33:
46:
260:. Unlike other related species, the conidiophores of this species lack swollen nodes at the branching points. Conidia of this species are characteristically globose to ellipsoid with a diameter of 3.4–4.0 μm. The conidia are formed in branching chains in which the youngest conidium is situated at the top.
425:
is also been shown to inhabit paint films on walls and other surfaces as well as old paintings. This fungus is also able to grow on gypsum-based material with and without paint and wallpaper. Plant materials that are affected include citrus leaves on various other decaying plant leaves, on the stems
264:
also produces ramoconidia 6–14 × 3.5–4.0 μm in length and this feature can be used as a method of distinguishing between similar species. Ramoconidia are conidia found at the branching points joining multiple spore chains and can be recognized by one end having a single attachment scar and the other
487:
in July 2020. During the 30 day study the amount of radiation reduction beneath a 1.7 mm thick layer of fungus at full maturity was measured to be 2.17±0.35%. Estimates of a 21 cm thick layer of the fungus indicate it could attenuate the annual dose from the radiation on the surface of Mars.
273:
fungus, known to grow at temperatures as low as −5 °C (23 °F) with an upper limit of 35 °C (95 °F) and no growth at 37 °C (99 °F). The optimal temperature this fungus grows under is 25 °C (77 °F). This fungus is
450:
individuals caused by many dematiaceous fungi. It has been reported rarely from skin, eye, sinus, and brain infections. There has been one reported case in which a female patient developed swelling on the dorsum of her hand which, after testing with
441:
agent of harvested fruits and vegetables. There are very few reports implicating this species as a disease agent in humans. It is known as an allergen and mainly causes problems in patients with respiratory tract diseases as well as subcutaneous
412:
fungus that inhabits city buildings and the environment and because of its airborne nature it can move rapidly between locations, though the extent of this is lacking in research. It is found in hypersaline environments in
889:
Hocking, Ailsa D.; Miscamble, Beverly F.; Pitt, J.I. (January 1994). "Water relations of
Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Curvularia lunata and Curvularia pallescens".
362:, enzymatic lysis, oxidant attack, and fungal infections from other competing fungi. A method that can be used to determine the presence of this fungus on a background of other organic material is through the
1342:
Chen, Chi-Yu; Lu, Po-Liang; Lee, Kun-Mu; Chang, Tsung Chain; Lai, Chung-Chih; Chang, Ko; Lin, Wei-Ru; Lin, Chun-Yu; Chen, Yen-Hsu (December 2013). "Acute
Meningitis Caused by Cladosporium sphaerospermum".
829:
Bensch, K.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Dijksterhuis, J.; Starink-Willemse, M.; Andersen, B.; Summerell, B.A.; Shin, H.-D.; Dugan, F.M.; Schroers, H.-J.; Braun, U.; Crous, P.W. (2010).
1671:
739:
397:
of melanin in this species. Genes associated with the production of allergens were also identified as well as those conferring resistance to various antifungal drugs.
504:
Dadachova, Ekaterina; Bryan, Ruth A.; Huang, Xianchun; Moadel, Tiffany; Schweitzer, Andrew D.; Aisen, Philip; Nosanchuk, Joshua D.; Casadevall, Arturo (2007-05-23).
1545:
1388:"A Self-Replicating Radiation-Shield for Human Deep-Space Exploration: Radiotrophic Fungi can Attenuate Ionizing Radiation aboard the International Space Station"
1584:
256:
are branched, septate, and dark, up to 150–300 μm long and 3.5–4.0 μm wide. The structure of the conidiophores are tree-like, a prominent feature of the genus
1454:
479:
in
December 2018 and January 2019 to test whether radiotrophic fungi could be used as protection against radiation, especially in space. The experiment used
1519:
782:"Phylogeny and ecology of the ubiquitous saprobe Cladosporium sphaerospermum, with descriptions of seven new species from hypersaline environments"
249:, and olivaceous-brown in colour. Colonies of the fungus are velvety in texture and flattened (i.e., rarely raised, fluffy, or radially furrowed).
459:. Another case in which identified was where it caused cerebral phaeohyphomycosis but this was treated successfully and the symptoms were abated.
417:
and tropical climates, as well as soil and plant environments in temperate climates. The indoor presence of this fungus can signify there is a
1607:
1226:
1065:
Ng, K. P.; Yew, S. M.; Chan, C. L.; Soo-Hoo, T. S.; Na, S. L.; Hassan, H.; Ngeow, Y. F.; Hoh, C.-C.; Lee, K.-W.; Yee, W.-Y. (27 April 2012).
710:
452:
211:
despite their unique nature. Accordingly, there is confusion in older literature reports on the physiological and habitat regularities of
1017:"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from an aged PAH contaminated soil"
1666:
1633:
577:
336:
426:
of herbaceous and woody plants, on fruits and vegetables. The fungus has also been reported from wheat-based bakery items.
1571:
45:
476:
1589:
409:
182:
156:
831:"Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales)"
386:
307:
and is a secondary invader of dead or dying plant tissue. Energy is provided through the conversion of starch,
323:. However, it has been shown in a laboratory environment that these fungi are able to successfully grow with
1676:
506:"Ionizing Radiation Changes the Electronic Properties of Melanin and Enhances the Growth of Melanized Fungi"
327:
as the sole source of carbon. This trait may have arisen because these fungi and many others from the genus
1422:
221:
1114:
Qiu-Xia, Chen; Chang-Xing, Li; Wen-Ming, Huang; Jiang-Qiang, Shi; Wen, Li; Shun-Fang, Li (18 July 2007).
1661:
414:
140:
32:
1638:
1301:
Patnayak, Rashmi; Verma, Anju; Mudgeti, Nagaraja; Kalawat, Usha; Asha, Thota; Maduri, Alekhya (2015).
1599:
1511:
1480:
971:
780:
Zalar, P.; de Hoog, G.S.; Schroers, H.-J.; Crous, P.W.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2007).
517:
200:
960:"Growth of the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum with toluene as the sole carbon and energy source"
172:
1403:
1368:
1145:
940:
720:
624:
40:
1550:
1620:
1467:
1387:
1360:
1324:
1280:
1222:
1199:
1137:
1096:
1067:"Sequencing of Cladosporium sphaerospermum, a Dematiaceous Fungus Isolated from Blood Culture"
1038:
997:
860:
811:
706:
678:
616:
598:
553:
535:
443:
344:
1625:
1395:
1352:
1314:
1270:
1262:
1189:
1181:
1127:
1086:
1078:
1028:
987:
979:
930:
899:
850:
842:
801:
793:
668:
660:
606:
590:
543:
525:
447:
455:
and
Lactophenol cotton blue, confirmed the presence of dematiaceous hyphae compatible with
732:
87:
975:
521:
1506:
1275:
1246:
1091:
1066:
855:
830:
806:
781:
673:
648:
611:
572:
548:
505:
320:
283:
282:) or other dissolved solutes. This fungus has been observed to grow in as low as 0.815
107:
1194:
1169:
992:
959:
903:
1655:
1459:
1407:
1132:
1115:
983:
438:
270:
216:
1149:
944:
703:
Fundamentals of mold growth in indoor environments and strategies for healthy living
1372:
628:
418:
366:
which stains the fungus. The addition of lactophenol blue with this test turns the
279:
177:
117:
1472:
1185:
278:
as it can thrive in environments with low water activity caused by high salinity (
1445:
1356:
1033:
1016:
573:"Ionizing radiation: how fungi cope, adapt, and exploit with the help of melanin"
530:
331:
are secondary colonizers and frequently dwell in environments poor in nutrients.
225:. According to modern phylogenetic analyses, the previously synonymized species,
207:
attributes. In older literature, all of these sibling species were classified as
1576:
1532:
484:
359:
97:
1399:
594:
340:
304:
77:
1319:
1302:
1266:
602:
539:
354:. This species is a prolific producer of the pigmented secondary metabolite,
339:
biodegradation in soils due to reactive oxygen species produced as secondary
1493:
935:
918:
464:
308:
275:
57:
1364:
1328:
1284:
1168:
Davis, ND; Wagener, E; Dalby, DK; Morgan-Jones, G; Diener, UL (July 1975).
1141:
1100:
1042:
864:
846:
815:
797:
682:
620:
557:
378:
with their characteristic brown colouring. The first draft sequence of the
1303:"Subcutaneous infection by Cladosporium sphaerospermum-A rare case report"
1203:
1001:
1558:
1439:
1245:
Dugan, F.M.; Braun, U.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (1 December 2008).
586:
394:
375:
371:
363:
253:
1082:
1524:
1386:
Shunk, Graham K.; Gomez, Xavier R.; Averesch, Nils J. H. (2020-07-17).
421:
problem within the building such as on bathroom walls and in kitchens.
390:
355:
324:
316:
312:
246:
204:
1537:
1116:"Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium sphaerospermum"
463:
produces allergenic compounds but is not known to produce significant
1563:
382:
367:
192:
187:
67:
1416:
1219:
Building mycology : management of decay and health in buildings
1015:
Potin, Olivier; Veignie, Etienne; Rafin, Catherine (December 2004).
664:
385:
was created in 2012. Genes were identified that are involved in the
203:
differentiated, "cryptic" species that share many physiological and
1498:
647:
Bensch, K.; Braun, U.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (June 2012).
238:
1612:
1485:
1420:
195:
characterized by slow growth and largely asexual reproduction.
358:, thought to serve as a protective mechanism against
701:
Samson, edited by Olaf C.G. Adan, Robert A. (2011).
1429:
571:Dadachova, Ekaterina; Casadevall, Arturo (2008).
958:Weber, Frans; Hage, Ko; Bont, Jan (Oct 1995).
705:. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
370:in the cell wall blue but leaves the budding
8:
1345:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
1307:Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
1240:
1238:
1163:
1161:
1159:
775:
773:
771:
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696:
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642:
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638:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
1417:
1296:
1294:
191:. It is a dematiaceous (darkly-pigmented)
31:
20:
1318:
1274:
1221:(1st ed.). London: E & FN Spon.
1193:
1131:
1090:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1032:
991:
934:
854:
805:
738:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
672:
610:
547:
529:
265:end having two or more attachment scars.
215:in the strict sense. This fungus is most
185:from the decaying leaves and branches of
393:biosynthesis pathway which confirms the
1672:Taxa named by Albert Julius Otto Penzig
496:
964:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
728:
718:
7:
1600:a9a17759-c17a-4f62-a746-b1392cfefd59
475:An experiment has been made at the
919:"Carbohydrate catabolism by fungi"
453:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
14:
1133:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01417.x
984:10.1128/aem.61.10.3562-3566.1995
483:. Results were prepublished for
199:consists of a complex of poorly
44:
917:Gottlieb, D. (1 January 1963).
578:Current Opinion in Microbiology
337:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
446:and intrabronchial lesions in
1:
1247:"Morphological plasticity in
1186:10.1128/aem.30.1.159-161.1975
904:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80344-4
181:and was described in 1886 by
1357:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3182a59b5f
1034:10.1016/j.femsec.2004.07.013
531:10.1371/journal.pone.0000457
471:Protection against radiation
1431:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
1249:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
1217:Singh, Jagjit, ed. (1994).
481:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
477:International Space Station
461:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
435:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
423:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
406:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
333:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
301:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
267:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
262:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
243:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
197:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
168:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
150:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
25:Cladosporium sphaerospermum
1693:
923:Pure and Applied Chemistry
1400:10.1101/2020.07.16.205534
1170:"Toxigenic fungi in food"
1021:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
595:10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.013
229:, is a distinct species.
183:Albert Julius Otto Penzig
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1320:10.4103/0377-4929.162936
1267:10.3767/003158508X334389
1126:(1): 070726205023006––.
649:"The genus Cladosporium"
1667:Fungi described in 1882
936:10.1351/pac196307040603
175:belonging to the genus
847:10.3114/sim.2010.67.01
798:10.3114/sim.2007.58.06
227:Cladosporium langeroni
132:C. sphaerospermum
1394:: 2020.07.16.205534.
437:is mainly known as a
233:Growth and morphology
1174:Applied Microbiology
892:Mycological Research
387:dihydroxynaphthalene
1083:10.1128/EC.00081-12
976:1995ApEnM..61.3562W
835:Studies in Mycology
786:Studies in Mycology
653:Studies in Mycology
522:2007PLoSO...2..457D
401:Habitat and ecology
335:is able to enhance
173:radiotrophic fungus
731:has generic name (
245:are thick walled,
1649:
1648:
1621:Open Tree of Life
1423:Taxon identifiers
1228:978-0-419-19020-2
970:(10): 3562–3566.
712:978-90-8686-135-4
457:C. sphaerospermum
444:phaeohyphomycosis
380:C. sphaerospermum
251:C. sphaerospermum
213:C. sphaerospermum
209:C. sphaerospermum
164:
163:
16:Species of fungus
1684:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1580:
1579:
1577:BMSSYS0000004024
1567:
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1541:
1540:
1528:
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1514:
1502:
1501:
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1476:
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1418:
1412:
1411:
1383:
1377:
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1333:
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1322:
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1289:
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1233:
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1214:
1208:
1207:
1197:
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1154:
1153:
1135:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1062:
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1046:
1036:
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1005:
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949:
948:
938:
914:
908:
907:
886:
869:
868:
858:
826:
820:
819:
809:
777:
744:
743:
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730:
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724:
716:
698:
687:
686:
676:
644:
633:
632:
614:
568:
562:
561:
551:
533:
501:
303:is considered a
217:phylogenetically
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1692:
1691:
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1683:
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1415:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1071:Eukaryotic Cell
1064:
1063:
1050:
1014:
1013:
1009:
957:
956:
952:
916:
915:
911:
888:
887:
872:
828:
827:
823:
779:
778:
747:
737:
727:
717:
713:
700:
699:
690:
665:10.3114/sim0003
646:
645:
636:
570:
569:
565:
503:
502:
498:
494:
473:
448:immunocompetent
432:
403:
352:
348:
298:
287:
235:
201:morphologically
160:
154:
148:
135:
88:Dothideomycetes
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1677:Fungus species
1674:
1669:
1664:
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1653:
1647:
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1643:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1594:
1581:
1568:
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1529:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1378:
1351:(6): 523–525.
1334:
1290:
1234:
1227:
1209:
1155:
1106:
1077:(5): 705–706.
1048:
1007:
950:
929:(4): 603–610.
909:
870:
821:
745:
711:
688:
634:
563:
495:
493:
490:
472:
469:
431:
428:
402:
399:
360:UV irradiation
350:
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321:carbon dioxide
297:
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234:
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162:
161:
155:
144:
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137:
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129:
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108:Davidiellaceae
105:
101:
100:
95:
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90:
85:
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61:
60:
55:
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28:
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15:
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10:
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4:
3:
2:
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1230:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:(1): 159–61.
1179:
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1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
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766:
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746:
741:
734:
729:|first1=
722:
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415:Mediterranean
411:
407:
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398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
376:conidiophores
374:and globular
373:
369:
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361:
357:
353:
342:
338:
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306:
302:
295:
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288:
281:
277:
272:
271:psychrophilic
268:
263:
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255:
254:conidiophores
252:
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141:Binomial name
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42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1662:Cladosporium
1430:
1391:
1381:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1313:(3): 406–7.
1310:
1306:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1218:
1212:
1177:
1173:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1074:
1070:
1027:(1): 71–78.
1024:
1020:
1010:
967:
963:
953:
926:
922:
912:
898:(1): 91–94.
895:
891:
838:
834:
824:
789:
785:
702:
659:(1): 1–401.
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576:
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434:
433:
430:Human health
422:
419:condensation
410:cosmopolitan
405:
404:
379:
332:
329:Cladosporium
328:
300:
299:
289:
280:halotolerant
276:xerotolerant
266:
261:
258:Cladosporium
257:
250:
242:
236:
226:
222:C. fusiforme
220:
212:
208:
196:
186:
178:Cladosporium
176:
167:
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165:
149:
147:
131:
130:
119:Cladosporium
118:
24:
18:
1533:iNaturalist
1261:(1): 9–16.
792:: 157–183.
589:: 525–531.
516:(5): e457.
485:peer-review
341:metabolites
219:similar to
98:Capnodiales
1656:Categories
492:References
465:mycotoxins
343:, such as
305:saprotroph
296:Physiology
269:is also a
205:ecological
78:Ascomycota
74:Division:
1446:Q10454504
1408:220650792
1255:Persoonia
721:cite book
603:1369-5274
540:1932-6203
309:cellulose
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1559:MycoBank
1551:11077151
1507:Fungorum
1460:60016724
1455:AusFungi
1440:Wikidata
1365:24263083
1329:26275282
1285:20396574
1150:33166762
1142:18076601
1101:22544899
1043:16329856
945:96740062
865:20877444
841:: 1–94.
816:18490999
683:22815589
621:18848901
587:Elsevier
558:17520016
510:PLOS ONE
439:spoilage
395:etiology
364:KOH test
290:in vitro
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1639:1415544
1613:1415544
1525:2620632
1392:bioRxiv
1373:3385023
1276:2846128
1204:1147614
1120:Mycoses
1092:3346424
1002:7486990
972:Bibcode
856:2945380
807:2104741
674:3390897
629:6003062
612:2677413
549:1866175
518:Bibcode
391:melanin
372:conidia
356:melanin
325:toluene
317:alcohol
313:sucrose
247:septate
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1626:128631
1597:NZOR:
1564:119529
1538:327954
1512:119529
1499:CLADSR
1486:300208
1406:
1371:
1363:
1327:
1283:
1273:
1225:
1202:
1195:187141
1192:
1148:
1140:
1099:
1089:
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1000:
993:167650
990:
943:
863:
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609:
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556:
546:
538:
389:(DHN)-
383:genome
368:chitin
311:, and
239:hyphae
193:fungus
188:Citrus
159:(1882)
1634:WoRMS
1590:92950
1546:IRMNG
1404:S2CID
1369:S2CID
1146:S2CID
941:S2CID
625:S2CID
585:(6).
408:is a
171:is a
157:Penz.
68:Fungi
1608:OBIS
1585:NCBI
1520:GBIF
1494:EPPO
1473:VQBM
1361:PMID
1325:PMID
1281:PMID
1223:ISBN
1200:PMID
1138:PMID
1097:PMID
1039:PMID
998:PMID
861:PMID
812:PMID
740:link
733:help
707:ISBN
679:PMID
617:PMID
599:ISSN
554:PMID
536:ISSN
319:and
237:The
1572:NBN
1481:EoL
1468:CoL
1396:doi
1353:doi
1349:346
1315:doi
1271:PMC
1263:doi
1190:PMC
1182:doi
1128:doi
1087:PMC
1079:doi
1029:doi
988:PMC
980:doi
931:doi
900:doi
851:PMC
843:doi
802:PMC
794:doi
669:PMC
661:doi
607:PMC
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526:doi
315:to
241:of
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