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obtained before a marriage could take place and that the marriage should be celebrated in the parish where at least one of the parties was resident. However, these requirements were directory rather than mandatory and the absence of banns or a licence – or even the fact that the marriage was not
208:
As clandestine weddings and the unruly culture that surrounded them began to threaten power and property, questions about where and how to marry became urgent matters of public debate. In 1753, in an unprecedented and controversial use of state power, Lord
Chancellor Hardwicke mandated Anglican
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in very similar terms to the
English Act of 1753. But the Manx Act differed in one significant respect from the latter, in requiring clergy from abroad, who were convicted of conducting marriages in breach of the Act's requirements, to be
260:
The Act was highly successful in its stated aim of putting a stop to clandestine marriages, i.e., valid marriages performed by an
Anglican clergyman but not in accordance with the canons. Thus the notorious practice of clandestine
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or the obtaining of a licence. Those under the age of 21 had to have parental consent if they married by licence; marriages by banns, by contrast, were valid as long as the parent of the minor did not actually forbid the banns.
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were exempted from its provisions, although the Act did not go so far as to declare such marriages valid and it was many years before their legal standing was assured. Nor did the Act apply to members of the
245:. Indeed, members of the Royal Family have been consistently exempted from all general legislation relating to marriage since this date, which is why doubts were expressed in 2005 about the ability of then-
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clergyman. The mistaken assumption that a simple exchange of consent would suffice is based on later conflations between the theological position that consent made a marriage and the actual practice of the
289:. The early death of the Savoy's minister on board ship while waiting to be transported for his flouting of the Act may have discouraged others from making similar claims, even if his demise was due to
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church weddings as marriage's only legal form. Resistance to his
Marriage Act would fuel a new kind of realist marriage plot in England and help to produce political radicalism as we know it.
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in a civil ceremony, civil marriage being the creation of statute law. It was also provided that the 1753 Act had no application to marriages solemnized overseas or in
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celebrated in a church – did not render the marriage void. The only indispensable requirement was that the marriage be celebrated by an
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Probert, Rebecca (2009). "Control over
Marriage in England and Wales, 1753–1823: The Clandestine Marriages Act of 1753 in Context".
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204:. Prior to the passage of the 1753 Act such an exchange only created a binding contract to marry rather than a legal marriage.
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The origins of the
English marriage plot : literature, politics and religion in the eighteenth century
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162:. It came into force on 25 March 1754. The Act contributed to a dispute about the validity of a
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However, some couples evaded the Act by travelling to
Scotland. Various Scottish "border villages" (
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was ended, although there were various short-lived and abortive attempts to claim exemption for the
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166:, although pressure to address the problem of irregular marriages had been growing for some time.
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Probert, Rebecca, "The
Wedding of the Prince of Wales: Royal Privileges and Human Rights" (2005)
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139:, long title "An Act for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage", popularly known as
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and Paxton Toll) became known as places to marry. And in the 1770s the construction of a
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Leneman, Leah (Spring 1999). "The
Scottish Case That Led to Hardwicke's Marriage Act".
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Lee Brown, R. "The Rise and Fall of the Fleet
Marriage", ch 6 in R. B. Outhwaite,
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340:, before being imprisoned, fined and deported. The Act was repealed in 1849.
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Marriage Law & Practice in the Long Eighteenth Century: A Reassessment
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Marriage Law & Practice in the Long Eighteenth Century: A Reassessment
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passing through the hitherto obscure village of Graitney led to
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Before the Act, the legal requirements for a valid marriage in
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An Act for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage.
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456:The Misunderstood Contract Per Verba de Praesenti
678:Why do people get married after having children?
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436:Constitutions and canons ecclesiasticall, 1604
316:becoming synonymous with romantic elopements.
1705:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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8:
3072:Marriage, unions and partnerships in England
2905:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919
16:For other marriage-related legislation, see
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673:Civil Marriage in the Catholic Encyclopedia
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1703:Great Britain and Ireland and the United
216:The Origins of the English Marriage Plot
589:Statutes of the Isle of Man vol.i p.281
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329:An Act to prevent Clandestine Marriages
3067:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1753
2953:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
124:Text of statute as originally enacted
7:
3024:United Kingdom statutory instruments
554:(London: Europa Publications, 1981)
3082:Marriage law in the United Kingdom
14:
469:O'Connell, Lisa (18 March 2021).
323:also sprang up, and in 1757 the
158:to require a formal ceremony of
36:
2925:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
3029:Scottish statutory instruments
521:Child and Family Law Quarterly
133:Clandestine Marriages Act 1753
1:
3046:Church of England instruments
725:Pre-parliamentary legislation
600:"How to deal with come-overs"
756:the Kingdom of Great Britain
386:University of Illinois Press
186:. This had stipulated that
43:Parliament of Great Britain
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580:(York, 1790), Vol. 1, p.91
25:United Kingdom legislation
15:
1384:Acts of Parliament of the
643:10.1017/s0738248000002054
567:(York, 1790), Vol 1, p.74
319:A similar traffic to the
178:had been governed by the
35:
30:
1701:of the United Kingdom of
1387:Kingdom of Great Britain
732:List of English statutes
532:By the Marriage Act 1836
247:Charles, Prince of Wales
150:. c. 33), was the first
1170:Interregnum (1642–1660)
578:Memoirs of his own Life
565:Memoirs of his own Life
1364:Parliament of Scotland
631:Law and History Review
377:Law and History Review
220:
190:should be called or a
3016:Secondary legislation
1671:Parliament of Ireland
763:Parliament of England
426:(CUP, 2009) chapter 5
327:of the island passed
251:Camilla Parker-Bowles
152:statutory legislation
2937:Acts of Senedd Cymru
2868:European Communities
737:Charter of Liberties
552:Marriage and Society
243:British Royal Family
2842:Halsbury's Statutes
754:of states preceding
752:Acts of parliaments
624:The text of the Act
2848:Legislation.gov.uk
1699:Acts of Parliament
422:Probert, Rebecca,
281:and the parish of
135:, also called the
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1246:Habeas Corpus Act
1157:Petition of Right
523:(Jordans) 17(363)
355:Marriage Act 1836
298:Coldstream Bridge
184:Church of England
176:England and Wales
164:Scottish marriage
156:England and Wales
137:Marriage Act 1753
129:
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109:Marriage Act 1823
98:Other legislation
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2862:relating to the
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117:Status: Repealed
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211:
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168:
142:Lord Hardwicke
127:
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33:
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24:
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2:
3094:
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2328:
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2258:
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2208:
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2203:
2200:
2198:
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2178:
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2173:
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2163:
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2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
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2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
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2048:
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
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1918:
1915:
1913:
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1468:
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1398:
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1382:
1372:
1369:
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1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
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1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
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1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:
786:Temp. incert.
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
761:
758:
753:
749:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
723:
719:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
692:
689:
682:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
622:
621:
617:
601:
595:
592:
586:
583:
579:
573:
570:
566:
560:
557:
553:
547:
544:
538:
535:
529:
526:
522:
516:
513:
507:
504:
498:
495:
490:
486:
482:
480:9781108707459
476:
472:
465:
462:
458:
457:
452:
448:
443:
440:
437:
432:
429:
425:
419:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
370:
367:
360:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
341:
339:
335:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
230:
222:
217:
210:
205:
203:
202:church courts
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
143:
138:
134:
125:
121:
114:
110:
107:
105:
101:
96:
93:25 March 1754
92:
90:
86:
82:
80:
76:
71:
67:
64:
62:
58:
54:
52:
48:
44:
34:
29:
23:
19:
2983:1994 to date
2918:institutions
2877:1972 to date
2853:Short titles
2840:
1669:Acts of the
1168:
785:
634:
630:
603:. Retrieved
594:
585:
577:
572:
564:
559:
551:
546:
537:
528:
520:
515:
506:
497:
470:
464:
454:
453:chapter 2, (
450:
442:
435:
431:
423:
418:
381:
375:
369:
350:Marriage Act
338:ears cropped
328:
318:
314:Gretna Green
295:
275:Savoy Chapel
271:Fleet Prison
259:
226:
215:
207:
173:
140:
136:
132:
130:
89:Commencement
79:Royal assent
22:
18:Marriage Act
742:Magna Carta
388:: 161–169.
325:legislature
321:Isle of Man
104:Repealed by
83:7 June 1753
3061:Categories
2866:(formerly
683:2011-05-26
605:28 January
541:Section 18
489:1225190242
361:References
306:Mordington
170:Background
51:Long title
1689:1751–1800
1684:1701–1750
1480:1760–1764
1475:1755–1759
1470:1750–1754
1465:1745–1749
1460:1740–1744
1455:1735–1739
1450:1730–1734
1445:1725–1729
1440:1720–1724
1435:1715–1719
812:1422–1460
807:1413–1421
802:1399–1411
797:1377–1397
792:1327–1376
780:1308–1325
775:1275–1307
770:1225–1267
659:145445533
510:Section 4
501:Section 1
410:144650291
334:pilloried
310:toll road
302:Lamberton
249:to marry
180:canon law
148:26 Geo. 2
66:26 Geo. 2
2916:devolved
2893:measures
651:40646019
344:See also
287:Cornwall
255:Scotland
212:—
197:Anglican
160:marriage
61:Citation
1679:to 1700
1371:to 1707
277:in the
238:Quakers
223:Effects
182:of the
68:. c. 33
657:
649:
487:
477:
408:
402:744190
400:
283:Temple
279:Strand
267:London
111:, s. 1
655:S2CID
647:JSTOR
406:S2CID
398:JSTOR
384:(1).
229:banns
188:banns
73:Dates
2992:for
2958:List
2946:List
2939:and
2930:List
2900:List
2833:2024
2828:2023
2823:2022
2818:2021
2813:2020
2808:2019
2803:2018
2798:2017
2793:2016
2788:2015
2783:2014
2778:2013
2773:2012
2768:2011
2763:2010
2758:2009
2753:2008
2748:2007
2743:2006
2738:2005
2733:2004
2728:2003
2723:2002
2718:2001
2713:2000
2705:1999
2700:1998
2695:1997
2690:1996
2685:1995
2680:1994
2675:1993
2670:1992
2665:1991
2660:1990
2655:1989
2650:1988
2645:1987
2640:1986
2635:1985
2630:1984
2625:1983
2620:1982
2615:1981
2610:1980
2605:1979
2600:1978
2595:1977
2590:1976
2585:1975
2580:1974
2575:1973
2570:1972
2565:1971
2560:1970
2555:1969
2550:1968
2545:1967
2540:1966
2535:1965
2530:1964
2525:1963
2520:1962
2515:1961
2510:1960
2505:1959
2500:1958
2495:1957
2490:1956
2485:1955
2480:1954
2475:1953
2470:1952
2465:1951
2460:1950
2455:1949
2450:1948
2445:1947
2440:1946
2435:1945
2430:1944
2425:1943
2420:1942
2415:1941
2410:1940
2405:1939
2400:1938
2395:1937
2390:1936
2385:1935
2380:1934
2375:1933
2370:1932
2365:1931
2360:1930
2355:1929
2350:1928
2345:1927
2340:1926
2335:1925
2330:1924
2325:1923
2320:1922
2315:1921
2310:1920
2305:1919
2300:1918
2295:1917
2290:1916
2285:1915
2280:1914
2275:1913
2270:1912
2265:1911
2260:1910
2255:1909
2250:1908
2245:1907
2240:1906
2235:1905
2230:1904
2225:1903
2220:1902
2215:1901
2210:1900
2202:1899
2197:1898
2192:1897
2187:1896
2182:1895
2177:1894
2172:1893
2167:1892
2162:1891
2157:1890
2152:1889
2147:1888
2142:1887
2137:1886
2132:1885
2127:1884
2122:1883
2117:1882
2112:1881
2107:1880
2102:1879
2097:1878
2092:1877
2087:1876
2082:1875
2077:1874
2072:1873
2067:1872
2062:1871
2057:1870
2052:1869
2047:1868
2042:1867
2037:1866
2032:1865
2027:1864
2022:1863
2017:1862
2012:1861
2007:1860
2002:1859
1997:1858
1992:1857
1987:1856
1982:1855
1977:1854
1972:1853
1967:1852
1962:1851
1957:1850
1952:1849
1947:1848
1942:1847
1937:1846
1932:1845
1927:1844
1922:1843
1917:1842
1912:1841
1907:1840
1902:1839
1897:1838
1892:1837
1887:1836
1882:1835
1877:1834
1872:1833
1867:1832
1862:1831
1857:1830
1852:1829
1847:1828
1842:1827
1837:1826
1832:1825
1827:1824
1822:1823
1817:1822
1812:1821
1807:1820
1802:1819
1797:1818
1792:1817
1787:1816
1782:1815
1777:1814
1772:1813
1767:1812
1762:1811
1757:1810
1752:1809
1747:1808
1742:1807
1737:1806
1732:1805
1727:1804
1722:1803
1717:1802
1712:1801
1660:1800
1655:1799
1650:1798
1645:1797
1640:1796
1635:1795
1630:1794
1625:1793
1620:1792
1615:1791
1610:1790
1605:1789
1600:1788
1595:1787
1590:1786
1585:1785
1580:1784
1575:1783
1570:1782
1565:1781
1560:1780
1555:1779
1550:1778
1545:1777
1540:1776
1535:1775
1530:1774
1525:1773
1520:1772
1515:1771
1510:1770
1505:1769
1500:1768
1495:1767
1490:1766
1485:1765
1430:1714
1425:1713
1420:1712
1415:1711
1410:1710
1405:1709
1400:1708
1395:1707
1355:1706
1350:1705
1345:1704
1340:1703
1335:1702
1330:1701
1325:1700
1320:1698
1315:1697
1310:1696
1305:1695
1300:1694
1295:1693
1290:1692
1285:1691
1280:1690
1268:1689
1263:1688
1258:1685
1253:1680
1241:1679
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