40:
259:
publica, the populus of that res publica (not people as people but people as citizens), any city state either proper or state-like, even ideal, or (mainly under the empire) the physical city, or urbs. Under that last meaning some places took on the name, civitas, or incorporated it into their name, with the later civita or civida as reflexes.
258:
was a popular and widely used word in ancient Rome, with reflexes in modern times. Over the centuries the usage broadened into a spectrum of meaning cited by the larger Latin dictionaries: it could mean in addition to the citizenship established by the constitution the legal city-state, or res
453:, likely served as the only defensive force in outlying Romanised areas threatened by barbarians. There is evidence that some civitates maintained some degree of Romanisation and served as population centres beyond the official Roman withdrawal, albeit with limited resources.
47:, or certificate of successful military service, granting citizenship to a retiring soldier and the dependents he had with him at the time. The key phrase is "est civitas eis data" where
361:
was officially divided up, some being granted to the locals and some being owned by the civil government. A basic street grid would be surveyed in but the development of the
375:
embraced the new urban centres: "They spoke of such novelties as 'civilisation', when this was really only a feature of their slavery." (Agricola, 21)
418:
had a primary purpose of stimulating the local economy in order to raise taxes and produce raw materials. All this activity was administered by an
281:
with some independence guaranteed through treaties. There were three categories of autonomous native communities under Roman rule: the highest,
569:
299:("free cities"), which indicated communities that had been granted specific privileges by Rome, often in the form of tax immunity (hence
460:
groups survived as distinct tribal groupings even beyond the fall of the Roman Empire, particularly in
Britain and northern Spain.
156:
is not just the collective body of all the citizens, it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a
231:
505:
196:, the two peoples participated in a ceremony of union after which they were named Quirites after the Sabine town of
598:
365:
from there was left to the inhabitants although occasional imperial grants for new public buildings would be made.
479:
31:
353:
During the later empire, the term was applied not only to friendly native tribes and their towns but also to
469:
305:
287:("allied states"), were formed with formally independent and equal cities, and sealed by a common treaty (
44:
180:
traces the first word and concept for the citizen at Rome to the first known instance resulting from the
121:
39:
283:
450:
309:("tributary states"), which while retaining their internal legal autonomy were obliged to pay tax.
593:
357:
divisions in peaceful provinces that carried out civil administration. Land destined to become a
247:
530:. P.S. Falla (trans.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 21–23.
340:, for example, the Romans made use of the army base that originally oversaw the nearby tribal
295:
484:
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329:
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council consisting of men of sufficient social rank to be able to stand for public office.
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523:
372:
321:
268:
197:
177:
95:
78:
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earthworks in times of trouble, if even that. Towards the end of the empire, the
224:. The two peoples had acquired one status. The Latin for the Sabine Quirites was
403:
337:
135:
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and were usually re-founded close to the site of an old, pre-Roman capital. At
146:), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are
395:
332:. The new Romanised urban settlements of these client tribes were also called
273:
181:
109:
474:
438:
407:
313:
218:
is "man", as only men participated in government). The
Quirites were the
126:) on the one hand and rights of citizenship on the other. The agreement (
118:). It is the law that binds them together, giving them responsibilities (
17:
446:
368:
342:
317:
234:*kei-, "lie down" in the sense of incumbent, member of the same house.
185:
105:
289:
91:
398:, formal political entities created from existing settlements. The
328:
was granted this status as a reward for loyalty to Rome during the
325:
320:
are examples of occupied regions granted semi-autonomy during the
147:
62:
193:
576:. Oxford; Medford: Clarendon Press; Perseus Digital Library.
312:
Prestigious and economically important settlements such as
555:
250:. Two peoples were now under the same roof, so to speak.
414:
complex providing an administrative and economic focus.
303:); the final, and by far most common group, were the
27:
Roman concept of citizenry as an entity united by law
388:
that grew up haphazardly around military garrisons;
394:, which were settlements of retired troops; and
267:As the empire grew, inhabitants of the outlying
8:
568:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (2007) .
528:The world of the citizen in republican Rome
510:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
253:
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171:
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84:
67:
48:
277:, meaning "capitulants", or be treated as
512:. London: John Murray. pp. 291–293.
115:concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati
38:
496:
433:Defensive measures were limited at the
230:, which in one analysis came from the
77:
7:
382:differed from the less well-planned
140:or "public entity" (synonymous with
132:) has a life of its own, creating a
200:. The two groups became the first
25:
553:Partridge, Eric (1983). "city".
188:presented in the legends of the
206:, subordinate assemblies, from
1:
212:("fellow assemblymen", where
98:, was the social body of the
557:. Now York: Greenwich House.
271:would either be classed as
170:is an abstract formed from
615:
29:
480:Forum of Vieux-la-Romaine
94:in the time of the late
32:Civitas (disambiguation)
504:Smith, William (1875).
470:Civitas sine suffragio
306:civitates stipendariae
254:
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134:
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68:
54:
49:
45:Roman military diploma
42:
284:civitates foederatae
79:[ˈkiːwɪtaːs]
75:Latin pronunciation:
53:means "citizenship".
30:For other uses, see
437:, rarely more than
246:all come from this
574:A Latin Dictionary
371:describes how the
301:liberae et immunes
263:Types of civitates
55:
599:Roman towns types
506:"CIVITAS (ROMAN)"
296:civitates liberae
293:); next came the
16:(Redirected from
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578:
577:
565:
559:
558:
550:
544:
538:
532:
531:
520:
514:
513:
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485:Anderitum (Gaul)
406:complete with a
355:local government
330:Second Punic War
324:. The island of
257:
229:
223:
217:
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90:), according to
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52:
21:
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603:
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541:History of Rome
539:
535:
524:Nicolet, Claude
522:
521:
517:
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502:
498:
493:
466:
269:Roman provinces
265:
192:. According to
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
612:
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477:
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402:were regional
373:Romano-Britons
322:Roman Republic
264:
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184:of Romans and
178:Claude Nicolet
96:Roman Republic
26:
24:
14:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
611:
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279:client states
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232:Indo-European
228:
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190:Roman Kingdom
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51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
573:
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540:
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527:
518:
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499:
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432:
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404:market towns
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346:to create a
341:
333:
311:
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282:
272:
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252:
243:
239:
235:
164:
108:, united by
83:
66:
59:Ancient Rome
56:
36:
449:, led by a
338:Cirencester
136:res publica
588:Categories
445:own local
443:civitates'
594:Roman law
570:"Civitas"
526:(1980) .
458:civitates
439:palisaded
435:civitates
416:Civitates
400:civitates
396:municipia
380:civitates
334:civitates
274:dediticii
182:synoecism
129:concilium
86:civitates
82:; plural
18:Civitates
475:Quirites
464:See also
456:Certain
451:decurion
447:militias
408:basilica
391:coloniae
314:Massilia
209:co-viria
106:citizens
543:I.13.4.
428:civitas
369:Tacitus
363:civitas
359:civitas
348:civitas
343:oppidum
318:Messana
255:Civitas
221:co-viri
186:Sabines
167:Civitas
153:civitas
148:ejected
143:civitas
69:civitas
50:civitas
290:foedus
242:, and
203:curiae
150:. The
122:munera
92:Cicero
61:, the
491:Notes
424:curia
412:forum
326:Malta
244:civil
240:civic
227:cives
198:Cures
173:civis
159:civis
104:, or
101:cives
65:term
63:Latin
426:, a
420:ordo
410:and
385:vici
378:The
316:and
248:root
236:City
194:Livy
422:or
215:vir
110:law
57:In
590::
572:.
508:.
350:.
238:,
176:.
162:.
43:A
112:(
73:(
34:.
20:)
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