405:
520:, the Ninth Circuit upheld the District Court's motion for class certification on the basis that involuntarily homeless people in Grants Pass satisfied the criteria of numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation. The Ninth Circuit rejected the city government's defense that its ordinances criminalized only the act of bringing camping items onto public land and not the necessary act of sleeping, because Grants Pass's cold temperatures necessitate the usage of blankets to prevent frostbite. Relying on its precedent in
34:
492:, Council President Lily Morgan organized the brainstorming of anti-camping ordinances to "make it uncomfortable enough for in our city so they will want to move on down the road". The Oregon District Court cited this statement as evidence that the anti-camping ordinances were enacted to prosecute the status of being homeless, rather than uniformly prosecuting acts like parking vehicles on public land.
593:
958:
criticized the ruling as unnecessary based on her prior success in moving homeless individuals into local motels and shelters. Bass argued that the decision "must not be used as an excuse for cities across the country to attempt to arrest their way out of this problem, or hide the homelessness crisis
824:
Sotomayor's dissent argues that the facial neutrality of the anti-camping ordinance is irrelevant, given that it would effectively criminalize sleeping in the only location available to homeless people in Grants Pass. Furthermore, the ordinance defines campsites as locations where bedding is placed
843:
Criticizing the majority for prioritizing the arguments of state and local governments, the dissent asserts that criminalization of homelessness will ultimately limit the employment and housing opportunities available to homeless people. Citing the Grants Pass City
Council's stated intentions in
828:
Noting that Oregon's state government prohibited anti-sleeping ordinances in 2023, the dissent contends that state and local governments need no further flexibility in criminalizing acts associated with homelessness. The dissent emphasizes that the lower court decisions already allowed state and
780:
allows acts strongly associated with a status to be criminalized, the anti-camping statutes are upheld, despite the connection between homelessness and placing camping supplies on public land. The majority argues that a necessity defense would be more appropriate for homeless people to contest
504:
for subsequent appeals. At the time of filing, Johnson lived full-time in her van, and Logan usually slept in his car, parked at a rest stop. Since
Johnson and Logan had been fined only under the anti-camping and parking exclusion ordinances, the anti-sleeping ordinance was excluded from the
847:
The dissent concludes by recognizing four remaining options for homeless people to contest the anti-camping ordinance. First, Oregon state law likely preempts Grants Pass's local ordinance, restraining the town's police from punishing the act of sleeping. Second, the majority's decision
738:
was enacted in 2023, dictating that "any city or county law that regulates the acts of sitting, lying, sleeping or keeping warm and dry outdoors on public property that is open to the public must be objectively reasonable as to time, place and manner with regards to persons experiencing
800:" (guilty mind) to criminally violate the anti-camping ordinances should be left to elected state and local government officials. Fifth, solutions to address rising homelessness in the U.S. are considered too complex to be addressed by unelected members of the federal judiciary.
816:. Furthermore, Thomas asserts that the plaintiffs could not challenge the anti-camping ordinance on Eighth Amendment grounds because they had not been criminally charged for repeated violations of the anti-camping ordinance, instead facing only civil penalties.
619:
criticized this reasoning based on evidence that the anti-camping ordinances were overwhelmingly applied to homeless people, rather than everyone who brought blankets onto the city's public land, suggesting criminalization of the status of being homeless.
764:
is interpreted to focus on the penalties that occurred after a criminal conviction. In this case, the punishments of fines, temporary bans from entering public property, and one-month jail sentences are viewed as neither cruel nor unusual. Second, while
653:'s Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection, argued the case on behalf of Johnson and Logan. Corkran asserted that the anti-camping ordinance's imposition of a $ 295 fine, which rises to $ 537.60 if initially unpaid, lacks any
450:, who are collectively affected by the city of Grants Pass's ability to enforce the ordinance. Clarke found Blake representative of this homeless population, and she was deemed capable of adequately representing their legal interests.
476:
At the time of filing, police officers could immediately issue a written order excluding a person from all parks in Grants Pass based on two or more alleged violations of these ordinances. Since the exclusion order was not
852:
the case back to the Ninth
Circuit to assess whether the ordinance's fines violate the Eighth Amendment's Excessive Fines Clause. Third, homeless people could challenge the ordinance under the Due Process Clause by citing
645:
dictates that class action lawsuits are appropriate only when "there are questions of law or fact common to the class", Kneedler emphasized that individual determinations of involuntary homelessness are necessary.
869:
as a punishment violates the Eighth
Amendment, homeless defendants could argue that anti-camping ordinances that effectively banish them from their communities constitute a similarly cruel and unusual punishment.
2350:
1216:
2418:
1141:
915:
has noted that the decision does not require courts to accept public nuisance justifications for compelling state and local governments to clear homeless encampments. Chemerinsky has praised the
584:
briefs in favor of city officials, while homelessness advocacy groups filed opposing briefs in favor of
Johnson and Logan. The Supreme Court granted the petition for review on January 12, 2024.
812:
interpretation of the Eighth
Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment would not provide any protections against status-based criminalization, advocating for the overturning of
1044:
454:
859:(1974), which overturned a state law limiting non-emergency medical care based on the length of one's residency for impermissibly denying the basic necessities of life. Fourth, since
546:
420:
108:
1082:
633:. He argued that the Ninth Circuit should have evaluated each challenge to Grants Pass's enforcement of the anti-camping ordinances on a case-by-case basis, rather than granting a
1287:
2423:
278:
844:
passing the anti-camping ordinance, the dissent notes that homeless people are more likely to move to other areas than stay to engage in a costly and complex necessity defense.
392:
upholding the conviction only because the defendant failed to prove that their alcoholism compelled them to violate the public intoxication statute, the Ninth
Circuit held that
506:
356:
118:
840:
because whereas an alcoholic's decision to drink to the point of public intoxication presents ambiguity in the extent of voluntary wrongdoing, all homeless people must sleep.
384:, which dictates that when there is no majority opinion, the narrowest decision reached between the plurality and concurring opinions becomes precedent. Thus, citing Justice
1651:
612:
320:
264:
137:
1467:
154:
The enforcement of generally applicable laws regulating camping on public property does not constitute “cruel and unusual punishment” prohibited by the Eighth
Amendment.
1589:
Annual Trends Among the
Unsheltered in Three Los Angeles Neighborhoods: The Los Angeles Longitudinal Enumeration and Demographic Survey (LA LEADS) 2023 Annual Report
705:
suggested that the
Supreme Court should delegate homelessness policy to local governments because of the complexities in defining involuntary homelessness. Justices
889:
lawsuits to compel state and local governments to clear homeless encampments if they present public health risks. While Wurman has previously succeeded in forcing
1357:
1254:
1319:
941:
enacted a similar law that also allows individuals and businesses to sue local governments if they do not enforce their anti-camping laws. In November 2024,
1131:
2413:
1000:
323:
prohibits criminalization of a status, as opposed to criminalizing criminal acts, in striking down a California law that criminalized being addicted to
473:
because homeless people unable to afford shelter are unlikely to be able to afford fines imposed for the unavoidable, life-sustaining act of sleeping.
469:
restrictions on the time, place, and manner of sleeping on public land. Furthermore, Clarke held that these ordinances violated the Eighth Amendment's
717:
because Johnson and Logan received only civil fines, not the criminal punishments imposed on repeat violators, so they cannot represent a claim under
1521:
1642:
1007:
model of clearing health and safety risks in homeless encampments, regardless of whether homeless shelters were available in surrounding areas. The
974:
825:"for the purpose of maintaining a temporary place to live", clearly directing its application toward homeless people, as opposed to other visitors.
771:
prohibited criminalizing statuses, Grants Pass's anti-camping ordinances are interpreted as neutrally applied, regardless of one's housing status.
411:, sought to impose anti-camping, anti-sleeping, and parking exclusion ordinances to dissuade homeless individuals from residing on its public land.
2438:
1034:
1004:
556:, 232 F.3d 1353 (11th Cir. 2000), which upheld an anti-camping ordinance by determining that homelessness is not a status. But Judges Silver and
1493:
623:
524:, the Ninth Circuit enjoined Grants Pass from enforcing its anti-camping ordinance against involuntarily homeless people. Circuit Court Judge
1797:
682:
660:
Corkran highlighted that the Supreme Court had routinely rejected local and state attempts to shift homeless populations elsewhere, citing
1072:
1277:
286:
38:
905:, were dismissed for failing to prove that state and local governments are responsible for paying the costs of removing encampments.
1411:
346:" (guilty act) of choosing to drink to the point of intoxication while in public is distinct from the status of being an alcoholic.
829:
local governments to adopt public health measures as long as they did not result in status-based criminalization of homelessness.
485:
because residents would be deprived of their liberty interest in visiting public parks during a potentially long appeals process.
2428:
1008:
916:
650:
642:
580:
on August 22, 2023, seeking review of the Ninth Circuit's ruling. In its wake, many city officials across the western U.S. filed
657:
beyond criminalizing the status of being homeless because the amount exceeds the average cost of rental housing in Grants Pass.
963:
found that three instances of dismantling homeless encampments in Los Angeles failed to reduce the city's homeless population.
677:
404:
949:
that allows people to apply for property tax refunds if their local government does not enforce its anti-camping ordinances.
1217:"Liberal and Conservative Groups Alike Want to Overturn an Oregon Case That Provided Homeless People With Some Protections"
435:
against violators of anti-camping, anti-sleeping, and parking exclusion ordinances. The city imposed criminal penalties of
363:, could not enforce an anti-camping ordinance whenever its homeless population exceeds the number of available beds in its
2433:
920:
855:
446:
because the United Community Action Network's January 2019 point-in-time count identified at least 600 homeless people in
457:'s criteria, its anti-camping, anti-sleeping, and parking exclusion ordinances violated the Ninth Circuit's precedent in
1635:
1610:
761:
298:
141:
2366:
1347:
1244:
114:
Plaintiffs' motion for summary judgement granted in part and denied in part, 1:18-cv-01823-CL (D. Or. Jul. 22, 2020)
1136:
501:
1605:
1309:
937:
has been empowered to sue local governments if they fail to enforce outdoor homeless camping bans. In March 2024,
336:, the Supreme Court held in a plurality opinion that an alcoholic can be prosecuted under a state statute against
80:
2229:
1901:
934:
908:
136:
Does a local government's enforcement of a public camping ban against involuntarily homeless people violate the
2382:
2329:
1202:
Gloria Johnson and John Logan, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated v. City of Grants Pass
1112:
Gloria Johnson and John Logan, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated v. City of Grants Pass
849:
608:
447:
1893:
1191:, 1:18-cv-01823-CL (United States District Court for the District of Oregon August 7, 2019).
607:
argued the case on behalf of Grants Pass. Evangelis asserted that homeless people should be forced to make a
2358:
1754:
1628:
1174:, 1:18-cv-01823-CL (United States District Court for the District of Oregon July 22, 2020).
735:
667:
630:
538:
560:
argued that precedent did not apply because Orlando's homeless shelter never reached its maximum capacity.
2341:
2205:
1805:
1690:
1682:
996:
989:
967:
767:
719:
470:
380:
315:
70:
481:, the District Court held that the city of Grants Pass's enforcement of the ordinances also violated the
2312:
2109:
2053:
1933:
1552:
981:
727:
662:
654:
282:
221:
611:
in court rather than challenging the local government's ability to enforce anti-camping ordinances on
396:
remains precedent in prohibiting the criminalization of one's status and associated unavoidable acts.
2069:
1965:
1957:
1941:
1925:
1770:
1714:
952:
927:
428:
289:
case in which the Court held that local government ordinances with civil and criminal penalties for
2170:
2125:
1861:
1762:
1722:
740:
478:
443:
424:
408:
337:
58:
453:
In July 2020, Clarke ruled that because Grants Pass lacked any homeless shelters that satisfy the
2237:
2162:
2117:
1989:
1981:
1909:
1885:
1853:
1821:
1730:
1557:
1444:
1249:
988:
praised the ruling for allowing local politicians to control homeless encampments. In July 2024,
882:
687:
676:(striking down a minimum residency requirement for receiving state welfare benefits based on the
482:
760:
Gorsuch's majority opinion focuses on five points. First, the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on
2253:
2245:
2221:
2146:
2037:
2005:
1973:
1869:
1813:
1789:
1746:
1738:
1698:
1615:
1562:
1526:
977:
923:
912:
525:
489:
213:
90:
1439:
637:
injunction whenever a city's homeless population exceeds the number of available beds in its
2374:
2269:
2154:
2093:
2085:
2013:
1949:
1917:
1877:
1837:
1829:
1588:
1468:"New Missouri law makes sleeping on state land a crime for people experiencing homelessness"
960:
890:
866:
791:
786:
638:
552:
517:
466:
436:
364:
1522:"Homeless encampments are on the ballot in Arizona. Could California, other states follow?"
2213:
2077:
2045:
2029:
2021:
1997:
1845:
1620:
894:
886:
776:
710:
706:
557:
351:
332:
209:
189:
177:
666:(striking down a ban on transporting low-income individuals into California based on the
2321:
2261:
2197:
2178:
2101:
898:
861:
744:
714:
626:
596:
794:, the majority argues that determinations of whether homeless defendants possess the "
2407:
1706:
1416:
1352:
1077:
985:
581:
542:
537:
rehearing by the entire Ninth Circuit, amending its opinion with a response to Judge
513:
462:
367:. Since the Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal to this case in 2019, it became
1132:"Grants Pass v. Johnson: Here's What Led to Key Homelessness Case Before High Court"
61:
v. Gloria Johnson, et al., on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated
2061:
992:
970:
781:
prosecution under these anti-camping ordinances if they had nowhere else to sleep.
702:
698:
694:
672:
634:
416:
360:
302:
201:
185:
169:
1494:"Florida Gov. DeSantis signs bill banning homeless from camping in public spaces"
686:(striking down an anti-vagrancy ordinance based on the vagueness doctrine of the
878:
809:
616:
604:
385:
294:
197:
1348:"The Supreme Court doesn't seem eager to get involved with homelessness policy"
1282:
1039:
955:
946:
574:
432:
342:
1566:
1073:"The Supreme Court case that could turn homelessness into a crime, explained"
1035:"Court Divided Over Constitutionality of Criminal Penalties for Homelessness"
500:
After Blake died in 2021, Gloria Johnson and John Logan were assigned as the
1498:
592:
368:
324:
603:
During oral arguments on April 22, 2024, Theane Evangelis of the law firm
926:
Thien Ho's public nuisance lawsuit because it threatens the government's
796:
731:
1412:"What comes after the Supreme Court's Grants Pass homelessness decision"
942:
938:
541:'s arguments against the denial. O'Scannlain argued against creating a
533:
442:
In August 2019, Magistrate Judge Mark D. Clarke granted the motion for
290:
1314:
415:
The Oregon Law Center, which supports low-income Oregonians, filed a
1440:"Thien Ho's Latest Homeless Lawsuit is a Misguided Political Effort"
2351:
Browning-Ferris Industries of Vermont, Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc.
1553:"Newsom Orders California Officials to Remove Homeless Encampments"
1278:"Supreme Court to Hear Case on Criminal Penalties for Homelessness"
423:
in October 2018. At the time of filing, Blake had been homeless in
124:
Petition for rehearing en banc denied, 72 F.4th 868 (9th Cir. 2023)
930:, while failing to address the underlying causes of homelessness.
893:, to close an encampment over its safety hazards, his lawsuits in
591:
403:
1115:, 50 F.4th 787 (9th Cir. September 28, 2022).
902:
488:
During a March 2013 community meeting staged by the Grants Pass
2300:
1663:
1624:
1587:
Ward, Jason M.; Garvey, Rick; Hunter, Sarah B. (July 2, 2024).
427:, between eight and ten years, occasionally entering temporary
117:
Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded, 50 F.4th 787 (
33:
1221:
790:, in which the Supreme Court allowed states to not adopt the
238:
Gorsuch, joined by Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh, Barrett
439:
on repeat violators who continued to reside on public land.
1205:, 72 F.4th 868 (9th Cir. July 5, 2023).
107:
Motion for class certification granted, 1:18-cv-01823-CL (
1011:
warned that Newsom's actions were cruel and ineffective.
723:, which dealt only with the criminalization of a status.
531:
In June 2023, the Ninth Circuit denied a petition for an
455:
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
885:
praised the Supreme Court's decision and proposed using
1245:"Supreme Court Preview: City of Grants Pass v. Johnson"
421:
United States District Court for the District of Oregon
2419:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
959:
in neighboring cities or in jail.” In July 2024, the
16:
US Supreme Court case on criminalizing public camping
507:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
2340:
2311:
2189:
2136:
1781:
1674:
649:Kelsi Brown Corkran, the Supreme Court Director of
258:
250:
242:
234:
229:
158:
148:
130:
101:
96:
86:
76:
66:
52:
45:
26:
1215:Dooris, Pat; Parfitt, Jamie (September 29, 2023).
461:. Clarke recommended that Grants Pass pursue its
573:The city of Grants Pass filed a petition for a
1400:, 23–175 (U.S. 28 June 2024).
1310:"City of Grants Pass v. Johnson Oral Argument"
997:California Departments of Parks and Recreation
1636:
730:claimed the case might also be dismissed for
713:noted that the case could be dismissed for a
599:argued the position of the federal government
8:
2424:Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause case law
419:on behalf of Debra Blake (1959–2021) in the
808:Thomas's concurring opinion argues that an
2308:
2297:
1671:
1660:
1643:
1629:
1621:
23:
1005:California Department of Transportation's
378:, the Ninth Circuit cited the 1977 case
1020:
1397:City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Johnson
357:Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1798:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber
1546:
1544:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1341:
1339:
1337:
21:2024 United States Supreme Court case
7:
1438:Chemerinsky, Erwin (June 11, 2024).
1182:
1180:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1028:
1026:
1024:
856:Memorial Hospital v. Maricopa County
683:Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville
1360:from the original on April 22, 2024
1322:from the original on April 22, 2024
1290:from the original on April 23, 2024
1257:from the original on April 23, 2024
1144:from the original on April 23, 2024
1085:from the original on April 22, 2024
1047:from the original on April 22, 2024
254:Sotomayor, joined by Kagan, Jackson
1410:Cohen, Rachel M. (June 28, 2024).
1130:Hayden, Jeremiah (April 4, 2024).
319:, the Supreme Court held that the
39:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2414:United States Supreme Court cases
1346:Millhiser, Ian (April 22, 2024).
1071:Millhiser, Ian (April 17, 2024).
739:homelessness", while offering an
629:argued the case on behalf of the
1611:SCOTUS oral arguments transcript
1520:Bierman, Noah (April 24, 2024).
1492:Goñi-Lessan, Ana; Nguyen, Thao.
1466:Rivas, Rebecca (June 29, 2022).
1009:National Homelessness Law Center
945:will vote on Proposition 312, a
917:Sacramento County Superior Court
643:Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
512:In a September 2022 decision by
32:
1551:Hubler, Shawn (July 25, 2024).
743:for violators to challenge the
734:because Section 195.530 of the
678:Privileges or Immunities Clause
2439:2024 in United States case law
2278:City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
1652:United States Eighth Amendment
274:City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
27:City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
1:
784:Fourth, citing the 2020 case
359:ruled that city officials in
1665:Cruel and unusual punishment
1276:Howe, Amy (April 19, 2024).
1188:Blake v. City of Grants Pass
1171:Blake v. City of Grants Pass
1033:Howe, Amy (April 22, 2024).
762:cruel and unusual punishment
400:Oregon District Court ruling
299:cruel and unusual punishment
142:cruel and unusual punishment
2367:United States v. Bajakajian
1606:SCOTUS oral arguments audio
1591:(Report). RAND Corporation.
836:was irrelevant in applying
605:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher
528:dissented from the ruling.
287:United States Supreme Court
2455:
1137:Oregon Public Broadcasting
371:within the Ninth Circuit.
2307:
2296:
2230:South Carolina v. Gathers
1902:Skipper v. South Carolina
1670:
1659:
935:Missouri Attorney General
909:UC Berkeley School of Law
431:. Grants Pass had levied
263:
163:
153:
135:
31:
2383:Tyler v. Hennepin County
2330:United States v. Salerno
2302:Excessive bail and fines
832:The dissent claims that
624:Deputy Solicitor General
448:Josephine County, Oregon
2429:Legal history of Oregon
2359:Austin v. United States
1894:Caldwell v. Mississippi
1755:Montgomery v. Louisiana
736:Oregon Revised Statutes
668:Dormant Commerce Clause
641:. Since Rule 23 of the
2342:Excessive Fines Clause
2206:Robinson v. California
1822:California v. Anderson
1806:McGautha v. California
1691:Robinson v. California
1683:Weems v. United States
838:Robinson v. California
814:Robinson v. California
768:Robinson v. California
720:Robinson v. California
600:
479:stayed pending appeals
471:Excessive Fines Clause
412:
394:Robinson v. California
381:Marks v. United States
316:Robinson v. California
265:U.S. Const. amend VIII
2313:Excessive Bail Clause
2054:Panetti v. Quarterman
1934:Maynard v. Cartwright
728:Ketanji Brown Jackson
663:Edwards v. California
651:Georgetown Law School
595:
516:District Court Judge
502:class representatives
407:
285:___ (2024), is a
222:Ketanji Brown Jackson
48:Decided June 28, 2024
46:Argued April 22, 2024
2434:Homelessness and law
2070:Kennedy v. Louisiana
1966:Whitmore v. Arkansas
1958:Stanford v. Kentucky
1942:Thompson v. Oklahoma
1926:Lowenfield v. Phelps
1771:Jones v. Mississippi
1715:Harmelin v. Michigan
1472:Missouri Independent
928:separation of powers
747:of such ordinances.
631:Biden administration
564:Supreme Court ruling
539:Diarmuid O'Scannlain
496:Ninth Circuit ruling
429:transitional housing
417:class action lawsuit
2246:Helling v. McKinney
2171:Hudson v. McMillian
2137:Corporal punishment
2126:Bucklew v. Precythe
1862:Spaziano v. Florida
1763:Virginia v. LeBlanc
1723:Ewing v. California
990:California Governor
968:San Francisco Mayor
741:affirmative defense
569:Petition for review
444:class certification
425:Grants Pass, Oregon
409:Grants Pass, Oregon
338:public intoxication
140:protection against
131:Questions presented
59:Grants Pass, Oregon
2238:Payne v. Tennessee
2163:Ingraham v. Wright
2118:Madison v. Alabama
1990:Atkins v. Virginia
1982:Herrera v. Collins
1910:Ford v. Wainwright
1886:Glass v. Louisiana
1854:Godfrey v. Georgia
1731:Lockyer v. Andrade
1558:The New York Times
1445:The Sacramento Bee
1318:. April 22, 2024.
1250:Harvard Law School
774:Third, citing how
688:Due Process Clause
601:
483:Due Process Clause
465:interests through
413:
388:'s concurrence in
297:do not constitute
174:Associate Justices
138:Eighth Amendment's
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2254:Farmer v. Brennan
2222:Estelle v. Gamble
2147:Jackson v. Bishop
2038:Hill v. McDonough
2006:Tennard v. Dretke
1974:Walton v. Arizona
1870:Enmund v. Florida
1814:Furman v. Georgia
1790:Wilkerson v. Utah
1747:Miller v. Alabama
1739:Graham v. Florida
1699:Rummel v. Estelle
1527:Los Angeles Times
1001:Fish and Wildlife
978:Darrell Steinberg
953:Los Angeles Mayor
924:District Attorney
921:Sacramento County
913:Erwin Chemerinsky
865:(1958) held that
639:homeless shelters
615:grounds. Justice
609:necessity defense
526:Daniel P. Collins
467:narrowly tailored
369:binding precedent
365:homeless shelters
349:In the 2018 case
330:In the 1968 case
313:In the 1962 case
270:
269:
214:Amy Coney Barrett
2446:
2375:Timbs v. Indiana
2309:
2298:
2270:Kahler v. Kansas
2155:Gates v. Collier
2094:Hurst v. Florida
2086:Glossip v. Gross
2014:Roper v. Simmons
1950:Penry v. Lynaugh
1918:Tison v. Arizona
1878:Pulley v. Harris
1838:Coker v. Georgia
1830:Gregg v. Georgia
1672:
1661:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1548:
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792:insanity defense
787:Kahler v. Kansas
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553:City of Orlando
549:'s decision in
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97:Case history
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2139:or injuries
1825:(Cal. 1972)
883:Ilan Wurman
879:Originalist
810:originalist
804:Concurrence
617:Elena Kagan
509:'s review.
437:trespassing
433:civil fines
386:Byron White
295:public land
243:Concurrence
198:Elena Kagan
2408:Categories
1283:SCOTUSblog
1040:SCOTUSblog
1015:References
956:Karen Bass
577:certiorari
343:actus reus
67:Docket no.
1567:0362-4331
1499:USA Today
1364:April 22,
1326:April 23,
1294:April 22,
1261:April 23,
1228:April 23,
1148:April 23,
1089:April 22,
1051:April 22,
982:Lancaster
545:from the
325:narcotics
1654:case law
1572:July 25,
1533:July 29,
1505:July 29,
1477:July 29,
1451:July 29,
1423:July 29,
1358:Archived
1320:Archived
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1142:Archived
1083:Archived
1045:Archived
797:mens rea
756:Majority
751:Decision
732:mootness
726:Justice
575:writ of
551:Joel v.
235:Majority
119:9th Cir.
87:Decision
77:Argument
57:City of
943:Arizona
939:Florida
850:remands
820:Dissent
680:), and
534:en banc
291:camping
251:Dissent
149:Holding
91:Opinion
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1565:
1315:C-SPAN
984:Mayor
980:, and
897:, and
874:Impact
514:Senior
355:, the
246:Thomas
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