308:, Guangdong. The following year, more than 1,000 the masked palm civet were surveyed in 12 provinces of China, and wild masked palm civet in Hong Kong were also investigated. No individual was found infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. The former survey was conducted for a civet farmer in Henan for the Guangzhou market. The masked palm civet test is positive in the market, but all individuals in Henan farms are negative, indicating that the masked palm civet should be infected in the market. In addition, a typical clinical symptoms of fruit tanuki can be seen in the laboratory after being infected with human severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. These studies show that masked palm civet may be the source of human severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, but it should not be its
289:, in which four people were infected. The masked palm civet sold in the local market and restaurants also detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Civet007, Civet010, Cive). T014, Civet019, Civet020, the sequence is 99.9% similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus sequence of two patients (cafeteria waiters and customers), indicating that the virus infected with these four people is not a human virus from the 2002-2003 epidemic, but masked palm civet. Masked palm civet is a case of human re-infected with masked palm civet. Due to the resumption of the epidemic, the masked palm civet in Guangzhou market was once again slaughtered for epidemic prevention.
233:
33:
3456:
277:
than the general population, indicating that tanuki may be a direct source of SARS coronavirus. In May 2003, masked palm civet in the
Guangdong was slaughtered to control the epidemic, and it was not sold again until the ban was lifted at the end of August.
1431:"Development and Evaluation of a Multitarget Real-Time Taqman Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus and Surveillance for an Apparently Related Coronavirus Found in Masked Palm Civets"
272:
sequences, SZ3 and SZ16 from the nasal samples of masked palm civet. The sequence similarity of SARS coronavirus Tor2 is 99.8%, and a serum test of market staff who are often exposed to fruit tanuki has found that they have a higher rate of SARS
216:) to humans. Although the tanuki SARS coronavirus is highly similar to that of human SARS coronavirus, there are a few points in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of burden protein, and the ORF8, which encoded auxiliary protein, has a long 29
1058:
Xu, Rui-Heng; He, Jian-Feng; Evans, Meirion R.; Peng, Guo-Wen; Field, Hume E; Yu, De-Wen; Lee, Chin-Kei; Luo, Hui-Min; Lin, Wei-Sheng; Lin, Peng; Li, Ling-Hui; Liang, Wen-Jia; Lin, Jin-Yan; Schnur, Alan (2004).
2088:
207:
A follow-up study of masked palm civet has not been found in a few cases, indicating that fruit tanuki may not be the natural host of SARS coronavirus, but only an intermediate host of the virus from a
1311:
Tu, Changchun; Crameri, Gary; Kong, Xiangang; Chen, Jinding; Sun, Yanwei; Yu, Meng; Xiang, Hua; Xia, Xianzhu; Liu, Shengwang; Ren, Tao; Yu, Yedong; Eaton, Bryan T.; Xuan, Hua; Wang, Lin-Fa (2004).
204:, China, were infected with the disease. Sequence analysis found that the similarity with the tanuki virus reached 99.9%, and the SARS coronavirus was also caused by cases of tanuki transmission.
312:, but only an intermediate host that accelerates the spread of the virus from the natural reservoir to humans, and it itself is also It's infected with other animals to have a virus.
1370:
Poon, L. L. M.; Chu, D. K. W.; Chan, K. H.; Wong, O. K.; Ellis, T. M.; Leung, Y. H. C.; Lau, S. K. P.; Woo, P. C. Y.; Suen, K. Y.; Yuen, K. Y.; Guan, Y.; Peiris, J. S. M. (2005).
266:
2083:
2959:
2214:
2408:
1127:"Molecular Evolution Analysis and Geographic Investigation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Like Virus in Palm Civets at an Animal Market and on Farms"
3065:
2696:
2057:
820:
3450:
920:
in the ORF8, which encodes auxiliary proteins, and the difference between the few points of the binding domain (RBD) of the receptor binding of spike protein and
181:
1747:"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination"
1695:"Identification of diverse alphacoronaviruses and genomic characterization of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus from bats in China"
2587:
1864:"Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to the Direct Progenitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus"
2266:
1745:
Lau, Susanna K. P.; Feng, Yun; Chen, Honglin; Luk, Hayes K. H.; Yang, Wei-Hong; Li, Kenneth S. M.; Zhang, Yu-Zhen; Huang, Yi; et al. (2015).
1550:
Xu, L; Zhang, F; Yang, W; Jiang, T; Lu, G; He, B; Li, X; Hu, T; Chen, G; Feng, Y; Zhang, Y; Fan, Q; Feng, J; Zhang, H; Tu, C (February 2016).
2594:
2801:
196:
sequence similarity of about 99.8%. Because several patients infected at the early stage of the epidemic had contact with fruit-eating
916:
sequence of Civet SARS-CoV is highly similar to that of human SARS coronavirus. The differences include the insertion sequence of 29
200:(also called tanuki) in the market, tanuki may be a direct source of human SARS coronavirus. At the end of 2003, four more people in
3488:
3478:
2985:
2978:
2159:
985:
220:
sequence than the human virus. When the virus is infected human by a species barrier, These areas change, which may be related to
3310:
3022:
2529:
3459:
2631:
2624:
925:
1187:
Wang, Ming; Yan, Meiying; Xu, Huifang; Liang, Weili; Kan, Biao; Zheng, Bojian; Chen, Honglin; Zheng, Han; et al. (2005).
3087:
3029:
2866:
2037:
1125:
Kan, Biao; Wang, Ming; Jing, Huaiqi; Xu, Huifang; Jiang, Xiugao; Yan, Meiying; Liang, Weili; Zheng, Han; et al. (2005).
710:
2522:
3186:
3015:
2796:
2153:
2078:
1244:
Song, H.-D.; Tu, C.-C.; Zhang, G.-W.; Wang, S.-Y.; Zheng, K.; Lei, L.-C.; Chen, Q.-X.; Gao, Y.-W.; et al. (2005).
243:
185:
32:
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750:
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624:
596:
435:
398:
367:
282:
3483:
3303:
3059:
2894:
2062:
1962:"Animal Origins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Insight from ACE2-S-Protein Interactions"
155:
141:
1487:
Researchers at the Wuhan
Institute of Virology found SARS coronavirus in the masked palm civet cultivated in
3324:
1960:
Li, Wenhui; Wong, Swee-Kee; Li, Fang; Kuhn, Jens H.; Huang, I-Chueh; Choe, Hyeryun; Farzan, Michael (2006).
966:
Xing-Yi Ge; Ben Hu; Zheng-Li Shi (2015). "BAT CORONAVIRUSES". In Lin-Fa Wang and
Christopher Cowled (ed.).
3223:
3075:
2965:
2952:
2873:
2858:
2689:
2252:
2100:
1003:"Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China"
1668:
Xing‐Yi Ge; Ben Hu; Zheng‐Li Shi (2015). "BAT CORONAVIRUSES". In Lin-Fa Wang; Christopher Cowled (eds.).
3455:
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372:
262:
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1615:
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561:
197:
27:
967:
756:
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685:
526:
479:
1501:
Kim, Yongkwan; Son, Kidong; Kim, Young-Sik; Lee, Sook-Young; Jheong, Weonhwa; Oem, Jae-Ku (2019).
1491:
Province, which is a very few cases of finding SARS coronavirus in tanuki fruit outside the market
3498:
2880:
2853:
2791:
2786:
2338:
2030:
1862:
Yang, Xing-Lou; Hu, Ben; Wang, Bo; Wang, Mei-Niang; Zhang, Qian; Zhang, Wei; et al. (2016).
1647:
320:
A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-1 and related coronaviruses is:
1246:"Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human"
3493:
3317:
3216:
3082:
2847:
2231:
2001:
1983:
1942:
1893:
1844:
1784:
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1724:
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1532:
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236:
209:
189:
1693:
He, Biao; Zhang, Yuzhen; Xu, Lin; Yang, Weihong; Yang, Fanli; Feng, Yun; et al. (2014).
1503:"Complete genome analysis of a SARS-like bat coronavirus identified in the Republic of Korea"
3250:
3133:
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1991:
1973:
1932:
1924:
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1022:
973:
392:
2015:
1807:"Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor"
1552:"Detection and characterization of diverse alpha- and betacoronaviruses from bats in China"
2886:
2822:
2319:
2307:
2204:
1429:
Hu, W.; Bai, B.; Hu, Z.; Chen, Z.; An, X.; Tang, L.; Yang, J.; Wang, H.; Wang, H. (2005).
531:
292:
At the end of 2004, researchers investigated the masked palm civet in farms in
Guangdong,
232:
129:
93:
192:. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is highly similar, with a
1822:
1619:
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1996:
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802:
629:
601:
407:
403:
300:, and only some individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
1406:
1371:
1288:
1245:
3472:
3144:
2508:
2424:
2295:
2277:
2136:
2116:
2023:
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had Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and obtained two complete
117:
69:
1978:
1447:
1388:
3347:
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3045:
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2675:
2647:
2573:
2545:
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81:
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2712:
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2313:
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2194:
945:
376:
285:
announced that the SARS epidemic was under control, a new outbreak broke out in
258:
105:
1928:
1518:
969:
Bats and
Viruses: A New Frontier of Emerging Infectious Diseases, First Edition
3202:
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269:
193:
1603:
1488:
444:
297:
293:
231:
44:
2209:
2046:
1670:
Bats and
Viruses: A New Frontier of Emerging Infectious Diseases
3385:
2335:
2248:
2019:
213:
1672:(First ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 127–155.
1805:
Xing-Yi Ge; Jia-Lu Li; Xing-Lou Yang; et al. (2013).
1604:"Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses"
1911:
Ben, Hu; Hua, Guo; Peng, Zhou; Zheng-Li, Shi (2020).
267:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
2960:
Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
1189:"SARS-CoV Infection in a Restaurant from Palm Civet"
328:
SARS‑CoV‑1 related coronavirus
3409:
3400:
3345:
3287:
3259:
3248:
3200:
3170:
3142:
3131:
3043:
2999:
2936:
2908:
2831:
2820:
2766:
2738:
2710:
2673:
2645:
2608:
2571:
2543:
2506:
2478:
2450:
2422:
2409:
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum alphacoronavirus HuB-2013
2385:
2357:
2346:
2187:
2145:
2109:
2071:
2697:NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b
1372:"Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Bats"
1250:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1740:
1738:
246:, researchers tested wild animals sold in the
2260:
2031:
1800:
1798:
1182:
1180:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1061:"Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China"
184:(SARS-CoV), which infected humans and caused
182:severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
8:
1913:"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19"
2588:Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013
1663:
1661:
972:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 127–155.
961:
959:
3415:
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2774:
2746:
2718:
2681:
2653:
2616:
2579:
2551:
2514:
2486:
2458:
2430:
2393:
2365:
2354:
2332:
2267:
2253:
2245:
2038:
2024:
2016:
1313:"Antibodies to SARS Coronavirus in Civets"
621:Bat SL-CoV YNLF_34C, 93.5% to SARS-CoV-1,
593:Bat SL-CoV YNLF_31C, 93.5% to SARS-CoV-1,
18:
2559:Myotis ricketti alphacoronavirus Sax-2011
1995:
1977:
1936:
1887:
1838:
1778:
1718:
1677:
1597:
1595:
1575:
1526:
1464:
1446:
1405:
1387:
1346:
1328:
1287:
1269:
1220:
1160:
1142:
1094:
1076:
1026:
2047:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
937:
558:Bat SARS-CoV/Rp3, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-1,
432:Bat SARS CoV Rf1, 87.8% to SARS-CoV-1,
281:In December 2003, six months after the
2089:List of medical professionals who died
908:Difference from human SARS coronavirus
7:
2595:Pipistrellus kuhlii coronavirus 3398
2924:Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013
2802:Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
789:
672:
665:
658:
586:
551:
513:
469:
354:
347:
340:
333:
323:
188:from 2002 to 2003. It infected the
1144:10.1128/JVI.79.18.11892-11900.2005
14:
2986:Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4
2979:Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
2160:Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto
2084:Outbreak among healthcare workers
476:BtCoV HKU3, 87.9% to SARS-CoV-1,
180:is a coronavirus associated with
3454:
3311:Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21
3023:Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1
2661:Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2
2530:Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8
1435:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
31:
2632:Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512
2625:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
1979:10.1128/JVI.80.9.4211-4219.2006
1448:10.1128/JCM.43.5.2041-2046.2005
1389:10.1128/JVI.79.4.2001-2009.2005
3088:Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
3030:Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9
2867:China Rattus coronavirus HKU24
2754:Suncus murinus coronavirus X74
1:
3361:Night heron coronavirus HKU19
2726:Sorex araneus coronavirus T14
2523:Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1
253:, China. They found that the
3187:Beluga whale coronavirus SW1
3016:Eidolon bat coronavirus C704
2797:Canine coronavirus HuPn-2018
2154:Plague City: SARS in Toronto
1317:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1193:Emerging Infectious Diseases
806:, market in Guangdong, China
3332:White-eye coronavirus HKU16
1917:Nature Reviews Microbiology
3515:
2466:Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus
1929:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7
1519:10.1007/s11262-019-01668-w
3447:
3418:
3396:
3381:
3356:
3298:
3270:
3211:
3181:
3153:
3054:
3010:
2971:MERS coronavirus EMC/2012
2947:
2919:
2842:
2777:
2749:
2721:
2684:
2656:
2619:
2582:
2554:
2517:
2489:
2461:
2433:
2396:
2368:
2331:
2285:
2053:
1679:10.1002/9781118818824.ch5
1568:10.1007/s12250-016-3727-3
978:10.1002/9781118818824.ch5
946:"Civet SARS CoV 007/2004"
887:
818:
794:
787:
748:
708:
677:
670:
663:
656:
625:Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
619:
597:Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
591:
584:
556:
549:
518:
511:
474:
467:
436:Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
430:
399:Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
390:
368:Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
359:
352:
345:
338:
331:
283:World Health Organization
26:
21:
3489:Infraspecific virus taxa
3479:SARS-related coronavirus
3304:Bulbul coronavirus HKU11
3275:Wigeon coronavirus HKU20
3060:SARS-related coronavirus
2895:Myodes coronavirus 2JL14
304:were found on a farm in
156:SARS-related coronavirus
3325:Munia coronavirus HKU13
2373:Bat coronavirus CDPHE15
2079:2002–2004 SARS outbreak
1628:10.1126/science.1118391
1271:10.1073/pnas.0409608102
1028:10.1126/science.1087139
799:, 99.8% to SARS-CoV-1,
753:, 96.0% to SARS-CoV-1,
713:, 95.6% to SARS-CoV-1,
682:, 95.4% to SARS-CoV-1,
523:, 90.9% to SARS-CoV-1,
395:, 86.4% to SARS-CoV-1,
364:, 86.3% to SARS-CoV-1,
3224:Avian coronavirus 9203
3158:Goose coronavirus CB17
2966:London1_novel CoV/2012
2953:Hedgehog coronavirus 1
2874:Human coronavirus HKU1
2859:Human coronavirus OC43
2690:Human coronavirus NL63
2438:Human coronavirus 229E
2101:SARS conspiracy theory
1330:10.3201/eid1012.040520
1205:10.3201/eid1112.041293
1078:10.3201/eid1006.030852
239:
3423:Microhyla letovirus 1
3231:Duck coronavirus 2714
2402:Bat coronavirus HKU10
263:chinese ferret-badger
235:
224:the new environment.
2094:Air China Flight 112
1880:10.1128/JVI.02582-15
1763:10.1128/JVI.01048-15
1711:10.1128/JVI.00631-14
892:, 79% to SARS-CoV-1
562:Rhinolophus pearsoni
198:Japanese raccoon dog
28:Virus classification
1966:Journal of Virology
1868:Journal of Virology
1831:10.1038/nature12711
1823:2013Natur.503..535G
1757:(20): 10532–10547.
1751:Journal of Virology
1620:2005Sci...310..676L
1376:Journal of Virology
1262:2005PNAS..102.2430S
1137:(18): 11892–11900.
1019:2003Sci...302..276G
757:Rhinolophus sinicus
717:Rhinolophus sinicus
686:Rhinolophus sinicus
527:Rhinolophus affinis
480:Rhinolophus sinicus
2881:Murine coronavirus
2854:Bovine coronavirus
2792:Canine coronavirus
2787:Feline coronavirus
2782:Alphacoronavirus 1
2494:Mink coronavirus 1
2339:Orthocoronavirinae
2146:In popular culture
240:
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3434:
3431:
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3377:
3376:
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3372:
3369:
3368:
3341:
3340:
3318:Coronavirus HKU15
3283:
3282:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3217:Avian coronavirus
3196:
3195:
3166:
3165:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3039:
3038:
2995:
2994:
2932:
2931:
2904:
2903:
2848:Betacoronavirus 1
2816:
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2762:
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2706:
2705:
2669:
2668:
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2539:
2538:
2502:
2501:
2474:
2473:
2446:
2445:
2418:
2417:
2381:
2380:
2287:Higher taxonomy:
2242:
2241:
1614:(5748): 676–679.
1556:Virologica Sinica
1323:(12): 2244–2248.
1199:(12): 1860–1865.
1013:(5643): 276–278.
1001:Guan, Y. (2003).
901:
900:
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875:
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858:
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608:
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500:
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456:
455:
447:
419:
418:
410:
379:
310:natural reservoir
255:masked palm civet
237:Masked palm civet
210:natural reservoir
190:masked palm civet
175:
174:
16:Respiratory virus
3506:
3458:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3383:
3354:
3296:
3268:
3257:
3251:Deltacoronavirus
3209:
3179:
3151:
3140:
3134:Gammacoronavirus
3052:
3008:
2945:
2917:
2840:
2829:
2775:
2747:
2719:
2682:
2654:
2617:
2580:
2552:
2515:
2487:
2459:
2431:
2394:
2366:
2355:
2349:Alphacoronavirus
2333:
2275:Taxonomy of the
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2188:Related articles
2040:
2033:
2026:
2017:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1981:
1972:(9): 4211–4219.
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1450:
1441:(5): 2041–2046.
1426:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1391:
1382:(4): 2001–2009.
1367:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1332:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1273:
1256:(7): 2430–2435.
1241:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1146:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1080:
1071:(6): 1030–1037.
1065:Emerg Infect Dis
1055:
1049:
1048:
1030:
998:
992:
991:
963:
954:
953:
942:
800:
790:
754:
714:
683:
673:
666:
659:
622:
594:
587:
559:
552:
524:
514:
477:
470:
433:
396:
365:
355:
348:
341:
334:
324:
244:outbreak of SARS
36:
35:
19:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3484:Animal virology
3469:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3427:
3392:
3365:
3337:
3279:
3236:
3192:
3162:
3119:
3035:
2991:
2928:
2900:
2887:Rat coronavirus
2823:Betacoronavirus
2808:
2758:
2730:
2702:
2665:
2637:
2600:
2563:
2535:
2498:
2470:
2442:
2414:
2377:
2342:
2327:
2320:Cornidovirineae
2308:Pisoniviricetes
2281:
2273:
2243:
2238:
2205:Health in China
2183:
2141:
2105:
2067:
2049:
2044:
2014:
2013:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1817:(7477): 535–8.
1804:
1803:
1796:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1705:(12): 7070–82.
1692:
1691:
1687:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1602:Li, W. (2005).
1601:
1600:
1593:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1482:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1000:
999:
995:
988:
965:
964:
957:
944:
943:
939:
934:
910:
904:
902:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
777:
738:
646:
501:
457:
420:
318:
230:
171:
159:
131:Betacoronavirus
95:Pisoniviricetes
30:
22:Civet SARS-CoV
17:
12:
11:
5:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3404:
3402:Alphaletovirus
3394:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3182:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3055:
3049:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2956:
2948:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2843:
2837:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2352:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2075:
2073:
2072:General topics
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2011:
1952:
1923:(3): 141–154.
1903:
1854:
1794:
1734:
1685:
1657:
1591:
1542:
1513:(4): 545–549.
1493:
1480:
1421:
1362:
1303:
1236:
1176:
1110:
1050:
993:
986:
955:
936:
935:
933:
930:
924:cell receptor
909:
906:
899:
898:
895:
894:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
852:
851:
847:
846:
843:
842:
838:
837:
834:
833:
829:
828:
825:
824:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
803:Paguma larvata
797:Civet SARS-CoV
793:
788:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
774:
773:
770:
769:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
735:
734:
731:
730:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
676:
671:
669:
664:
662:
657:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
643:
642:
639:
638:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
590:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
555:
550:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
517:
512:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
498:
497:
494:
493:
473:
468:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
454:
453:
450:
449:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
417:
416:
413:
412:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
322:
317:
314:
229:
226:
178:Civet SARS-CoV
173:
172:
169:Civet SARS-CoV
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
151:
147:
146:
139:
135:
134:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
103:
99:
98:
91:
87:
86:
79:
75:
74:
67:
63:
62:
55:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3511:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3145:Brangacovirus
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:Minunacovirus
2505:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:Duvinacovirus
2421:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:Coronaviridae
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:Orthornavirae
2292:
2291:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2278:Coronaviridae
2270:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2137:Jiang Yanyong
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Zhong Nanshan
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:(6): 3253–6.
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
989:
987:9781118818824
983:
979:
975:
971:
970:
962:
960:
956:
951:
947:
941:
938:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
907:
905:
897:
896:
893:
891:
885:
884:
881:
880:
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
827:
826:
823:
822:
816:
815:
812:
811:
808:
805:
804:
798:
792:
791:
785:
784:
781:
780:
772:
771:
768:
766:
762:
759:
758:
752:
746:
745:
742:
741:
733:
732:
729:
727:
723:
719:
718:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:
681:
675:
674:
668:
667:
661:
660:
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631:
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582:
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568:
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554:
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547:
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119:Coronaviridae
116:
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109:
108:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
80:
77:
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72:
71:Orthornavirae
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
50:
49:
46:
43:
40:
39:
34:
29:
25:
20:
3422:
3410:
3401:
3387:
3360:
3348:Herdecovirus
3346:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3290:Buldecovirus
3288:
3274:
3260:
3249:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3201:
3185:
3171:
3157:
3143:
3132:
3058:
3046:Sarbecovirus
3044:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3000:
2984:
2977:
2958:
2951:
2939:Merbecovirus
2937:
2923:
2909:
2893:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2846:
2832:
2821:
2781:
2767:
2753:
2739:
2725:
2711:
2695:
2688:
2676:Setracovirus
2674:
2660:
2648:Rhinacovirus
2646:
2630:
2623:
2609:
2593:
2586:
2574:Nyctacovirus
2572:
2558:
2546:Myotacovirus
2544:
2528:
2521:
2507:
2493:
2479:
2465:
2453:Luchacovirus
2451:
2437:
2423:
2407:
2400:
2386:
2372:
2358:
2347:
2337:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2302:Pisuviricota
2300:
2294:
2288:
2276:
2200:Global alert
2176:
2169:
2165:1:99 Concert
2152:
2132:Carlo Urbani
2122:Ab Osterhaus
1969:
1965:
1955:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1814:
1810:
1754:
1750:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1669:
1611:
1607:
1562:(1): 69–77.
1559:
1555:
1545:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1483:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1196:
1192:
1134:
1130:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1010:
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996:
968:
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911:
903:
888:
819:
801:
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715:
709:
684:
678:
623:
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595:
592:
560:
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525:
519:
478:
475:
434:
431:
397:
391:
373:North Jeolla
366:
360:
327:
319:
316:Phylogenetic
291:
280:
241:
206:
177:
176:
168:
154:
143:Sarbecovirus
142:
130:
118:
106:
94:
83:Pisuviricota
82:
70:
58:
51:
41:(unranked):
3460:Wikispecies
3411:Milecovirus
3389:Letovirinae
3262:Andecovirus
3173:Cegacovirus
3002:Nobecovirus
2911:Hibecovirus
2834:Embecovirus
2769:Tegacovirus
2741:Sunacovirus
2713:Soracovirus
2611:Pedacovirus
2481:Minacovirus
2388:Decacovirus
2360:Colacovirus
2314:Nidovirales
2195:Coronavirus
1507:Virus Genes
377:South Korea
259:raccoon dog
186:SARS events
107:Nidovirales
3473:Categories
3203:Igacovirus
3113:SHC014-CoV
3071:SARS-CoV-2
3066:SARS-CoV-1
2227:SARS-CoV-2
2127:Joanna Tse
2058:SARS-CoV-1
932:References
918:nucleobase
890:SARS-CoV-2
821:SARS-CoV-1
680:SHC014-CoV
242:After the
138:Subgenus:
3499:Viverrids
2290:Riboviria
2178:SARS Wars
2171:Contagion
2063:SARSr-CoV
1988:0022-538X
1771:0022-538X
1636:0036-8075
1457:0095-1137
1398:0022-538X
1339:1080-6040
1280:0027-8424
1213:1080-6040
1153:0022-538X
1087:1080-6040
1037:0036-8075
489:Guangdong
485:Hong Kong
287:Guangzhou
251:Guangdong
228:Discovery
202:Guangzhou
150:Species:
66:Kingdom:
59:Riboviria
3494:Zoonoses
3449:Source:
3093:RacCS203
3083:BANAL-52
3076:Variants
2232:pandemic
2222:COVID-19
2215:MERS-CoV
2006:16611880
1947:33024307
1898:26719272
1849:24172901
1789:26269185
1729:24719429
1644:16195424
1586:26847648
1537:31076983
1475:15872219
1416:15681402
1357:15663874
1298:15695582
1231:16485471
1171:16140765
1105:15207054
1045:12958366
302:antibody
275:antibody
248:Shenzhen
222:adapting
164:Strain:
114:Family:
78:Phylum:
1997:1472041
1938:7537588
1889:4810638
1840:5389864
1819:Bibcode
1780:4580176
1720:4054348
1699:J Virol
1652:2971923
1616:Bibcode
1608:Science
1577:7090707
1528:7089380
1466:1153763
1348:3323399
1258:Bibcode
1222:3367621
1162:1212604
1131:J Virol
1096:3323155
1015:Bibcode
1007:Science
950:Uniprot
761:Kunming
722:Kunming
691:Kunming
571:Guangxi
567:Nanning
532:Baoshan
441:Yichang
404:Tonghua
362:16BO133
306:Shanwei
126:Genus:
102:Order:
90:Class:
3108:RpYN06
3103:RmYN02
3098:RaTG13
2110:People
2004:
1994:
1986:
1945:
1935:
1896:
1886:
1847:
1837:
1811:Nature
1787:
1777:
1769:
1727:
1717:
1650:
1642:
1634:
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1407:546586
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1289:548959
1286:
1278:
1229:
1219:
1211:
1169:
1159:
1151:
1103:
1093:
1085:
1043:
1035:
984:
914:genome
765:Yunnan
726:Yunnan
695:Yunnan
634:Yunnan
630:Lufeng
606:Yunnan
602:Lufeng
536:Yunnan
521:LYRa11
393:JTMC15
270:genome
194:genome
2323:>
2317:>
2311:>
2305:>
2299:>
2293:>
1648:S2CID
1489:Hubei
751:WIV16
445:Hubei
408:Jilin
298:Henan
294:Hunan
52:Realm
45:Virus
3451:ICTV
2210:MERS
2002:PMID
1984:ISSN
1943:PMID
1894:PMID
1845:PMID
1785:PMID
1767:ISSN
1725:PMID
1640:PMID
1632:ISSN
1582:PMID
1533:PMID
1471:PMID
1453:ISSN
1412:PMID
1394:ISSN
1353:PMID
1335:ISSN
1294:PMID
1276:ISSN
1227:PMID
1209:ISSN
1167:PMID
1149:ISSN
1101:PMID
1083:ISSN
1041:PMID
1033:ISSN
982:ISBN
926:ACE2
922:host
912:The
711:WIV1
487:and
296:and
261:and
3453:––
1992:PMC
1974:doi
1933:PMC
1925:doi
1884:PMC
1876:doi
1835:PMC
1827:doi
1815:503
1775:PMC
1759:doi
1715:PMC
1707:doi
1674:doi
1624:doi
1612:310
1572:PMC
1564:doi
1523:PMC
1515:doi
1461:PMC
1443:doi
1402:PMC
1384:doi
1343:PMC
1325:doi
1284:PMC
1266:doi
1254:102
1217:PMC
1201:doi
1157:PMC
1139:doi
1091:PMC
1073:doi
1023:doi
1011:302
974:doi
214:bat
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2000:.
1990:.
1982:.
1970:80
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