249:
Stephen then pointed out the list of their offences over the previous two years. Thomas: exclusive of the seven murders of which he was suspected, including that of
Constable O'Grady, 9 robberies of mails, 36 robberies of individuals including Chinamen, labourers, publicans, storekeepers, tradesmen and settlers, John's offences in one year numbered 26 and his possible implication in the unexplained murder of the four specials. On 13 March 1865, the Araluen Gold Escort was attacked by the gang on the Majors Creek Mountain Road, where two troopers were wounded. The four trooper escorts held off the attack and the gold was delivered to the Bank of New South Wales at Braidwood. Although this attack was carried out by Ben Hall, John Gilbert and John Dunn there was speculation in newspapers of the time that one of the Clarke brothers was the fourth member of the gang in this attack. However, it was mostly Daniel Ryan from Murruburrah and good friend of John Dunn. Ryan was later arrested as a suspect. The Araluen Escort Attack was dramatised in the 2016 film,
113:
282:'s campaign for educational reforms. In his electioneering speeches of 1867 he spoke of the Clarkes and the necessity of schools in the outback as a way of putting down bushranging. "The Clarkes and other executed bushrangers were in large measure the victims of circumstances. The eyes of the children of the bush opened upon wild, savage scenery. They grew up creatures of a warm, passionate nature, without knowledge and respect for the law of the land and without any bonds to bind them to the rest of society. We want the means of instructing the young so they shall form an honest and intelligent generation when we shall have passed away". Subsequently, an attempt was made in the Braidwood district to improve the opportunities for education.
179:
199:, where they were shackled to the prison tree. From there they were conveyed to Sydney. On 13 May, they appeared in court for their committal hearing, on wounding Wynne, prior to their capture by Wright, Walsh, Egan and Lenehan. The ÂŁ1,500 reward was distributed as follows: Wright ÂŁ300; Walsh ÂŁ130; Wynne ÂŁ120; constables Lenehan, Wright and Egan ÂŁ110 each; sergeant Byrne ÂŁ30; constables Ford, O'Loughlin, Armstrong, Brown and Woodlands ÂŁ15 each; and ÂŁ7 10s each to trackers Emmott and Thomas. ÂŁ500 went to a civilian informer (the highest reward offered until the ÂŁ2,000 for
121:
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265:. The rejection of a new trial by two to one led many to believe that the conviction of the Clarkes was not altogether satisfactory. A memorandum was sent to the Governor, Sir John Young and the Executive Council. In the end, neither the Governor nor the ministry decided to interfere with the sentence imposed on either of the Clarkes. They were visited by their two sisters, their brother Jack (brought in from Cockatoo Island Prison), and their uncle Mick Connell (in
22:
109:(cattle rustling) and raised them to believe in his view of the fair and equitable distribution of property. They constantly raided crops and livestock, aided by their uncles Pat and Tom Connell. Their gang, the Jerrabat Gully Rakers, were regarded as scientists in the art of cattle duffing and horse stealing. The Clarke gang of relatives and friends were well trained in bushcraft and heavily armed.
248:
The jury took 67 minutes to find both brothers guilty. Before passing sentence, Stephen pointed out that the
Clarkes were to be hanged, not as retribution, but because their deaths were necessary for the peace, good order, safety and welfare of society. Their fate was to serve as a warning to others.
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Sir Watkin Wynne (later
Sergeant Major Sir Watkin Wynne), followed information to Jinden Creek, and reached Berry's hut on Friday 26 April. The bushrangers and police engaged in a shoot-out that Saturday morning, during which John was shot in the right shoulder, and a plain clothes policeman received
174:
Their run of luck ended with the conviction at
Darlinghurst on 15 February 1867 of Tom Connell for the robbery and assault of John Emmott, when he stole 25 ounces of gold dust, two one-pound notes, some silver coins and a gold watch. The many other exploits of the "Blacksmith", including the death of
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In late March 1867, the drought broke with floods which swept away steam engines, huts and mountains of earth. The remains of Billy Scott believed to have been murdered by his own gang, were found on 9 April, thus reducing the gang to two men, Tom and John Clarke. During April a police patrol led by
56:
Active in the southern goldfields from 1865 until their capture, Thomas and John were joined for a time by their brother James and several associates. They were responsible for a reported 71 robberies and hold-ups, as well as the death of at least one policeman; they are also suspected of killing a
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was raided by the gang. After holding up some passers by at Guelph Creek — wounding one, John Emmott, by gunshot and beating up another — they attacked the store and tavern, taking 40 captives and robbing them. Constable Miles O'Grady was mortally wounded, when he and
Constable Smythe tried to
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squad of four policemen looking to bring them in. The
Clarkes also murdered one of their own gang members and a man they wrongly assumed was a police tracker, and shot several other victims. They were captured during a shoot-out in April 1867 and hanged two months later at
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at
Darlinghurst Jail on 25 June 1867, ending a reign of terror on the south coast of New South Wales which had cost the lives of at least eight men who were mainly police trying to capture the brothers. The Clarkes and other bushrangers may have had some influence in
68:
Some modern-day writers have described the
Clarkes as the most bloodthirsty bushrangers of all, and according to one journalist, "Their crimes were so shocking that they never made their way into bushranger folklore — people just wanted to forget about them."
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a gunshot graze. Wynne also received injuries during the fight. Senior
Constable Walsh called for the bushrangers to surrender, and eventually they agreed. The reward for Tom Clarke had by then been raised to ÂŁ1,000 and that for John to ÂŁ500.
164:. They robbed the store for supplies and held some inhabitants captive at the inn, while the gang became drunk, before setting their captives free and—after several hours more of carousing and brawling among themselves—leaving the village.
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in Sydney awaiting his trial as one of their harbourers under the "Felons’ Apprehension Act" for supplying food, gin and ammunition to the bushrangers in
October 1866 as evidenced by his brother's 20-year-old pregnant lover, Lucy Hurley).
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Constable Miles O'Grady were ignored, but his death sentence was on appeal remitted to life imprisonment. In February 1867, Long Jim "Jemmy the Warrigal", a second member of the gang, fractured his skull in an accident and died.
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171:. They had been tied to a tree and then shot. The Clarke brothers were implicated in the murders. A blood-soaked pound note was pinned to Carroll, the leader, as a warning to anyone else intent on pursuing them.
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Following the death sentences, an appeal was made on a point of law. Because of the small number of Supreme Court Justices, the court of appeal was made up of Sir Alfred Stephen the Chief Justice, and Justices
101:', where he was working and her parents were free immigrant servants—and took up a leasehold in the Jingeras, which proved too small to support his family of five children. He took to selling
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It was stated in evidence that "when Thomas Clarke fired, John Clarke fired immediately afterwards ... with the intent to kill and wound the constables...".
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and the coaches that traveled from Sydney and the Illawarra. Until November 1866, they marauded virtually unchecked in a triangle through the Jingeras from
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49:. They committed a series of high-profile crimes which led to the enacting of the Felons' Apprehension Act (1866), a law that introduced the concept of
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On 9 January 1867, a party of special constables—John Carroll, Patrick Kennagh, Eneas McDonnell and John Phegan—were ambushed and killed near
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After their surrender, the brothers shook hands with the police, and were arraigned in Braidwood before being taken by coach to the port of
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Contemporary sketch of Constables O'Grady and Smythe repulsing the Clarke gang at Nerrigundah, 9 April 1866. O'Grady has just shot Fletcher.
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The "Bushrangers Tree" in Nelligen, which is believed to be the tree the Clarke brothers were chained to after their capture
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in the colony and authorised citizens to kill bushrangers on sight. Thomas was proclaimed an outlaw on 31 May 1866.
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intervene. O'Grady shot dead William Fletcher, a new recruit to the gang, and the rest of the gang fled
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They plundered publicans, storekeepers, farmers and travellers. They ambushed gold shipments from
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The Clarke brothers apprehended in Braidwood Jail, May 1867. Thomas (right) is shot in the arm.
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The Clarkes' trial on 28 May 1867 lasted just a day. Chief Justice of New South Wales Sir
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392:"Re-enactment to look back at capture of Australia's deadliest bushrangers at Braidwood"
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John Clarke shakes hands with the police after he and his brother are apprehended.
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The Life and Adventures of John Vane, the Notorious Australian Bushranger
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363:"Proclamation: Thomas Clarke and Patrick Connell declared to be outlaws"
327:"Outlawry in Colonial Australia: The Felons Apprehension Acts 1865–1899"
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65:. Their execution ended organised gang bushranging in New South Wales.
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was known to be especially concerned about bushranging, in particular
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595:"Supreme Court: Queen v Thomas Clarke and another (Bushrangers)"
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Tom Clarke, 27, and his brother John, 21, were hanged from twin
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Capture of the bushrangers Thomas and John Clarke, NSW, c 1867
503:"Clarke's gang at Micalago – sticking-up of the township"
567:"Central criminal court: wounding with intent to murder"
105:(illegal alcohol), initiated his sons Tom and John into
693:"Clarke, John (1846–1867); Clarke, Thomas (1840–1867)"
653:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
97:. By then an ex-convict, he married Mary Connell—at '
475:"Desperate raid on Nerrigundah by armed bushrangers"
334:
Australian and New Zealand Law and History e-Journal
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1763:People executed by Australian colonies by hanging
533:The Clarke Gang: Outlawed, Outcast and Forgotten
651:Historic Canberra 1825–1945, a pictorial record
160:On 1 June 1866, the gang raided the village of
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8:
1342:Captain Starlight, or Gentleman of the Road
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559:
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701:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
290:Their lives were dramatised in the series
371:. No. 115. 5 June 1866. p. 1347
89:, arrived in the Braidwood district as a
37:(c. 1846 – 25 June 1867) were Australian
1743:People executed by Australia by hanging
1326:Bushranger's Ransom, or A Ride for Life
317:
77:The Clarkes' father Jack, a shoemaker
508:Queanbeyan Age and General Advertiser
7:
1758:19th-century executions by Australia
1358:Frank Gardiner, the King of the Road
1270:The Girl Who Joined the Bushrangers
85:in 1828 for seven years aboard the
1753:People executed by New South Wales
698:Australian Dictionary of Biography
368:New South Wales Government Gazette
234:and the brothers were defended by
14:
943:Frank McCallum (Captain Melville)
447:"The Murder of Constable O'Grady"
306:List of serial killers by country
1334:Captain Midnight, the Bush King
1238:Bushranging in North Queensland
187:Senior Constable Wright and an
1599:True History of the Kelly Gang
1542:True History of the Kelly Gang
703:Australian National University
1:
1768:Convict escapees in Australia
1398:The Shadow of Lightning Ridge
1310:A Tale of the Australian Bush
390:Brown, Bill (10 April 2017).
33:(c. 1840 – 25 June 1867) and
1778:Burials at Rookwood Cemetery
1583:Three Years with Thunderbolt
1257:(by Charles MacMahon) (1907)
1019:Frank Gardiner–Ben Hall gang
1246:The Story of the Kelly Gang
1794:
1748:Executed Australian people
623:"Execution of the Clarkes"
483:. 16 April 1866. p. 5
1773:1867 murders in Australia
1302:Attack on the Gold Escort
631:. 26 June 1867. p. 5
628:The Sydney Morning Herald
603:. 13 June 1867. p. 5
572:The Sydney Morning Herald
1414:When the Kellys Were Out
1406:The Gentleman Bushranger
1265:(by J and N Tait) (1907)
575:. 29 May 1867. p. 2
511:. 7 June 1866. p. 2
455:. 16 May 1866. p. 4
427:. 16 May 1866. p. 4
1526:The Outlaw Michael Howe
1220:Jim Jones at Botany Bay
953:St Kilda Road robberies
649:Fitzgerald, A. (1977).
530:Smith, Peter C (2015).
452:Illustrated Sydney News
424:Illustrated Sydney News
325:Eburn, Michael (2005).
293:Outlawry Under the Gums
73:Bushranging and murders
1534:The Legend of Ben Hall
251:The Legend of Ben Hall
216:
183:
144:, and up the coast to
125:
117:
26:
16:Australian bushrangers
1318:Ben Hall and His Gang
1213:The Wild Colonial Boy
1156:John Francis Peggotty
1044:James Alpin McPherson
676:"The Clarke Brothers"
536:. Rosenberg. p.
214:
181:
123:
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24:
1462:The Glenrowan Affair
1446:When the Kellys Rode
871:Dignum and Comerford
1470:Captain Thunderbolt
1089:Captain Thunderbolt
963:John "Rocky" Whelan
207:Trial and execution
152:. On 9 April 1866,
1677:Ballad for One Gun
1567:Robbery Under Arms
1502:Robbery Under Arms
1478:Robbery Under Arms
1390:Robbery Under Arms
1262:Robbery Under Arms
1254:Robbery Under Arms
639:– via Trove.
611:– via Trove.
583:– via Trove.
519:– via Trove.
491:– via Trove.
463:– via Trove.
435:– via Trove.
379:– via Trove.
343:on 14 October 2008
217:
189:Aboriginal tracker
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27:
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1560:Jerilderie Letter
1206:Streets of Forbes
1140:Captain Starlight
902:Lawrence Kavenagh
712:978-0-522-84459-7
229:Solicitor General
63:Darlinghurst Gaol
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912:William Westwood
840:Alexander Pearce
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1366:The Lady Outlaw
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1733:1840s births
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1602:(2001 novel)
1597:
1594:(1991 novel)
1591:Our Sunshine
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1578:(1905 novel)
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1570:(1882 novel)
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1236:
1215:" (ca. 1830)
1208:" (ca. 1865)
1074:John Peisley
1049:Moondyne Joe
1024:John Gilbert
988:
958:Owen Suffolk
928:John Francis
897:George Jones
861:Edward Davis
845:John Tennant
825:Jack Donahue
804:Michael Howe
732:. Retrieved
696:
684:the original
679:
650:
633:. Retrieved
626:
617:
605:. Retrieved
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570:
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366:
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345:. Retrieved
338:the original
333:
320:
291:
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255:
247:
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240:Joseph Leary
218:
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127:
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55:
45:district of
34:
30:
28:
18:
1738:1867 deaths
1728:Bushrangers
1645:(1942 play)
1637:(1905 play)
1634:Thunderbolt
1629:(1899 play)
1621:(1834 play)
1294:Thunderbolt
1103:1870s–1880s
1084:Harry Power
1034:John Kerney
892:Martin Cash
876:Ribbon Gang
788:John Caesar
774:Bushrangers
635:31 December
607:30 December
579:30 December
375:31 December
347:26 November
154:Nerrigundah
130:Nerrigundah
95:pastoralist
79:transported
39:bushrangers
35:John Clarke
1722:Categories
1661:Television
1553:Literature
1350:Dan Morgan
1198:Folk songs
1115:Steve Hart
1054:Dan Morgan
1039:Fred Lowry
1009:John Foley
600:The Empire
480:The Empire
312:References
1701:Wild Boys
1669:Ned Kelly
1650:Ned Kelly
1642:Ned Kelly
1575:Stingaree
1510:Ned Kelly
1486:Ned Kelly
1438:Stingaree
1125:Ned Kelly
1120:Dan Kelly
1110:Joe Byrne
1094:John Vane
1004:John Dunn
721:1833-7538
680:About NSW
515:23 August
487:22 August
459:22 August
431:22 August
201:Ned Kelly
162:Michelago
138:Braidwood
43:Braidwood
41:from the
29:Brothers
1685:Ben Hall
1374:Moondyne
1286:Moonlite
1029:Ben Hall
835:Musquito
729:70677943
403:12 March
397:ABC News
300:See also
296:(1933).
197:Nelligen
150:Nelligen
103:sly-grog
51:outlawry
1079:Sam Poo
979:Bluecap
275:gallows
134:Araluen
91:convict
1704:(2011)
1696:(1980)
1688:(1975)
1680:(1963)
1672:(1959)
1562:(1879)
1545:(2019)
1537:(2016)
1529:(2013)
1521:(2005)
1513:(2003)
1505:(1985)
1497:(1976)
1489:(1970)
1481:(1957)
1473:(1953)
1465:(1951)
1457:(1939)
1449:(1934)
1441:(1934)
1433:(1928)
1425:(1928)
1417:(1922)
1409:(1921)
1401:(1920)
1393:(1920)
1385:(1920)
1377:(1913)
1369:(1911)
1361:(1911)
1353:(1911)
1345:(1911)
1337:(1911)
1329:(1911)
1321:(1911)
1313:(1911)
1305:(1911)
1297:(1910)
1289:(1910)
1281:(1910)
1273:(1909)
1249:(1906)
1241:(1904)
734:9 July
727:
719:
709:
657:
544:
280:Parkes
146:Moruya
87:Morley
83:Sydney
59:Sydney
31:Thomas
1610:Stage
1165:1900s
1149:1890s
972:1860s
921:1850s
885:1840s
854:1830s
813:1820s
797:1810s
781:1700s
341:(PDF)
330:(PDF)
1230:Film
736:2011
725:OCLC
717:ISSN
707:ISBN
655:ISBN
637:2020
609:2020
581:2020
542:ISBN
517:2020
489:2020
461:2020
433:2020
405:2017
377:2020
349:2019
267:gaol
261:and
148:and
142:Bega
132:and
203:).
140:to
81:to
61:'s
1724::
723:.
715:.
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678:.
625:.
597:.
569:.
556:^
540:.
538:73
505:.
477:.
449:.
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332:.
253:.
242:.
1218:"
1211:"
1204:"
766:e
759:t
752:v
738:.
663:.
550:.
407:.
351:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
