155:. Although predominantly concerned with the planning of settlements and communities, urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people, and waste; the distribution of basic necessities such as water and electricity; a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance that actively contributes to reduction in CO
471:
696:'s "ladder of citizen participation" is often used by many urban planners and city governments to determine the degree of inclusivity or exclusivity of their urban planning. One main source of engagement between city officials and residents are city council meetings that are open to the residents and that welcome public comments. Additionally, in USA there are some federal requirements for citizen participation in government-funded infrastructure projects.
293:
5293:
4711:
4675:
4017:
3659:
278:
4700:
715:
3647:
55:
4687:
3681:
324:. Archaeologists studying the ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that were laid out at right angles in a grid pattern. The idea of a planned out urban area evolved as different civilizations adopted it. Beginning in the 8th century BCE, Greek city states primarily used orthogonal (or grid-like) plans.
407:
and uniformity began to surface in urban planning, and lasted until the 1970s. In 1933, Le
Corbusier presented the Radiant City, a city that grows up in the form of towers, as a solution to the problem of pollution and over-crowding. But many planners started to believe that the ideas of modernism in
679:
strain of political thinking argues in a similar vein that the government should not intrude in the political competition between different interest groups which decides how land is used. The traditional justification for urban planning has in response been that the planner does to the city what the
619:
An urban planner is a professional who works in the field of urban planning for the purpose of optimizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and infrastructure. They formulate plans for the development and management of urban and suburban areas. They typically analyze land use compatibility
344:
many new cities were enlarged with newly planned extensions. From the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban design and the people that were involved. In this period, theoretical treatises on architecture and urban planning start to appear in which theoretical questions around planning the
203:
to achieve strategic, policy and sustainability goals. Early urban planners were often members of these cognate fields though today, urban planning is a separate, independent professional discipline. The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as
478:
Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning. There are eight procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of planning procedure today: the rational-comprehensive
339:
subsequently spread the ideas of urban planning. As the Roman Empire declined, these ideas slowly disappeared. However, many cities in Europe still held onto the planned Roman city center. Cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th centuries, often grew organically and sometimes chaotically. But in the
1605:
Codes, rules, and standards are part of a matrix of relations that influence the practice of urban planning and design. These forms of regulation provide an important and inescapable framework for development, from the laying out of subdivisions to the control of stormwater runoff. The subject of
555:
In order to predict how cities will develop and estimate the effects of their interventions, planners use various models. These models can be used to indicate relationships and patterns in demographic, geographic, and economic data. They might deal with short-term issues such as how people move
691:
Another debate within the urban planning field is about who is included and excluded in the urban planning decision-making process. Most urban planning processes use a top-down approach which fails to include the residents of the places where urban planners and city officials are working.
159:
emissions as well as protecting heritage structures and built environments. Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes.
479:
approach, the incremental approach, the transactive approach, the communicative approach, the advocacy approach, the equity approach, the radical approach, and the humanist or phenomenological approach. Some other conceptual planning theories include
683:
The widely adopted consensus-building model of planning, which seeks to accommodate different preferences within the community has been criticized for being based upon, rather than challenging, the power structures of the community. Instead,
144:'s writings on legal and political perspectives to emphasize the interests of residents, businesses and communities effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning.
442:
to incorporate geographic areas within the city that allow for novel business development and the prioritization of infrastructure that would assist with improving the quality of life of citizens by extending their potential lifespan.
620:
as well as economic, environmental, and social trends. In developing any plan for a community (whether commercial, residential, agricultural, natural or recreational), urban planners must consider a wide array of issues including
647:
The importance of the urban planner is increasing in the 21st century, as modern society begins to face issues of increased population growth, climate change and unsustainable development. An urban planner could be considered a
1606:
regulations leads to the source of how communities are designed and constructed—defining how they can and can't be built—and how codes, rules, and standards continue to shape the physical space where we live and work.
433:
predicted in 2018 that around 2.5 billion more people occupy urban areas by 2050 according to population elements of global migration. New planning theories have adopted non-traditional concepts such as
450:. London began to charge a congestion charge for cars trying to access already crowded places in the city. Cities nowadays stress the importance of public transit and cycling by adopting such policies.
659:", adapted to their cities and cultures. However, professionals have identified skills, abilities, and basic knowledge sets that are common to urban planners across regional and national boundaries.
136:, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities. Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental
368:
Planning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at the turn of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of the 19th century grew at a tremendous rate. The evils of urban life for the
328:(498–408 BC), the ancient Greek architect and urban planner, is considered to be "the father of European urban planning", and the namesake of the "Hippodamian plan" (grid plan) of city layout.
2252:
734:
430:
566:
and other regulations dovetail with urban planning by governing how cities are constructed and used from the individual level. Enforcement methodologies include governmental
1172:
Van Assche, K.; Beunen, R.; Duineveld, M.; & de Jong, H. (2013). "Co-evolutions of planning and design: Risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems".
4749:
506:
is an urban planning approach that involves the entire community in the planning process. Participatory planning in the United States emerged during the 1960s and 1970s.
384:
that championed intervention on the part of the poor and disadvantaged. Around 1900, theorists began developing urban planning models to mitigate the consequences of the
3491:
345:
main lines, ensuring plans meet the needs of the given population and so forth are addressed and designs of towns and cities are described and depicted. During the
2424:
2206:
4836:
1299:
The foundation, planning and building of new towns in the 13th and 14th centuries in Europe. An architectural-historical research into urban form and its creation
3147:
850:
195:
and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings and other urban areas. Urban planners work with the cognate fields of civil engineering,
520:
Technical aspects of urban planning involve the application of scientific, technical processes, considerations and features that are involved in planning for
2370:
140:
that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people, maintaining sustainability standards. Similarly, in the early 21st century,
335:
also used orthogonal plans for their cities. City planning in the Roman world was developed for military defense and public convenience. The spread of the
590:
552:, identifying transportation patterns, recognizing food supply demands, allocating healthcare and social services, and analyzing the impact of land use.
4879:
4054:
3438:
2325:
4846:
4766:
2719:
2511:
388:, by providing citizens, especially factory workers, with healthier environments. The following century would therefore be globally dominated by a
5063:
2329:
227:
Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or
1813:
4742:
425:
Urban planners studying the effects of increasing congestion in urban areas began to address the externalities, the negative impacts caused by
3538:
2441:
2305:
2157:
2056:
1844:
1647:
1618:
1589:
1377:
1149:
1068:
1032:
930:
396:
5224:
3471:
1835:
Friedman, John (2012). "Varieties of
Planning Experience: Toward a Globalized Planning Culture?". In Weber, Rachel; Crane, Randall (eds.).
1639:
1307:
147:
Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work, and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban,
560:(GIS) that is used to create a model of the existing planning and then to project future impacts on the society, economy and environment.
2790:
515:
1186:
1110:
3719:
2935:
1093:
411:
In the second half of the 20th century, urban planners gradually shifted their focus to individualism and diversity in urban centers.
362:
4735:
2211:
1250:
2190:
Knox, P. L. (2020) Better by Design?: Architecture, Urban
Planning, and the Good City. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Publishing. DOI:
2541:
790:
1462:
Whittemore, Andrew H. (2014). "Practitioners
Theorize, Too Reaffirming Planning Theory in a Survey of Practitioners' Theories".
5184:
4627:
3779:
3548:
3316:
3187:
2742:
2387:
2362:
41:"Development planning" redirects here. For proposals setting out a local authority's policies and proposals for land use, see
4584:
4238:
4079:
3543:
3431:
2813:
2592:
2297:
297:
4191:
4047:
3990:
3276:
557:
46:
4532:
4442:
3426:
2892:
2785:
2747:
2504:
680:
engineer or architect does to the home, that is, make it more amenable to the needs and preferences of its inhabitants.
4084:
3767:
3507:
3486:
3461:
2257:
1609:
Ben-Joseph, Eran (2012). "Codes and
Standards in Urban Planning and Design". In Weber, Rachel; Crane, Randall (eds.).
996:
672:
354:
248:
2462:
4869:
4691:
3512:
3481:
2912:
2795:
2770:
2536:
1347:
484:
459:
286:
232:
4346:
4074:
3862:
3684:
3674:
2643:
2546:
2531:
2470:
1498:
805:
381:
309:
268:
4715:
4710:
4679:
4527:
4517:
4314:
4040:
3533:
3517:
3476:
3421:
3351:
3296:
3122:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2288:
910:
231:
as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings and public spaces.
5316:
4967:
4962:
4758:
4489:
4377:
4272:
3995:
3888:
3712:
3663:
3625:
3610:
3466:
3356:
2965:
2852:
2780:
2762:
2752:
2497:
820:
400:
221:
5122:
5091:
5043:
4917:
4599:
4319:
4147:
3850:
3833:
3669:
3605:
3361:
3083:
2920:
2729:
2637:
810:
800:
764:
668:
503:
395:
At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning began to be recognized as a separate profession. The
217:
196:
5012:
4957:
4942:
4927:
4811:
4789:
4522:
4512:
4474:
4447:
4409:
4382:
4292:
4201:
4120:
4110:
3895:
3580:
3391:
3197:
3137:
3032:
1506:
1445:
399:
was founded in 1899 and the first academic course in Great
Britain on urban planning was offered by the
325:
200:
2337:
470:
124:. Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of
1805:
187:
are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design,
65:– an example of a typical planned European industrial city founded in 1938 together with a shoemaking
5081:
4997:
4469:
4309:
4282:
4277:
4174:
4000:
3828:
3808:
3142:
3132:
3078:
2862:
2805:
2737:
1768:
1719:
1282:
Triumph of the City: How Our Best
Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier
621:
583:
392:
approach to urban planning, not representing an increment in the overall quality of the urban realm.
350:
346:
213:
117:
5244:
5141:
4972:
4859:
4649:
4643:
4569:
4484:
4429:
4304:
4169:
4115:
3818:
3801:
3162:
3099:
3073:
2882:
2867:
2395:
1280:
865:
815:
769:
739:
720:
676:
649:
571:
439:
420:
313:
224:. Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning.
188:
2280:
92:
in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and
5017:
4594:
4159:
3936:
3883:
3843:
3381:
3063:
2602:
2179:
2062:
2017:
1967:
1634:
Smit, Anneke; Valiante, Marcia (2015). "Introduction". In Smit, Anneke; Valiante, Marcia (eds.).
1562:
1479:
1205:
880:
774:
633:
594:
446:
Planning practices have incorporated policy changes to help address anthropogenic (human caused)
228:
605:
to collect data and extract useful information to help make informed urban planning decisions.
191:, policy recommendations, implementation and management. It is closely related to the field of
5259:
5219:
5101:
5096:
4977:
4564:
4559:
4547:
4542:
4414:
4404:
4324:
4267:
4211:
4021:
3823:
3757:
3752:
3705:
3575:
3401:
3206:
3026:
2857:
2847:
2775:
2711:
2664:
2632:
2607:
2597:
2572:
2215:
2171:
2163:
2153:
2052:
2009:
1959:
1840:
1786:
1737:
1643:
1614:
1585:
1554:
1373:
1303:
1246:
1155:
1145:
1089:
1064:
1028:
992:
925:
915:
870:
860:
855:
830:
656:
541:
483:'s The Three Magnets theory that he envisioned for the future of British settlement, also his
465:
321:
205:
164:
125:
1394:
5048:
4992:
4947:
4907:
4854:
4579:
4424:
4399:
4206:
4196:
4186:
3900:
3813:
3791:
3747:
3742:
3600:
3286:
2997:
2950:
2897:
2648:
2223:
2145:
2099:
2044:
2001:
1951:
1885:
1776:
1727:
1686:
1676:
1546:
1471:
1190:
1024:
890:
754:
744:
602:
529:
389:
259:
refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning.
42:
2374:
1580:
Landis, John D. (2012). "Modeling Urban
Systems". In Weber, Rachel; Crane, Randall (eds.).
292:
5204:
5174:
4932:
4864:
4826:
4794:
4784:
4589:
4356:
4351:
4164:
3931:
3762:
3630:
3590:
3336:
3291:
3221:
2945:
2940:
2247:
2197:
2137:
2121:
1519:
1060:
1020:
905:
845:
759:
693:
480:
172:
3261:
1419:
1772:
1723:
5297:
5209:
5199:
5194:
4982:
4937:
4922:
4897:
4892:
4704:
4464:
4459:
4216:
4137:
4132:
4063:
3968:
3948:
3905:
3838:
3341:
3321:
3301:
3281:
3271:
3266:
3211:
3108:
3104:
3093:
2925:
2902:
2842:
2141:
1663:
Luis B. Elvas; Miguel Nunes; Joao C. Ferreira; Bruno
Francisco; Jose A. Afonso (2024).
1228:
Hass-Klau, Carmen (2014). "Motorization and
Footpath Planning During the Third Reich."
1053:
950:
945:
795:
700:
556:
through cities, or long-term issues such as land use and growth. One such model is the
537:
488:
447:
426:
385:
349:, several European rulers ambitiously attempted to redesign capital cities. During the
240:
236:
180:
129:
109:
101:
58:
1955:
5310:
5254:
5214:
5086:
5022:
5007:
5002:
4830:
4779:
4655:
4611:
4574:
4504:
4479:
4389:
4287:
4233:
4228:
3973:
3958:
3855:
3786:
3651:
3620:
3615:
3585:
3396:
3346:
3251:
3182:
3172:
3157:
3088:
3042:
3021:
2982:
2955:
2695:
2654:
2242:
2201:
2183:
2129:
2066:
2021:
1990:"The politics of value in urban development: Valuing conflict in agonistic pluralism"
1483:
960:
935:
920:
900:
825:
729:
614:
598:
575:
563:
377:
373:
317:
184:
121:
113:
2449:
2399:
1566:
1342:
277:
5264:
5189:
5076:
5053:
4912:
4454:
4394:
4142:
4100:
3985:
3926:
3570:
3331:
3326:
3216:
3202:
3167:
3118:
3014:
2973:
2887:
2877:
2659:
940:
895:
840:
779:
549:
525:
492:
429:
from larger highway systems in western countries such as in the United States. The
369:
358:
336:
332:
256:
252:
192:
168:
35:
31:
2309:
1111:"3 urban planning trends that are changing how our cities will look in the future"
2125:
1241:
Davreu, Robert (1978). "Cities of Mystery: The Lost Empire of the Indus Valley".
5153:
4816:
4804:
4606:
4494:
4419:
4336:
4255:
4248:
4105:
3980:
3941:
3774:
3386:
3311:
3192:
3177:
3152:
3002:
2992:
1665:"Georeferenced Analysis of Urban Nightlife and Noise Based on Mobile Phone Data"
955:
341:
305:
304:
There is evidence of urban planning and designed communities dating back to the
244:
141:
137:
2149:
1781:
1756:
1755:
Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Warziniack, Travis; Kao, Shih-Chieh (June 2021).
1534:
5249:
5148:
5106:
4902:
4821:
4699:
4660:
4499:
4341:
4299:
4243:
3306:
2987:
2562:
2036:
1989:
1550:
1215:
875:
785:
749:
710:
152:
133:
105:
2416:
2219:
2175:
2088:"Neighborhood Defenders: Participatory Politics and America's Housing Crisis"
2048:
2013:
2005:
1963:
1790:
1741:
1732:
1707:
1558:
1475:
1159:
17:
5131:
4952:
4434:
4331:
4260:
4154:
4127:
3953:
3796:
3595:
3225:
3068:
2191:
1757:"Shifts in hydroclimatology of US megaregions in response to climate change"
629:
625:
579:
533:
435:
404:
272:
4727:
1706:
Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Warziniack, Travis; Sharvelle, Sybil (2021).
988:
655:
Some researchers suggest that urban planners, globally, work in different "
2354:
2227:
376:
style of government management of the economy, in fashion for most of the
54:
5179:
5118:
5071:
4887:
3878:
3728:
3047:
3037:
3009:
2977:
2930:
2669:
2587:
2582:
2474:
699:
Participatory urban planning has been criticized for contributing to the
521:
487:, the Concentric Model Zone also called the Burgess Model by sociologist
176:
97:
62:
1971:
1939:
1681:
1664:
714:
5239:
4987:
4774:
4181:
3127:
2103:
1369:
1210:
685:
548:, geographic mapping and analysis, analyzing park space, surveying the
66:
1691:
1297:
372:
were becoming increasingly evident as a matter of public concern. The
5279:
5038:
3230:
3113:
2577:
2261:
2087:
2086:
Einstein, Katherine Levine; Glick, David M.; Palmer, Maxwell (2020).
1911:
1365:
1139:
885:
688:
has been proposed as a framework for urban planning decision-making.
641:
567:
545:
209:
148:
93:
1636:
Public Interest, Private Property: Law and Planning Policy in Canada
69:
in which practically all adult inhabitants of the city were employed
1708:"Effects of Urban Development Patterns on Municipal Water Shortage"
1055:
Social Development: The Developmental Perspective in Social Welfare
597:, an increasing number of cities are adopting technologies such as
5274:
5229:
5158:
5136:
4032:
2872:
2167:
1266:. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, pp. 51–141: Morris, A. E. J. (1972).
835:
637:
491:, the Radburn Superblock that encourages pedestrian movement, the
469:
365:
into a more modern capital, with long, straight, wide boulevards.
291:
276:
53:
2489:
2433:
1860:
5234:
4799:
3921:
2567:
282:
30:"Urban development" redirects here. For actual development, see
4731:
4036:
3701:
2493:
1362:
British Town Planning and Urban Design: Principles and policies
4223:
1613:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 352–370.
1584:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 323–350.
408:
urban planning led to higher crime rates and social problems.
2266:
1839:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 87–98.
671:
argues that planning is unnecessary, or even harmful, as it
27:
Technical and political process of land use and urban design
3697:
1535:"Public Participation in Planning: an intellectual history"
163:
Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes
1323:
Jordan, David (1992). "Baron Haussmann and Modern Paris".
1245:. (second edition). Sydney: Reader's Digest. pp. 121–129.
296:
Berlin – Siegessäule. August 1963. Spacious and organized
2207:
Old Towns and New Needs; also the Town Extension Plan
1861:"American Institutes of Certified Planners Certification"
540:. Urban planning includes techniques such as: predicting
100:
and the built environment, including air, water, and the
431:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
300:
was official government policy dating back to Nazi rule.
1286:
New York: Penguin Press, p. 19, ISBN 978-1-59420-277-3.
735:
Aire de mise en valeur de l'architecture et du paysage
1914:. International Society of City and Regional Planners
1268:
History of Urban Form. Prehistory to the Renaissance
640:, land values, economic development, social equity,
5167:
5117:
5062:
5031:
4878:
4845:
4765:
4636:
4620:
4367:
4093:
3914:
3871:
3735:
3561:
3526:
3500:
3454:
3447:
3414:
3374:
3250:
3243:
3056:
2964:
2911:
2835:
2826:
2804:
2761:
2728:
2710:
2678:
2625:
2616:
2555:
1052:
1988:McAuliffe, Cameron; Rogers, Dallas (March 2019).
2336:. New York: Columbia University. Archived from
2043:, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 290–302,
1189:. American Planning Association. Archived from
132:, which included considerations of efficiency,
4743:
4048:
3713:
2505:
495:and the Multiple Nuclei Model among others.
45:. For planning for personal development, see
8:
2371:Harvard University Graduate School of Design
1499:"Town planning theories concept and models"
1360:Morris, Eleanor Smith; et al. (1997).
340:following centuries with the coming of the
4750:
4736:
4728:
4055:
4041:
4033:
3720:
3706:
3698:
3451:
3247:
2832:
2622:
2512:
2498:
2490:
2425:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
1464:Journal of Planning Education and Research
1302:. Phd. thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam.
591:information and communication technologies
251:in Paris planned cities from scratch, and
2326:Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library
2192:https://doi.org/10.21061/better-by-design
1806:"Ten Best Green Jobs for the Next Decade"
1780:
1731:
1690:
1680:
1046:
1044:
2720:Regional Planning Association of America
2251:) is being considered for deletion. See
1010:
1008:
1006:
973:
1515:
1504:
1204:Planetizen Courses (8 November 2019).
983:
981:
979:
977:
2442:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2306:University of California, Los Angeles
2037:""A Ladder of Citizen Participation""
1983:
1981:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1837:The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning
1761:Environmental Research Communications
1611:The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning
1582:The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning
1444:Whittmore, Andrew (2 February 2015).
931:Urban planning in communist countries
397:Town and Country Planning Association
7:
4686:
3680:
1940:"Arguments for and against Planning"
1640:University of British Columbia Press
1133:
1131:
999:from the original on 8 January 2008.
403:in 1909. In the 1920s, the ideas of
2791:Professional transportation planner
1816:from the original on 26 August 2012
1144:. Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
516:Technical aspects of urban planning
2134:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
1804:Kamenetz, Anya (14 January 2009).
1446:"How Planners Use Planning Theory"
474:Street Hierarchy and Accessibility
25:
2381:. Massachusetts: Harvard Library.
2273:Library guides for urban planning
2255:to help reach a consensus. ›
2212:Victoria University of Manchester
1956:10.3828/tpr.56.1.e8286q3082111km4
1533:Lane, Marcus B. (November 2005).
1497:Mohd Nazim Saifi (4 March 2017).
1395:"The Evolution of Urban Planning"
1393:Routley, Nick (20 January 2018).
1109:Pobiner, Joe (18 February 2020).
675:allows for effective land use. A
5291:
4709:
4698:
4685:
4674:
4673:
4016:
4015:
3679:
3658:
3657:
3645:
2035:Arnstein, Sherry (14 May 2020),
1890:Royal Institute of Town Planners
1017:Urban Planning Theory Since 1945
791:Index of urban planning articles
713:
380:, was starting to give way to a
5185:Residential cluster development
4628:List of social science journals
3780:Integrated landscape management
3188:Transferable development rights
2743:Environmental impact assessment
2450:"Urban & Regional Planning"
1938:Klosterman, Richard E. (1985).
1892:. Royal Town Planning Institute
1638:. Vancouver, British Columbia:
185:Practitioners of urban planning
4837:Shopping streets and districts
4585:Science and technology studies
2814:Community economic development
2593:Planning and zoning commission
2463:"Urban Studies & Planning"
2456:. USA: University of Michigan.
2434:"Urban Studies & Planning"
2388:"Urban Affairs & Planning"
1420:"Congestion Charge (Official)"
1115:Building Design + Construction
644:codes, and other legislation.
355:Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann
128:. The primary concern was the
1:
3991:Drainage system (agriculture)
2355:"Urban & Regional Policy"
2267:American Planning Association
1865:American Planning Association
558:Geographic Information System
47:Personal development planning
4963:Model dwellings for the poor
3427:Planning Accreditation Board
2786:Transit-oriented development
2748:Recreation resource planning
991:. School of Urban Planning,
775:Domestic travel restrictions
499:Participatory urban planning
363:redesigned the city of Paris
34:. For negative effects, see
3768:Sustainable land management
2375:"Urban Planning and Design"
2092:Political Science Quarterly
1230:The Pedestrian and the City
1141:Contemporary urban planning
5333:
3439:Professional organizations
2796:Urban freight distribution
2771:Transportation forecasting
2386:Hunter College Libraries.
2281:"Urban Planning Resources"
2150:10.4135/9781412965811.n316
1642:. pp. 1–36, page 10.
1243:The World's Last Mysteries
1088:. Routledge. p. 704.
612:
513:
463:
460:Theories of urban planning
457:
418:
266:
40:
29:
5288:
4669:
4070:
4011:
3863:Locally unwanted land use
3675:List of planning journals
3639:
2644:History of urban planning
2527:
2471:Portland State University
1551:10.1080/00049180500325694
1206:"What is Urban Planning?"
806:List of planning journals
624:, existing and potential
601:mobile phone sensing and
357:, under the direction of
269:History of urban planning
4759:Real estate developments
3611:Marine spatial planning
3123:Healthy community design
2701:Village design statement
2691:Preservation development
2686:Conservation development
2289:Arizona State University
2253:templates for discussion
2049:10.4324/9780429261732-36
2006:10.1177/1473095219831381
1944:The Town Planning Review
1886:"Professional standards"
1782:10.1088/2515-7620/ac0617
1733:10.3389/frwa.2021.694817
1476:10.1177/0739456X14563144
1279:Glaeser, Edward (2011).
1086:Encyclopedia of the City
989:"What is Urban Planning"
911:Urban planning education
589:With recent advances in
298:city planning in Germany
249:Georges-Eugene Haussmann
104:passing into and out of
4968:Multifamily residential
4273:international relations
3996:Sustainable agriculture
3889:Real estate development
3626:Real estate development
3357:List of urban theorists
2853:City Beautiful movement
2781:Rational planning model
2763:Transportation planning
2753:Sustainable development
1348:Encyclopædia Britannica
1296:Boerefijn, Wim (2010).
1051:Midgley, James (1999).
821:List of urban theorists
703:in parts of the world.
401:University of Liverpool
233:Pierre Charles L'Enfant
222:transportation planning
4918:Conservation community
4600:Quantum social science
3851:Developed environments
3834:Environmental planning
3748:Development/Conversion
3670:List of planned cities
3606:Landscape architecture
3362:List of urban planners
3084:Conservation community
2921:Collaborative planning
2730:Environmental planning
2638:Comprehensive planning
1514:Cite journal requires
1138:Levy, John M. (2017).
1015:Taylor, Nigel (1998).
811:List of urban planners
801:List of planned cities
765:Cycling infrastructure
669:neoclassical economics
663:Criticisms and debates
504:Participatory planning
475:
415:21st century practices
301:
289:
218:environmental planning
197:landscape architecture
70:
5013:Single-room occupancy
4958:Mixed-use development
4943:Intentional community
4928:Golf course community
4790:Mixed-use development
4637:Other categorizations
4490:International studies
4475:History of technology
4410:Communication studies
4293:public administration
3896:Land development bank
3581:Development economics
3432:Real estate education
3392:James Howard Kunstler
3317:Konstantinos Doxiadis
3198:Urban growth boundary
3138:Mixed-use development
3033:Intentional community
2136:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
1539:Australian Geographer
1264:Die Stadt im Altertum
1084:Caves, R. W. (2004).
613:Further information:
584:restrictive covenants
578:, as well as private
514:Further information:
473:
458:Further information:
326:Hippodamus of Miletus
320:civilizations in the
295:
280:
267:Further information:
235:in Washington, D.C.,
201:public administration
179:, social science and
118:distribution networks
57:
5082:Garden city movement
4998:Retirement community
4470:Historical sociology
4001:Land change modeling
3829:Rangeland management
3809:Illegal construction
3133:Leapfrog development
3079:Complete Communities
2936:Intelligent urbanism
2863:Garden city movement
2806:Economic development
2738:Environmental design
2415:University Library.
1424:Transport for London
1372:. pp. 147–149.
1341:Fainstein, Susan S.
1270:. London, pp. 22–23.
1262:Kolb, Frank (1984).
755:Circulation planning
632:including potential
572:planning permissions
440:Innovation Districts
351:Second French Empire
347:Enlightenment period
322:third millennium BCE
214:economic development
199:, architecture, and
5245:Planning permission
4988:Residential airpark
4973:Penthouse apartment
4860:Industrial district
4650:Geisteswissenschaft
4644:Behavioral sciences
4570:Political sociology
4485:Information science
4430:Development studies
3819:Land rehabilitation
3802:Habitat destruction
3539:Communist countries
3163:Planning Permission
3100:Filtering (housing)
3074:Cluster development
2883:Settlement movement
2868:Indigenous planning
2402:on 22 February 2014
2396:CUNY Hunter College
2144:. pp. 517–18.
1773:2021ERCom...3f5002H
1724:2021FrW.....394817H
1682:10.3390/app14010362
1218:on 30 October 2021.
1187:"What Is Planning?"
866:Road traffic safety
816:List of urban plans
770:Development studies
740:Behavioral urbanism
721:Architecture portal
421:Mobility transition
229:Greenfield projects
189:public consultation
5298:Housing portal
4870:Technology centers
4705:Society portal
4192:auxiliary sciences
3937:Soil contamination
3884:Subdivision (land)
3844:Watertable control
3422:Planning education
3382:Elizabeth Farrelly
3226:High-rise urbanism
3064:Affordable housing
2603:World Urbanism Day
2104:10.1002/polq.13035
1712:Frontiers in Water
1368:, Essex, England:
881:Street reclamation
595:Internet of Things
476:
302:
290:
287:G. T. von Chiewitz
281:1852 city plan of
71:
5304:
5303:
5260:Regional planning
5220:Land-use planning
5102:Urban green space
5097:Planned community
5032:Science/education
4978:Private community
4725:
4724:
4565:Political economy
4560:Political ecology
4415:Community studies
4405:Cognitive science
4368:Interdisciplinary
4268:Political science
4030:
4029:
3824:Landscape ecology
3695:
3694:
3652:Cities portal
3576:Civil engineering
3557:
3556:
3410:
3409:
3239:
3238:
3207:Peri-urbanisation
3027:Planned community
2858:Dark-sky movement
2848:Car-free movement
2822:
2821:
2776:Trip distribution
2712:Regional planning
2665:Urban green space
2633:Land-use planning
2608:Labor market area
2598:Growth management
2573:Metropolitan area
2394:. New York City:
2159:978-1-4129-6580-4
2058:978-0-429-26173-2
1846:978-0-19-537499-5
1649:978-0-7748-2931-1
1620:978-0-19-537499-5
1591:978-0-19-537499-5
1399:Visual Capitalist
1379:978-0-582-23496-3
1193:on 10 March 2015.
1176:, 12(2), 177–198.
1151:978-1-138-66638-2
1070:978-0-8039-7773-0
1034:978-0-7619-6093-5
993:McGill University
926:Urban informatics
916:Urban green space
871:Rural development
861:Regional planning
856:Planning cultures
831:Low emission zone
673:market efficiency
657:planning cultures
542:population growth
530:natural resources
510:Technical aspects
466:Planning cultures
206:land-use planning
165:civil engineering
126:human settlements
86:regional planning
16:(Redirected from
5324:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5049:Satellite campus
4993:Residential area
4948:Luxury apartment
4908:Closed community
4855:Business cluster
4752:
4745:
4738:
4729:
4713:
4703:
4702:
4689:
4688:
4677:
4676:
4580:Regional science
4425:Cultural studies
4400:Business studies
4057:
4050:
4043:
4034:
4019:
4018:
3901:Land (economics)
3814:Land reclamation
3792:Land consumption
3722:
3715:
3708:
3699:
3683:
3682:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3601:Land development
3452:
3287:Donald Appleyard
3248:
2998:Mining community
2951:Radical planning
2898:Transition towns
2833:
2649:Spatial planning
2623:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2473:. Archived from
2457:
2445:
2428:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2398:. Archived from
2382:
2366:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2330:"Urban Planning"
2321:
2319:
2317:
2312:on 30 March 2014
2308:. Archived from
2298:"Urban Planning"
2292:
2230:
2187:
2126:"Urban planning"
2122:Pennington, Mark
2108:
2107:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1669:Applied Sciences
1660:
1654:
1653:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1357:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1325:American Scholar
1320:
1314:
1313:
1309:978-90-9025157-8
1293:
1287:
1277:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1214:. Archived from
1201:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1012:
1001:
1000:
985:
891:Universal design
745:Bicycle-friendly
723:
718:
717:
603:machine learning
390:central planning
76:, also known as
43:Development plan
21:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5292:
5290:
5284:
5205:Greenfield land
5175:Brownfield land
5163:
5113:
5058:
5027:
4933:Gated community
4874:
4865:Industrial park
4841:
4827:Shopping center
4795:Office building
4785:Commercial area
4761:
4756:
4726:
4721:
4697:
4665:
4632:
4616:
4590:Science studies
4374:Administration
4363:
4089:
4066:
4064:Social sciences
4061:
4031:
4026:
4007:
3932:Soil compaction
3910:
3867:
3763:Land management
3731:
3726:
3696:
3691:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3631:Social sciences
3591:Urban economics
3563:
3553:
3522:
3496:
3443:
3406:
3370:
3337:Peter Calthorpe
3292:Ebenezer Howard
3253:
3235:
3222:Verticalization
3052:
2960:
2946:Market urbanism
2941:Livable streets
2907:
2828:
2818:
2800:
2757:
2724:
2706:
2674:
2618:
2612:
2551:
2523:
2518:
2480:
2478:
2477:on 2 April 2015
2469:. Oregon, USA:
2467:Research Guides
2460:
2454:Research Guides
2448:
2438:Research Guides
2432:MIT Libraries.
2431:
2417:"City Planning"
2414:
2405:
2403:
2385:
2379:Research Guides
2369:
2359:Research Guides
2352:
2343:
2341:
2340:on 2 April 2015
2334:Research Guides
2324:
2315:
2313:
2302:Research Guides
2295:
2285:Research Guides
2278:
2275:
2256:
2237:
2198:Paul Waterhouse
2196:
2160:
2120:
2117:
2115:Further reading
2112:
2111:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2041:The City Reader
2034:
2033:
2029:
1994:Planning Theory
1987:
1986:
1979:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1912:"About ISOCARP"
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1513:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1340:
1336:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1174:Planning Theory
1171:
1167:
1152:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1019:. Los Angeles:
1014:
1013:
1004:
987:
986:
975:
970:
965:
906:Urban economics
846:Noise pollution
760:Curb cut effect
719:
712:
709:
694:Sherry Arnstein
665:
617:
611:
518:
512:
501:
481:Ebenezer Howard
468:
462:
456:
423:
417:
275:
265:
181:design sciences
173:human geography
158:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5330:
5328:
5320:
5319:
5317:Urban planning
5309:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5270:Urban planning
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:Greyfield land
5207:
5202:
5200:Eminent domain
5197:
5195:Context theory
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5099:
5094:
5092:Planned cities
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4983:Public housing
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Housing estate
4935:
4930:
4925:
4923:Executive home
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4898:Bungalow court
4895:
4893:Boarding house
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4732:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4533:social science
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4465:Global studies
4462:
4460:Gender studies
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4443:social science
4439:Environmental
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4138:macroeconomics
4135:
4133:microeconomics
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4037:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3969:Infrastructure
3964:Urban planning
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Overpopulation
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3918:
3916:
3915:Related fields
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3906:Customary land
3903:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3839:Leopold matrix
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3655:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3492:United Kingdom
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Czech Republic
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3402:Randal O'Toole
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:Patrick Geddes
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Kevin A. Lynch
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3302:Guy Benveniste
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3282:Daniel Burnham
3279:
3277:Colin Buchanan
3274:
3272:Clarence Stein
3269:
3267:Clarence Perry
3264:
3258:
3256:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3219:
3214:
3212:Urban vitality
3209:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:Healthy cities
3116:
3111:
3109:Brusselization
3105:Gentrification
3102:
3097:
3094:Eminent domain
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2966:Cities by type
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:Context theory
2923:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2843:Athens Charter
2839:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2521:Urban planning
2519:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2458:
2446:
2429:
2412:
2383:
2367:
2350:
2322:
2293:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2258:Urban planning
2240:
2236:
2235:External links
2233:
2232:
2231:
2210:, Manchester:
2194:
2188:
2158:
2142:Cato Institute
2130:Hamowy, Ronald
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2098:(2): 281–312.
2078:
2057:
2027:
2000:(3): 300–318.
1977:
1925:
1903:
1877:
1852:
1845:
1827:
1796:
1747:
1698:
1655:
1648:
1626:
1619:
1597:
1590:
1572:
1545:(3): 283–299.
1525:
1516:|journal=
1489:
1436:
1411:
1385:
1378:
1352:
1343:Urban planning
1334:
1315:
1308:
1288:
1272:
1255:
1234:
1221:
1196:
1178:
1165:
1150:
1127:
1101:
1095:978-0415862875
1094:
1076:
1069:
1063:. p. 50.
1040:
1033:
1002:
972:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:
958:
953:
948:
946:Urban vitality
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
796:Land recycling
793:
788:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
726:
725:
724:
708:
705:
701:housing crisis
667:The school of
664:
661:
652:professional.
622:sustainability
610:
609:Urban planners
607:
576:building codes
564:Building codes
538:infrastructure
534:transportation
511:
508:
500:
497:
489:Ernest Burgess
455:
452:
448:climate change
427:induced demand
416:
413:
386:industrial age
382:New Liberalism
333:ancient Romans
264:
261:
237:Daniel Burnham
156:
130:public welfare
114:communications
110:transportation
102:infrastructure
90:rural planning
74:Urban planning
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5329:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5299:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Redevelopment
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5215:Groundscraper
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:Miscellaneous
5166:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:Model village
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5044:Research park
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5023:Tract housing
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Rooming house
5006:
5004:
5003:Revenue house
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4831:Shopping mall
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Business park
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4753:
4748:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Human science
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4612:Vegan studies
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:Public health
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:Philosophies
4508:
4506:
4505:Media studies
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:Human ecology
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:Anthrozoology
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:developmental
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:public policy
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4239:legal systems
4237:
4235:
4234:legal history
4232:
4230:
4229:jurisprudence
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4023:
4020:Categories:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3974:Urban renewal
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Deforestation
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3856:Built-up area
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Land grabbing
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3688:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:Public policy
3619:
3617:
3616:Public health
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Urban ecology
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3550:
3549:Ancient Egypt
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Lewis Mumford
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:Raymond Unwin
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3254:practitioners
3249:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Tract housing
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Temporary use
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Planning gain
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Creative city
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Urban village
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:Model village
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Commuter town
2981:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2956:Urban renewal
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Structuralism
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Rural housing
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Redevelopment
2653:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:Raymond Unwin
2199:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:(6): 065002.
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1508:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:0-909486-61-1
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
984:
982:
980:
978:
974:
967:
962:
961:Walking audit
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:Urban studies
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
921:Urban history
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
901:Urban density
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:Living street
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Air pollution
728:
727:
722:
716:
711:
706:
704:
702:
697:
695:
689:
687:
681:
678:
674:
670:
662:
660:
658:
653:
651:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
616:
615:Urban planner
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
559:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
517:
509:
507:
505:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:Garden Cities
482:
472:
467:
461:
453:
451:
449:
444:
441:
437:
432:
428:
422:
414:
412:
409:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Victorian era
375:
374:laissez-faire
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
299:
294:
288:
284:
279:
274:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:accessibility
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:city planning
79:
78:town planning
75:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
18:City Planning
5269:
5265:Urban design
5190:Construction
5077:Civic center
5054:Science park
4913:Company town
4812:Power center
4714:
4690:
4678:
4648:
4552:
4455:Food studies
4395:Area studies
4148:mathematical
4143:econometrics
4101:Anthropology
3986:Permaculture
3963:
3927:Soil science
3685:
3662:
3643:
3571:Architecture
3544:Nazi Germany
3352:Thomas Adams
3332:Loretta Lees
3327:Le Corbusier
3297:Edmund Bacon
3262:Andrés Duany
3217:Urbanization
3203:Urban sprawl
3168:Rural flight
3148:Permeability
3143:Model cities
3015:Logging camp
2974:Company town
2888:Smart growth
2878:New Urbanism
2660:Urban design
2520:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:the original
2466:
2453:
2437:
2420:
2404:. Retrieved
2400:the original
2392:Topic Guides
2391:
2378:
2363:Georgia Tech
2358:
2342:. Retrieved
2338:the original
2333:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:the original
2301:
2284:
2246:
2205:
2133:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2070:, retrieved
2040:
2030:
1997:
1993:
1947:
1943:
1916:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1810:Fast Company
1809:
1799:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1635:
1629:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1581:
1575:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1507:cite journal
1492:
1470:(1): 76–85.
1467:
1463:
1458:
1450:. Retrieved
1448:. Planetizen
1439:
1429:25 September
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1404:25 September
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1388:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1298:
1291:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1242:
1237:
1232:. Routledge.
1229:
1224:
1216:the original
1209:
1199:
1191:the original
1181:
1173:
1168:
1140:
1120:25 September
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1085:
1079:
1054:
1016:
941:Urban theory
896:Urban design
851:Permeability
841:New Urbanism
780:Epidemiology
698:
690:
682:
666:
654:
650:green collar
646:
618:
588:
562:
554:
550:water supply
526:urban design
519:
502:
493:Sector Model
477:
445:
424:
410:
394:
370:working poor
367:
359:Napoleon III
337:Roman Empire
330:
310:Indus Valley
306:Mesopotamian
303:
257:Le Corbusier
253:Robert Moses
239:in Chicago,
226:
193:urban design
169:architecture
162:
146:
138:bottom lines
120:, and their
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:
51:
36:urban sprawl
32:urbanization
5225:Nonbuilding
5154:Tower block
5018:Subdivision
4880:Residential
4817:Retail park
4716:Wikiversity
4607:Social work
4495:Linguistics
4420:Criminology
4337:criminology
4320:personality
4278:comparative
4256:Linguistics
4249:private law
4106:archaeology
3981:Agriculture
3942:Alkali soil
3775:Landscaping
3743:Degradation
3564:disciplines
3387:Jane Jacobs
3312:James Rouse
3193:Urban decay
3178:Third place
3153:Placemaking
3003:Pit village
2993:Global city
2279:Libraries.
2241:‹ The
1950:(1): 5–20.
1023:. pp.
956:Walkability
599:crowdsorced
342:Renaissance
241:LĂşcio Costa
153:rural areas
142:Jane Jacobs
106:urban areas
59:Partizánske
5250:Playground
5149:Skyscraper
4903:City block
4847:Industrial
4822:Riverfront
4767:Commercial
4661:Humanities
4595:historical
4528:psychology
4500:Management
4342:demography
4300:Psychology
4283:philosophy
4244:public law
4175:integrated
3307:Ian McHarg
3252:Theorists/
3029:(New town)
2988:Ghost town
2827:Concepts/
2563:Urban area
2168:2008009151
1820:14 January
1718:: 694817.
1692:1822/89302
1675:(1): 362.
968:References
876:Smart city
786:mitigation
750:Blue space
634:congestion
464:See also:
436:Blue Zones
419:See also:
134:sanitation
108:, such as
5132:Apartment
5119:Buildings
5064:Municipal
4953:McMansion
4539:Planning
4518:economics
4435:Education
4332:Sociology
4310:cognitive
4261:semiotics
4212:political
4170:technical
4155:Geography
4128:Economics
3954:Pollution
3797:Land loss
3596:Geography
3508:Barcelona
3487:Singapore
3462:Australia
3455:Countries
3069:Cityscape
2836:Movements
2461:Library.
2421:LibGuides
2353:Library.
2296:Library.
2228:Q18606907
2220:225676578
2184:243497795
2176:750831024
2067:159193173
2022:150714892
2014:1473-0952
1964:0041-0020
1791:2515-7620
1742:2624-9375
1559:0004-9182
1484:144888493
1160:992793499
677:pluralist
630:transport
626:pollution
580:easements
405:modernism
273:Grid Plan
5311:Category
5180:Cemetery
5072:Arcology
4888:Agrihood
4680:Category
4548:regional
4543:land use
4378:business
4347:internet
4305:abnormal
4207:military
4197:economic
4187:cultural
4160:physical
4121:physical
4111:cultural
4022:Land use
3879:Property
3872:Property
3758:Conflict
3753:Planning
3729:Land use
3664:Category
3513:Shanghai
3415:Training
3057:Concepts
3048:Boomtown
3038:Arcology
3010:Man camp
2978:Monotown
2931:Ekistics
2913:Theories
2829:theories
2670:Urbanism
2619:branches
2588:Planning
2583:Land use
2537:Theories
2481:21 March
2406:21 March
2344:21 March
2316:21 March
2243:template
2224:Wikidata
2204:(1912),
2124:(2008).
1972:40112168
1814:Archived
1567:18008094
1452:24 April
1331:(1): 99.
997:Archived
707:See also
593:and the
522:land use
454:Theories
318:Egyptian
245:BrasĂlia
177:politics
149:suburban
98:land use
63:Slovakia
5240:Parking
4775:Airport
4692:Commons
4523:history
4513:science
4448:studies
4182:History
4094:Primary
4080:History
4075:Outline
3736:General
3686:Commons
3562:Related
3375:Critics
3128:LEED-ND
2626:General
2556:General
2547:Outline
2532:History
2361:. USA:
2287:. USA:
2245:below (
2132:(ed.).
1918:20 July
1896:20 July
1870:20 July
1769:Bibcode
1720:Bibcode
1370:Longman
1345:at the
1211:YouTube
784:Hazard
686:agonism
263:History
67:factory
5280:Zoning
5039:Campus
4805:inland
4383:public
4325:social
4217:social
4116:social
3534:Africa
3518:Sydney
3501:Cities
3482:Serbia
3477:Russia
3448:Places
3244:People
3231:Zoning
3114:Infill
2578:Suburb
2262:Curlie
2248:Curlie
2226:
2218:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2156:
2072:11 May
2065:
2055:
2020:
2012:
1970:
1962:
1843:
1789:
1740:
1646:
1617:
1588:
1565:
1557:
1482:
1459:citing
1376:
1366:Harlow
1306:
1249:
1158:
1148:
1092:
1067:
1031:
886:Stroad
642:zoning
574:, and
568:zoning
546:zoning
536:, and
316:, and
314:Minoan
220:, and
210:zoning
116:, and
94:design
5275:YIMBY
5230:NIMBY
5159:Villa
5142:types
5137:House
5123:types
5107:parks
4553:urban
4357:urban
4352:rural
4202:human
4165:human
4085:Index
3527:Other
3467:China
2903:YIMBY
2873:NIMBY
2679:Rural
2651:(Eur)
2617:Major
2542:Index
2180:S2CID
2128:. In
2063:S2CID
2018:S2CID
1968:JSTOR
1563:S2CID
1480:S2CID
951:YIMBY
836:NIMBY
638:crime
88:, or
5235:Park
4800:Port
4621:List
3922:Soil
3096:(US)
2703:(UK)
2640:(US)
2568:City
2483:2015
2408:2015
2346:2015
2318:2015
2216:OCLC
2172:OCLC
2164:LCCN
2154:ISBN
2138:SAGE
2074:2022
2053:ISBN
2010:ISSN
1960:ISSN
1920:2017
1898:2017
1872:2017
1841:ISBN
1822:2009
1787:ISSN
1738:ISSN
1644:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1555:ISSN
1520:help
1454:2015
1431:2020
1406:2020
1374:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1156:OCLC
1146:ISBN
1122:2020
1090:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1061:Sage
1029:ISBN
1021:Sage
582:and
438:and
331:The
283:Pori
271:and
255:and
247:and
151:and
4224:Law
2260:at
2146:doi
2100:doi
2096:135
2045:doi
2002:doi
1952:doi
1777:doi
1728:doi
1687:hdl
1677:doi
1547:doi
1472:doi
1025:3–4
285:by
243:in
96:of
61:in
5313::
3224:/
3205:/
3121:/
3107:/
2976:/
2465:.
2452:.
2440:.
2436:.
2423:.
2419:.
2390:.
2377:.
2373:.
2357:.
2332:.
2328:.
2304:.
2300:.
2283:.
2222:,
2214:,
2200:;
2178:.
2170:.
2162:.
2152:.
2140:;
2094:.
2090:.
2061:,
2051:,
2039:,
2016:.
2008:.
1998:18
1996:.
1992:.
1980:^
1966:.
1958:.
1948:56
1946:.
1942:.
1928:^
1888:.
1863:.
1812:.
1808:.
1785:.
1775:.
1763:.
1759:.
1736:.
1726:.
1714:.
1710:.
1685:.
1673:14
1671:.
1667:.
1561:.
1553:.
1543:36
1541:.
1537:.
1511::
1509:}}
1505:{{
1478:.
1468:35
1466:.
1422:.
1397:.
1364:.
1329:61
1327:.
1208:.
1154:.
1130:^
1113:.
1059:.
1043:^
1027:.
1005:^
995:.
976:^
636:,
628:,
586:.
570:,
544:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
361:,
353:,
312:,
308:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
183:.
175:,
171:,
167:,
112:,
84:,
80:,
5125:)
5121:(
4833:)
4829:(
4751:e
4744:t
4737:v
4056:e
4049:t
4042:v
3721:e
3714:t
3707:v
2513:e
2506:t
2499:v
2485:.
2444:.
2427:.
2410:.
2365:.
2348:.
2320:.
2291:.
2186:.
2148::
2106:.
2102::
2047::
2024:.
2004::
1974:.
1954::
1922:.
1900:.
1874:.
1849:.
1824:.
1793:.
1779::
1771::
1765:3
1744:.
1730::
1722::
1716:3
1695:.
1689::
1679::
1652:.
1623:.
1594:.
1569:.
1549::
1522:)
1518:(
1501:.
1486:.
1474::
1456:.
1433:.
1408:.
1382:.
1312:.
1284:.
1253:.
1162:.
1124:.
1098:.
1073:.
1037:.
157:2
49:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
