1074:
774:
1006:
962:, to objects in the macroscopic and astronomical realm, can be well-described (understood) with classical mechanics. Beginning at the atomic level and lower, the laws of classical physics break down and generally do not provide a correct description of nature. Electromagnetic fields and forces can be described well by classical electrodynamics at length scales and field strengths large enough that quantum mechanical effects are negligible. Unlike quantum physics, classical physics is generally characterized by the principle of complete
20:
2195:
787:
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From the point of view of classical physics as being non-relativistic physics, the predictions of general and special relativity are significantly different from those of classical theories, particularly concerning the passage of time, the geometry of space, the motion of bodies in free fall, and the
1048:
and higher that appear. These formulas then reduce to the standard definitions of
Newtonian kinetic energy and momentum. This is as it should be, for special relativity must agree with Newtonian mechanics at low velocities. Computer modeling has to be as real as possible. Classical physics would
1057:
Computer modeling would use only the energy criteria to determine which theory to use: relativity or quantum theory, when attempting to describe the behavior of an object. A physicist would use a classical model to provide an approximation before more exacting models are applied and those
1053:
case. In order to produce reliable models of the world, one can not use classical physics. It is true that quantum theories consume time and computer resources, and the equations of classical physics could be resorted to in order to provide a quick solution, but such a solution would lack
993:. This is why we can usually ignore quantum mechanics when dealing with everyday objects and the classical description will suffice. However, one of the most vigorous ongoing fields of research in physics is
1061:
In a computer model, there is no need to use the speed of the object if classical physics is excluded. Low-energy objects would be handled by quantum theory and high-energy objects by relativity theory.
128:
152:
41:
As such, the definition of a classical theory depends on context. Classical physical concepts are often used when modern theories are unnecessarily complex for a particular situation. Most often,
1017:, while Newton (one of the fathers of the differential calculus) would take hours to solve the same equation by manual calculation, even if he were the discoverer of that particular equation.
997:. This field of research is concerned with the discovery of how the laws of quantum physics give rise to classical physics found at the limit of the large scales of the classical level.
1020:
Computer modeling is essential for quantum and relativistic physics. Classical physics is considered the limit of quantum mechanics for a large number of particles. On the other hand,
34:
theories that predate modern, more complete, or more widely applicable theories. If a currently accepted theory is considered to be modern, and its introduction represented a major
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propagation of light. Traditionally, light was reconciled with classical mechanics by assuming the existence of a stationary medium through which light propagated, the
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38:, then the previous theories, or new theories based on the older paradigm, will often be referred to as belonging to the area of "classical physics".
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866:, are those that do not use quantum mechanics. In the context of general and special relativity, classical theories are those that obey
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can be described by classical physics when it satisfies conditions such that the laws of classical physics are approximately valid.
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Wojciech H. Zurek, Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical, Reviews of Modern
Physics 2003, 75, 715 or
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Depending on point of view, among the branches of theory sometimes included in classical physics are variably:
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Today, a computer performs millions of arithmetic operations in seconds to solve a classical
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in general. Modern physics includes quantum theory and relativity, when applicable.
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1028:. For example, in many formulations from special relativity, a correction factor (
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Classical theory has at least two distinct meanings in physics. In the context of
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A computer model would use quantum theory and relativistic theory only.
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Computer modeling and manual calculation, modern and classic comparison
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Mathematically, classical physics equations are those in which the
1244:
Decoherence and the
Transition from Quantum to Classical—Revisited
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Barut, Asim O. (1980) . "Introduction to
Classical Mechanics".
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Electrodynamics and
Classical Theory of Fields & Particles
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In practice, physical objects ranging from those larger than
1229:, Decoherence and the transition from quantum to classical,
51:
refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of
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936:" is a slightly looser term that may refer to just
1190:. Robert W. Lawson. New York: Barnes & Noble.
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1133:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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23:The four major domains of modern physics
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1478:Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
974:, which was later shown not to exist.
501:Newton's law of universal gravitation
7:
2084:Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era
1129:Introduction to Classical Mechanics
932:In contrast to classical physics, "
482:Mechanics of planar particle motion
90:
1040:is the velocity of the object and
981:does not appear. According to the
45:refers to pre-1900 physics, while
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995:classical-quantum correspondence
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772:
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1599:Timeline of physics discoveries
839:of physics that do not use the
942:20th- and 21st-century physics
928:Comparison with modern physics
16:Physics as understood pre-1900
1:
1088:Glossary of classical physics
1049:introduce an error as in the
835:, classical theory refers to
408:Koopman–von Neumann mechanics
476:Non-inertial reference frame
2006:Cosmic microwave background
1563:Quantum information science
403:Appell's equation of motion
273:Inertial frame of reference
2241:
1394:Classical electromagnetism
864:classical electromagnetism
2189:
1113:Elementary Modern Physics
901:Classical electrodynamics
1500:Condensed matter physics
983:correspondence principle
856:classical field theories
566:Rotating reference frame
398:Hamilton–Jacobi equation
2141:Chandrasekhar–Eddington
2067:Golden age of cosmology
1999:On specific discoveries
1947:Lorentz transformations
883:Newton's laws of motion
507:Newton's laws of motion
367:Newton's laws of motion
2072:Medieval Islamic world
1815:Computational physics
1757:Variational principles
1684:Electrical engineering
1584:Nobel Prize in Physics
1446:Relativistic mechanics
1058:calculations proceed.
1026:relativistic mechanics
1010:
534:Simple harmonic motion
447:Euler's laws of motion
241:D'Alembert's principle
124:
24:
2225:Philosophy of physics
2062:Golden age of physics
2057:Copernican Revolution
1589:Philosophy of physics
1233:, 44, pp 36–44 (1991)
1125:Morin, David (2008).
1093:Semiclassical physics
1015:differential equation
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388:Hamiltonian mechanics
206:Statistical mechanics
125:
22:
2165:Relativity priority
2020:Subatomic particles
1980:Loop quantum gravity
1969:Quantum information
1918:Quantum field theory
1718:Gravitational theory
1548:Mathematical physics
611:Angular acceleration
603:Rotational frequency
383:Lagrangian mechanics
376:Analytical mechanics
132:Second law of motion
85:
2129:Scientific disputes
2115:Via Panisperna boys
2016:Gravitational waves
1963:Recent developments
1694:Maxwell's equations
1523:Atmospheric physics
1362:Classical mechanics
1290:branches of physics
1242:Wojciech H. Zurek:
1115:Preface p.iii, 1968
1111:Weidner and Sells,
987:Ehrenfest's theorem
972:luminiferous aether
905:Maxwell's equations
878:Classical mechanics
868:Galilean relativity
848:classical mechanics
463:Harmonic oscillator
441:Equations of motion
76:Classical mechanics
70:Part of a series on
2220:History of physics
2174:General relativity
2169:Special relativity
2110:Oxford Calculators
1937:Special relativity
1856:General relativity
1641:History of physics
1579:History of physics
1247:Los Alamos Science
1160:Dover Publications
1011:
922:nonlinear dynamics
860:general relativity
779:Physics portal
393:Routhian mechanics
268:Frame of reference
120:
25:
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2181:Transfermium Wars
2100:Harvard Computers
1925:Subatomic physics
1898:Quantum mechanics
1834:Superconductivity
1825:Condensed matter
1654:Classical physics
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1594:Physics education
1543:Materials science
1510:Interdisciplinary
1468:Quantum mechanics
1227:Wojciech H. Zurek
1036:) appears, where
1022:classic mechanics
846:, which includes
833:quantum mechanics
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576:Centrifugal force
571:Centripetal force
527:Euler's equations
512:Relative velocity
288:Moment of inertia
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53:quantum mechanics
43:classical physics
28:Classical physics
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2120:Women in physics
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1796:Perpetual motion
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1769:Spectroscopy
1711:Aerodynamics
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854:. Likewise,
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621: /
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615:displacement
613: /
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359:Formulations
346:Virtual work
286: /
226:Acceleration
219:Fundamentals
46:
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27:
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2029:Higgs boson
1421:Statistical
1337:Theoretical
1314:Engineering
964:determinism
893:Hamiltonian
757:von Neumann
424:Core topics
2214:Categories
2050:By periods
1868:Geophysics
1840:Cosmology
1538:Geophysics
1528:Biophysics
1372:Analytical
1325:Approaches
1188:Relativity
1099:References
916:Classical
910:Classical
895:formalisms
889:Lagrangian
887:Classical
858:, such as
852:relativity
692:d'Alembert
672:Maupertuis
635:Scientists
517:Rigid body
191:Kinematics
57:relativity
2093:By groups
2077:Astronomy
1913:Molecules
1747:Mechanics
1662:Astronomy
1488:Molecular
1389:Acoustics
1382:Continuum
1377:Celestial
1367:Newtonian
1354:Classical
1297:Divisions
1186:(2004) .
960:molecules
737:Liouville
619:frequency
539:Vibration
256:potential
181:Continuum
176:Celestial
153:Textbooks
2199:Category
2024:timeline
2011:Graphene
1973:timeline
1942:timeline
1930:timeline
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1844:timeline
1829:timeline
1819:timeline
1781:timeline
1752:timeline
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1723:timeline
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1679:timeline
1667:timeline
1645:timeline
1066:See also
844:paradigm
837:theories
792:Category
717:Hamilton
702:Lagrange
697:Clairaut
662:Horrocks
623:velocity
593:Pendulum
581:reactive
553:Rotation
522:dynamics
472:Inertial
458:Friction
341:Velocity
316:Momentum
196:Kinetics
186:Dynamics
164:Branches
148:Timeline
63:Overview
2034:Neutron
1891:Weapons
1876:Fission
1791:Entropy
1572:Related
1456:General
1451:Special
1309:Applied
752:Koopman
712:Poisson
707:Laplace
652:Huygens
647:Galileo
492: (
431:Damping
284:Inertia
278:Impulse
251:kinetic
201:Statics
171:Applied
143:History
32:physics
1881:Fusion
1786:Energy
1764:Optics
1483:Atomic
1438:Modern
1288:Major
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940:or to
790:
742:Appell
727:Cauchy
722:Jacobi
667:Halley
657:Newton
642:Kepler
494:linear
490:Motion
336:Torque
311:Moment
246:Energy
236:Couple
1952:tests
1908:Atoms
1886:Power
1861:tests
1212:arXiv
956:atoms
747:Gibbs
732:Routh
687:Euler
326:Speed
321:Space
263:Force
1409:Wave
1304:Pure
1192:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1135:ISBN
985:and
958:and
920:and
891:and
862:and
850:and
331:Time
294:Mass
55:and
1404:Ray
2216::
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115:t
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96:=
91:F
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