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fatherly responsibility over our youth." Brewer eventually gave his permission even though King had no real plan. The duo, however, started to run out of provisions before they even made it to Mount
Whitney so, they had to turn back. After reuniting back at camp, they discover that Brewer is suffering from an awful toothache, so King took him to Visalia to get it pulled. During this King got permission to attempt to climb Mount Whitney again but he had to rendezvous with the main group in two weeks at Clark's Station. King did not end up making it to the top on this expedition, which greatly disappointed him. On his way to the meeting point, King ran into some trouble with bandits but his new horse was able to outrun them saving his life. He made it to the rendezvous point on time, but the rest of the group ran into trouble and was three weeks late. Both Gardner and King were unpaid volunteers for this expedition, but they had helped create the first topographic, botanical, and geologic survey of a vast area.
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his father. Planning to walk the rest of the way by foot, Gardiner and King left Gold Hill near the end of August 1863. On
September 1, the two friends boarded a steamboat heading towards San Francisco. While on the steamboat King met Brewer and explained to him what happened to the letter which then led to them spending the evening trading stories with Brewer. King during this time expressed his willingness to work for the survey without pay because he liked Brewer and knew it would be a good experience. Little did King know at the time but joining the California Geological Survey was a good choice because it ended up being the first step in King's career.
420:. The trio's job was to survey the Mariposa Estate, a place that was one of the most important gold-vein regions in the area. During this job, King had a habit of staring at views as opposed to working like he was supposed to which irritated his fellow team members. Eventually, after his coworkers brought their concerns to him, he refocused on his assigned work for the rest of the job. King's next big job would be a scientific exploration into the southern Sierra mountains.
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and being the friendly person, he was known to be, he decided to entertain the Speers children while they traveled to St. Joseph, Missouri. The Speers, grateful for King's help with entertaining their children, invited King, Gardiner, and Hyde to join their wagon party. The three men would be provided food as long as they helped care for the livestock that the Speers were bringing.
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587:. King even considered joining the war efforts to fight for his beliefs. But by the time King was graduating, he decided to go back to his pacifist ways, and renounced his anger against the South. He decided that he would help the nation by exploring and mapping the West for his fellow Americans to later live.
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vividly explain natural things that he encountered in his adventures in an artistic manner, blending the two subjects together. King wanted people to admire the beauty of his findings of the land in the West. He didn't like when the mountains and plains were described as dull or bland. King respected
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In 1879, the US Congress consolidated the number of geological surveys exploring the
American West and created the United States Geological Survey. King was chosen as its first director. He took the position with the understanding that it would be temporary and he resigned after twenty months, having
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During the remaining years of his life, King withdrew from the scientific community and attempted to profit from his knowledge of mining geology, but the mining ventures he was involved in were not successful enough to support his expensive tastes in art collecting, travel and elegant living, and he
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area as a permanent public reserve, King and
Gardiner were appointed to make a boundary survey around the rim of Yosemite Valley. They returned to the East Coast by way of Nicaragua the following winter. King suffered from several bouts of malaria in the spring and summer of 1865 while Whitney, also
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while they were up there. King upon hearing what
Hoffmann and Brewer saw begged to be allowed to backpack up Mount Whitney with Cotter. In King's own words, "It was a trying moment for Brewer when we found him and volunteered to attempt a campaign for the top of California, because he felt a certain
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Clarence King was born on
January 6, 1842, the son of James Rivers King and Florence Little King. Clarence's father was part of a family firm engaged in trade with China, which kept him away from home a great deal, and he died in 1848, so Clarence was brought up primarily by his mother. By 1848, his
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They returned to San
Francisco in the spring. King returned to Yosemite in the summer of 1866 to make more field notes for Whitney. When King heard of the death of his stepfather, he and Gardiner resigned from the Whitney survey and once again sailed to New York. They had been developing a plan for
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That night the foundry caught on fire burning everything the three guys owned, including King's letter to
William Henry Brewer at the California Geologic Survey. As they helped rebuild the foundry King and Gardiner were able to save up enough supplies to continue on while Hyde decided to stay with
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As
Gardiner and King started to quickly plan for the journey, their final destination being San Francisco, another friend named William Hyde became interested and decided to join them. So, they all met in April 1863 at Niagara, New York, and boarded a train. On the train King met the Speers family
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below them, a place of refuge before they began to travel across the desert to the west of the lake. More than a month later, on August 6, the wagon train arrived at Carson City, Nevada which is when King, Gardiner, and Hyde decided to leave the wagon party to head towards Gold Hill a town nearby
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in northern
California, Brewer and King investigated hot springs and other thermal features. At nights around the campfire, geologic concerns such as the young Cascade volcanoes, the age of gold veins, and the action of glaciers was discussed. During one of these conversations, Brewer brought up
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and science. He couldn't ever decide if he was an artist or scientist, because he thought geology had both art and science involved with it. King seemed to embrace that the two were intertwined and learned about the art of science and the science of art. In his scientific reflections, he would
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as their main method of mapping the areas they traveled through. At one point they reached a spot where the animals could not continue so they made base at an unknown mountain lake. The next day Hoffmann and Brewer climbed the unknown peak nearby (now known as Mount Brewer) and soon they sadly
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Mountain range. While King is on this expedition, Gardner would stay in San Francisco. On this trip with Brewer and King was a mule packer named John Hoesch. As the group traveled, they passed through the Sierra gold fields, and at a creek named Genesee, Brewer found fossils of the Jurassic or
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His mother received an income from the King family business until it met with a series of problems and dissolved in 1857. After a few years of straitened circumstances, during part of which Clarence suffered from a serious depression, his mother married George S. Howland in July 1860 and had a
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in 1888. Throughout the marriage, King never revealed his true identity to Ada, pretending to be Todd, a black railroad worker, when at home, and continuing to work as King, a white geologist, when in the field. Their union produced five children, four of whom survived to adulthood. Their two
290:, a scientific expedition to the South Atlantic, South Pacific and the west coasts of South and North America. At Yale, King enjoyed many sports, as he was a skilled athlete, but rowing was his main passion. He joined the rowing team at the university, and eventually became its captain. The
615:, who had moved to New York City in the mid-1880s. As interracial marriage was strongly discouraged in the nineteenth century, and illegal in many places, King hid his identity from Copeland. Despite his blue eyes and fair complexion, King convinced Copeland that he was an African-American
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King, Clarence. 1872. Copy of official letter, addressed November 11th, 1872, to the Board of Directors of the San Francisco and New York Mining and Commercial Company, "... discovering the new diamond fields to be a fraud." San Francisco and New York Mining and Commercial Company. . pp.
427:. During the early stages of this journey, in Visalia, King was able to acquire a new horse, a decision that would later save his life. Leaving Visalia, the team ended up at what is the present site of Sequoia Lake, where they stayed for a week studying the Sequoia trees. The party used
579:. She would not eat fruits and other Southern grown products because they were grown with slave labor. Because of this, King was against slavery and African American injustice. While at Yale, he was known as an enthusiastic abolitionist and had lots of rage against the
333:, a close friend from high school and college (who spelled his last name Gardner at the time). They associated with a group of American artists, writers and architects who were admirers of Ruskin. In February 1863, King became one of the founders, along with
520:(1872). While King was finishing the Fortieth Parallel Survey, the western U.S. was abuzz with news of a secret diamond deposit. King and some of his crew tracked down the secret location in northwest Colorado and exposed it as a fraud, now known as the
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in the East, worked on securing funding for further survey projects. King, Gardiner, Whitney, and Whitney's wife sailed back to San Francisco in the fall, where Whitney lined up a survey project for King and Gardiner in the
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On May 1, 1863, with St. Joseph as their starting point the three men officially started to travel west. Five days later just past Troy, Kansas the party succeeded in hunting two buffalo, which was a welcomed treat. Near
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team competed on a four-man rowing boat, with King at the stroke oar. King later graduated with a Ph.B. in July 1862. That summer, he and several friends borrowed one of Yale's rowboats for a trip along the shores of
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366:, 200 miles into their journey, King tried hunting buffalo, but he did not succeed and ended up with a wounded leg and a dead horse. On May 29, the traveling party passed the very large 325-foot landmark called
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daughters married white men. Their two sons served, classified as black during World War I. King finally revealed his true identity to Copeland in a letter he wrote to her while on his deathbed in Arizona.
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Whitney's plan to propose a geologic study across the continent, and King thought that there may be a chance of funding this because as Whitney noted railroad companies would really benefit from it.
531:, numbered Volume 1 of the Report of the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel, although it appeared later than all but one of the other seven volumes. In this work he narrated the
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Clarence developed an early interest in outdoor exploration and natural history, which was encouraged by his mother and by Reverend Dr. Roswell Park, head of the Christ Church Hall school in
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an independent survey of the Great Basin region for some time and, in late 1866, King went to Washington to secure funding from Congress for such a survey. He was elected to the
318:, and soon wrote to Brush that he had "pretty much made up my mind to be a geologist if I can get work in that direction". He was also fascinated by descriptions of the Alps by
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As soon as he got back from this first expedition of his, King immediately began preparing to do another one. This time he was traveling with a mining engineer named
493:, commonly known as the Fortieth Parallel Survey, in 1867. He persuaded Gardiner to be his second in command and they assembled a team that included, among others,
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349:, and was elected its first secretary. But he was anxious to see the mountains of the American West, and his friend Gardiner was miserable in law school.
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King made a persuasive argument for how his research would help develop the West. He received federal funding and was named U.S. Geologist of the
250:, that Clarence attended until he was ten. He then attended schools in Boston and New Haven and, at age thirteen, was accepted to the prestigious
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Over the next six years, King and his team explored areas from eastern California to Wyoming. During that time he also published his famous
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in California, then believed to be the tallest mountain in the United States. King began to read more about geology, attended a lecture by
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Triassic age. This find would help them pinpoint the age of the Mother Lode gold belt, which was one of their goals on this journey. Near
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399:. In 1863, with the permission of Whitney, King was asked by Brewer to accompany him on his exploration of the northern part of the
543:. This book was well received at the time and has been called "one of the great scientific works of the late nineteenth century".
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discovered that they were not on the main Sierra Nevada Crest like they thought they were. Brewer and Hoffmann also named
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Boston : James R. Osgood and Company, 1872 (much of it previously published as articles in the Atlantic Monthly)
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Once Gardner and King arrived at the California Geological Society's office, they met the director of the survey
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At Yale, King specialized in "applied chemistry" and also studied physics and geology. One inspiring teacher was
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King spent his last thirteen years leading a double life. In 1887 or 1888, he met and fell in love with
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693:. New York: Published for the King Memorial Committee of the Century Association by G.P. Putnam's Sons.
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The Explorer King: Adventure, Science, and the Great Diamond Hoax – Clarence King in the Old West
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The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism
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Leaving in May 1864, the party consisted of Brewer, Hoffmann, Gardner, King and a man named
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King was known to be an avid thinker and daydreamer. Because of this, he had many views on
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254:. He was a good student and a versatile athlete, of short stature but unusually strong.
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two sisters, named Florence King and Grace King, had passed away early in their lives.
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King grew up in the North and his grandmother, Sophia Little, influenced his views on
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daughter with him named Marian Howland. Howland financed Clarence's enrollment in the
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went heavily into debt. He had a busy social life, with close friendships including
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In late 1862 or early 1863, King moved to New York City to share an apartment with
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Named for Clarence King, the first director of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1879–81
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and a series of Canadian rivers, then returned to New Haven for the fall regatta.
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overseen the organization of the new agency with an emphasis on mining geology.
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Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line
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Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line
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931:"On the Discovery of Actual Glaciers in the Mountains of the Pacific Slope,"
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2462:. Bethesda, Maryland, United States. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
2242:"A Clarence King Gallery – The First Director of the U.S. Geological Survey"
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In September 1864, upon the designation by President Abraham Lincoln of the
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King, one of four Americans on whom the author focuses, was influenced by
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481:, Utah. The exploration of the Survey of the Fortieth Parallel. Photo by
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Statistics of the Production of the Precious Metals in the United States
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Clarence King & His Friends: On Mountaineering in the American West
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1913:. New York: C. Scribner’s sons. pp. The Ascent of Mount Tyndall.
855:"Stratifying the West: Clarence King, Timothy O'Sullivan, and History"
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in what is now Wyoming. On June 29 the party crested the ridge of the
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2063:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 106–107.
524:. He became an international celebrity through exposing the hoax.
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In October 1862, on a visit to the home of his former professor,
2013:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 96–97.
1886:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 87–89.
1833:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 81–82.
1783:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 76–78.
1558:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 46–47.
1533:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 44–45.
1508:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 42–43.
1483:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 41–42.
1383:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 20–31.
1225:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 14–20.
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Facing facts: realism in American thought and culture, 1850–1920
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in northwest Nebraska and a few days after that they arrived at
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1075:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. pp. 6–8.
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Report of the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel.
591:
2293:"Clarence King (1842–1901): Pioneering Geologist of the West"
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2038:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 98.
1988:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 95.
1963:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 94.
1938:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 93.
1858:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 83.
1808:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 80.
1758:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 76.
1733:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 73.
1708:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 70.
1683:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 61.
1658:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 58.
1633:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 55.
1608:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 51.
1583:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 48.
1458:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 38.
1433:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 37.
1408:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 32.
1358:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 29.
1333:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 28.
1188:. Stanford, California: Stanford General Books. p. 26.
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Original drawings by L.F. Bjorklund. Extensive bibliography.
306:, King heard Brush read aloud a letter he had received from
2512:
Clarence King (1842–1901): Pioneering Geologist of the West
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Science and the Social Good: Nature, Culture, and Community
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The United States Mining Laws and Regulations Thereunder...
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The Three Lakes: Marian, Lall, Jan and How They Were Named.
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very much and thought it to be the key to science and art.
286:, a highly regarded geologist who had participated in the
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
2011:
King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
1308:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 42.
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
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King of the 40th Parallel: Discovery in the American West
755:(1988 revised ed.). University of New Mexico Press.
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Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni
2340:. New York City, New York: Penguin Group. p. 190.
2271:
U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior
611:, an African-American nursemaid and former slave from
214:(January 6, 1842 – December 24, 1901) was an American
583:. He aligned with the militant anti-slavery advocate
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from 1879 to 1881. Nominated by Republican President
1020:
United States Government Printing Office, 1903–1905.
928:
United States Government Printing Office, 1870–1878.
383:
because Hyde's dad owned a ranch and foundry there.
1877:
1875:
751:Wilkins, Thurman; Lawson Hinkley, Caroline (1988).
663:. The US Geological Survey Headquarters Library in
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Common law marriage and passing as African-American
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Fortieth Parallel Survey and diamond hoax discovery
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2244:. United States Geological Survey. Archived from
2129:(tenth ed.). New York: C. Scribner and sons.
993:. United States Government Printing Office, 1885.
987:. United States Government Printing Office, 1881.
2531:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
2520:Biographical memoir of Clarence King, 1842–1901
1179:
1177:
1175:
826:, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-5223-0
491:Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel
343:Association for the Advancement of Truth in Art
222:, and author. He was the first director of the
44:Director of the United States Geological Survey
667:, is also known as the Clarence King Library.
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1120:. Hartford Public High School. Archived from
691:Clarence King Memoirs. The Helmet of Mambrino
8:
2813:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
938:"Active Glaciers Within the United States,"
900:(Thesis). The George Washington University.
659:, California, are named in his honor, as is
230:, King was noted for his exploration of the
1287:Society for the Advancement of Truth in Art
1042:Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
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2603:
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707:. Stockton, CA: University of the Pacific.
701:King, of the Mountains. A Study of King's
29:
18:
2798:United States Geological Survey personnel
971:Address of Clarence King on Catastrophism
2506:USGS: The Four Great Surveys of the West
2456:"Geographic Names: King Peak, Australia"
2165:Clarence King's Fortieth Parallel Survey
720:. Western Writers Series. Vol. 48.
2634:Directors of the U.S. Geological Survey
2267:"Organizing the U.S. Geological Survey"
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457:and Arizona under U.S. Army auspices.
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1269:
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1208:
1134:
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1018:Report of the Public Lands Commission.
981:articles, 14 July 1877, pp. 16–17
2833:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2430:"You name it – there's a town for it"
2362:"The 'Strange' Tale of Clarence King"
7:
1145:
1143:
946:Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada.
933:American Journal of Science and Arts
684:Biographical Memoir of Clarence King
2216:10.17704/eshi.23.1.rx018782662jv071
2126:Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada
1910:Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada
635:King died on December 24, 1901, of
518:Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada
345:, an American group similar to the
2843:Writers from Newport, Rhode Island
288:United States Exploring Expedition
14:
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2552:
682:Emmons, Samuel Franklin (1903).
137:
2585:United States Geological Survey
2560:Works by or about Clarence King
2514:, Geological Society of America
2428:Van Atta, Dale (Jan 22, 1977).
2302:. Geological Society of America
1097:"Biography of Dr. Roswell Park"
942:, vol. 27, no. 161, March 1871.
224:United States Geological Survey
16:19th-century American geologist
2828:Tuberculosis deaths in Arizona
2793:Explorers of the United States
463:American Philosophical Society
1:
2387:Sandweiss, Martha A. (2009).
1000:, Volume 32, no. 1, May 1886.
830:Sandweiss, Martha A. (2009).
689:Hague, James D., ed. (1904).
341:and others, of the Ruskinian
966:vol. 11, no. 8, August 1877.
703:Mountaineering in the Sierra
535:of the West as a mixture of
278:Clarence King as a young man
2551:(public domain audiobooks)
2395:. New York: Penguin Press.
1005:American Journal of Science
838:. New York: Penguin Press.
260:Sheffield Scientific School
2859:
2783:American mountain climbers
996:"The Helmet of Mambrino,"
894:Green, Matthew J. (2018).
753:Clarence King: A Biography
655:and Clarence King Lake at
416:, and a topographer named
347:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
2754:
2640:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2192:"Clarence King's Geology"
955:, v. 7, no. 6, Apr. 1874.
824:King of the 40th Parallel
477:Clarence King; Camp near
205:
201:
197:
170:
145:
87:
49:
37:
28:
2059:Moore, James G. (2006).
2034:Moore, James G. (2006).
2009:Moore, James G. (2006).
1984:Moore, James G. (2006).
1959:Moore, James G. (2006).
1934:Moore, James G. (2006).
1882:Moore, James G. (2006).
1854:Moore, James G. (2006).
1829:Moore, James G. (2006).
1804:Moore, James G. (2006).
1779:Moore, James G. (2006).
1754:Moore, James G. (2006).
1729:Moore, James G. (2006).
1704:Moore, James G. (2006).
1679:Moore, James G. (2006).
1654:Moore, James G. (2006).
1629:Moore, James G. (2006).
1604:Moore, James G. (2006).
1579:Moore, James G. (2006).
1554:Moore, James G. (2006).
1529:Moore, James G. (2006).
1504:Moore, James G. (2006).
1479:Moore, James G. (2006).
1454:Moore, James G. (2006).
1429:Moore, James G. (2006).
1404:Moore, James G. (2006).
1379:Moore, James G. (2006).
1354:Moore, James G. (2006).
1329:Moore, James G. (2006).
1304:Herron, John P. (2010).
1221:Moore, James G. (2006).
1184:Moore, James G. (2006).
1071:Moore, James G. (2006).
1007:, vol. 45, January 1893.
1003:"The Age of the Earth,"
964:The American Naturalist,
527:In 1878, King published
310:telling of an ascent of
238:Early life and education
2838:Burials in Rhode Island
2484:"Clarence King Library"
2123:King, Clarence (1902).
1907:King, Clarence (1902).
1156:Oxford University Press
1099:. University of Buffalo
1038:"King, Clarence Rivers"
1010:"Shall Cuba Be Free?,"
798:Wilson, Robert (2006),
661:King Peak in Antarctica
622:The two entered into a
2545:Works by Clarence King
2536:Works by Clarence King
2525:Samuel Franklin Emmons
2368:. PBS. August 18, 2010
2196:Earth Sciences History
2162:Goetzmann, William H.
792:Alexander von Humboldt
726:Boise State University
495:Samuel Franklin Emmons
486:
279:
192:U.S. Geological Survey
2336:Sachs, Aaron (2006).
935:, vol. I, March 1871.
853:Weems, Jason (2015).
770:Sachs, Aaron (2006).
699:Shebl, James (1974).
507:Timothy H. O'Sullivan
483:Timothy H. O'Sullivan
476:
277:
110:Newport, Rhode Island
2788:American art critics
2669:Walter C. Mendenhall
2338:The Humboldt Current
2190:Aalto, K.R. (2004).
2104:search.amphilsoc.org
2100:"APS Member History"
998:The Century Magazine
940:The Atlantic Monthly
820:Moore, James Gregory
522:diamond hoax of 1872
331:James Terry Gardiner
308:William Henry Brewer
252:Hartford High School
248:Pomfret, Connecticut
212:Clarence Rivers King
2778:American geologists
2693:Vincent E. McKelvey
2572:Government offices
2208:2004ESHis..23....9A
2152:, pp. 237–253.
2089:, pp. 149–182.
1150:Shi, David (1996).
979:Scientific American
958:"Catastrophism and
653:Mount Clarence King
624:common law marriage
505:, the photographer
378:in Utah to see the
304:George Jarvis Brush
228:Rutherford B. Hayes
163:Exploration of the
2675:William E. Wrather
2657:Charles D. Walcott
2595:John Wesley Powell
953:Scribner's Monthly
619:named James Todd.
561:Henry Brooks Adams
555:as his successor.
553:John Wesley Powell
533:geological history
529:Systematic Geology
487:
280:
82:John Wesley Powell
2765:
2764:
2699:H. William Menard
2687:William T. Pecora
2601:
2600:
2592:Succeeded by
2540:Project Gutenberg
1272:, pp. 57–60.
1260:, pp. 53–54.
1248:, pp. 41–52.
1211:, pp. 35–38.
1165:978-0-19-510653-4
1137:, pp. 29–32.
1061:, pp. 26–27.
1014:, September 1895.
845:978-1-59420-200-1
813:978-0-7432-6025-1
762:978-0-8263-1085-9
735:978-0-88430-072-4
571:Beliefs and views
537:uniformitarianism
509:and guest artist
414:William Ashburner
376:Wasatch Mountains
335:John William Hill
284:James Dwight Dana
209:
208:
172:Scientific career
120:December 24, 1901
2850:
2760:
2759:
2717:Charles G. Groat
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2583:Director of the
2569:
2564:Internet Archive
2556:
2555:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2434:The Deseret News
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2231:
2229:
2227:
2218:. Archived from
2187:
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2178:
2177:
2168:. Archived from
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1125:
1118:"School History"
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1046:Encyclopedia.com
1034:
909:
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816:
805:
789:
777:
766:
747:
708:
676:Works about King
665:Reston, Virginia
641:Phoenix, Arizona
631:Death and legacy
585:Wendell Phillips
418:Charles Hoffmann
262:affiliated with
234:mountain range.
141:
127:Phoenix, Arizona
123:
106:
104:
92:Personal details
78:
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69:
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54:
33:
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2768:
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2757:
2752:
2749:(2022– present)
2747:David Applegate
2741:James F. Reilly
2735:Suzette Kimball
2711:Gordon P. Eaton
2681:Thomas B. Nolan
2663:George O. Smith
2636:
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2222:on 17 July 2014
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485:, October 1868.
471:
450:Yosemite Valley
393:
380:Great Salt Lake
355:
272:
240:
154:Yale University
150:Alma mater
125:
121:
108:
107:January 6, 1842
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2500:External links
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2460:geographic.org
2447:
2420:
2418:, p. 255.
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2379:
2366:American Lives
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1315:978-0195383546
1314:
1296:
1293:(1). May 1863.
1283:"The new path"
1274:
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549:James Garfield
511:Gilbert Munger
479:Salt Lake City
470:
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2436:. pp. W6
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977:in Geology",
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2803:1842 births
2743:(2018–2021)
2737:(2015–2017)
2731:(2010–2013)
2725:(2006–2009)
2719:(1998–2005)
2713:(1994–1997)
2707:(1981–1993)
2701:(1978–1981)
2695:(1971–1978)
2689:(1965–1971)
2683:(1956–1965)
2677:(1943–1956)
2671:(1930–1943)
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2659:(1894–1907)
2653:(1881–1894)
2647:(1879–1881)
2416:Wilson 2006
2202:(1): 9–31.
2150:Wilson 2006
2087:Wilson 2006
1270:Wilson 2006
1258:Wilson 2006
1246:Wilson 2006
1209:Wilson 2006
1135:Wilson 2006
1059:Wilson 2006
714:Wild, Peter
425:Dick Cotter
406:Lassen Peak
364:Fort Kearny
324:John Ruskin
220:mountaineer
2772:Categories
2589:1879–1881
2578:New office
2489:2011-05-18
2466:2015-02-15
2440:18 October
2300:Rock Stars
2252:2014-03-29
2176:2013-08-31
2109:2021-04-28
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2020:0804752222
1995:0804752222
1970:0804752222
1945:0804752222
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1103:2014-07-05
1082:0804752222
1025:References
906:2009405310
778:. Viking.
645:Kings Peak
103:1842-01-06
2823:Impostors
1012:The Forum
960:Evolution
887:147655555
879:1073-9300
465:in 1871.
266:in 1860.
216:geologist
134:Signature
52:In office
2549:LibriVox
902:ProQuest
822:(2006),
716:(1981).
657:Shastina
565:John Hay
42:1st
2562:at the
2306:16 July
2276:16 July
2226:16 July
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613:Georgia
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182:Geology
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112:, US
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