423:) for the live vaccine). Vaccination is only used where the virus is widespread in the domestic pig population and/or in wild or feral pigs. In the latter case, a slaughter policy alone is usually impracticable. Instead, countries within the EU have implemented hunting restrictions designed to limit the movement of infected boars, as well as using marker and emergency vaccines to inhibit the spread of infection. Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations.
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679:"Bioweapons, Biodiversity, and Ecocide: Potential Effects of Biological Weapons on Biological DiversityBioweapon disease outbreaks could cause the extinction of endangered wildlife species, the erosion of genetic diversity in domesticated plants and animals, the destruction of traditional human livelihoods, and the extirpation of indigenous cultures"
395:
born to infected but subclinical sows help maintain the disease within a population. Other signs can include lethargy, fever, immunosuppression, chronic diarrhoea, and secondary respiratory infections. The incubation period of CSF ranges from 2 to 14 days, but clinical signs may not be apparent until
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In the acute form of the disease, in all age groups, there is fever, huddling of sick animals, loss of appetite, dullness, weakness, conjunctivitis, constipation followed by diarrhoea, and an unsteady gait. Several days after the onset of clinical signs, the ears, abdomen and inner thighs may show a
634:
van
Regenmortel, M.H.V., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Carstens, E.B., Estes, M.K., Lemon, S.M., Maniloff, J., Mayo, M.A., McGeoch, D.J., Pringle, C.R. and Wickner, R.B. (2000). Virus taxonomy. Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego. 1162
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Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds) (1995). Virus
Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10,
387:
Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still causing abortions and stillbirths. In these cases, herds in high-risk areas are usually serologically tested on a thorough statistical basis.
396:
after 2 to 3 weeks. Preventive state regulations usually assume 21 days as the outside limit of the incubation period. Animals with an acute infection can survive 2 to 3 months before their eventual death.
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Histology of the brain shows vasculoendothelial proliferation and perivascular cuffing (cuffing is highly suggestive when accompanied by other signs, but is not pathognomonic for the disease).
310:
The disease is endemic in much of Asia, [Central and South
America, and parts of Europe and Africa. It was believed to have been eradicated in the United Kingdom by 1966 (according to the
376:
The effect of different CSFV strains varies widely, leading to a wide range of clinical signs. Highly virulent strains correlate with acute, obvious disease and high mortality, including
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311:
535:
test – detection of viral RNA in samples, especially useful to differentiate strains. Direct genetic typing for CSF was first developed by
Greiser-Wilke
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Eradicating CSF is problematic. Current programmes revolve around rapid detection, diagnosis, and slaughter. This may possibly be followed by emergency vaccination (
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1374:
1417:
1219:
826:
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976:
Moennig, V; Floegel-Niesmann, G; Greiser-Wilke, I (2003-01-01). "Clinical Signs and
Epidemiology of Classical Swine Fever: A Review of New Knowledge".
1196:
880:
Moennig, V.; Floegel-Niesmann, G.; Greiser-Wilke, I. (2003). "Clinical Signs and
Epidemiology of Classical Swine Fever: A Review of New Knowledge".
663:, The Center for Food Security and Public Health / The Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, College of Veterinary Medicine,
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A small fraction of the infected pigs may survive and are rendered immune. Artificial immunization procedures were first developed by
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Other regions believed free of CSF include
Australia, Belgium (1998), Canada (1962), Ireland, New Zealand, and Scandinavia.
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purple discoloration. Animals with acute disease die within 1–2 weeks. Severe cases of the disease appear very similar to
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The disease has acute and chronic forms, and can range from severe, with high mortality, to mild or even unapparent.
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declared that the United States was free of the disease. The appearance of CSF in Italy and Spain was traced by
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373:. CSFV is closely related to the ruminant pestiviruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea and border disease.
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286:. With low-virulence strains, the only expression may be poor reproductive performance and the birth of
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Blome, Sandra; Staubach, Christoph; Henke, Julia; Carlson, Jolene; Beer, Martin (2017-04-21).
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Arzt; et al. (2010). "Agricultural
Diseases on the Move Early in the Third Millennium".
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Fluorescent antibody test (FAT) – detection of viral protein using
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522:) – detection of host animal antibody response in serum samples.
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Pinpoint hemorrhages on the kidneys are characteristic of classical swine fever.
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Paton, D.J.; Greiser-Wilke, I. (2003). "Classical swine fever – an update".
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529: – detection of viral protein (antigen) in serum samples.
477: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
240:
1193:
at OIE. WAHID Interface – OIE World Animal Health
Information Database
1151:"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2022"
1210:, United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
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546:
Virus isolation – isolation of virus in cell culture.
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1 – including 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, the unassigned 1.x
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593:"Renaming four species and creating seven new species in the genus
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519:
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Center for Food
Security and Public Health: Classical Swine Fever
1214:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Classical Swine Fever
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10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0583:BBAEPE]2.0.CO;2
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Classical swine fever: how to spot and report the disease
757:"Agricultural Hall of Fame :: Hall of Fame Inductee"
733:"Marion Dorset: American Biochemist/Colleen Farrell 2002"
361:
CSFV (previously called hog cholera virus) of the genus
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Dudley, Joseph P.; Woodford, Michael H. (1 July 2002).
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European Commission Animal Health & Welfare on CSF
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Hog cholera ravaged countryside in 1913 – Pantagraph
1156:. World Organization for Animal Health. 28 June 2022
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290:with neurologic defects such as congenital tremor.
772:, Marion Dorset/National Agricultural Hall of Fame
312:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1191:Current status of Classical Swine Fever worldwide
31:"Swine Fever" redirects here. For the novel, see
1234:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
930:"Exotic animal diseases - Classical swine fever"
539:, 2000 to trace descendants of the 1997-1998 EU
438:3 – including 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
1179:CSF page of Pig Disease Information Centre (UK)
827:"PFOP: Hog cholera ravaged countryside in 1913"
601:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
591:Smith, Donald B.; et al. (31 May 2017).
8:
271:and usually (particularly in young animals)
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1236:United States National Agricultural Library
435:2 – including 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
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1216:, United States Department of Agriculture
1065:
1055:
1034:"Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review"
694:
656:
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518:Serum Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (
493:Learn how and when to remove this message
243:). It has been mentioned as a potential
201:Hog cholera (European swine fever) virus
1232:Species Profile – Classical Swine Fever
583:
567:2007 Central Luzon hog cholera outbreak
1199:, World Organisation for Animal Health
357:The infectious agent responsible is a
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
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413:) for the inactivated viral vaccine,
7:
475:adding citations to reliable sources
334:, 2000 traced these to shipments of
231:) is a highly contagious disease of
1418:Biological anti-agriculture weapons
949:"Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses"
25:
1222:(Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)
953:Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology
506:Standard diagnostic tests include
328:in a retroactive genetic analysis
451:
60:
513:fluorescent labelled antibodies
462:needs additional citations for
314:), but an outbreak occurred in
1095:Research in Veterinary Science
318:in 2000. On January 31, 1978
1:
1112:10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00076-6
990:10.1016/S1090-0233(02)00112-0
900:10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00112-0
551:Histopathological examination
825:Bill Kemp (April 17, 2016).
1297:Classical swine fever virus
947:Rumenapf and Thiel (2008).
614:Classical swine fever virus
191:Classical swine fever virus
18:Classical swine fever virus
1439:
955:. Caister Academic Press.
29:
225:based on the German word
187:
180:
55:
48:
796:10.1177/0300985809354350
667:, update September 2009.
38:Not to be confused with
1228:, Iowa State University
719:"Classical swine fever"
221:(also sometimes called
1197:Technical Disease card
978:The Veterinary Journal
883:The Veterinary Journal
354:
338:from the Netherlands.
227:
27:Viral disease of swine
1408:Animal viral diseases
835:Bloomington, Illinois
665:Iowa State University
661:Classical Swine Fever
352:
211:Classical swine fever
784:Veterinary Pathology
471:improve this article
57:Virus classification
936:on August 22, 2003.
284:African swine fever
255:Swine fever causes
33:Swine Fever (novel)
1184:2012-03-07 at the
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1248:Taxon identifiers
962:978-1-904455-22-6
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384:within the skin.
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196:Hog cholera virus
16:(Redirected from
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1423:Flaviviridae
1413:Pestiviruses
1327:Pestivirus C
1296:
1256:Pestivirus C
1255:
1158:. Retrieved
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984:(1): 11–20.
981:
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934:the original
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838:. Retrieved
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761:the original
751:
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604:. Retrieved
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469:Please help
464:verification
461:
398:
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378:neurological
375:
370:Flaviviridae
368:
362:
356:
340:
331:
324:Bob Bergland
309:
306:Epidemiology
297:
294:Immunization
280:
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261:skin lesions
254:
228:Schweinepest
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173:Pestivirus C
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148:Flaviviridae
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70:(unranked):
50:Pestivirus C
49:
42:(swine flu).
1321:Wikispecies
1160:10 November
1106:: 169–178.
840:February 9,
382:hemorrhages
316:East Anglia
269:infarctions
265:convulsions
219:hog cholera
1397:Categories
831:Pantagraph
767:2015-04-06
683:BioScience
595:Pestivirus
578:References
483:March 2022
380:signs and
364:Pestivirus
322:Secretary
267:, splenic
223:pig plague
160:Pestivirus
1271:Q51930344
1120:0034-5288
908:1090-0233
894:: 11–20.
705:0006-3568
606:21 August
541:epizootic
515:in tissue
443:Diagnosis
391:Infected
245:bioweapon
237:Old World
167:Species:
95:Kingdom:
88:Riboviria
1354:11459490
1306:Wikidata
1265:Wikidata
1182:Archived
1128:13129664
1104:Elsevier
1076:28430168
998:12618065
916:12618065
892:Elsevier
812:31753926
804:20080480
616:becomes
561:See also
525:Antigen
415:QI09AD04
405:QI09AA06
182:Synonyms
143:Family:
107:Phylum:
1312:Q683770
1067:5408692
1039:Viruses
533:RT-qPCR
427:Strains
417: (
407: (
403:codes:
393:piglets
336:piglets
288:piglets
155:Genus:
131:Order:
119:Class:
1341:541187
1126:
1118:
1074:
1064:
1050:: 86.
996:
959:
914:
906:
810:
802:
703:
537:et al.
401:ATCvet
332:et al.
1380:11096
1367:79633
1349:IRMNG
1285:776J8
1154:(PDF)
1102:(3).
1046:(4).
890:(1).
808:S2CID
743:(PDF)
736:(PDF)
527:ELISA
520:ELISA
359:virus
345:Virus
273:death
257:fever
233:swine
217:) or
81:Realm
74:Virus
1375:NCBI
1162:2022
1124:PMID
1116:ISSN
1072:PMID
1048:MDPI
994:PMID
957:ISBN
912:PMID
904:ISSN
842:2020
800:PMID
701:ISSN
608:2019
320:USDA
239:and
1362:ISC
1336:EoL
1280:CoL
1108:doi
1062:PMC
1052:doi
986:doi
982:165
896:doi
888:165
792:doi
691:doi
648:590
635:pp.
620:...
612:...
473:by
420:WHO
410:WHO
215:CSF
1399::
1377::
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