica
314:
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297:
293:
288:
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246:
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234:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
215:Citrus medica
210:
207:
206:Binomial name
203:
199:
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119:
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115:
114:Tracheophytes
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
90:
85:
81:
75:
70:
69:Least Concern
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4883:
4856:
4844:
4832:
4757:
4717:Robert Soost
4669:Phytophthora
4649:CTV/Tristeza
4555:Yuja-hwachae
4550:Orange juice
4492:
4483:
4460:
4431:
4402:
4350:
4328:
4287:Mandarinquat
4277:Citrangequat
4232:Oval kumquat
4097:Greek citron
4068:
3909:Persian lime
3769:Khasi papeda
3719:Jaffa orange
3634:Coorg orange
3594:Blood orange
3537:sweet orange
3457:
3371:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:
3263:
3252:. Retrieved
3247:
3238:
3227:. Retrieved
3223:
3214:
3202:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3149:
3138:. Retrieved
3134:the original
3124:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:
3100:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3069:the original
3059:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3011:
3007:
2984:
2974:
2960:
2946:
2937:
2929:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2739:
2732:
2721:
2702:
2692:
2672:
2665:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2640:
2620:
2613:
2602:
2570:(1): 71–78.
2567:
2563:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2531:
2512:
2502:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2305:. Retrieved
2301:the original
2272:
2268:
2258:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2207:
2204:
2185:
2178:
2147:
2136:
2116:
2109:
2092:
2078:
2051:
2045:
2017:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1972:
1966:
1959:
1924:
1918:
1910:
1901:
1678:
1676:
1631:
1611:
1571:
1569:
1534:
1499:
1490:Citron torte
1475:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1392:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1346:
1307:
1279:Greek citron
1260:
1252:
1174:Rangpur lime
1079:Greek citron
1039:
1011:
1010:
986:
982:
974:
963:
949:
934:
922:A citron or
903:
898:
884:qualmishness
880:
869:
865:
858:
854:
846:
842:
836:
827:
812:
808:transplanted
801:
772:
764:
754:
744:
740:
737:
721:Theophrastus
718:
715:Theophrastus
706:
686:Victor Loret
679:Egyptologist
676:
642:
594:Theophrastus
583:
579:homozygosity
548:
545:
539:
517:
516:paired with
509:
505:
495:
493:
488:
474:
458:rebracketing
451:
421:
405:
400:
396:
392:
384:
374:
372:
362:
360:
322:
317:
316:
312:
310:
298:
286:
276:
267:Citrus cedra
266:
251:
240:Citrus alata
239:
214:
212:
196:
195:
183:
146:
133:
120:
107:
32:
5330:Fruit trees
5215:kew-2724208
5148:NatureServe
5083:iNaturalist
4908:Wikispecies
4785:Hesperidium
4581:Citric acid
4351:Microcitrus
4341:Desert lime
4329:Eromocitrus
4292:Procimequat
4135:Nanfengmiju
4044:Winged lime
4024:Tsunonozomi
3999:Sweet lemon
3994:Suruga yuko
3979:Shonan Gold
3949:Rough lemon
3849:Meyer lemon
3784:Kishu mikan
3744:Kakadu lime
3669:Ginger lime
3569:Assam lemon
3468:Kaffir lime
3250:(in Nepali)
3106:"ponderosa"
3094:(1): 14–20.
3043:: 124–137.
2205:HortScience
1979:11 December
1885:Uttarakhand
1628:In Hinduism
1602:In Buddhism
1514:seasickness
1364:spoon sweet
1184:Rough lemon
599:Caspian Sea
418:thyine wood
127:Angiosperms
5294:Categories
5210:Plant List
4846:Production
4639:Black spot
4606:Orange oil
4318:and Papuan
4316:Australian
3694:Hyuganatsu
3689:Heen naran
3629:Clementine
3599:Byeonggyul
3589:Blood lime
3517:Grapefruit
3279:2024-03-05
3254:2022-10-26
3229:2022-06-06
3140:2016-08-23
3115:2022-06-06
2854:Athenaeus
2656:2008-05-04
2307:2018-12-04
2086:. oed.com.
1778:Citron or
1560:In Judaism
1530:antibiotic
1512:to combat
1449:fruitcakes
1347:While the
1267:Florentine
823:date palms
759:(the wild
649:Lev. 23:40
637:See also:
571:fertilized
470:Portuguese
462:grapefruit
163:Sapindales
5049:200012432
5036:200012432
4674:citricola
4664:Mal secco
4654:Exocortis
4482:properly
4433:Oxanthera
4272:Calamansi
4140:Tachibana
4014:Tangerine
3974:Shangjuan
3899:Oroblanco
3854:Micrantha
3739:Kaji Nemu
3624:Citrumelo
3579:Bizzarria
3551:cultivars
2994:780050566
2866:12.15,16.
2850:4.4.2–3 (
2601:"Citron:
2037:890807357
1995:"Cedrate"
1951:242819146
1921:taxonomy"
1894:Citations
1673:Perfumery
1655:Bhai Tika
1624:temples.
1555:Religious
1537:vitamin C
1437:Karnataka
1377:fragrance
1144:Bizzarria
1091:varieties
1043:varieties
769:firethorn
633:Antiquity
590:Himalayas
524:date palm
357:Etymology
349:and many
191:Species:
97:Kingdom:
5355:Perfumes
5254:28100004
5249:Tropicos
5153:2.128933
5140:62041221
5114:10456371
4893:Wikidata
4834:Category
4805:Orangery
4659:Greening
4631:Diseases
4611:Orangeat
4591:Limonene
4586:Lemonene
4569:Products
4560:Yuja tea
4540:Lemonade
4494:Poncirus
4480:(perhaps
4404:Clymenia
4302:Yuzuquat
4282:Limequat
4206:Kumquats
4196:Dangyuja
4191:Banpeiyu
4130:Shīkwāsā
3959:Sanbokan
3879:Nasnaran
3844:Melogold
3764:Key lime
3619:Citrange
3609:Cam sành
3564:Amanatsu
3385:"Citron"
3376:Archived
3315:11328766
3220:"buddha"
3194:16743304
2982:(1864).
2860:Georgics
2835:33447866
2767:(1888).
2646:"ethrog"
2494:29414943
2425:26046238
2417:15753587
2382:84015769
2289:16699791
2250:24057066
2213:Archived
1689:See also
1683:limonene
1622:Buddhist
1618:offering
1506:medieval
1504:through
1421:Pakistan
1360:segments
1337:Culinary
1299:fingered
1291:Corsican
1281:and the
1031:Petioles
872:Parthian
741:andrachn
664:halakhic
619:European
615:Pakistan
559:mandarin
456:through
393:'cédrat'
385:'citron'
247:) Tanaka
230:Synonyms
173:Rutaceae
169:Family:
140:Eudicots
74:IUCN 3.1
5101:59603-2
5062:3190157
4979:Ecocrop
4899:Q150064
4858:Commons
4616:Succade
4545:Limeade
4525:Curaçao
4297:Sunquat
4183:Pomelos
4155:Papedas
4069:Citrons
4009:Tangelo
3989:Sudachi
3954:Samuyao
3934:Rangpur
3889:Ōgonkan
3864:Murcott
3834:Mandora
3829:Mandelo
3804:Komikan
3679:Hassaku
3644:Dekopon
3604:Biasong
3509:hybrids
3445:species
3185:1259415
2915:1.13.4.
2552:4.iv.2.
2462:Bibcode
2374:2472147
2297:7667126
1864:Gujarat
1716:Gallery
1526:flavedo
1524:of the
1502:ancient
1476:Cedrata
1445:jaggery
1433:Kannada
1403:succade
1385:flavedo
1383:of its
1343:Succade
1310:hybrids
1215:Succade
1135:hybrids
1133:Citron
1022:at the
1006:succade
970:Judaism
968:use in
888:vinegar
876:ragouts
819:flowers
815:seasons
793:stomach
781:clothes
709:species
692:at the
567:kumquat
563:papedas
519:lulavim
506:"esrog"
466:Spanish
448:Muslims
376:'citron
323:cedrate
281:Salisb.
179:Genus:
159:Order:
101:Plantae
72: (
38:Citron
28:Citroën
5360:Sukkot
5310:Citrus
5305:Citron
5223:PLANTS
5202:798604
5189:133819
5173:NZOR:
5166:171251
5088:123356
5023:181684
4997:582203
4958:254497
4942:APDB:
4922:AoFP:
4644:Canker
4596:Neroli
4520:Chūhai
4508:Drinks
4484:Citrus
4019:Tangor
3969:Setoka
3939:Reikou
3929:Ponkan
3919:Pompia
3809:Laraha
3789:Kiyomi
3779:Kinnow
3754:Kanpei
3734:Kabosu
3729:Kabbad
3714:Jabara
3709:Iyokan
3684:Hebesu
3674:Haruka
3649:Encore
3639:Daidai
3559:Alemow
3532:Orange
3507:Major
3493:Pomelo
3458:Citron
3436:Citrus
3313:
3192:
3182:
2992:
2833:
2747:
2709:
2680:
2628:
2584:142080
2582:
2519:
2492:
2454:Nature
2448:Citrus
2423:
2415:
2380:
2372:
2350:Citrus
2295:
2287:
2248:
2166:
2124:
2066:
2035:
2025:
1949:
1939:
1919:Citrus
1784:Sicily
1780:hybrid
1650:bimiro
1642:बिमिरो
1638:Nepali
1584:, the
1582:Sukkot
1578:ritual
1549:albedo
1545:pectin
1518:scurvy
1394:albedo
1353:orange
1316:, the
1287:Israel
1277:, the
1263:acidic
1164:Pompia
1154:Kabbad
1089:acidic
1059:Acidic
1040:Citron
1020:spines
1002:albedo
960:styles
945:albedo
941:stylar
861:arbute
804:spring
797:breath
751:thorns
623:Greece
555:pomelo
540:Citrus
514:Sukkot
484:sukade
478:Sukade
453:orange
444:Arabic
439:naranj
433:turunj
401:citron
397:citron
363:citrus
347:lemons
327:citrus
313:citron
275:
272:
265:
260:Turpin
258:&
245:Tanaka
238:
184:Citrus
153:Rosids
5261:WoI:
5228:CIME3
5127:28886
5109:IRMNG
5075:10745
5018:EUNIS
5010:CIDME
4945:90374
4932:APA:
4208:group
3824:Lumia
3749:Kalpi
3522:Lemon
3443:True
3208:Etrog
2998:(pp.
2831:S2CID
2605:Linn"
2580:JSTOR
2421:S2CID
2378:S2CID
2370:JSTOR
2293:S2CID
2246:S2CID
2152:(PDF)
2101:(PDF)
1947:S2CID
1868:India
1860:Kutch
1762:Naxos
1746:Italy
1659:Tihar
1634:Nepal
1614:China
1573:etrog
1566:Etrog
1500:From
1441:Kutch
1429:Tamil
1357:juicy
1349:lemon
1318:lumia
1285:from
1275:Italy
1273:from
1210:Etrog
1159:Lumia
1027:axils
1016:shrub
992:Plant
965:etrog
937:ovate
931:Fruit
908:Spain
756:apios
702:Sumer
627:Italy
586:India
510:esreg
508:or "
501:אתרוג
496:etrog
426:. In
414:cedar
409:cedro
389:lemon
351:limes
292:Lush.
256:Poit.
147:Clade
134:Clade
121:Clade
108:Clade
5236:POWO
5161:NCBI
5135:IUCN
5122:ITIS
5096:IPNI
5070:GRIN
5057:GBIF
5005:EPPO
4971:VMLC
4953:BOLD
4935:3305
4925:1826
4621:Zest
4059:Yuzu
4054:Yūkō
3799:Koji
3527:Lime
3311:PMID
3206:See
3190:PMID
2990:OCLC
2852:exc.
2745:ISBN
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