City of license - Knowledge

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advertising dollars you can attract. But there's a catch—at least there's supposed to be. The Commission is required by Section 307(b) of the Communications Act "to provide a fair, efficient, and equitable distribution of radio service" to "the several States and communities." The FCC cannot simply permit radio stations to relocate from rural areas to well-served urban markets without violating that mandate. That's when the game gets interesting. Under our FM allotment rules, the Commission will give a preference to any applicant that proposes to serve a community with no current licensees—i.e., not that the community doesn't receive radio service (it could receive service from dozens of stations) but that no station lists that particular community as its "community of license." That's where a good atlas comes in handy. The next step is to scour the maps to find a community near an urban area that doesn't yet have any stations licensed to it. You win the game if you get the FCC to grant you a preference for providing "first service" to a close-in suburban community while being able to cover the larger market.

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and who dealt with Equity affiliates like WNYI who had no local presence whatsoever, the station's few local advertisers, who might not see their commercials carried at all due to a transmitter or computer issue (as often Equity's systems would accidentally carry commercials from a market far out-of-state), and viewers of those systems. Those providers eventually resorted to acquiring the signal of Equity stations through the same satellite feeds Equity used to feed the transmitters. As many of Equity's full-power stations in the 2000s signed on too late to receive a digital companion channel and the company chose to launch with analog signals rather than choosing to launch as all-digital despite their known short life in the former format, they were forced to

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existing stations. "The Suburban Community Problem" was recognized in FCC policy as early as 1965. "Stations in metropolitan areas often tend to seek out national and regional advertisers and to identify themselves with the entire metropolitan area rather than with the particular needs of their specified communities," according to an FCC policy statement of the era. In order "to discourage applicants for smaller communities who would be merely substandard stations for neighboring, larger communities," the FCC established the so-called "Suburban Community presumption" which required applicants for AM stations in such markets to demonstrate that they had ascertained the unmet programming needs of the specific communities and were prepared to satisfy those needs.

915:, full-power stations are typically 175 miles or more apart before the same channel is used again. An otherwise-desirable channel may therefore be unavailable to a community unless either it is operated at greatly reduced-height and power, forced onto a strongly directional antenna pattern to protect the distant co-channel station or relocated to some other, more distant location in the region to maintain proper spacing. The choice of another community as home for a station can be one possible means to avoid short-spacing, effectively shifting the entire station's coverage area to maintain the required distances between transmitters. 1070:

any of them, but too close to use the same channels again. Syracuse and Utica (75 mi) may or may not be receivable. Once VHF 11 had been assigned to Canada, there's nothing left. Watertown was allotted UHF 48; a 1952 construction permit listed WWNY-TV Watertown, New York, as community of license. WWNY returned the UHF 48 permit unbuilt on March 10, 1954 in exchange for WCNY-TV 7 Carthage (a tiny hamlet ten miles further east). That pushed the station clear of Buffalo; it signed on from Champion Hill on October 22, 1954, and never looked back. (Buffalo signed on

2207:(K-Rock 105.7). Primary audience is Kingston, Ontario, population 132,485. The use of a foreign station circumvents Canada's limit on common ownership (two stations per-band in the same language, same market) and the Canadian content requirements which would apply to a domestic station. Canada does regulate shared-service and local marketing agreements (where one company nominally owns a station and has someone else operate it) but WLYK legally is not a Canadian station. 3103:, from which it would barely reach a long list of communities from Kingston to Pembroke to Peterborough. The licence is at Bancroft, some 35 miles (55 km) further distant, as the closest incorporated town of any real size. The network's current owner, Corus, owns CHEX/CKWS and has moved Global's programming there, rendering Bancroft redundant, duplicative and superfluous — but wants to keep the desirable "cable 3" allocation which CIII-TV-2 held in a long list of 3602:). Within 200 miles of the Canada or Mexico border? Everything becomes subject to international co-ordination. Find your tiny spot 175 miles from Buffalo and nowhere near anything else on 7 or 8, jump through all the bureaucratic hoops to add that community to the Table of Allotments, get that channel allotted to that community, convince the FCC that your application is in the public interest and eventually, maybe your 813:. As cities expanded, former small-town FM stations found themselves not only in what were now becoming rapidly expanding suburbs but also on what was becoming some of the most valuable spectrum in broadcast radio. The once-tiny FM stations would often then be sold, increased (where possible) to much-higher power and used to serve a huge mainstream audience in the larger metropolitan area. 158: 3410:. Studios are in Toronto, the provincial capital, as TFO belongs to Ontario's government, although the station was never physically available over-the-air in that community. As such, the choice of which of the multiple repeaters to designate as the primary station was arbitrary; Hawkesbury was chosen because that signal crossed the Ontario-Quebec border into 568:, with the station's identifications at the time only vocally mentioning the temporary city of license in a rushed form, with Norwalk barely receiving any visual mention on the station; at no time were any station assets actually based in Norwalk, nor was public affairs or news programming adjusted to become Norwalk-centric over that of Los Angeles and 3598:

have to show adequate distance from existing same-channel allocations (in those days, 175 miles, straight-line). They'd have to show adequate distance from adjacent-channel stations (so 7 or 9 couldn't have been assigned to Syracuse without some major reshuffling of existing channels if 8 was CBS in that city way back

1577:, this maneuver portrays the station's owners as moving it from a community that had at least two other broadcasters (Johnstown) to one that had none (Jeannette) - easier to justify for regulatory purposes. The actual intended target market, Pittsburgh, already has many local stations. While the transmitter remains in 695:, whose population is in decline. In general, regulators are loath to allow a community's only license to be moved away - especially to a city which already has a station. A broadcaster may make the case that the "community" functionally no longer exists in order to be released from its local obligations. 3334:

cluster as that signal would not reach the community of license. Despite this the station effectively acts as an adjunct to the Ottawa radio market, and has undergone frequent format, branding and call sign changes based on market conditions in Ottawa. Like its nominally Smiths Falls-licensed sibling

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opened additional possibilities for using an outlying community's licence as an over-the-air placeholder. Buy a station, return the licensed broadcast spectrum to the government, then claim to be "sharing" a channel with another broadcaster by using the orphan licence to place content on one of their

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A new network or station group will often enter a market after all of the most valuable available frequencies (such as the analogue VHF TV assignments in major cities) are already taken. This often results in building a network by constructing outlying stations, UHF stations, underpowered stations or

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spectrum in New York City in 1961 was to purchase existing Newark independent WATV. An on-air identifying logo displays initially as "WNET Newark, New Jersey", then transitions to "WNET New York"; the station provides New Jersey local public-affairs coverage through its co-operated sister network for

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in Manhattan and requirements for the station to properly serve New Jersey, an issue that has continued to affect WWOR's operations to the present day (their last license renewal was delayed by several years due to FCC claims it did not fulfill this directive). The 2018 repeal of the Main Studio Rule

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Often, a license for a new station will not be available in a community, either because a regulatory agency was only willing to accept new applications within specified narrow timeframes or because there are no suitable vacant channels. A prospective broadcaster must therefore buy an existing station

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A broadcaster may wish to serve two different communities, both in the same region but far enough from each other that a transmitter in one market would provide poor service to the other. While a transmitter in each community served would be preferable, occasionally a station licensed to a small town

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must be located so that it can provide a strong signal over nearly all of its "principal community" (5 mV/m or stronger at night for AM stations, 70 dbuV for FM, 35 dbu for DTV channels 2–6, 43 dbu for channels 7-13 and 48 dbu for channels 14+), even if it primarily serves another city. For example,

137:

The requirement that a station maintain a main studio within a station's primary coverage area or within a maximum distance of the community of license originated in an era in which stations were legally required to generate local content and the majority of a station's local, non-network programming

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Using the B-grade contour of a full-power low-VHF analogue station to rimshot multiple communities creates a problem due to the digital television transition. The digital signal typically cannot replicate the original analogue low-VHF coverage area. The communities which the station "almost" reached

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market. Licensing a station to Windsor carries a unique obstacle - content which is already on the Detroit stations will not be provided to a Canadian station in the same market, even though Windsor is in a different country. Using an outlying station just outside the Windsor-Essex market boundaries

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rights could not be invoked. WNYI also suffered from constant technical issues which could take weeks to repair as Equity maintained no local engineers or staff in their markets, earning the ire of the few providers who could receive it over the air, Univision, whose carriage was never fully assured

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network using their DT2 signal, and for over a year until it was signed off in mid-July 2013, the analog signal carried Canal 5, made XETV the only North American station at the time to carry both an American-originated and Mexican-originated network on their signal. The station lost its affiliation

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radio market, attempts by the Smiths Falls station to oppose proposed format changes by its Ottawa rivals have been rejected by the CRTC; likewise, any attempts by the Ottawa stations to oppose format changes in Smiths Falls have by this precedent also been dismissed - a situation which favours the

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had 2,4,7,17,*23,59 (* non-commercial education) allocated to Buffalo or Buffalo-Niagara, while Watertown is only allocated 48. An applicant who wanted to build 7 in Watertown, for example, would encounter multiple obstacles: They'd have to petition the FCC to change the table of allotments. They'd

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in 2013, a company that mainly purchased stations to profit from their spectrum rather than a genuine interest in broadcasting. OTA won $ 80.4 million from the FCC for returning its spectrum, but also decided to retain the station's license for a channel sharing arrangement with another station, of

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Watertown is close to a long list of places - Montréal (155 mi), Ottawa (100 mi), Toronto (175 mi), Buffalo (165 mi), Rochester (105 mi), Binghamton (130 mi), Albany (140 mi) and Plattsburgh-Burlington (130 mi and 140 mi) - too far to receive OTA TV from

303:

A related problem was that of 'move-in'. Outlying communities would find their small-town local stations sold to outsiders, who would then attempt to change the community of license to a suburb of the nearest major city, move transmitter locations or remove existing local content from broadcasts in

214:

While the main studio concept nominally remains in US broadcast regulations, and certain administrative requirements (such as the local employment of a manager and the equivalent of at least one other full-time staff member, as well as the maintenance of a public inspection file) are still applied,

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will flicker to life, live long and prosper. A more complex application (such as the attempts to shoehorn a third VHF into Syracuse and Rochester for ABC in the 1960s) might involve swapping allocations between multiple communities or even displacing existing stations in frequency or location. For

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In some cases, stations were constructed or acquired with the express purpose of driving a regional or province-wide chain of full-power repeaters. Which of these "satellite stations" would be designated as the main signal could be an arbitrary choice, as the programming carried on all stations in

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format serving a larger city on the Canadian side of the border from a city on the U.S. border. Its city-grade signal reaches the southwestern parts of Greater Montreal, other parts of southwestern Quebec, and Cornwall, Ontario, along with Malone and Massena on the New York side of the border. Its

655:

was created in 1997. To operate a licensed station, a broadcaster must first obtain allocation of the desired frequencies in the FCC's Table of Allotments for the intended city of license. This process is subject to various political and bureaucratic restrictions, based on considerations including

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FCC regulations also require stations at least once an hour to state the station's call letters, followed by the city of license. However, the FCC has no restrictions on additional names after the city of license, so many stations afterwards add the nearest large city. For example, CBS affiliate

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By 1969, the same issues had spread to FM licensing; instead of building transmitters in the community to nominally be served, applicants would often seek to locate the tower site at least halfway to the next major city. In one such precedent case (the Berwick Doctrine), the FCC required a hearing

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as a means to oppose the construction and use of local stations as mere rebroadcasters or satellite-fed translators of distant stations. Without specific requirements for service to the local community of license, stations could be constructed in large number by out-of-region broadcasters who feed

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This has almost become a parlor game. The goal of the game—whether you're applying for a new station or a station currently licensed to a rural area—is to move as close to a big market as possible. The closer you get to a big market, the more potential listeners you can reach and hence the more

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and community, at sign-on, sign-off, and at the top of every hour of operation. Other current requirements include providing a local telephone number in the community's calling area (or else a toll-free number). The former requirement to (in most cases) maintain an official main studio within 25

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flagship French-language Montréal station, once that station is repacked from DT10 to DT11. In an unusual move (given the long history of Kingston-market VHF being pushed west/northwest to outlying communities to protect Montreal stations) the CRTC allowed CKWS to stay on DT11 and dump a limited

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11 merely repeaters constructed after acquisition of the existing Quebec station. As the studios, master control facilities and largest audience are in Montreal, and the number of anglophones in mostly francophone Quebec City is small, this was a Montreal station in all but name. Like its sister

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communities. They intend to do so by using Bancroft's licence to operate a digital subchannel on a station which does not reach Bancroft. That will leave the same network running two different O&O's with the same content on different subchannels of the same transmitter, in a market which has

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band; in North America, this currently represents just twelve possible channels and in large markets any suitable allocations in this range were mostly full by the early 1950s. Occasionally, a prospective broadcaster could obtain one of these coveted positions by acquiring an existing station or

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network with low penetration into the general Milwaukee area and some local programming for Kenosha mixed within the general LeSEA schedule, WHKE (as it was known at the time) was purchased in 1995 by Paxson Communications to become the eventual Milwaukee station for the PAX network due to that

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750 million in 1999. Outbid by an outside buyer, NBC attempted to force the new owners to rebrand the station as "NBC 4" and greatly restrict the station's ability to schedule its programming differently from the main network. The new owners refused. NBC purchased the San Jose station for $ 230

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in 1969. Although CHSJ remained licensed to Saint John, some of the station's programming was produced in Fredericton due to that city's status as the provincial capital. The station was fully relocated to Fredericton in 1994 after becoming a fully owned-and-operated station of the network. The

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AM Brampton, the station originally operated with a mere 857 watts, first rebroadcasting existing AM programming, then adopting an alternative-rock format in which entire albums were broadcast nonstop with just a break for the AM operator to flip the LP over. The station has since changed hands

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regulations prevent carrying any additional, unique programming on digital subchannels without obtaining a second licence (and taking all the obligations which go with it) for each subchannel, returning just the spectrum (and keeping the licence) can be used as a means to recycle licences from

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Any policy favoring applicants for communities not already served by an existing station has had the unintended effect of encouraging applicants to merely list a small suburb of a large city, claiming to be the "first station in the community" even though the larger city is well served by many

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which rebroadcasts brokered religious programming and originates nothing, but which nominally holds a full-service VHF TV license. As one further wrinkle, leaving CKWS-DT on 11 means that commonly owned-and-operated CIII-TV-2 Bancroft cannot go digital as its assigned repack channel was DT11.

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station's transmitter remained on-the-air in its original location until its 2012 analogue shutdown, but its Fredericton digital successor never reached the city, leaving no watchable over-the-air CBC television in Saint John. Only a limited amount of OTA TV from private broadcasters remains.

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This may, at times, lead to confusion — while media directories normally list broadcast stations by their legal community of license, audiences often disregard (or may even be entirely unaware of) the distinction. For instance, for a short time while resolving a license conflict and ownership

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Canada's broadcast regulator allows existing broadcasters in a market to oppose applications from new entrants if the competition would harm the existing station. Any attempt to locate in Kingston would likely be opposed by that city's lone originating station. CIII-TV never got a Cornwall

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protection. As the only transmitters to be operating on then-valuable VHF channels at anything other than greatly-reduced power were licensed to Paris and Bancroft, both awkward outlying communities, the Paris transmitter was arbitrarily listed as the main station for the entire network.

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There also has been a de facto preference by regulators to encourage the assignment of broadcast licenses to smaller cities which otherwise would have no local voice, instead of allowing all broadcast activity to be concentrated in large metropolitan areas already served by many existing

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was expected to originate in one central studio location. In this context, the view of broadcast regulators held that an expedient way to ensure that content broadcast reflected the needs of a local community was to allocate local broadcast stations and studios to each individual city.

1641:(formerly known as the Sears Tower), but is licensed out-of-state. Its owners obtained this channel allocation by first buying an existing construction permit for a Gary, Indiana, station which had been licensed as Channel 56 but never built, then swapping its channel allocations with 414:

19, the FCC has waived this requirement; the station claimed that retaining an existing transmitter site 25.6 miles southeast of its new community of license of Jeannette would be in compliance with the commission's minimum distance separation requirements (avoiding interference to

1718:, headquarters, with WTMJ promoting subchannel availability of WPXE's networks occasionally. As of 2022, the only sign of WPXE's locality is WTMJ's engineer resolving transmitter and satellite faults, a local mailing address at WTMJ's Radio City studio, and its inclusion in WTMJ's 1074:

7 on the same channel, 175 miles away, in 1958.) The studio was moved to Watertown in 1971 and the signal moved from VHF DT7 to VHF DT8 in the 2020 repack, but the transmitter and license remain at their original location. UHF finally came to Watertown in 1971, when non-commercial

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market. The same transmitter can, by using two different licences in a "channel sharing" arrangement, have two different communities of licence - which may allow more flexibility for its location. It is also possible to mix commercial and non-commercial licences. In Canada, where

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had 5500 watts of analogue UHF, the digital signal is 185 watts - a tiny amount for what is nominally the only originating OTA TV station licensed to a beaten-path industrial city of more than 160,000 people. This tiny signal does, however, get CHEX a slot on digital cable in

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interprets this as requiring that every broadcast station "be licensed to the principal community or other political subdivision which it primarily serves." For each broadcast service, the FCC defines a standard for what it means to serve a community; for example, commercial

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acquired WBSV and in 2001 moved the transmitter from Venice to Riverview, increasing transmitter power and adopting its current Spanish-language « ¡vea! » identity (meaning "I see"). Prior to the move, WVEA's programming was seen on a low-powered channel in Tampa.

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programming in Boston on their signal, using the license of what is in technicality a low-power station. The station thus moved on January 18, 2018, from transmitting a low-power signal only serving Nashua, to a full-power signal transmitting 32 miles (51 km) away in

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moved WETP's main signal to physical channel UHF 24. Nonetheless, broadcasters and regulatory authorities are more likely to retain the original city of license, rather than bring unwanted scrutiny for taking away a small community's only station, which may be a mark of

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regulations in broadcasting and a change in Canadian tax regulation by which Canadian companies could no longer use advertising purchased on non-Canadian broadcast stations as a tax deduction. The station also later carried some programming syndicated from the Canadian

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television or radio signals over the mountains was to build a station atop one of the mountain peaks. This occasionally left stations with a distant mountaintop (or its nearest small crossroads) as the historical city of license, even though the audience was elsewhere.

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which transmits both WNYI and WDSS-LD, gaining must-carry rights. As with Equity, there has never been a local staff under Daystar ownership. As Daystar features a default national schedule and does not solicit advertising, there is no local content on the station.

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There are a few rare exceptions, even in the US. US low-power FM stations were originally introduced with far more stringent broadcast localism requirements than any other station class. Broadcast regulators may also add extra restrictions to one specific licence:

805:, the five-tube AM radio with no FM tuning capability and limited audio quality was common; later advances in receiver design were to make good-quality FM commonplace (even though most AM/FM stereo receivers still have severely limited AM frequency response and no 1467:

was a distant third-place network with limited resources which struggled through much of the 1950s. By 1952, only 27 of the top 50 US markets had three or more VHF TV stations. Much like other two-station markets, the two commercial Tulsa VHF stations carried CBS

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requires that "the Commission shall make such distribution of licenses, frequencies, hours of operation, and of ower among the several States and communities as to provide a fair, efficient, and equitable distribution of radio service to each of the same." The

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applications to base a future digital transmitter within Allegheny County that would still give Jeannette a decent signal. Its current calls mentions Pittsburgh's initial, along with emulating KDKA's calls partially to further muddle the station's actual city.

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When dealing with multiple competing US radio station applications, current FM allotment priorities are: (1) first full-time aural service; (2) second full-time aural service; (3) first local aural transmission service; and (4) Other public interest matters.

528:, Green Bay/Fox Cities"); Green Bay-licensed stations thus still carry an official identification, while providing the ability for stations licensed to other places in the region to officially prefix their name before the mention of "Green Bay/Fox Cities". 3808:

Much of the early content was sponsor-controlled, created by ad agencies or produced on a low budget. ABC TV (US) likely only survived the 1950s due to an injection of equity from United Paramount Theatres and because of the demise of the fourth-ranked

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on the TVA owned-and-operated flagship. Québécor owns both Vidéotron cable and the TVA network, which may explain their desire not to carry CKWS-DT-2 on Vidéotron in Gatineau. The station that CKWS-TV claims to be trying to protect by staying on DT11?

3462:) as the main station. Eventually UHF's perceived disadvantage was diminished by cable and the start of the digital era. Meanwhile, CIII-TV obtained a Toronto allocation (UHF 41) and took the outlying station dark (the UHF 22 allocation later went to 2996:

or be underpowered to the point of putting a "B" grade signal into the community at best. On anything less than a huge rooftop antenna, the station is unwatchable — but, even if the underlying over-the-air signal was not valuable, the corresponding

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network's strategy of buying low-rated outlying stations to quickly launch their network, and since then the station has drifted continuously north of their city of license. The station's analog tower was actually located in north-central

2239:–based studio. San Diego (channels 8 and 10), Los Angeles (channels 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13) and Santa Barbara (channel 3) had already been allocated as early as 1952, with the remaining pair of VHF channels (6 and 12) allocated to 1370:

and, on paper at least, purports to be rebroadcasting CHRO (VHF 5, a standard-definition analog station) from Pembroke. Technically, this is an impossibility — legally, however, the Pembroke transmitter is still the primary station.

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which barely reached Philadelphia despite applying for ever-increasing amounts of power, WTVE had always been close to going off the air serving only Reading with various shopping and religious networks, along with a short-lived

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unless they had the same owner and same community of licence. This restriction, which no longer exists in the US, affected many other established radio broadcasters who'd looked elsewhere for an outlying VHF TV slot, including

3580:. That local programming remains today. Non-US stations are subject to their own nation's rules — a full-power rebroadcaster is easier to licence in Canada or México, but an originating station in Canada must gather local news. 3329:

restrict it from moving additional stations into that city. The city of license has therefore remained at Smiths Falls, a small town of roughly 80 km distant, and the station was absent from the (now-defunct) Ottawa-Hull

2899:, Ontario's original "Global Television Network" repeater chain, signed on in 1974 in an already densely-packed stretch of the beaten-path Windsor-Quebec corridor in which few desirable channels were available. Cities such as 3414:, Canada's largest francophone television market. After the 2012 digital switchover, the network became exclusive to cable and satellite as it was decided to shut down its transmitters rather than converting them to digital. 659:

The term "city" has in some cases been relaxed to mean "community", often including the unincorporated areas around the city that share a mailing address. This sometimes leads to inconsistencies, such as the licensing of one

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to rebroadcast another station. These are most often non-commercial educational stations or stations serving thinly populated areas which otherwise would be too small to support an independent local full-service broadcaster.

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The majority of these transmitters were not licensed to the primary community served. Many were underpowered, short-spaced or in undesirable locations - often just putting enough signal into key communities to obtain cable

1682:, just close enough to serve the northern reaches of the Milwaukee area and still provide a city grade signal to Kenosha. The station has no Kenosha facilities and before the 2021 purchase of their parent company by the 1572:

moratorium on new channel allocations in Pittsburgh by listing Jeannette, a small community of 11,000 people technically in the Pittsburgh market area, as the new city of license for an existing station. Effectively a

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and, until 1969, broadcast from a studio in the basement of the church. Multiple changes of ownership, location, format and callsign (the station went bankrupt more than once) ended with Infinity Broadcasting (now

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required UHF tuners in all 1964-model or later US TV receivers; that's too late for many stations which launched in the 1950s. ACRA did not apply to Canada, where 12-channel TV's continued to be sold through the

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and adding a news bureau there — but because it was affiliated with television networks that already had other affiliates in Ottawa proper, it was restricted to cable distribution. It was eventually acquired by

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network, which did not yet have a station in Vancouver. Despite the tax changes, the station continued to face claims that it was "draining" advertising revenue from the Vancouver stations, most notably in the

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Occasionally, individual stations in a full-power rebroadcaster chain will be licensed to outlying communities to ensure spacing which locates them to avoid unnecessary overlap with other stations in the same

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Until the 1970s, KCND was a tiny originating station in a just-as-tiny town on the Manitoba-North Dakota border. Its programming largely targeted Winnipeg, the largest community in the region. Ultimately, the

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avoided this issue by signing on two full-power transmitters (Watertown and Norwood) with identical content. A commercial station likely could not do the same without proof of economic hardship in some form.

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often target programming toward the entire market rather than the official home community, and often move their studio facilities to the larger urban centre as well. For instance, the Canadian radio station

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market in Canada; in fact, when the station launched in 1953 it was the first television station available over the air in the Vancouver market at all, as television was just being introduced to Canada and

3466:, but at much less power). The station's Toronto rebroadcaster on channel 41 (CIII-TV-41) became the originating broadcaster legally as defined by the CRTC for the CIII/Global Ontario network in mid-2009. 1019:

8 Cornwall was the first Canadian OTA TV station to fail; it was a local CBC TV affiliate station originating content from 1959 to 1963 but could not compete with the network's owned-and-operated station,

342:

A 1988 precedent case (Faye and Richard Tuck, 3 FCC Rcd 5374, 1988) created the "Tuck Analysis" as a standard which attempts to address the Suburban Community Problem on a case-by-case basis by examining:

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Exceptions to these rules have been made by regulators, primarily on a case-by-case basis, to deal with "satellite stations": transmitters which are licensed to comply with the technical requirements of

215:

removal of the requirement that stations originate local content greatly weakens the significance of maintaining a local main studio. A facility capable of originating programming and feeding it to a

119:(FCC) makes other requirements on stations relative to their communities of license; these requirements have varied over time. One example is the requirement for stations to identify themselves, by 4781:

Alex Strachan, "Goodbye ckvu, hello Citytv: What's in store for Vancouver: Famous for its Speakers Corner, the people behind the newly launched network say they are after a non-traditional market".

3285:, already having the maximum number of commonly owned stations in a market. Additional stations would be possible by transmitting the extra signals from a station technically in an adjacent market. 1488:

to support a commercial television station. Its owner at the time, KTUL radio, was already well-established in Tulsa. It would be 1999 before Muskogee got another station of its own, CW affiliate

896:) buying the station in 1986 and moving the studios to Burbank the following year and it is currently located in Los Angeles' Miracle Mile district. The city of license still indicates Pasadena. 3261:

WNYI to digital. The station was sold in a bankruptcy sale with several others. Daystar, the new owner, had to build out the digital facilities themselves or forfeit the license after one year

1799:

of digital TV. As the bulk of this power (126 kW) was assigned to the Philadelphia transmitter, this configuration was effectively a full-power Philadelphia station with a series of small

2578: 2546:

Based in Bellingham, a city that was considered far too small to support a television station on its own, for much of its history the station actively targeted the much larger metropolitan

1155:

was activated, and its community of license was shifted to Milwaukee as the FCC learned how to better finesse distancing requirements and allow some exceptions depending on area geography.

3184:

has obtained CRTC permission to not carry CKWS-TV - but nothing precludes Corus from using CKWS-DT-2's licence and a digital subchannel on the Ottawa transmitter to attempt to get back on

1123:

WITI originally signed on in 1956 with the North Shore suburb of Whitefish Bay as nominal community of license operating from a transmission site far north of Milwaukee in the then-rural

2617:

cable channel, becoming an example of both a border blaster and a last-available frequency for Univision (which prefers main channel carriage to any subchannel arrangements nationwide).

698:

Often, the city of license does not correspond to the location of the station itself, of the primary audience or of the communities identified in the station's branding and advertising.

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in analogue will not be reached at all. Hence the temptation to not convert a station like CIII-TV-2, to defer its conversion through administrative means, relocate it or take it dark.

3144:. Fearful of being dropped from cable in additional communities, they established three underpowered UHF rebroadcasters (26 Prescott, 36 Smiths Falls, 66 Brighton); as Canada licences 1318:

as the only way to readily enter the market, in some cases being left with a station in a suburban, outlying or adjacent-market area if that were the only facility available for sale.

3644:

in the 1950s and early 1960s. There was also a loophole to accommodate stations which no longer reached their original communities of license after having sold their spectrum in the

3140:. When the Ottawa cable system dropped CKWS to make room for more speciality channels, station management realised that many of the cable systems which carried CKWS 11 were under no 2647:

licence in return for his acquiring the non-licence assets of KCND-TV (which he can not legally operate, being Canadian) and taking it off the air. Canwest went on to operate as the

1532:

on September 12, 2005, over KRON's objections. The station's license and newly built studios remain in San Jose and the station has well-lapped KRON-TV, which is now affiliated with

575:

Often, a station will keep a tiny outlying community in its licensing and on-air identity long after the original rationale for choosing that location is no longer truly applicable.

145:

recorders in 1956 (which allowed local content to be easily generated off-site and transported to stations), the growing portability of broadcast-quality production equipment due to

1183:

East Tennessee Public Television was founded in 1967 with a transmitter atop Short Mountain in tiny Sneedville (pop. 1000) as the only location which could reach both Knoxville and

1706:

from WTMJ, At the same time with the 2019 repeal of the Main Studio Rule, it (and many of its sister Ion stations, including WTPX) share a technical 'studio facility' based within

406:, but in the digital age, WTTK is for all intents and purposes the station's main signal, transmitting from the traditional Indianapolis transmitter site). In some cases, such as 2865:

some mix of all three. That can leave transmitters licensed to some very strange or tiny places. This happened to some degree with networks which signed on in the 1960s, such as

219:

must still exist, but under normal conditions there most often is no requirement that these local studio actually be in active use to originate any specific local programming.

778:

and Windsor, Ontario. The UHF 16 Wheatley transmitter proved inadequate to cover Windsor so, in 1995, a Windsor repeater was deployed on channel 60. Newsrooms are in Windsor.

1604:

on cable in Johnstown, its former community of license. No physical connection of this station with the small community of Jeannette has ever existed except as a very clever

750:

from studios in Regina. Both cities are now served by local FM repeaters of CBK, yet the original clear-channel AM 540 and the community of license remain with tiny Watrous.

4844:"Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2002-364, 13 November 2002, Rogers Broadcasting, Transitional digital radio undertaking associated with CIOX-FM Smiths Falls (CKBY-FM), (denied)" 1690:, with its engineering often coming from a rotating employee also engineering other Ion stations across the Upper Midwest; the Glendale studio also served as the studio for 1649:

member station also licensed to Gary, Indiana. WYIN had been refused a Sears Tower transmitter location as Chicago had two locally licensed PBS member stations before 2017.

2968:) less than 120 miles distant - and this at a time when full-power VHF TV co-channel stations were typically spaced 175-200 miles (280-320km) apart to prevent interference. 2605:, with both stations broadcasting the company's six digital broadcast networks in tandem across the Seattle market. In 2024, it began to carry the Spanish-language network 612: 112:

FM stations need only provide a field strength of 1 mV/m over 50% of the community's population. This electric field contour is called the "principal community contour".

78:, both in radio and later also in television, based on the legislative presumption that a broadcaster fills a similar role to that held by community newspaper publishers. 2923:

are notable by their absence from the network's original roster. The five transmitters on-air in 1984 (after a decade of operation as a struggling "third network") were:

1568:

station, one of the rare instances in which the community of license for an existing channel has successfully been changed. WPKD-TV (then WTWB) managed to circumvent an

4894: 4819:

signoff (1984) at www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCwHMFgW7Pw lists five transmitters, most in outlying markets, at reduced power or on less-desirable UHF channel assignments.

335:. Transmitters are now in downtown Atlanta.) The same is true for WJSU, which served East Alabama with local news until the station was merged into a triplex to form 535:

relevant to the particular community, or even necessarily to operate or transmit from that community. Accordingly, stations licensed to smaller communities in major

3136:, from its 1954 inception until the network dumped its affiliate stations in 2015. It used to be carried on CATV systems as far north as Ottawa and as far south as 475: 4141: 1893:. Due to misconduct in its operations, RKO General was threatened with loss of its license to operate many of its broadcast stations, including WOR. RKO convinced 4501: 1581:(a small borough near Johnstown) and is inadequate to properly cover Pittsburgh over-the-air, this nominal community of license in the Pittsburgh market confers " 4551: 3265:. Daystar also launched a translator, WDSS-LD, which served Syracuse itself. Eventually, it used the spectrum auction to build out a full-power transmitter from 1131:(which has since been incorporated as the City of Mequon) as the allocation of VHF 6 to Milwaukee itself at the time would have left the station short-spaced to 4569: 2988:

Sometimes, putting a usable over-the-air signal into the primary community served is anywhere from second-priority to not a priority at all. A station could be

4664: 2816:. WNET broadcast from a shared master antenna atop the World Trade Center. Its community of license remains at Newark because the only means to acquire scarce 2613:, ended their affiliation to become a CW affiliate, bringing the network over-the-air into Canada for the first time and conflicting with Univision's domestic 3645: 3550:

It is possible for two stations to have the same studio location and transmit from the same mast at the same site, but be licensed to different communities;

3013: 1804: 616: 4106: 4089: 4072: 4055: 4039: 3768:

Many early permits were left unbuilt and eventually cancelled as the vast majority of the UHF pioneers who launched during the 1952 land rush were already

2199:

A south-of-the-border station licensed to a tiny border village of 760 people. Owned by US-based Border International Broadcasting, but operated through a

2960:

on VHF 6 (at one-eighth the typical power for a station in its class, and on a sharp directional pattern focussed on Ottawa). This station had to protect

149:, and the elimination of requirements (in 1987 for most classes of US broadcast stations) that broadcasters originate any minimum amount of local content. 2559:, an event of much greater relevance to Vancouver than to Bellingham. In later years the station launched a production office in the Vancouver suburb of 4681: 953:

Transmitter primarily served Kingston, but its construction at full-power in Kingston itself would have resulted in interference to a small part of the

1807:, it signed a channel-sharing agreement with a smaller lower-power station, was able to move its COL to Willow Grove, and transmit from Philadelphia's 4899: 4254:"Copps/Adelstein, FCC, 2008, re: FM (Evergreen, Alabama and Shalimar, Florida, MB Docket 04-219), (Lincoln and Sherman, Illinois, MM Docket 01-120)" 1094:

did make it to air a few months after WWNY, but all subsequent new entrants were forced to outlying communities or UHF on both sides of the border.

4001: 3799:(four full-power VHF transmitters) is one such commercial station, but only qualifies due to an extreme rural location on the North Dakota border. 3589:

It is possible for an applicant to petition the FCC for rulemaking to change the table of allotments, but it is a long bureaucratic process. The

1028:

CTV member station CJOH-TV into the Montreal market. The VHF 8 slot could not be assigned to Montréal directly, in order to protect co-channel

809:

decoders). Eventually FM spectrum became a very scarce commodity in many markets as AM stations moved to the FM dial, relegating AM largely to

492:

If the station is licensed in the primary city served, on occasion the station will list a second city or region next to it. For example, the

4191: 4843: 4484: 2034:

full-power signal the main station in the NBC Boston service; the current WYCN-CD has since undergone a transmitter move and re-licensing to

2944:

on UHF 22 (at the full 5000kW, the most powerful in the nation, but on an undesirable suburban UHF allocation nowhere near downtown Toronto)

350:

the relative population size and distance between the suburban community and the urban market (the "Relative Size and Distance Factor"); and

4707: 3001:

slots in the various communities it was almost serving were. Any full-service domestic signal above some arbitrary minimum had access to "

4213: 1844:

A Spanish-language station licensed to Venice, a community nearly 60 miles away from its Tampa studios and nearly 55 miles away from its

1353:

Launched in the small city of Pembroke in 1961, the station struggled for financial viability until gaining carriage on cable systems in

1294:" as part of its on-air identity but the community of license, once chosen, is not easily modified. The station moved its transmitter to 3982: 319:, has lost local content from both TV and FM stations which were re-targeted at one of the two larger urban centers or moved outright. ( 4429: 1926: 4022: 2385: 1302:, and in January 2011, the city of license was authorized to become Plattsburgh. In 2019, the station relocated their main studios to 353:

the independence of the suburban community, based on various factors that would indicate self-sufficiency (the "Independence Factor").

3168:

is not valuable to the network, but the associated cable "must carry" status is - especially if the licence can be used to operate a

1934:

to maintain any physical presence in their city of license of Secaucus, and the station's operations were merged into that of sister

2965: 2750: 2564: 2339:

in San Diego, announced plans to create a Telemundo O&O station. Telemundo programming was later moved to the recently acquired

1901:

to introduce a bill in Congress guaranteeing an automatic renewal of a station's license if it moved to a state that did not have a

1569: 637: 201: 116: 92: 4798: 2726:. The FCC had allocated only one VHF channel to Tallahassee, which was already in use by Florida State University's noncommercial 2563:, and for some time it was actually spending more money on Canadian television production than any Canadian media company but the 3326: 3282: 3244:

rights for advertising over it, it had little incentive to carry WNYI, whose signal range was not city-grade into Syracuse, thus

2788:

12 Wilmington went off the air in 1958, WHYY applied to serve Wilmington as channel 12 was the nearest available VHF allocation.

2272:

and shut down its news operation. It ended English-language programming on May 31, 2017, with Canal 5 programming moving to 6.1.

2194: 4173: 3108:

already lost most of its Canadian OTA TV (CBC, SRC, TVO, CTV) and is only still viable for OTA due to cross-border reception of

1917:, WOR relocated the station's operations to a business park in their new city of license, Secaucus (located directly across the 4502:

https://web.archive.org/web/20110810230737/http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0105/DA-10-2443A1.pdf

2866: 1760: 513: 255:

The requirement that a full-service station maintain local presence in its community of license has been used by proponents of

3675:

Watertown NY in 1952-54 would have been free to request allotment of any full-power VHF TV channel which is not co-channel to

1403:. After numerous additional license violations over the next number of years, the CRTC revoked the station's license in 2010. 4456: 3531: 2429:, CW 15 Rio-Grande formerly broadcast news via a Mexican-owned station fed from a US-based studio. It is a sister station of 1848:

transmitter site, in a Tampa suburb. WVEA originally was an unprofitable English-language independent WBSV, which served the

1574: 691:

The definition of a "community" also comes into play when a broadcaster wants to take a station away from a tiny hamlet like

168: 3594: 2555:

did not launch until about six months later. Its debut broadcast on its very first day of operations was a kinescope of the

1819:

rights with no interest in running them traditionally, and currently runs a schedule dominated by paid programming on WTVE.

4381: 1036:, channel 8 was carried on cable in Montreal for many years; it was ultimately dropped from Vidéotron as, once CJOH-TV and 640:

maintains a Table of Allotments, which assigns individual channel frequencies to individual cities or communities for both

3641: 2586: 2480:

network. The station left the air at the end of 2021, after letting its concession on the station expire without renewal.

2006: 1464: 1449: 1391:

After going into bankruptcy in 2002, the station was acquired by Pellpropco, a company which repurposed the station as a

701:

Some of the more common reasons for a community of license to be listed as a point far from the actual audience include:

1905:

commercial television station under a claim of 'underservement'. Under that very specific criteria, only New Jersey and

230:

has greatly weakened the role and importance of manual control by staff at the nominal local station studio facilities.

4124: 2797: 2762: 2002: 1646: 1164: 235: 4149: 1600:. The main transmitters never were moved, and soon after taking a license to serve Jeannette the station applied for 279:

Similar criteria were extended to competing applicants for non-commercial stations by US legislation passed in 2000.

4662: 2741:

49 also transmits from tiny Metcalf, a community on the state line; this compromise location attempts to reach both

2259:. The station, which carried ABC from 1956 to 1973, was a charter Fox affiliate until 2008, when San Diego-licensed 3590: 3394:

TFO (Télé-Française d'Ontario) was a repeater chain broadcasting the same signal in 17 cities and towns with large

3331: 3161: 2885: 2556: 2264: 2171: 2030:

network. In the summer of 2019 NBC coordinated a callsign swap between the two stations which made the now-WBTS-CD

1788: 1745: 1080: 1059: 965:) coverage area. The station was therefore built further west, on Mount Carmel in Deseronto, to cover Kingston and 398:; however, the transmitter is located farther south than the other stations in that city because it is licensed to 297: 109: 87: 4635:"FCC In re Petition of: Venture Technologies Group, Inc. CSR-5094-A For Modification of Market of Station WNPA-TV" 3861:

transmitter as that city is in the Montréal market, which was subject to a moratorium on new entrants at the time.

3790:, some 90mi distant. A single full-power UHF transmitter is not enough to cover the entire market. Non-commercial 3220:, instead has been used to provide another network to the larger Syracuse market with little success. Launched by 3893: 3810: 3475: 3454:

community could have reasonably been chosen as nominal city of license, but to do so would be to name a suburban

3423: 3157: 3075: 2892: 2648: 2560: 2407: 2369: 2252: 2200: 2070: 1776: 1578: 1418: 1303: 1124: 978: 176: 64: 4505: 4277:"MM Docket No. 97-96 Table of Allotments, RM-8756 TV Broadcast Stations (Johnstown and Jeannette, Pennsylvania)" 4253: 4162: 1366:

system. CHUM subsequently centralized the station's operations and studios in Ottawa. The Ottawa transmitter is

4322:"MM Docket No. 89-686 Table of Allotments FM Broadcast Stations. RM-7035 (Eatonton and Sandy Springs, Georgia)" 3773: 2457: 2397: 2175: 2047: 2035: 1935: 1808: 1784: 1715: 1679: 1298:, Vermont, in the digital age to centralize its signal with the rest of the market's stations licensed east of 1118: 685: 431: 265: 120: 2950:

on VHF 2 (at 87kW - and later increased to the full 100kW, but in the speck-on-a-map unincorporated hamlet of

1226:) - lower ground which in turn would be surrounded by tall mountain peaks. The only reliable means to get the 426:). Another extreme example of a station's transmitter located far from the city of license is the FM station 124:

miles of the community's geographic center was discontinued in December 2017 when the regulation was amended.

2722:

First broadcast in 1955 from a studio in Tallahassee, but was licensed to Thomasville using a transmitter in

2335:

in September 2018. The station was formerly a Telemundo affiliate until June 30, 2017, after NBC, which owns

2133:

to fulfill the FCC-required engineer and general manager duties at its transmitter site and 'main studio' in

911:, a minimum distance is maintained between stations operating on the same frequency in different markets. On 3898: 3340: 1931: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1565: 1559: 1528:

million in 2001, moving their network programming on January 1, 2002, and relocating KNTV's transmitters to

1184: 908: 505: 416: 407: 172: 4292: 2585:

in 1996; the station finally lost much of its remaining market share in the Vancouver market following the

1214:

In hilly or mountainous regions, a city would often be built in a waterfront or lakeside location (such as

4889: 3526: 3517: 3104: 2993: 2989: 2870: 2537: 2502: 2023: 1977: 1751: 1719: 1477: 1436: 1053: 1033: 1001: 938: 774:

Founded 1993 as an independent local television station, licensed to Wheatley in an attempt to serve both

681: 677: 591:

on VHF channel 2. It met the minimum distance requirements to two other channel 2 stations in the region,

447: 328: 293: 4864:

Government of Canada, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) (June 6, 2009).

4308: 1427:

affiliate with the call sign CHSJ-TV, the station became the CBC affiliate for the entire province after

4647: 3925: 3912: 3322: 3316: 3233: 3221: 3165: 2912: 2830: 2633: 2511: 2416: 2134: 1973: 1963: 1811:

tower site, then turned off the DTS system. WTVE and its channel-sharing partner were soon purchased by

1764: 1741: 1683: 1283: 1279: 1260: 1215: 1178: 1173: 741: 588: 576: 324: 1980:

community station serving Nashua carrying low-interest networks out of primetime, but was purchased by

2121:. The station uses a highly directional transmitter array, aimed so strongly at Toronto that parts of 1608:. The station's old WPCW call sign was marketed using the slogan "Pittsburgh's CW", and has filed two 3997: 3907: 3666:

may therefore allow access to programming which might not be available to a Windsor-licensed station.

3451: 3201: 3145: 3074:

One of the original six CKGN-TV transmitters from the initial net signon, claiming to be a fledgling

2842: 2834: 2813: 2772: 2717: 2712: 2496: 2110: 2104: 1925:), and obtained an automatic license renewal, though their transmission facilities remained atop the 1880: 1800: 1772: 1597: 1524: 1511: 1271: 1265: 1169: 1152: 882: 736: 692: 665: 584: 532: 517: 459: 423: 399: 243: 227: 4598: 2312:, this station is fed from studios in San Diego, US. The same US-based facilities also formerly fed 3769: 3389: 3262: 3153: 3109: 3100: 3006: 2951: 2731: 2598: 2073:

or adjacent-market licenses to circumvent limits on the number of stations under common ownership.

1687: 1609: 1549: 1287: 1219: 970: 966: 888: 873: 569: 565: 509: 482: 435: 316: 256: 75: 4847: 4609: 4481: 3576:

on condition that the licence, station ID and 2.5 hours/week of community programming remain with

3490:

Similarly, from the station's launch until 2009, Quebec was the city of license and Montreal 46 /

1803:

covering the original service area and city of license. (Reading itself got 760 watts.) After the

1714:, though all of its operations outside of over-the-air signal transmission are based out of Ion's 446:

market to the north. In 2015, the station was allowed by the FCC to move their city of license to

4621: 4321: 4276: 3217: 3206: 3169: 3018: 2850: 2807: 2541: 2381: 2332: 2161: 1853: 1845: 1668: 1529: 1459: 1064: 948: 680:, which is one of the largest cities in the state, and was at the time an unincorporated part of 652: 486: 478: 45: 4799:"Future of NYC Broadcast TV Moving to 1 WTC - The Broadcast Bridge - Connecting IT to Broadcast" 63:

within a prescribed distance of the community which the station is licensed to serve appears in

2589:, both being bumped from its position on the cable dial in Vancouver to make space for the new 2506:

class C2 signal reaches much of Montreal proper, and even some of its northern suburbs such as

2069:. This may provide access to less restrictive broadcast regulation or represent a means to use 4524: 3787: 3662: 3459: 3266: 3237: 3133: 3127: 3096: 3069: 3064: 2947: 2941: 2920: 2916: 2777:

Originally licensed in 1957 as channel 35 Philadelphia. In an era where TV manufacturers were

2746: 2742: 2281: 2189: 2126: 2027: 1849: 1691: 1348: 1136: 1128: 1091: 1084: 1011: 943: 769: 669: 572:. The station returned to its Los Angeles city of license after the transaction was complete. 536: 308: 4005: 3005:" protection, could request favourable placement on the dial and (in Canada) could engage in 1523:

4, a San Francisco affiliate which NBC had unsuccessfully attempted to purchase outright for

1484:) obtained FCC approval in 1957 to move to Lookout Mountain, KCEB's former site in Tulsa, by 775: 4634: 4433: 3658: 3507: 3403: 3211: 3173: 3089: 2998: 2908: 2900: 2778: 2723: 2614: 2568: 2438: 2313: 2301: 2216: 2167: 2118: 1981: 1969: 1396: 1103: 1006: 764: 467: 4408:"A selection from a decade of visits to tower and studio sites in the Northeast and beyond" 4236:"A selection from a decade of visits to tower and studio sites in the Northeast and beyond" 3983:"The FCC's Main Studio Rule: Achieving Little for Localism at a Great Cost to Broadcasters" 3814: 3446:, although the main studios were located in Toronto. A chain of repeaters covering most of 1942:

by 2019 in Manhattan, with the former New Jersey studios being demolished as of June 2019.

1698:. Since then, its engineering operations have been consolidated with Scripps NBC affiliate 746:

The original historic AM transmitter was built in Watrous in 1939 to serve both Regina and

4682:"Booker, Menendez want new rules to ensure Secaucus-based TV station provides NJ coverage" 4668: 4537: 4488: 4336:"Bell Media Inc. – Licence renewals for English-language television stations and services" 4296: 3254: 3241: 3137: 3122: 3082: 2957: 2929: 2904: 2785: 2328: 2295: 2230: 1839: 1454: 1295: 1144: 1025: 801:

stations held the largest audiences and much of the FM spectrum lay vacant. In the era of

403: 260: 4599:

NBC to buy San Jose's KNTV, Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal, December 17, 2001

3911:

Instead, it will go dark; its licence will be assigned to a digital subchannel on CKWS's

2683:

permit in an adjacent community - although in some cases this meant a move out-of-state.

1480:

failed in its first year) before landing on this outlying station in Muskogee. KTVX (now

862:

format. Effectively now a Toronto station, the city of license still indicates Brampton.

70:

Various specific obligations have been applied to broadcasters by governments to fulfill

4570:"NBC5 Continues Long-Standing Commitment to North Country, Announces Studio in New York" 4109: 4092: 4042: 2268:

to the CW after failing to reach an agreement with the network, which later switched to

4768: 4075: 4058: 3933:

Smiths Falls broadcaster by giving it added autonomy it would not have had in the city.

3512: 3439: 3433: 3229: 2935: 2881: 2445: 2251:

TV broadcaster to San Diego without unacceptable interference was therefore to enter a

2174:, the station has a local marketing agreement with Radio India. Studios are located in 2066: 2051: 1834: 1711: 1674: 1658: 1424: 1386: 1299: 1223: 982: 958: 501: 377:

While becoming less meaningful over the decades, stations are still required to post a

347:

the station's proposed signal coverage over the urbanized area (the "Coverage Factor");

223: 101: 4586: 2938:

on VHF 6 (at the full 100kW, the most allocated to a station of this class in Ontario)

2476:

channel 15 due to Mexico's national remapping of channels, including channel 2 to the

402:, 50 miles south of Indianapolis (it maintains a satellite station, WTTK, licensed to 141:

The nominal main studio requirement has become less relevant with the introduction of

4883: 4783: 4753: 4738: 4177: 3573: 3022: 2802: 2507: 2477: 2263:

took over the affiliation. The digital age allowed XETV to affiliate with Televisa's

2138: 2130: 1914: 1909:

met those requirements (both states being dually served by stations from New York or

1875: 1703: 1632: 1605: 1506: 1199:

to the east. A local signal was extended into Knoxville itself in 1990 using WKOP, a

1148: 661: 633: 357:

Despite the best intentions of regulators, the system remains prone to manipulation.

332: 71: 41: 4407: 4385: 4026: 3253:

to digital or go dark in 2009. Equity went bankrupt that year, at the height of the

3156:, which has owned CHEX/CKWS since the turn of the millennium, acquired third-ranked 2141:

rules, all the station's staff and programming originate from the Toronto suburb of

2050:, which moved its transmitter over thirty years from New Hampshire into the core of 1306:, keeping a relocated and downsized news bureau and backup facility in Plattsburgh. 1040:

were both owned by the network, they were largely duplicating the same programming.

292:

before Berwick, a prospective broadcaster, could locate transmitters midway between

4865: 4829: 4335: 3185: 2767: 1986: 1918: 1910: 1898: 1736: 1638: 1392: 1359: 395: 382: 4460: 3611:, poaching a vacant 9 Elmira and moving that allocation to Syracuse required that 3197: 3177: 2651:

until it was broken up in a 2010 bankruptcy, with the television stations sold to

2441: 1828: 1759:

affiliation. Instead of building one main digital transmitter, WTVE constructed a

381:

somewhere within 25 miles of the city, and to cover the entire city with a local

3485: 3395: 2877: 2678:

In the early days of television, the majority of stations could be found on the

2434: 2320: 2142: 2046:(channel 60) into Providence as a satellite station; WNEU itself is licensed to 1890: 1870: 1857: 1731: 1622: 1533: 1413: 877: 859: 802: 561: 386: 378: 216: 3438:

From its launch in 1974 until 2009, this station's primary city of license was

3160:

from Shaw (a company under common control) in 2016, making the stations Global

2745:(45 mi) and Tallahassee (25 mi). Its callsign references TLH, IATA's 2593:

and losing Citytv as a programming source due to that network's acquisition of

17: 3577: 3491: 3245: 3149: 3141: 3002: 2976: 2829:. The studios are in New York City; the transmitters have moved back from the 2652: 1894: 1816: 1707: 1601: 1582: 1554: 1362:

in 1997, and added an over-the-air transmitter in Ottawa after joining CHUM's

1041: 810: 641: 621: 521: 466:, and thus identifies as "WOIO Shaker Heights-Cleveland." Similarly, northern 443: 146: 4125:"Re: Modification of Facilities of KGAC(FM), Saint Peter, MN (BPED-970203IC)" 3640:

A rare few exceptions were made to accommodate the then-fledgling third-rank

3172:

on the commonly-owned Ottawa repeater CIII-DT-6 and reach the larger market.

624:, only to move it to some larger center which already has multiple stations. 4174:"CFR 47 § 73.7002 Fair distribution of service on reserved band FM channels" 3952: 3831: 3522: 3463: 3443: 3399: 3258: 3250: 3225: 2656: 2606: 2547: 2528: 2523: 2485: 2449: 2430: 2354: 2286: 2236: 2221: 2156: 2039: 1998: 1922: 1886: 1756: 1686:, had their office in a small office suite the northern Milwaukee suburb of 1663: 1376: 1113: 1099: 1029: 850: 806: 747: 596: 493: 463: 439: 367:

Commissioners Copps & Adelstein, Federal Communications Commission, 2008

239: 142: 105: 3009:

to take ad revenue from other stations already carrying the same content.

2895:

were often a motley collection of outlying stations in their early years.

2384:, with XHITZ and XERTA on a portion of the FM band otherwise reserved for 2170:

radio station licensed to the border town of Blaine, Washington. Owned by

2026:, with NBC programming, sports and Boston news replacing the repeat-heavy 1593:

Pittsburgh and city-grade coverage for Pittsburgh itself is supplied by a

4736:

William Boei, "KVOS turned off by groups bidding for Vancouver license".

4235: 3881: 3728: 3480: 3411: 3181: 2628: 2491: 2465: 2461: 2426: 2393: 2373: 2348: 2316: 2277: 2256: 2212: 2122: 2005:

then made an arrangement where WYCN would be purchased from OTA by NBC's

1989:

was looking for both a full-market station and a way to broadcast their "

1906: 1796: 1673:

A station which came on the air in 1988 as an affiliate of the religious

1291: 1275: 1187:, on this frequency without being short-spaced to co-channel stations in 962: 855: 844: 798: 790: 730: 645: 548:, although its studio and transmitter facilities are located in downtown 545: 97: 56: 4766:

Keith Damsell, "U.S. independent KVOS TV holding its own in Vancouver".

3236:, with the only local contributions being limited local advertising. As 3164:

in 2018. The tiny 130-watt Prescott-licensed digital UHF transmitter in

1435:, the province's only other television station at the time, switched to 183: 4816: 3957: 3889: 3885: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3791: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3603: 3555: 3551: 3471: 3447: 3428: 3419: 3407: 3384: 3375: 3336: 3305: 3117: 3059: 3039:

abandoned, defunct outlying stations for use elsewhere in the network.

2896: 2838: 2758: 2727: 2644: 2622: 2610: 2594: 2590: 2582: 2552: 2532: 2377: 2359: 2340: 2305: 2291: 2269: 2260: 2240: 2226: 2204: 2099: 2065:

Occasionally, a community on an international border is served using a

2018: 2014: 1994: 1947: 1866: 1824: 1812: 1699: 1695: 1627: 1618: 1590: 1545: 1520: 1489: 1473: 1469: 1432: 1428: 1408: 1400: 1381: 1367: 1338: 1196: 1188: 1160: 1140: 1088: 1076: 1071: 1049: 1037: 1016: 998: 990: 974: 935: 867: 839: 833: 755: 608: 604: 580: 557: 549: 541: 525: 508:", as St. Petersburg is another major city in the market. To encompass 471: 411: 312: 48:

is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator.

4491:, MM Docket No. 99-238, RM-9669 (North Pole and Plattsburgh, New York) 3759:. There were also minimum distances between adjacent-channel stations. 2038:, eventually revealed to be an extension of WBTS-CD's sister station, 4349: 3929: 3450:, the choice for the nominal primary station was an arbitrary one. A 3311: 3030: 2738: 2573: 2469: 2420: 2401: 2363: 2324: 2309: 2244: 2114: 2109:

WTOR airs a multicultural format aimed primarily at listeners in the

1968:

The newest example in this list, this was a result of the FCC's 2016

1958: 1537: 1363: 1354: 1343: 1192: 985:, when it signed on a few years later, causing it to need a powerful 893: 794: 600: 108:

per meter (mV/m) over the entire land area of the community, whereas

4708:"Bye, bye Channel 9: Demolition begins at Secaucus-based TV station" 4624:

Table of Allotments, RM-8756 (Johnstown and Jeannette, Pennsylvania)

4363: 485:" as a historical artifact; the original broadcasts originated from 450:, and have a transmitter in St. Louis proper with a power decrease. 59:

broadcasting. The requirement that a broadcasting station operate a

4221: 3495:

station CIII, the station's license was moved to Montreal in 2009.

2411: 1024:

6 Montreal. Ernie Bushnell purchased CJSS-TV 8 to rebroadcast his

759: 2380:(92.5), delivering programming from San Diego studios across the 793:

broadcasting, small local stations were sometimes built to serve

520:, stations in the Green Bay–Appleton area identify as "Green Bay/ 27:

Community that a radio or television station is licensed to serve

4289: 4199: 3903: 3848: 3827: 3796: 3756: 3740: 3720: 3708: 3700: 3688: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3569: 3193: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3035: 3026: 2961: 2846: 2826: 2793: 2735: 2703: 2664: 2660: 2640: 2602: 2519: 2473: 2336: 2183: 2150: 2093: 2043: 2017:, allowing NBC a full-market and central home for their NBC and 1939: 1727: 1654: 1642: 1586: 1497: 1485: 1481: 1445: 1251: 1132: 1021: 954: 673: 592: 497: 455: 427: 419: 391: 336: 320: 4612:

of proposed rule making (Johnstown and Jeannette, Pennsylvania)

3078:, in 1974. VHF 2 could not be assigned at Kingston (to protect 2655:

and the Southam newspaper chain sold to venture capitalists as

3455: 3379: 2884:) was prone to this, building a network largely from outlying 2817: 2781: 2707: 2679: 2453: 2248: 2129:, just 20 miles south of its transmitter. Outside the minimum 2010: 2009:, and WGBH would arrange to share their spectrum on secondary 1990: 1953: 1902: 1594: 1516: 1501: 1255: 1227: 1200: 1107: 986: 912: 151: 854:

various times in the 1980s and now broadcasts from Toronto's

583:

originally made sense as a compromise location to serve both

339:

which focuses its coverage on the central part of the state.

327:—an Atlanta suburb—after a failed attempt to relicense it to 242:

and communities of license but are used simply as full-power

3915:, transmitter... which does not reach Bancroft over-the-air. 3325:

already has multiple stations licensed to Ottawa, limits on

2125:

can receive the station even though it is barely audible in

607:. This became less important after full-power UHF satellite 3281:

Occasionally, a station owner would reach a legal limit on

2821: 1815:, which has controversially only bought stations for their 3558:(Carthage and Watertown NY, respectively) are one example. 3029:, a full-power non-commercial station in the heart of the 2343:

where it has been a Telemundo O&O station since 2017.

2203:

from the Kingston (Williamsville) studios of Rogers-owned

1637:

WPWR operates from Chicago studios, transmitting from the

489:

in 1954 so the license still reflects this tiny location.

3240:

already carried Univision's national cable feed and held

504:, its primary city, but identifies on-air as "WTVT Tampa/ 3815:

http://uhfhistory.com/documents/Silverman_Thesis_ABC.pdf

3398:

communities as a sister service to the English-language

3021:. Suddenly, an outlying commercial low-power station in 2667:, but is not carried by any Winnipeg-area cable system. 2609:

mainly for the Seattle area after a station in Seattle,

849:

Originally a secondary signal for a tiny local station,

4430:"WISN-TV's 50th Anniversary - MilwaukeeHDTV.org Forums" 3216:

WNYI, which should itself focus on Ithaca, the home of

1976:

for the use of wireless devices. WYCN was previously a

1930:

by the FCC ended the requirement by current WWOR owner

1763:

composed nominally of eight co-channel transmitters in

4350:"DuMont Television Network | Historical Web Site" 4130:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Communications Commission. 3623:

to move to 5, which then left 6 vacant for a Canadian

564:

was licensed to the little-known southeast suburb of

3981:

Silverman, David M.; Tobenkin, David N. (May 2001).

238:

broadcast facilities and have their own independent

3786:Watertown's market boundaries are drawn to include 4830:"Various television stations – Licence amendments" 4192:"Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business" 2659:. The VHF 12 Pembina frequency is still in use as 1993:Boston" service (originating on equally low-power 4658: 4656: 3152:status everywhere from Brockville to Belleville. 2368:Finest City Broadcasting holds a programming and 1286:. The station then used "North Pole–Plattsburgh– 969:. (The last of CJOH's rebroadcasters were taken 611:signed on in Knoxville, and irrelevant once the 296:(the city of license), and a larger audience in 51:In North American broadcast law, the concept of 4650:, Pittsburgh Business Times, September 13, 2000 4457:"Analog TV in Milwaukee History lecture review" 3343:- roughly halfway from Smiths Falls to Ottawa. 3228:affiliate, it had no local programming and was 2932:transmitting from Oil Springs on UHF 29 (370kW) 2837:, joining other New Jersey licensees including 359: 32:In U.S., Canadian, and Mexican broadcasting, a 3884:and rival CKWS TV are complex. Parent station 2663:, a full-power rebroadcaster of Fox affiliate 2567:. This ended in the 1970s, with the advent of 1519:programming traditionally had been carried by 474:(also a CBS affiliate) identifies as "WWNY-TV 4309:Commission adopts Table of Allotments for DTV 3657:There is also one special case involving the 710:between the two larger centres will be used. 656:the number of existing stations in the area. 8: 4859: 4857: 4384:. Milwaukee-horror-hosts.com. Archived from 3646:2016 United States wireless spectrum auction 2784:tuners, few could receive the station. When 579:, as city of license for PBS member station 512:and the smaller cities clustered around the 3888:11 was supposed to move to DT13 to protect 3572:was only allowed to move its facilities to 2247:authorities. The only means to add a third 2137:, and a majority American 'owner' to avoid 1885:New York City's Channel 9, then having the 1889:WOR-TV in 1983, was at that time owned by 531:There is no longer a requirement to carry 4142:"News & Features | ON THE RADIO" 3830:couldn't share the same base callsign as 2581:hearings on the licensing of Vancouver's 304:an attempt to move into the larger city. 202:Learn how and when to remove this message 4797:Bridge, The Broadcast (April 10, 2017). 4382:"Milwaukee TV Horror Hosts - TV History" 3357: 3287: 3180:territory and that company's proprietor 3041: 2685: 2075: 1320: 1270:WPTZ was originally licensed in 1954 to 1233: 917: 815: 712: 651:A corresponding Table of Allotments for 496:region's Fox owned-and-operated station 182:Relevant discussion may be found on the 4895:United States communications regulation 4732: 4730: 4728: 4002:Indiana University Maurer School of Law 3973: 3543: 2873:in Canada. Later entrants fared worse. 2674:The last-available frequency allocation 2331:) until it itself switched to carrying 1997:) after their 2017 disaffiliation from 1702:, though it still maintains a separate 1044:pulled the plug on the station in 2017 311:, due to its location 90 miles west of 4751:Alex Strachan, "A tale of two CITYs". 4533: 4522: 3339:, CKBY's transmitters are actually in 1913:). With the bill passed and signed by 989:rebroadcaster to adequately cover the 981:) would in turn be pushed westward to 4266:FCC Rules §73.24, §73.315 and §73.625 1313:The relocation of an existing station 1274:, the closest tiny crossroads to its 556:transaction in 1989, the current day 385:. In the United States, a station's 7: 4062:paragraph (a). Retrieved 2010-04-07. 1486:claiming that Muskogee was too small 589:Tri-Cities of Tennessee and Virginia 4706:Villanova, Patrick (June 4, 2019). 4432:. Milwaukeehdtv.org. Archived from 2984:The cable or digital TV placeholder 2386:non-commercial educational stations 2117:, rather than in its home state of 2067:station licensed to another country 100:stations are required to provide a 4482:FCC notice of proposed rule making 4299:, About the FM Table of Allotments 3990:Federal Communications Law Journal 3772:, most within the first year. The 3607:instance, if Syracuse already had 3148:as full-power stations, these had 3132:CKWS-TV was a CBC TV affiliate in 2891:In Canada, third networks such as 2235:Mexican-owned station, fed from a 797:or outlying areas in an era where 684:only for political reasons in the 25: 4680:Heinis, John (February 4, 2019). 4648:WNPA-TV moves under KDKA umbrella 4123:Blair, Linda (October 16, 1998). 3960:, the largest city in the nation. 2751:Tallahassee International Airport 2565:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1536:and shares a building with ABC's 1476:2). ABC appeared briefly on UHF ( 887:Originally owned by the Pasadena 638:Federal Communications Commission 323:Anniston is now licensed as WNNX 117:Federal Communications Commission 93:Federal Communications Commission 3327:concentration of media ownership 3283:concentration of media ownership 156: 133:Nominal main studio requirements 4900:Mass media regulation in Canada 3355:the system would be identical. 3188:on the Ontario side of Ottawa. 3099:) but could be built near tiny 2867:National Educational Television 1761:distributed transmission system 1210:The distant mountaintop antenna 4552:"WPTZ NBC5 unveils new studio" 4459:. Garyshea.com. Archived from 4214:"FindArticles.com | CBSi" 3906:, a satellite-fed repeater of 3532:Flag of convenience (business) 3350:The arbitrary nominal location 2643:gave Izzy Asper's Canwest the 1974:reallocate television spectrum 1795:for a combined total of 136.67 664:station to the unincorporated 1: 4866:"ARCHIVED - Licence renewals" 3642:American Broadcasting Company 3277:The use of an adjacent market 2587:2001 Vancouver TV realignment 2468:programming, then shifted to 2425:Like the former CW affiliate 2396:15 (formerly 2, and formerly 1985:which it had perfect timing; 1801:low-power on-channel boosters 1395:station aimed at the sizable 1368:1080i 16:9 digital widescreen 672:, but the refusal to license 373:Licensing and on-air identity 3843:Wilmington/Philadelphia and 3406:for distribution in much of 2510:. It has studios located in 390:American television station 268:and offer no local content. 128:Policy and regulatory issues 4487:September 30, 2007, at the 4364:"History of UHF Television" 2597:. Currently it is owned by 2514:, a southern inner suburb. 2003:WGBH Educational Foundation 55:dates to the early days of 4916: 4803:www.thebroadcastbridge.com 4113:(e). Retrieved 2010-04-08. 2812:One of the victims of the 2557:Coronation of Elizabeth II 2172:Multicultural Broadcasting 2071:local marketing agreements 1585:" status for Pittsburgh's 544:is officially licensed to 283:Suburban community problem 222:In many cases, the use of 110:non-commercial educational 88:Communications Act of 1934 86:In the United States, the 3811:DuMont Television Network 3402:; it relied primarily on 3158:Global Television Network 3092:) or Toronto (to protect 3076:Global Television Network 2649:Global Television Network 2472:; in 2017 it switched to 2370:local marketing agreement 2253:local marketing agreement 2201:local marketing agreement 1304:South Burlington, Vermont 705:The "compromise" location 4295:August 14, 2007, at the 3928:, is legally not in the 3774:All-Channel Receiver Act 3591:original 1952 allotments 2448:. It formerly broadcast 2304:broadcaster licensed to 2176:Surrey, British Columbia 2048:Merrimack, New Hampshire 2036:Providence, Rhode Island 1856:/ Venice area. In 2000, 1716:West Palm Beach, Florida 1589:systems. Studios are at 1119:Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin 903:The short-spaced station 686:Georgia General Assembly 434:, and transmitting from 432:Ste. Genevieve, Missouri 251:Political considerations 165:This article or section 74:objectives of broadcast 40:is the community that a 4096:. Retrieved 2010-04-08. 4079:. Retrieved 2010-04-07. 3899:co-channel interference 3341:Carleton Place, Ontario 3232:out of Equity's hub in 3014:2016-2020 OTA TV repack 2779:not required to provide 1932:Fox Television Stations 1560:Jeannette, Pennsylvania 1185:Johnson City, Tennessee 909:co-channel interference 430:, formerly licensed to 408:Jeannette, Pennsylvania 4667:June 25, 2008, at the 4587:CRTC Decision 2010-533 4311:(MM DOCKET NO. 87-268) 4011:on September 16, 2012. 3527:Duopoly (broadcasting) 3518:Rimshot (broadcasting) 3025:is "sharing" space on 2871:CTV Television Network 2503:Contemporary Christian 2195:Cape Vincent, New York 2024:Needham, Massachusetts 1831:(moved to channel 50) 1720:retransmission consent 1278:transmitter site near 1087:". Cross-border rival 613:2003-09 DTV transition 448:Collinsville, Illinois 370: 329:Sandy Springs, Georgia 294:Pittston, Pennsylvania 261:community broadcasting 4850:on February 19, 2005. 4558:. September 13, 2020. 4004:: 471. Archived from 3926:Smiths Falls, Ontario 3913:Wolfe Island, Ontario 3880:The dealings between 3619:, which then allowed 3367:Community of license 3323:Rogers Communications 3297:Community of license 3234:Little Rock, Arkansas 3222:Equity Media Holdings 3051:Community of license 2831:Empire State Building 2695:Community of license 2634:Pembina, North Dakota 2601:with Seattle station 2512:Pointe-Claire, Quebec 2433:, a subchannel of an 2417:Matamoros, Tamaulipas 2135:Ransomville, New York 2085:Community of license 1964:Nashua, New Hampshire 1684:E. W. Scripps Company 1423:Originally a private 1330:Community of license 1284:Adirondack State Park 1243:Community of license 1179:Sneedville, Tennessee 973:in 2020.) Co-channel 927:Community of license 825:Community of license 722:Community of license 577:Sneedville, Tennessee 325:College Park, Georgia 315:and 65 miles east of 244:broadcast translators 169:synthesis of material 4742:, September 4, 1996. 4622:FCC report and order 3998:Bloomington, Indiana 3452:Greater Toronto Area 3442:, a small town near 2835:1 World Trade Center 2814:September 11 attacks 2773:Wilmington, Delaware 2718:Thomasville, Georgia 2497:Chateaugay, New York 2444:station licensed to 2372:with Mexican XHITZ, 2111:Greater Toronto Area 2105:Youngstown, New York 2001:. OTA, NBC, and the 1881:Secaucus, New Jersey 1752:outlying UHF station 1512:San Jose, California 1272:North Pole, New York 1266:North Pole, New York 883:Pasadena, California 785:The suburban station 693:North Pole, New York 537:metropolitan markets 518:Green Bay, Wisconsin 228:broadcast automation 53:community of license 38:community of license 4832:. December 4, 2020. 4463:on January 14, 2009 3851:Carthage/Watertown. 3615:swap channels with 3154:Corus Entertainment 3142:obligation to do so 3019:digital subchannels 3007:signal substitution 2994:market's boundaries 2732:Bainbridge, Georgia 2599:Weigel Broadcasting 2388:across the border. 2255:with Mexican-owned 1952:(formerly WYCN-CD) 1610:construction permit 1575:flag of convenience 889:Presbyterian Church 628:Table of allotments 570:Southern California 566:Norwalk, California 4686:Hudson County View 4511:on August 10, 2011 4388:on August 27, 2008 3218:Cornell University 3170:digital subchannel 2886:owned-and-operated 2808:Newark, New Jersey 2645:CKND-TV 9 Winnipeg 2501:The station has a 2382:U.S.-Mexico border 2333:Milenio Television 2162:Blaine, Washington 2061:The border blaster 2028:Heroes & Icons 1927:World Trade Center 1813:WRNN-TV Associates 1704:transmitting tower 1669:Kenosha, Wisconsin 1530:San Bruno Mountain 1460:Muskogee, Oklahoma 1065:Carthage, New York 949:Deseronto, Ontario 653:digital television 438:, but serving the 307:The small town of 179:to the main topic. 173:verifiably mention 167:possibly contains 67:as early as 1939. 46:television station 4576:. April 15, 2020. 4532:Missing or empty 4180:on June 11, 2012. 4152:on March 3, 2016. 4146:bostonphoenix.com 4021:Text as amended, 3621:a Toronto station 3595:New York State TV 3499: 3498: 3347: 3346: 3321:As station owner 3274: 3273: 3238:Time Warner Cable 3134:Kingston, Ontario 3128:Prescott, Ontario 3070:Bancroft, Ontario 2869:in the US or the 2857: 2856: 2743:Valdosta, Georgia 2671: 2670: 2408:Rio Grande Valley 2058: 2057: 1310: 1309: 1207: 1206: 1195:to the south and 1137:Lansing, Michigan 1012:Cornwall, Ontario 900: 899: 845:Brampton, Ontario 782: 781: 546:Brampton, Ontario 394:primarily serves 309:Anniston, Alabama 264:transmitters via 212: 211: 204: 147:transistorization 104:of at least 3.16 16:(Redirected from 4907: 4874: 4873: 4861: 4852: 4851: 4846:. Archived from 4840: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4794: 4788: 4779: 4773: 4764: 4758: 4749: 4743: 4734: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4677: 4671: 4660: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4556:Press-Republican 4548: 4542: 4541: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4510: 4504:. Archived from 4498: 4492: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4224:on July 8, 2012. 4220:. Archived from 4218:findarticles.com 4210: 4204: 4203: 4202:on May 24, 2011. 4198:. Archived from 4188: 4182: 4181: 4176:. Archived from 4170: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4148:. Archived from 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4120: 4114: 4112: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4086: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4036: 4030: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 3987: 3978: 3961: 3950: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3922: 3916: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3824: 3818: 3817:for an overview. 3806: 3800: 3784: 3778: 3766: 3760: 3673: 3667: 3655: 3649: 3638: 3632: 3587: 3581: 3565: 3559: 3548: 3508:All Channels Act 3404:cable television 3358: 3288: 3212:Ithaca, New York 3042: 2999:cable television 2954:, near Denbigh). 2724:Metcalf, Georgia 2686: 2615:Univision Canada 2569:Canadian content 2439:Spanish language 2314:English language 2302:Spanish language 2168:Punjabi language 2076: 1982:OTA Broadcasting 1970:spectrum auction 1732:Paid programming 1397:Italian Canadian 1321: 1234: 1079:signed on from " 918: 816: 713: 368: 207: 200: 196: 193: 187: 160: 159: 152: 21: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4863: 4862: 4855: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4815:Global Ontario 4814: 4810: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4787:, June 7, 2002. 4780: 4776: 4765: 4761: 4757:, June 2, 2001. 4750: 4746: 4735: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4669:Wayback Machine 4661: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4531: 4521: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4489:Wayback Machine 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4436:on May 10, 2005 4428: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4338:. May 15, 2017. 4334: 4333: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4297:Wayback Machine 4288: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4020: 4016: 4008: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3923: 3919: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3825: 3821: 3807: 3803: 3785: 3781: 3770:out of business 3767: 3763: 3674: 3670: 3656: 3652: 3639: 3635: 3588: 3584: 3566: 3562: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3504: 3352: 3279: 3257:, having never 3255:Great Recession 3242:local insertion 3138:Utica, New York 2986: 2862: 2860:The new entrant 2676: 2329:Baja California 2296:Baja California 2231:Baja California 2063: 2013:member station 1951: 1840:Venice, Florida 1315: 1296:Mount Mansfield 1212: 1172: 1149:new transmitter 1147:. By 1962, its 1145:Davenport, Iowa 905: 787: 707: 630: 500:is licensed to 458:is licensed to 404:Kokomo, Indiana 375: 369: 366: 285: 253: 208: 197: 191: 188: 181: 171:which does not 161: 157: 135: 130: 84: 34:city of license 28: 23: 22: 18:City of licence 15: 12: 11: 5: 4913: 4911: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4875: 4853: 4835: 4821: 4808: 4789: 4774: 4772:, May 1, 1997. 4769:Financial Post 4759: 4744: 4724: 4698: 4672: 4652: 4640: 4626: 4614: 4602: 4591: 4579: 4561: 4543: 4493: 4474: 4447: 4421: 4399: 4373: 4368:uhfhistory.com 4355: 4341: 4327: 4313: 4301: 4282: 4268: 4259: 4245: 4240:www.fybush.com 4227: 4205: 4183: 4165: 4155: 4133: 4115: 4098: 4081: 4064: 4047: 4031: 4023:47 U.S.C. 4014: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3945: 3935: 3917: 3890:Télé-Métropole 3873: 3863: 3853: 3819: 3801: 3779: 3761: 3668: 3650: 3633: 3582: 3560: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3520: 3515: 3513:Border Blaster 3510: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3468: 3467: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3416: 3415: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3190: 3189: 3146:rebroadcasters 3130: 3125: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 2985: 2982: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2969: 2955: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2888:UHF stations. 2882:Ion Television 2861: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2790: 2789: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2755: 2754: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2619: 2618: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2516: 2515: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2482: 2481: 2446:McAllen, Texas 2423: 2414: 2405: 2390: 2389: 2366: 2357: 2352: 2345: 2344: 2298: 2289: 2284: 2282:Azteca América 2274: 2273: 2233: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2208: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2180: 2179: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2146: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052:Greater Boston 1966: 1961: 1956: 1944: 1943: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1863: 1862: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1821: 1820: 1748: 1739: 1734: 1724: 1723: 1722:negotiations. 1712:Scripps Center 1671: 1666: 1661: 1651: 1650: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1615: 1614: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1542: 1541: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1494: 1493: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1442: 1441: 1425:CBC Television 1421: 1416: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1389: 1387:St. Catharines 1384: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1300:Lake Champlain 1268: 1263: 1258: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1224:Lake Champlain 1211: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1181: 1176: 1167: 1157: 1156: 1125:Ozaukee County 1121: 1116: 1111: 1096: 1095: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1056:(now WWNY-TV) 1046: 1045: 1014: 1009: 1004: 995: 994: 983:Paris, Ontario 951: 946: 941: 932: 931: 928: 925: 922: 904: 901: 898: 897: 885: 880: 871: 864: 863: 847: 842: 837: 830: 829: 826: 823: 820: 786: 783: 780: 779: 772: 767: 762: 752: 751: 744: 739: 734: 727: 726: 723: 720: 717: 706: 703: 629: 626: 617:2016-21 repack 506:St. Petersburg 502:Tampa, Florida 462:, a suburb of 460:Shaker Heights 424:Shaker Heights 374: 371: 364: 355: 354: 351: 348: 333:Atlanta suburb 284: 281: 272:broadcasters. 252: 249: 224:centralcasting 210: 209: 164: 162: 155: 134: 131: 129: 126: 102:field strength 83: 80: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4912: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4890:Broadcast law 4888: 4887: 4885: 4871: 4867: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4784:Vancouver Sun 4778: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4754:Vancouver Sun 4748: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4739:Vancouver Sun 4733: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4713: 4709: 4702: 4699: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4539: 4526: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4475: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4448: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4278: 4272: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4126: 4119: 4116: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4094: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4060: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4027:§ 307(b) 4024: 4018: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3974: 3967: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3946: 3939: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3867: 3864: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3828:TV 8 Muskogee 3826:At the time, 3823: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3749:12 Binghamton 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3574:New York City 3571: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3544: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3464:CHEX-2 Durham 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3332:digital radio 3328: 3324: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3023:New Hampshire 3020: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990:barely within 2983: 2981: 2978: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876:In the U.S., 2874: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2673: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2478:Las Estrellas 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2139:foreign agent 2136: 2132: 2131:skeleton crew 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:O&O group 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915:Ronald Reagan 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1876:New York City 1874: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1773:North East MD 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1694:area station 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680:Racine County 1676: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1633:Gary, Indiana 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1606:legal fiction 1603: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1564:Originally a 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1507:San Francisco 1505: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1399:community in 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1312: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191:to the west, 1190: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 934: 933: 929: 926: 923: 920: 919: 916: 914: 910: 902: 895: 890: 886: 884: 881: 879: 875: 872: 869: 866: 865: 861: 857: 852: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 835: 832: 831: 827: 824: 821: 818: 817: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 784: 777: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 757: 754: 753: 749: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 732: 729: 728: 724: 721: 718: 715: 714: 711: 704: 702: 699: 696: 694: 689: 687: 683: 682:Fulton County 679: 678:Sandy Springs 675: 671: 668:community of 667: 663: 662:metro Atlanta 657: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 635: 634:United States 627: 625: 623: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 573: 571: 567: 563: 559: 553: 551: 547: 543: 538: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 516:southwest of 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 490: 488: 487:Champion Hill 484: 480: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 418: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 388: 384: 380: 372: 363: 358: 352: 349: 346: 345: 344: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 301: 299: 295: 289: 282: 280: 277: 273: 269: 267: 262: 258: 250: 248: 245: 241: 237: 231: 229: 225: 220: 218: 206: 203: 195: 185: 180: 178: 174: 170: 163: 154: 153: 150: 148: 144: 139: 132: 127: 125: 122: 118: 113: 111: 107: 103: 99: 94: 89: 82:United States 81: 79: 77: 73: 72:public policy 68: 66: 62: 58: 54: 49: 47: 43: 42:radio station 39: 35: 30: 19: 4869: 4848:the original 4838: 4824: 4811: 4802: 4792: 4782: 4777: 4767: 4762: 4752: 4747: 4737: 4715:. Retrieved 4711: 4701: 4689:. Retrieved 4685: 4675: 4643: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4594: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4546: 4534:|title= 4515:February 23, 4513:. Retrieved 4506:the original 4496: 4477: 4467:February 21, 4465:. Retrieved 4461:the original 4450: 4440:February 21, 4438:. Retrieved 4434:the original 4424: 4414:February 21, 4412:. Retrieved 4410:. Fybush.com 4402: 4392:February 21, 4390:. Retrieved 4386:the original 4376: 4367: 4358: 4344: 4330: 4316: 4304: 4285: 4271: 4262: 4248: 4239: 4230: 4222:the original 4217: 4208: 4200:the original 4196:Entrepreneur 4195: 4186: 4178:the original 4168: 4158: 4150:the original 4145: 4136: 4118: 4101: 4084: 4067: 4050: 4034: 4017: 4006:the original 3993: 3989: 3976: 3948: 3938: 3920: 3876: 3866: 3856: 3822: 3804: 3782: 3764: 3733:10 Rochester 3709:5 North Pole 3689:3 Burlington 3671: 3653: 3636: 3585: 3563: 3546: 3361:Broadcaster 3353: 3317:Smiths Falls 3291:Broadcaster 3280: 3186:Rogers Cable 3166:Spencerville 3045:Broadcaster 3011: 2987: 2973: 2966:CBC Montréal 2913:Peterborough 2890: 2875: 2863: 2825:that state, 2768:Philadelphia 2747:airport code 2689:Broadcaster 2677: 2079:Broadcaster 2064: 2031: 1987:NBCUniversal 1919:Hudson River 1911:Philadelphia 1899:Bill Bradley 1789:Philadelphia 1785:Lambertville 1746:Willow Grove 1737:Philadelphia 1639:Willis Tower 1472:6) and NBC ( 1393:multilingual 1360:CHUM Limited 1324:Broadcaster 1316: 1237:Broadcaster 1213: 1110:at the time 921:Broadcaster 906: 819:Broadcaster 803:vacuum tubes 788: 716:Broadcaster 708: 700: 697: 690: 658: 650: 631: 574: 554: 530: 491: 452: 396:Indianapolis 383:radio signal 376: 360: 356: 341: 306: 302: 298:Wilkes-Barre 290: 286: 278: 274: 270: 254: 236:full service 232: 221: 213: 198: 189: 166: 140: 136: 114: 85: 69: 60: 52: 50: 37: 33: 31: 29: 4455:Gary Shea. 4107:47 CFR 4090:47 CFR 4073:47 CFR 4056:47 CFR 4040:47 CFR 3753:12 Montreal 3745:11 Kingston 3737:10 Montréal 3705:5 Rochester 3625:broadcaster 3617:5 Rochester 3486:Quebec City 3458:outlet (22 3396:francophone 3230:centralcast 2878:PAX Network 2713:Tallahassee 2435:Entravision 2376:(91.1) and 2143:Mississauga 1891:RKO General 1871:MyNetworkTV 1858:Entravision 1809:Roxbourough 1777:Quarryville 1623:MyNetworkTV 1579:Jennerstown 1550:Independent 1534:MyNetworkTV 1414:Fredericton 1290:" or even " 1280:Lake Placid 1276:mountaintop 1261:Plattsburgh 1216:Plattsburgh 878:Los Angeles 860:modern rock 666:Cobb County 622:civic pride 562:Los Angeles 400:Bloomington 387:transmitter 379:public file 217:transmitter 61:main studio 4884:Categories 4870:crtc.gc.ca 4610:FCC notice 3968:References 3897:amount of 3832:KTUL radio 3725:8 Cornwall 3721:8 Syracuse 3713:6 Montreal 3685:3 Syracuse 3677:2 Montréal 3613:8 Syracuse 3578:New Jersey 3492:Sherbrooke 3390:Hawkesbury 3246:must-carry 3150:must-carry 3003:must carry 2977:must-carry 2734:-licensed 2653:Shaw Media 2542:Washington 2538:Bellingham 1895:New Jersey 1817:must-carry 1708:Cincinnati 1602:must-carry 1583:must-carry 1555:Pittsburgh 1419:Saint John 1288:Burlington 1222:, both on 1220:Burlington 1197:Greensboro 1174:Tri-Cities 1042:Bell Media 967:Belleville 811:talk radio 522:Fox Cities 444:Metro East 417:co-channel 410:-licensed 317:Birmingham 240:call signs 192:April 2010 106:millivolts 3953:CHEX-TV-2 3741:10 Albany 3717:7 Buffalo 3697:4 Buffalo 3681:2 Buffalo 3604:channel 7 3570:13 Newark 3523:Twinstick 3444:Brantford 3400:TVOntario 3370:Comments 3300:Comments 3259:flash-cut 3251:flash-cut 3226:Univision 3198:Univisión 3178:Vidéotron 3162:O&O's 3118:CKWS-DT-2 3110:Watertown 3105:"rimshot" 3060:CIII-TV-2 3054:Comments 2952:Vennachar 2698:Comments 2657:Postmedia 2607:Univision 2548:Vancouver 2529:Vancouver 2524:Univision 2450:Telemundo 2442:Univisión 2355:San Diego 2287:San Diego 2237:San Diego 2222:San Diego 2186:FM 102.7 2157:Vancouver 2088:Comments 2040:Telemundo 1978:low-power 1938:flagship 1923:Manhattan 1887:call sign 1854:Bradenton 1846:Riverview 1829:Univisión 1781:Myerstown 1769:Bethlehem 1757:Telemundo 1664:Milwaukee 1566:Johnstown 1333:Comments 1246:Comments 1203:station. 1189:Nashville 1170:Knoxville 1153:Shorewood 1114:Milwaukee 1081:Watertown 1077:WNPE/WNPI 1060:Watertown 999:CJOH-TV-8 936:CJOH-TV-6 930:Comments 907:To avoid 828:Comments 807:AM stereo 748:Saskatoon 725:Comments 597:Nashville 585:Knoxville 524:" (e.g. " 514:Fox River 494:Tampa Bay 483:Watertown 464:Cleveland 440:St. Louis 436:Hillsboro 337:ABC 33/40 331:—another 266:satellite 184:talk page 143:videotape 121:call sign 4665:Archived 4525:cite web 4485:Archived 4293:Archived 3882:Quebecor 3757:13 Utica 3729:9 Ottawa 3701:4 Albany 3693:4 Ottawa 3502:See also 3481:Montreal 3460:Uxbridge 3412:Montreal 3207:Syracuse 3182:Quebecor 3174:Gatineau 3112:locals. 3090:Montréal 3065:Kingston 2964:(VHF 6, 2948:Bancroft 2942:Uxbridge 2921:Cornwall 2917:Kingston 2843:Secaucus 2803:New York 2629:Winnipeg 2625:12 Ind. 2492:Montreal 2466:MundoMax 2462:MundoFox 2431:KNVO-DT3 2394:XHRIO-TV 2374:XETRA-FM 2349:XHITZ-FM 2317:XHDTV-TV 2278:XHAS-TDT 2270:KFMB-DT2 2257:Televisa 2213:XETV-TDT 2190:Kingston 2153:AM 1600 2123:Michigan 2119:New York 2042:O&O 2032:de facto 1907:Delaware 1897:Senator 1850:Sarasota 1793:Brockton 1688:Glendale 1598:repeater 1587:cable TV 1349:Pembroke 1292:Montreal 1127:town of 1092:Kingston 1007:Montreal 963:Montreal 944:Kingston 856:CN Tower 799:AM radio 795:suburban 791:FM radio 770:Wheatley 758:16 / 60 731:CBK (AM) 670:Mableton 646:FM radio 587:and the 533:programs 510:Appleton 479:Carthage 468:New York 365:— 257:localism 98:FM radio 76:localism 65:U.S. law 57:AM radio 4817:CIII-TV 4717:June 6, 4691:June 6, 4110:73.1125 4093:73.1201 4043:73.1120 3958:Toronto 3908:Daystar 3886:CKWS-DT 3792:WPBS-TV 3788:Massena 3663:Detroit 3659:Windsor 3556:WNYF-CD 3552:WWNY-TV 3472:CKMI-TV 3448:Ontario 3429:Toronto 3420:CIII-TV 3408:Ontario 3385:Toronto 3376:CHLF-TV 3337:CJET-FM 3306:CKBY-FM 3267:Moravia 3202:Daystar 3101:Denbigh 3097:Buffalo 2909:Toronto 2901:Windsor 2897:CKGN-TV 2839:WWOR-TV 2759:WHYY-TV 2728:WFSU-TV 2623:KCND-TV 2611:KUNS-TV 2595:CKVU-DT 2591:CIVI-DT 2583:CIVT-DT 2561:Burnaby 2553:CBUT-DT 2533:Seattle 2437:-owned 2378:XHRM-FM 2360:Tijuana 2341:KUAN-LD 2306:Tijuana 2292:Tijuana 2265:Canal 5 2261:KSWB-TV 2245:Mexican 2241:Tijuana 2227:Tijuana 2217:Canal 5 2205:CIKR-FM 2127:Buffalo 2100:Toronto 2096:AM 770 2019:Cozi TV 2015:WGBX-TV 1995:WBTS-LD 1948:WBTS-CD 1867:WWOR-TV 1825:WVEA-TV 1765:Reading 1742:Reading 1700:WTMJ-TV 1696:WTPX-TV 1628:Chicago 1619:WPWR-TV 1591:KDKA-TV 1546:WPKD-TV 1521:KRON-TV 1478:KCEB 23 1474:KJRH-TV 1433:Moncton 1429:CKCW-TV 1409:CBAT-DT 1401:Toronto 1382:Toronto 1339:CHRO-TV 1193:Atlanta 1133:WJIM-TV 1089:CKWS 11 1085:Norwood 1072:WKBW-TV 1050:WCNY-TV 1038:CFCF-TV 1034:rimshot 1032:. 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