1802:
Foreign
Service Schedule (FS) for members of the Foreign Service and more than twelve alternate pay systems that are referred to as alternate or experimental pay systems such as the first experimental system China Lake Demonstration Project. The current system began as the Classification Act of 1923 and was refined into law with the Classification Act of 1949. These acts that provide the foundation of the current system have been amended through executive orders and through published amendments in the Federal Register that sets for approved changes in the regulatory structure of the federal pay system. The common goal among all pay systems is to provide equitable salaries to all involved workers regardless of system, group or classification. This is referred to as pay equity or "equal pay for equal work". Select careers in high demand may be subject to a special rate table, which can pay above the standard GS tables. These careers include certain engineering disciplines and patent examiners.
53:
2662:, which included all career civil servants whose job includes "policymaking". Such employees would no longer be covered by civil service protections against arbitrary dismissal, but would be subject to the same rules as political appointees. The new description could be applied to thousands of nonpartisan experts such as scientists, who give advice to the political appointees who run their departments. Heads of all federal agencies were ordered to report by January 19, 2021, a list of positions that could be reclassified as Schedule F. The
120:
2629:(MSPB). OPM primarily provides management guidance to the various agencies of the executive branch and issues regulations that control federal human resources. FLRA oversees the rights of federal employees to form collective bargaining units (unions) and to engage in collective bargaining with agencies. MSPB conducts studies of the federal civil service and mainly hears the appeals of federal employees who are disciplined or otherwise separated from their positions. This act was an effort to replace incompetent officials.
125:
1269:
1281:
2667:
government at the end of every presidential administration, leaving federal agencies without deep institutional knowledge, expertise, experience, and the ability to develop and implement long-term policy strategies." Observers predicted that Trump could use the new rule to implement a "massive government purge on his way out the door". Schedule F was eliminated by
President
2585:. The law required federal government employees to be selected through competitive exams and basis of merit. It also prevented elected officials and political appointees from firing civil servants, removing civil servants from the influences of political patronage and partisan behavior. However, the law did not apply to state and municipal governments.
2561:, civil servants are not allowed to engage in political activities while performing their duties. In some cases, an outgoing administration will give its political appointees positions with civil service protection in order to prevent them from being fired by the new administration; this is called "burrowing" in civil service jargon.
2666:
submitted a list in
November that included 88 percent of the office's workforce. Federal employee organizations and Congressional Democrats sought to overturn the order via lawsuits or bills. House Democrats warned in a letter that "The executive order could precipitate a mass exodus from the federal
2645:
intended to crack down on unions that represent federal employees and to make it easier to fire federal workers. It was claimed that the changes are designed to strengthen merit-system principles in the civil service and improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the federal government.
1801:
The pay system of the United States government civil service has evolved into a complex set of pay systems that include principally the
General Schedule (GS) for white-collar employees, Federal Wage System (FWS) for blue-collar employees, Senior Executive System (SES) for Executive-level employees,
2011:
Circular A-76, most menial or lower paying jobs have been outsourced to private contractors. In 2010, there were 82,034 workers, 3.9% of the federal workforce, making more than $ 150,000 annually, compared to 7,240 in 2005. GS salaries are capped by law so that they do not exceed the salary for
1849:
All federal employees in the GS system receive a base pay that is adjusted for locality. Locality pay varies, but is at least 15.95% of base salary in all parts of the United States. The following salary ranges represent the lowest and highest possible amounts a person can earn in base salary,
1451:
A hiring authority is the law, executive order, regulation that allows an agency to hire a person into the federal civil service. In fiscal year 2014, there were 105 hiring authorities in use. The following were the top 20 hiring authorities used that year, which accounted for 91% of new
2556:
of 1883 and subsequent laws. By 1909, almost two-thirds of the U.S. federal workforce was appointed based on merit, that is, qualifications measured by tests. Certain senior civil service positions, including some heads of diplomatic missions and executive agencies, are filled by political
2650:
temporarily struck down most of the executive orders, ruling that they were an attempt to weaken federal labor unions representing federal employees. Judge
Jackson's ruling was reversed by the DC Circuit on jurisdiction grounds, saying the unions should first have complained to the
2545:, the workforce experienced fluctuations between 500 and 600,000. The one million mark was surpassed in the early 1940s, with a record 3.3 million people recorded as part of the federal civil service by 1945. This figure then receded to 2.1 million by October 1946.
1805:
The
General Schedule (GS) includes white collar workers at levels 1 through 15, most professional, technical, administrative, and clerical positions in the federal civil service. The Federal Wage System or Wage Grade (WG) schedule includes most federal
1603:
Allows agencies to appoint eligible veterans up to the GS-11 or equivalent level without regard to competitive examining procedures. Appointees are converted to competitive service appointments after 2 years of satisfactory service.
1442:, etc.), interns, foreign service professionals, doctors, lawyers, judges, and others. Agencies with excepted service authorities create their own hiring policies and are not subject to most appointment, pay, and classification laws.
1850:
without earning overtime pay or receiving a merit-based bonus. Actual salary ranges differ adjusted for increased locality pay. As of March 2022, however, all base salaries lie within the parameters of the following ranges:
1658:
Allows agencies to fill positions OPM has determined have a severe candidate shortage or a critical hiring need. Public notice is required but not the application of veterans' preference or applicant rating and ranking.
1588:
Allows agencies to noncompetitively reappoint former temporary employees (who have not already served the maximum time allowed) and noncompetitively appoint others eligible for certain career conditional appointments.
3728:
1687:
Targets individuals who have recently received a degree or certificate from a qualifying institution. After completion, eligible for non-competitive conversions to competitive service under specified conditions.
186:
449:
1734:
Allows DOD to hire qualified candidates for certain acquisition and health care occupations using direct-hire procedures where DOD has determined a shortage of candidates or critical hiring needs.
2541:
The federal service employed approximately 300 individuals by 1789. By the end of the 19th century, it had reached 208,000. As a consequence of the First World War, this number rose to 900,000.
163:
152:
2007:
Nineteen percent of federal employees earned salaries of $ 100,000 or more in 2009. The average federal worker's pay was $ 71,208 compared with $ 40,331 in the private sector, although under
1532:
Unique non-Title 5 hiring authority used strictly for appointment of
National Guard technicians. Appointees maintain a dual status as both a federal employee and state national guard member.
2389:
3367:, Section: Employment. Note: Because data on employment in certain agencies cannot be released to the public for national security reasons, this total does not include employment for the
1360:, which as of December 2011 reported approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the federal government, including employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the
1184:
434:
1312:
2113:
321:
2311:
444:
423:
141:
1398:
includes the majority of civil service positions, meaning employees are selected based on merit after a competitive hiring process for positions that are open to all applicants.
2039:
2116:, 15 executive departments, 259 executive department sub-agencies and bureaus, 66 independent agencies, 42 boards, commissions, and committees, 11 quasi-official agencies.
2016:
IV positions. The increase in civil servants making more than $ 150,000 resulted mainly from an increase in
Executive Schedule salary approved during the Administration of
2094:
3753:
3613:
1720:
Allows agencies to appoint persons with severe physical disabilities. Allows for non-competitive conversion to competitive service after 2 years of satisfactory service.
4166:
3598:
3006:
214:
2063:
1835:
1143:
1139:
920:
2976:
406:
3676:
3702:
870:
3274:
2454:
2247:
2090:
795:
316:
178:
1546:
Allows eligible veterans to apply for positions announced under merit promotion procedures when an agency accepts applications from outside its own workforce.
1574:
Targets students at qualifying educational institutions. Interns eligible to be noncompetitively converted to competitive service under specified conditions.
4130:
2234:
1161:
1002:
895:
3546:
4156:
4104:
2873:
2035:
1408:
1305:
1017:
439:
1810:
workers. As of
September 2004, 71% of federal civilian employees were paid under the GS; the remaining 29% were paid under other systems such as the
1242:
1237:
4041:
3637:
2879:
2324:
1100:
429:
1247:
2863:
883:
785:
236:
225:
4021:
3458:
2298:
2260:
1361:
1353:). U.S. state and local government entities often have comparable civil service systems that are modeled on the national system to varying degrees.
1060:
915:
3811:
3650:
2548:
In the early 19th century, positions in the federal government were held at the pleasure of the president—a person could be fired at any time. The
4056:
3881:
3079:
2285:
2106:
2071:
2051:
1365:
1051:
64:
2868:
2067:
2029:
1641:
1298:
1113:
1082:
1038:
1012:
952:
932:
830:
815:
458:
334:
133:
2520:
As of
January 2009, about 2 million civilian workers were employed by the federal government; excluding, the postal service and defense.
3779:
2846:
2821:
2801:
2759:
2736:
2716:
2693:
2402:
2102:
1843:
1420:(also known as unclassified service) includes jobs with a streamlined hiring process, such as security and intelligence functions (e.g., the
1073:
957:
804:
253:
2949:
2337:
1762:
Allows managers to meet a short-term critical hiring need to fulfill the mission of an agency for up to 30-days with one 30-day extension.
1174:
174:
3380:
2626:
2273:
2170:
1090:
967:
487:
278:
203:
1232:
1212:
3526:
2781:
2574:
2553:
2467:
2363:
1518:
Allows agencies to meet a hiring need that has not been remedied by using competitive examining, with justification and OPM approval.
987:
982:
937:
625:
507:
350:
342:
90:
1227:
1222:
1217:
4114:
2652:
2622:
2376:
2350:
2043:
1346:
1120:
1095:
1056:
947:
890:
855:
570:
72:
4066:
3207:
2612:
2600:
2582:
1338:
1166:
1151:
1127:
1042:
860:
842:
837:
1776:
Enables agencies to hire attorneys because OPM cannot develop qualification standards or examine for attorney positions by law.
4109:
3269:
2663:
2480:
2055:
2008:
1703:
1430:
1179:
1030:
972:
927:
755:
414:
1560:
Authorities granted by law, executive order, or regulation for which no specific OPM-designated hiring authority code exists.
4076:
4071:
3854:
2618:
2589:
2506:
2428:
1748:
Allows DOD to hire science and technology personnel at Research Labs with modification or waiver of some Title 5 provisions.
1357:
997:
992:
492:
472:
295:
261:
3432:
2984:
2493:
1831:
1623:
977:
962:
680:
85:
40:
4026:
3572:
3208:"Congressional Research Service Report for Congress: The Executive Schedule IV Pay Cap on General Schedule Compensation"
2098:
2078:
2059:
1827:
1619:
1377:
419:
311:
3151:
2788:
The Devil Wears Prada meets Catch-22; a novel about a young woman's journey into the heart of Washington's war machine.
2593:
1252:
3874:
3376:
3368:
3261:
2923:
2086:
1421:
1066:
850:
775:
720:
685:
3599:"D.C. Circuit reverses district court ruling that blocked Trump's civil service executive orders – Ballotpedia News"
3845:
3054:
2569:
Public support in the United States for civil service reform strengthened following the assassination of President
760:
665:
3842:
3350:
4051:
4036:
3969:
3178:
2536:
725:
715:
710:
690:
3239:
2523:
The federal government is the nation's single largest employer. Although most federal agencies are based in the
52:
3984:
3974:
3372:
1815:
1796:
1673:
Allows former eligible federal employees to reenter the competitive service without competing with the public.
1403:
790:
640:
555:
80:
2552:
meant that jobs were used to support the American political parties, though this was gradually changed by the
3405:
4161:
4061:
4016:
3994:
3979:
2901:
2210:
675:
670:
545:
1407:(SES) is the classification for non-competitive, senior leadership positions filled by career employees or
4088:
4046:
4031:
3989:
3867:
3163:
2659:
2527:
region, only about 16% (or about 288,000) of the federal government workforce is employed in this region.
1839:
1156:
765:
730:
635:
610:
111:
103:
3462:
3943:
2647:
1439:
750:
700:
655:
645:
630:
620:
605:
585:
560:
550:
540:
397:
119:
3193:
4001:
2832:
2771:
1273:
770:
745:
650:
590:
565:
535:
525:
195:
4011:
2893:
2658:
In October 2020, Trump signed an executive order that created a new category of federal employees,
1811:
1792:
1394:
705:
660:
600:
575:
530:
3789:
17:
3816:
2953:
2926:. DOI University, National Business Center, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1998. Archived from
2197:
2184:
2013:
1819:
1373:
900:
735:
615:
580:
3754:"UPDATED: Biden repeals Schedule F, overturns Trump workforce policies with new executive order"
2700:
A State Department employee's son reconstructs a childhood in a fictional Middle Eastern country
3651:"Trump just quietly passed an executive order that could destroy a future Biden administration"
3909:
3522:
3028:
2842:
2817:
2797:
2777:
2755:
2732:
2712:
2689:
2577:, which was passed into law on January 16, 1883. The commission was created to administer the
2558:
2020:, which raised the salary cap for senior GS employees slightly above the $ 150,000 threshold.
910:
780:
740:
695:
595:
497:
392:
3262:"Circular NO. A–11 PT. 7 Planning, Budgeting, Acquisition, and Management of Capital Assets"
2524:
2139:
1823:
1788:
1416:
502:
124:
3784:
3497:
3437:
3080:"Excepted Service Hiring Authorities: Their Use and Effectiveness in the Executive Branch"
2642:
2542:
1285:
905:
387:
370:
360:
303:
239:
166:
3851:
1490:. Applicants ranked and selections made by category rating. Veterans' preference applies
3953:
3573:"President Trump signs three executive orders in attempted crackdown on federal unions"
2570:
2017:
1204:
1131:
3214:
1280:
4150:
3948:
3933:
3904:
3890:
3112:"Federal Hiring: OPM Needs to Improve Management and Oversight of Hiring Authorities"
2747:
2704:
2681:
2578:
2549:
1369:
1342:
1334:
286:
228:
206:
155:
3353:. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. March 12, 2008. Archived from
3929:
2638:
2617:
This act abolished the United States Civil Service Commission and created the U.S.
382:
365:
353:
217:
144:
3729:"Trump lays the groundwork for a massive government purge on his way out the door"
1350:
3924:
3914:
3703:"Congress, employee groups ramp up pressure to block Schedule F executive order"
2047:
1807:
375:
3547:"Trump signs executive orders aimed at loosening clout of federal labor unions"
3138:
3919:
3328:
3303:
3843:
Career Guide to Industries: Federal Government, Excluding the Postal Service
2668:
269:
2927:
3111:
3938:
2836:
2646:
However, in August 2018, after reviewing the executive orders in detail,
1330:
4142:
4006:
3638:
Court Delivers Blow to Federal Unions Fighting Trump's Workforce Orders
3354:
1487:
1504:
Exclusively for Veterans Affairs to hire certain medical occupations.
1457:
Description of the 20 hiring authorities most used in fiscal year 2014
2042:. In addition, a number of staff organizations are grouped into the
1753:
Schedule A: Temporary, less-than-full time positions, critical need
3677:"OMB Lists Positions Stripped of Job Protection Under Trump Order "
3409:
3516:
2112:
As of March 2022, there are 392 federal agencies including 9
3242:. United States Office of Personnel Management. December 18, 2008
3859:
3518:
SNAFU, A Hysterical Memoir About Why the Government Doesn't Work
3289:
2573:. The United States Civil Service Commission was created by the
2441:
2082:
1579:
Temporary appointment, based on prior temporary federal service
1194:
4143:
A-Z Index of U.S. Government Departments and Agencies - USA gov
3863:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2183:
3614:"Judge rules against Trump's attempt to weaken federal unions"
3521:. Orlando, FL: Createspace/BureauRat Publishing. p. 119.
1199:
51:
2808:
Humorous novel of 1970s federal employees in Washington, DC
2588:
Effective January 1, 1978, the commission was renamed the
3128:
Pub. Law no. 516, Ch. 265, 42 Stat. 1488 (March 4, 1923).
2723:
A novel about a public health contractor in San Francisco
2125:
Federal Government executive branch civilian employment,
1609:
Alternative Personnel System, Department of Agriculture
2896:; Ray, P. Orman (1947). "The Executive Civil Service".
2671:
on 22, January 2021, nullifying the personnel changes.
1431:
1388:
There are three categories of U.S. federal employees:
4097:
3962:
3897:
2977:"Federal Eye – How many federal workers are there?"
1422:
3351:"Federal Government, Excluding the Postal Service"
2095:United States Agency for International Development
3852:Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB
3848:– Statistics and details on Federal civil service
3196:. Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 4A.
3181:. Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
1834:. In addition, some federal agencies—such as the
1725:Department of Defense expedited hiring authority
450:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
3484:Creating America: A History of the United States
3433:"Administration Moves to Protect Key Appointees"
2633:Attempted reforms under the Trump administration
1836:United States Securities and Exchange Commission
1814:for federal blue-collar civilian employees, the
2773:The Heart of War: Misadventures in the Pentagon
2648:U.S. District Court Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson
1702:Provides hiring flexibility exclusively to the
1640:Provides hiring flexibility exclusively to the
1618:Provides hiring flexibility exclusively to the
3055:"Federal Hiring Flexibilities Resource Center"
3035:. United States Office of Personnel Management
2034:Civil service employees work in one of the 15
1333:workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military
3875:
2083:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1306:
8:
4131:Civil service reform in developing countries
2127:except U.S. Postal Service, fiscal year 2016
3164:"Federal pay and the General Schedule (GS)"
2874:Category:Civil service in the United States
1486:Vacancies open to the public and posted on
3882:
3868:
3860:
3392:
3304:"Branches of the U.S. Government | USAGov"
3106:
3104:
2880:Curtis Douglas vs. Veterans Administration
2349:
2336:
2323:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2272:
2259:
2246:
2233:
2169:
2123:
1551:Other law, executive order, or regulation
1454:
1313:
1299:
29:
27:Non-elected workforce of the US government
2864:Government employees in the United States
1711:Schedule A: severe physical disabilities
1495:Department of Veterans Affairs, Title 38
1356:The U.S. civil service is managed by the
1341:'s departments and agencies. The federal
4167:1871 establishments in the United States
3727:Rampell, Catherine (November 30, 2020).
3540:
3538:
2950:"Total Government Employment Since 1962"
1852:
1376:) and the over 600,000 employees of the
3461:. Digitalhistory.uh.edu. Archived from
3329:"FedScope Federal Human Resources Data"
3179:"Richest of federal workers get richer"
3029:"Help Center: Entering Federal Service"
2915:
2828:Novel about the wife of a federal judge
2766:A novel of a diplomat's son in Cambodia
2107:National Railroad Passenger Corporation
2072:Office of Science and Technology Policy
2064:Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
1631:Transportation Security Administration
1436:Tooltip Federal Bureau of Investigation
445:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
435:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
39:
34:This article is part of a series on the
3780:"The Press: Soap Operas Come to Print"
3452:
3450:
3448:
3431:Eilperin, Juliet (November 18, 2008).
3118:. September 1, 2016. pp. 0, 9–11.
3116:U. S. Government Accountability Office
2869:List of United States federal agencies
2068:Office of National Drug Control Policy
2030:List of United States federal agencies
1846:—have their own unique pay schedules.
1649:Government-wide direct hire authority
1642:Transportation Security Administration
1537:Veterans Employment Opportunities Act
1509:Schedule A: Agency-specific Authority
3701:Ogrysko, Nicole (November 24, 2020).
3675:Wegmann, Philip (November 21, 2020).
3649:Feinberg, Andrew (October 30, 2020).
3331:. U.S. Office of Personnel Management
3192:Cauchon, Dennis (November 10, 2010).
3177:Cauchon, Dennis (December 11, 2009).
3139:"U.S. Office of Personnel Management"
2743:A novel of life in the Secret Service
2103:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
1844:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
805:Elections in the District of Columbia
7:
2348:
2322:
2296:
2271:
2245:
2221:
2195:
2168:
2133:
1175:United States and the United Nations
407:Inferior Courts of the United States
3381:National Imagery and Mapping Agency
3194:"More fed workers' pay tops $ 150K"
3089:. July 1, 2018. pp. 1–2, 9, 20
3087:U.S. Office of Personnel Management
2627:U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board
1739:Demonstration Project, Defense Lab
1427:Tooltip Central Intelligence Agency
1327:United States federal civil service
279:Vice President of the United States
4157:Civil service in the United States
4105:National civil service commissions
2975:O'Keefe, Ed (September 30, 2010).
2816:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2731:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
2575:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
2554:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
2468:Securities and Exchange Commission
1523:Defense National Guard technician
343:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
18:Civil service in the United States
3280:from the original on June 4, 2011
2898:Essentials of American Government
2653:Federal Labor Relations Authority
2623:Federal Labor Relations Authority
2594:Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978
2077:Independent agencies include the
2044:Executive Office of the President
1594:Veterans recruitment appointment
73:Constitution of the United States
3788:. August 8, 1977. Archived from
3406:"Political Activity (Hatch Act)"
2776:. Post Hill Press. p. 277.
2754:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
2613:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
2607:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
2601:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
2583:United States federal government
2097:(USAID). In addition, there are
1826:, and the pay schedules for the
1693:Federal Aviation Administration
1339:United States federal government
1279:
1267:
518:Elections by State and Territory
123:
118:
3457:Digital History, Steven Mintz.
3270:Office of Management and Budget
2664:Office of Management and Budget
2481:General Services Administration
2455:Environmental Protection Agency
2091:Environmental Protection Agency
2056:Office of Management and Budget
2009:Office of Management and Budget
1704:Federal Aviation Administration
1180:United Nations Security Council
1083:District of Columbia Government
3855:Congressional Research Service
3486:, Rand McNally, p. 238 (2003).
3240:"January 2009 Pay Adjustments"
2814:Secret understandings: A novel
2619:Office of Personnel Management
2597:(43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783)
2590:Office of Personnel Management
2507:Office of Personnel Management
2429:Social Security Administration
1358:Office of Personnel Management
296:United States Attorney General
262:President of the United States
1:
2952:. TemplateLab. Archived from
2853:A novel of the Forest Service
2770:McInnis, Kathleen J. (2018).
2688:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2565:U.S. Civil Service Commission
2494:Small Business Administration
2416:Selected independent agencies
2099:government-owned corporations
1624:Agricultural Research Service
440:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
2812:Philipson, Morris H (1983).
2675:Civil servants in literature
2079:United States Postal Service
2060:Council of Economic Advisers
1828:United States Postal Service
1362:three branches of government
430:Court of International Trade
3377:Defense Intelligence Agency
3369:Central Intelligence Agency
2924:"The Federal Civil Service"
2312:Health/Human Services (HHS)
2087:Central Intelligence Agency
4183:
3846:Bureau of Labor Statistics
3009:. Opm.gov. January 1, 2012
2711:. London: Serpent's Tail.
2610:
2534:
2129:(Employment in thousands)
2027:
1786:
1678:Pathways Recent Graduates
4123:
3408:. Osc.gov. Archived from
2752:A Wilderness Called Peace
2537:U.S. Civil Service Reform
2052:National Security Council
1345:was established in 1871 (
871:List of political parties
4115:Civil service by country
3373:National Security Agency
2592:under the provisions of
2156:
2145:
1816:Senior Executive Service
1797:Senior Executive Service
1404:Senior Executive Service
1274:United States portal
786:Northern Mariana Islands
134:House of Representatives
3812:"The Rules of the Game"
3515:Roberge, Ellen (2011).
3496:Ingraham, Patricia W.;
2902:Appleton-Century-Crofts
2841:. New York: Doubleday.
2727:Costello, Mark (2002).
2686:Little America: A Novel
2637:In May 2018, President
2390:Housing/Urban Dev (HUD)
1003:Individualist anarchism
175:Congressional districts
4110:Government occupations
2792:Mumms, Hardee (1977).
2557:appointees. Under the
1840:Federal Reserve System
1767:Schedule A, attorneys
1477:Competitive examining
1409:political appointments
1140:Diplomatic missions of
1018:Political polarization
488:Presidential elections
112:United States Congress
56:
3944:Public administration
2838:The Rules of the Game
2833:White, Stewart Edward
2158:Executive departments
2036:executive departments
215:President Pro Tempore
55:
3963:By country/territory
3792:on December 15, 2008
3758:Federal News Network
3707:Federal News Network
2796:. New York: Dutton.
2120:Employment by agency
2040:independent agencies
1565:Pathways internship
1144:in the United States
884:Political ideologies
508:Presidential primary
3733:The Washington Post
3681:Real Clear Politics
3502:The Future of Merit
3357:on January 14, 2009
3220:on January 19, 2012
2981:The Washington Post
2930:on October 18, 2009
2130:
1812:Federal Wage System
1793:Federal Wage System
1459:
1395:competitive service
1378:U.S. Postal Service
1286:Politics portal
1121:Department of State
796:U.S. Virgin Islands
3817:The New York Times
3760:. January 22, 2021
3465:on October 1, 2011
2124:
2014:Executive Schedule
1956:Highest step (10)
1820:Executive Schedule
1455:
1447:Hiring authorities
1384:Types of employees
1370:legislative branch
1337:employees) of the
1128:Secretary of State
498:Off-year elections
480:National Elections
187:Non-voting members
65:Federal government
57:
4139:
4138:
3910:Government agency
3459:"Digital History"
3290:National Archives
2987:on March 28, 2013
2848:978-1-4432-2300-3
2823:978-0-671-46619-0
2803:978-0-525-10425-4
2761:978-0-671-47416-4
2738:978-0-393-05116-2
2718:978-1-85242-554-8
2695:978-0-525-10425-4
2559:Hatch Act of 1939
2518:
2517:
2248:Homeland Security
2114:executive offices
2005:
2004:
1824:federal employees
1822:for high-ranking
1780:
1779:
1463:Hiring authority
1323:
1322:
1162:Visa requirements
1114:Foreign relations
1013:Political culture
953:Constitutionalism
831:Political parties
816:List of Elections
503:Primary elections
493:Midterm elections
415:Courts of appeals
43:
16:(Redirected from
4174:
4077:Northern Ireland
3884:
3877:
3870:
3861:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3612:Korte, Gregory.
3609:
3603:
3602:
3601:. July 18, 2019.
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3577:The Plain Dealer
3571:Eaton, Sabrina.
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3545:Korte, Gregory.
3542:
3533:
3532:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3454:
3443:
3442:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3266:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3213:. Archived from
3212:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2983:. Archived from
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2956:on April 1, 2018
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2905:
2900:(5th ed.).
2894:Ogg, Frederic A.
2852:
2827:
2807:
2794:Federal Triangle
2787:
2765:
2742:
2722:
2699:
2643:executive orders
2543:Between the wars
2525:Washington, D.C.
2235:Veterans Affairs
2131:
2046:, including the
2024:Federal agencies
1906:Lowest step (1)
1853:
1789:General Schedule
1460:
1458:
1440:State Department
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1417:excepted service
1366:executive branch
1315:
1308:
1301:
1284:
1283:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1091:District Council
1074:Local government
958:Environmentalism
322:Executive Office
317:Federal agencies
127:
122:
42:Politics of the
41:
30:
21:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4135:
4119:
4093:
3958:
3893:
3888:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3820:. March 5, 1911
3810:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3655:The Independent
3648:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3579:. Cleveland.com
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3498:Donald Moynihan
3495:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3456:
3455:
3446:
3438:Washington Post
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3412:on May 20, 2011
3404:
3403:
3399:
3393:Essentials 1947
3391:
3387:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3059:archive.opm.gov
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3007:"December 2011"
3005:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2892:
2889:
2860:
2849:
2831:
2824:
2811:
2804:
2791:
2784:
2769:
2762:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2719:
2703:
2696:
2680:
2677:
2635:
2625:(FLRA) and the
2615:
2609:
2567:
2539:
2533:
2146:Combined Total
2128:
2126:
2122:
2105:(FDIC) and the
2093:(EPA), and the
2032:
2026:
1832:Foreign Service
1799:
1787:Main articles:
1785:
1456:
1449:
1435:
1426:
1386:
1374:judicial branch
1319:
1290:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1209:
1191:
1171:
1152:Nationality law
1148:
1136:
1116:
1106:
1105:
1078:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1009:
944:
886:
876:
875:
867:
847:
833:
823:
822:
810:
800:
522:
514:
484:
475:
465:
464:
459:Other tribunals
454:
420:District courts
402:
337:
327:
326:
308:
304:Merrick Garland
256:
246:
245:
240:Mitch McConnell
237:Minority Leader
226:Majority Leader
191:
167:Hakeem Jeffries
164:Minority Leader
153:Majority Leader
129:
106:
96:
95:
67:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4180:
4178:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4162:Civil services
4159:
4149:
4148:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4089:European Union
4086:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4072:United Kingdom
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3954:Public service
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3849:
3838:
3837:External links
3835:
3832:
3831:
3803:
3771:
3745:
3719:
3693:
3667:
3641:
3630:
3604:
3590:
3563:
3534:
3528:978-0615610290
3527:
3507:
3504:. p. 103.
3488:
3476:
3444:
3423:
3397:
3395:, p. 307.
3385:
3342:
3320:
3295:
3253:
3231:
3199:
3184:
3169:
3155:
3144:
3130:
3121:
3100:
3071:
3046:
3020:
2998:
2967:
2941:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2829:
2822:
2809:
2802:
2789:
2783:978-1682616512
2782:
2767:
2760:
2748:Keeley, Edmund
2744:
2737:
2724:
2717:
2709:The enumerator
2705:Bushell, Agnes
2701:
2694:
2682:Bromell, Henry
2676:
2673:
2634:
2631:
2611:Main article:
2608:
2605:
2571:James Garfield
2566:
2563:
2535:Main article:
2532:
2529:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
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2451:
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2379:
2373:
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2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:Transportation
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2282:
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2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:Other defense
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2121:
2118:
2038:or one of the
2028:Main article:
2025:
2022:
2018:George W. Bush
2003:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
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1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
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1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:Reinstatement
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1620:Forest Service
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
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1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1452:appointments:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1412:
1399:
1385:
1382:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:European Union
1240:
1238:United Kingdom
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1134:
1132:Antony Blinken
1124:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:Superior Court
1098:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
968:Libertarianism
965:
960:
955:
950:
943:
942:
941:
940:
935:
925:
924:
923:
921:Traditionalist
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
887:
882:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
866:
865:
864:
863:
858:
846:
845:
840:
834:
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
809:
808:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
776:American Samoa
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
721:South Carolina
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
686:North Carolina
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
521:
520:
513:
512:
511:
510:
500:
495:
490:
483:
482:
476:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
417:
411:
410:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
357:
356:
347:
346:
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
319:
314:
307:
306:
300:
299:
291:
290:
283:
282:
274:
273:
266:
265:
257:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
233:
232:
222:
221:
211:
210:
200:
199:
190:
189:
183:
182:
171:
170:
160:
159:
149:
148:
138:
137:
116:
115:
107:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
77:
76:
68:
63:
62:
59:
58:
48:
47:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4179:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4145:
4144:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:United States
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Public policy
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Spoils system
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Public sector
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:Civil service
3885:
3880:
3878:
3873:
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3309:
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3299:
3296:
3291:
3276:
3273:. June 2008.
3272:
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3257:
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3241:
3235:
3232:
3216:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3195:
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2654:
2649:
2644:
2641:signed three
2640:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:civil service
2576:
2572:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2550:spoils system
2546:
2544:
2538:
2530:
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2258:
2254:
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2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2217:
2214:
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2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
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1885:
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1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
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1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1775:
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1766:
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1761:
1758:
1755:
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1713:
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1698:
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1666:
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1587:
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1578:
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1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
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1545:
1542:
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1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:Service type
1465:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1391:
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1389:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:5 U.S.C.
1344:
1343:civil service
1340:
1336:
1335:public sector
1332:
1328:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Latin America
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
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1153:
1150:
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1133:
1129:
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1125:
1122:
1119:
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1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
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1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
989:
988:Republicanism
986:
984:
983:Protectionism
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
939:
938:Progressivism
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
926:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
880:
879:
872:
869:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
852:
851:Third parties
849:
848:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
832:
827:
826:
819:
817:
812:
811:
807:
806:
802:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
761:West Virginia
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:New Hampshire
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Massachusetts
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
516:
515:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
477:
474:
469:
468:
461:
460:
456:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
404:
403:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
351:Chief Justice
349:
348:
345:
344:
340:
339:
336:
331:
330:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
293:
292:
288:
287:Kamala Harris
285:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
250:
249:
241:
238:
235:
234:
230:
229:Chuck Schumer
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:Kamala Harris
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
193:
192:
188:
185:
184:
180:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:Steve Scalise
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
126:
121:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
100:
99:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
66:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:
45:United States
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
4141:
4127:
4083:
3930:Merit system
3822:. Retrieved
3815:
3806:
3796:February 27,
3794:. Retrieved
3790:the original
3783:
3774:
3762:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3732:
3722:
3710:. Retrieved
3706:
3696:
3684:. Retrieved
3680:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3654:
3644:
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3617:
3607:
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3576:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3463:the original
3436:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:the original
3400:
3388:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:the original
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3307:
3298:
3288:– via
3282:. Retrieved
3268:
3256:
3246:December 22,
3244:. Retrieved
3234:
3224:December 22,
3222:. Retrieved
3215:the original
3202:
3187:
3172:
3158:
3147:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3091:. Retrieved
3086:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3032:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3001:
2989:. Retrieved
2985:the original
2980:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2954:the original
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2928:the original
2918:
2897:
2887:Bibliography
2878:
2837:
2813:
2793:
2772:
2751:
2728:
2708:
2685:
2657:
2639:Donald Trump
2636:
2616:
2596:
2587:
2568:
2547:
2540:
2522:
2519:
2415:
2157:
2111:
2101:such as the
2085:(NASA), the
2081:(USPS), the
2076:
2033:
2006:
1848:
1804:
1800:
1728:Competitive
1667:Competitive
1652:Competitive
1612:Competitive
1582:Competitive
1540:Competitive
1480:Competitive
1472:Description
1450:
1415:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1355:
1326:
1324:
1081:
1057:Legislatures
1037:
948:Abolitionism
891:Conservatism
813:
803:
726:South Dakota
716:Rhode Island
711:Pennsylvania
691:North Dakota
517:
479:
457:
405:
354:John Roberts
341:
294:
277:
260:
218:Patty Murray
194:
145:Mike Johnson
132:
117:
110:
71:
33:
4042:New Zealand
3925:Technocracy
3915:Bureaucracy
3738:December 1,
3712:December 1,
3686:December 1,
3660:December 1,
3623:December 3,
3583:December 3,
3556:December 3,
3335:February 7,
3308:www.usa.gov
3039:January 25,
3013:February 5,
2991:February 5,
2960:February 5,
2621:(OPM), the
2286:Agriculture
2089:(CIA), the
2050:staff, the
2048:White House
1808:blue-collar
1783:Pay systems
1351:§ 2101
1253:Arab League
1167:Visa policy
1043:Territorial
856:Libertarian
791:Puerto Rico
641:Mississippi
556:Connecticut
104:Legislature
4151:Categories
4098:Categories
3975:Bangladesh
3920:Bureaucrat
2934:August 31,
2910:References
2660:Schedule F
2136:Worldwide
2001:$ 159,950
1951:$ 123,041
1842:, and the
1045:government
1031:Federalism
973:Monarchism
928:Liberalism
843:Republican
838:Democratic
756:Washington
676:New Mexico
671:New Jersey
546:California
4128:See also:
4067:Sri Lanka
4062:Singapore
3995:Hong Kong
3970:Australia
3824:March 19,
3764:March 27,
3618:USA TODAY
3551:USA TODAY
3313:March 29,
3064:March 27,
2669:Joe Biden
2403:Education
2211:Air Force
1998:$ 135,987
1995:$ 115,079
1948:$ 104,604
1856:Pay grade
1770:Excepted
1756:Excepted
1714:Excepted
1696:Excepted
1681:Excepted
1634:Excepted
1597:Excepted
1568:Excepted
1526:Excepted
1512:Excepted
1498:Excepted
1157:Passports
1052:Governors
998:Anarchism
993:Socialism
766:Wisconsin
731:Tennessee
636:Minnesota
611:Louisiana
473:Elections
388:Kavanaugh
371:Sotomayor
335:Judiciary
270:Joe Biden
254:Executive
204:President
4052:Pakistan
4037:Malaysia
3939:Diplomat
3898:Concepts
3500:(2000).
3361:July 28,
3284:July 28,
3275:Archived
3152:NASA.gov
3093:March 3,
2858:See also
2835:(1910).
2750:(1985).
2707:(1997).
2684:(2001).
2599:and the
2338:Commerce
2299:Interior
2261:Treasury
2173:, total
2109:(NRPC).
2070:and the
1992:$ 96,770
1989:$ 80,737
1986:$ 73,484
1983:$ 66,731
1980:$ 60,416
1977:$ 54,557
1974:$ 49,096
1971:$ 44,039
1968:$ 39,361
1965:$ 35,066
1962:$ 31,114
1959:$ 27,502
1945:$ 88,520
1942:$ 74,441
1939:$ 62,107
1936:$ 56,528
1933:$ 51,332
1930:$ 46,475
1927:$ 41,966
1924:$ 37,765
1921:$ 33,878
1918:$ 30,280
1915:$ 26,975
1912:$ 24,722
1909:$ 21,986
1830:and the
1818:and the
1622:and the
1331:civilian
978:Populism
963:Feminism
751:Virginia
701:Oklahoma
681:New York
656:Nebraska
646:Missouri
631:Michigan
621:Maryland
606:Kentucky
586:Illinois
561:Delaware
551:Colorado
541:Arkansas
86:Taxation
4047:Nigeria
4022:Ireland
4007:Germany
3469:May 25,
3416:May 25,
3033:USAJOBS
2581:of the
2531:History
2274:Justice
2171:Defense
1557:10,745
1543:11,011
1529:11,143
1515:11,220
1501:30,240
1488:USAJobs
1483:44,612
1469:Number
1329:is the
896:history
771:Wyoming
746:Vermont
651:Montana
591:Indiana
571:Georgia
566:Florida
536:Arizona
526:Alabama
398:Jackson
393:Barrett
383:Gorsuch
312:Cabinet
142:Speaker
4057:Russia
4012:Greece
4002:France
3985:Canada
3980:Brazil
3525:
3379:, and
2845:
2820:
2800:
2780:
2758:
2735:
2729:Big If
2715:
2692:
2364:Energy
2162:1,923
2149:2,096
2066:, the
2062:, the
2058:, the
2054:, the
1901:GS-15
1838:, the
1795:, and
1773:1,627
1759:1,688
1745:2,032
1731:2,080
1717:2,204
1699:2,676
1684:2,845
1670:3,624
1655:4,449
1637:4,540
1615:6,630
1600:7,733
1585:8,344
1571:8,862
1372:, and
1349:
1233:Canada
1213:Russia
1067:Courts
933:Modern
916:Social
911:Paleo-
706:Oregon
661:Nevada
601:Kansas
576:Hawaii
531:Alaska
361:Thomas
196:Senate
91:Policy
4032:Japan
4027:Italy
4017:India
3990:China
3278:(PDF)
3265:(PDF)
3218:(PDF)
3211:(PDF)
3083:(PDF)
2377:State
2351:Labor
2179:16.5
1898:GS-14
1895:GS-13
1892:GS-12
1889:GS-11
1886:GS-10
1742:Both
1554:Both
1364:(the
1228:Japan
1223:India
1218:China
1096:Mayor
1039:State
901:Black
861:Green
736:Texas
616:Maine
581:Idaho
376:Kagan
366:Alito
3826:2018
3798:2010
3785:Time
3766:2021
3740:2020
3714:2020
3688:2020
3662:2020
3625:2018
3585:2018
3558:2018
3523:ISBN
3471:2011
3418:2011
3363:2008
3337:2017
3315:2022
3286:2008
3248:2011
3226:2011
3095:2019
3066:2021
3041:2017
3015:2013
2993:2013
2962:2013
2936:2009
2843:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2798:ISBN
2778:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2733:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2501:0.8
2442:NASA
2436:0.2
2420:173
2278:117
2252:192
2239:373
2218:0.5
2215:169
2202:207
2198:Navy
2189:251
2185:Army
2176:738
2165:132
2152:173
2140:D.C.
1883:GS-9
1880:GS-8
1877:GS-7
1874:GS-6
1871:GS-5
1868:GS-4
1865:GS-3
1862:GS-2
1859:GS-1
1414:The
1401:The
1392:The
1325:The
1195:NATO
1061:list
1041:and
906:Neo-
781:Guam
741:Utah
696:Ohio
596:Iowa
424:list
179:list
2485:12
2459:16
2446:17
2433:64
2423:41
2384:10
2381:13
2368:15
2355:16
2342:46
2329:55
2316:87
2303:71
2290:97
2265:92
2255:24
2226:80
2205:12
1432:FBI
1423:CIA
1200:G20
289:(D)
272:(D)
242:(R)
231:(D)
220:(D)
209:(D)
169:(D)
158:(R)
147:(R)
81:Law
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