281:
218:, in response to a demand for timely full translations of foreign scientific texts, particularly in the fields of chemistry and mineralogy. Those engaged in this "collective enterprise" needed local and international connections to acquire the original printed works, and linguistic and scientific expertise to develop and validate the accuracy of their translations. In addition to the linguistic work of translation, they carried out laboratory experiments to replicate experimental instructions and confirm the results observed. Mineralogical observations about materiality, such as the color, odor and shape of crystals, were made to confirm the factual information given in the original text.
150:. Among the French chemists of the late eighteenth century she stands out for her extensive translations of scientific literature from Swedish, English, German and Italian to French. She translated three books and thousands of pages of scientific papers, which were published as well as circulated in manuscript form. She hosted renowned scientific and literary salons in Dijon and Paris, and was an active participant in the collection of meteorological data. She helped to establish Dijon and Paris as scientific centers, substantially contributing to the spread of scientific knowledge during a critical period in the
391:) and possibly Latin (Bergman). Although she most frequently translated works on chemistry and mineralogy, she did translate some meteorological works. These included "Observationes astron. annis 1781, 82, 83 institutæ in observatorio regio Havniensi" (1784), reporting the astronomical observations of the longitude of the Mars knot, made in December 1783 by Thomas Bugge. Picardet's translation was published as "Observations de la longitude du nœud de Mars faite en Décembre 1873, par M. Bugge" in the
432:
198:“Madame Picardet is as agreeable in conversation as she is learned in the closet; a very pleasing unaffected woman; she has translated Scheele from the German, and a part of Mr. Kirwan from the English; a treasure to M. de Morveau, for she is able and willing to converse with him on chymical subjects, and on any others that tend either to instruct or please.”
504:, particularly the knowledge of salts and minerals. Her activities supported the publication of specialized scientific journals and helped to establish the use of editorial features such as the date of first publication. The value of her work as a translator was recognized by scholars of her time both nationally and internationally.
328:(Treatise on the external characteristics of fossils) was eventually published in Dijon in 1790, 'par le traducteur des "MĂ©moires de chymie" de Scheele.' Because the original text was substantially expanded and annotated, Picardet's translation is often considered to have constituted a new edition of the work.
221:
The group at Dijon
Academy played a "pioneering role" in making the work of foreign scientists available in France. Some translations were published in books and journals. Others were circulated as manuscript copies within scientific and social circles. In addition, experiments were presented at
499:
It was due to the work of both
Claudine Picardet and her second husband Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau that Dijon was recognized internationally as a scientific center. As one of the two most prolific translators in chemistry during the 1780s, Madame Picardet increased the availability of chemical
407:
she carried out chemical experiments and mineralogical observations to confirm the content of the works they were translating. The "Translator's
Advertisement" for Werner's treatise on minerals clearly states that she was skilled in laboratory and cabinet observations. She even developed her own
210:
Picardet translated thousands of pages of scientific works, many of them by the leading scientists of the day, from multiple languages, for publication in French. Her work can be seen in the context of a shift in the nature of scientific translation, away from the work of "solitary translators".
222:
public lectures and demonstrations. Claudine
Picardet was the only non-academic among the group, the only woman, and more prolific than any of the half dozen men involved. She was the only translator in the group to work in five languages, and the only one to publish in journals besides the
277:. She became a prominent contributor to Mongez's journal, although her early publications identify her only as Mme. P or "Mme P*** de Dijon". By 1782, Guyton de Morveau's letters indicate that Claudine Picardet had translated works from English, Swedish, German, and Italian into French.
324:(On the External Characters of Fossils, or of Minerals; Germany, 1774) Werner's major work, it was the first modern textbook on descriptive mineralogy, developing a comprehensive color scheme for the description and classification of minerals. Picardet's translation,
350:(Dijon, 1780–1785), it has been generally credited to Guyton de Morveau. On the basis of letters between Guyton de Morvea and Bergman, Partington suggests that Picardet and others helped to translate Bergman's works without being credited.
490:
is believed to include both Mme. Lavoisier and Mme. Picardet. Mme. Lavoisier stands at the left of the group. The woman next to her is believed to be Mme. Picardet, holding a book emblematic of her work as a translator.
185:
After she became a widow in 1796, she moved to Paris. In 1798 she married Louis-Bernard Guyton de
Morveau, a close friend and scientific colleague of many years. Guyton de Morveau served as a deputy in the
486:(“Method of Chemical Nomenclature”), which they intended to be "a complete and definitive reform of names in inorganic chemistry". A painting of Lavoisier with the co-authors of
243:
Some later writers, beginning with a "strange obituary" by Claude-Nicolas
Amanton, have given Guyton de Morveau and others in the group credit for Picardet's work. Scholar
33:
194:
in Paris. She continued her translations and scientific work and hosted an elite scientific salon. During the reign of
Napoleon, she was styled Baroness Guyton-Morveau.
403:
Picardet had attended
Morveau's chemistry courses and had studied the minerals in the Dijon Academy's collection. With Guyton de Morveau and other members of the
1202:
786:
178:. This gave her a broad entrée to scientific, bourgeoisie and high society circles. She attended lectures and demonstrations and became active as a scientist,
1197:
240:
and others beginning in 1789. The rules of the editorial board stated, as of
January 1789, that translators were to be paid comparably to authors.
742:
Bret, Patrice (29 April 2015). "The letter, the dictionary and the laboratory: translating chemistry and mineralogy in eighteenth-century France".
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443:
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to the notice of scientists in France. Picardet was publicly identified as a translator, for the first time, in a review of the book by
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Picardet was also active in
Antoine Lavoisier’s network for gathering meteorological data. From as early as 1785, she took daily
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112:
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1207:
683:
Women in science : antiquity through the nineteenth century : a biographical dictionary with annotated bibliography
885:
967:
566:
182:, and translator. She published initially as "Mme P*** de Dijon". The couple had one son, who died in 1776, at age 19.
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with an instrument from the Dijon Academy. M. Picardet sent her results to Lavoisier and they were presented to the
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In both of these translations, contributions by other authors (such as annotations) are clearly identified.
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Women in chemistry : their changing roles from alchemical times to the mid-twentieth century
462:
in which simple substances received simple names indicative of their chemical structure, such as
388:
251:
and "metaphoric tale", contradicted by attributions in the published works and other evidence.
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Poullet was born in Dijon and died in Paris. She was the eldest daughter of a royal notary,
688:
338:
credits Picardet with the greater part of a French translation of the first two volumes of
299:, in two volumes (French, 1785). Mme. Picardet is credited with bringing Scheele's work on
471:
384:
478:. From 1786 to 1787, Guyton de Morveau, Antoine Lavoisier, Claude-Louis Berthollet, and
371:
Claudine Picardet translated scientific papers from Swedish (Scheele, Bergman), German (
202:
Little is known of her between her second husband's death in 1816, and her own in 1820.
475:
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Traité des caractères extérieurs des fossiles, traduit de l'allemand de M. A. G. Werner
601:
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terms in French, based on her direct observations of minerals, to capture Werner's
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Mme. Picardet is variously credited with inspiring and possibly helping to write
999:"Madame Lavoisier et la traduction française de l'Essay on phlogiston de Kirwan"
1151:
Imaging a career in science : the iconography of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
893:
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364:
248:
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975:
787:"Madame Picardet, traductrice scientifique ou cosmétique des Lumières ?"
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763:
470:. Compounds received names indicative of their constituent parts, such as
1014:
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As early as 1782, Guyton de Morveau had proposed a systematic approach to
291:
Picardet created the first published collection of the chemical essays of
463:
833:
135:
1129:. pp. Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau French chemist and educator
921:
Scientific Babel: How Science Was Done Before and After Global English
259:
By 1774, at the urging of Guyton de Morveau, Picardet was translating
214:
Guyton de Morveau headed a group of translators at Dijon Academy, the
467:
300:
1072:
Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles Lettres de Dijon
265:
Spatogenesia: the Origin and Nature of Spar; Its Qualities and Uses
629:
Arthur Young's Travels in France During the Years 1787, 1788, 1789
430:
279:
60:
170:, a barrister. Claude Picardet served as a councillor of the
924:. Chicago, Illinois: University Of Chicago Press. p. 19.
176:
Académie royale des sciences, arts, et belles-lettres de Dijon
1154:. Canton, MA: Science History Publications/USA. p. 100.
687:(Reprint. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p.
375:, Johann Friedrich Westrumb, Johann Carl Friedrich Meyer,
16:
French chemist, mineralogist, meteorologist and translator
648:. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. p. 23.
642:
Rayner-Canham, Marelene; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (1998).
1068:"Journal des observations du barometre de M. Lavoisier"
1041:. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. p.
627:
Young, Arthur (1909). Betham-Edwards, Matilda (ed.).
295:, translated from papers in Swedish and German, as
190:and was director and professor of chemistry of the
100:
92:
84:
68:
42:
23:
680:
348:Opuscules chymiques et physiques de M. T. Bergman
1035:Poirier, Jean-Pierre; Balinski, Rebecca (1998).
737:
735:
482:met almost daily, working intensively to write
196:
1038:Lavoisier : chemist, biologist, economist
816:Bolton, Henry Carrington Bolton (March 1902).
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346:(Latin, 1779–1790). Published under the title
322:Von den äusserlichen Kennzeichen der Fossilien
1098:The Critical Review, or, Annals of Literature
631:. London: George Bell and Sons. p. 4.66.
37:Portrait detail, believed to be Mme. Picardet
8:
606:Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
368:. She translated some of Kirwan's papers.
31:
20:
1094:"Nouveau Memoires de l'Academie de Dijon"
913:
911:
860:. London: Macmillan and Company. p.
674:
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438:(left), Claudine Picardet (with book),
134:) (7 August 1735 – 4 October 1820) was a
954:Torbern Bergman's Foreign Correspondence
880:
878:
822:Journal of the American Chemical Society
316:Picardet wrote the first translation of
577:
500:knowledge at a crucial time during the
886:"WERNER, Abraham Gottlob. (1749–1817)"
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593:
591:
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587:
585:
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297:MĂ©moires de chymie de M. C. W. Scheele
286:MĂ©moires de chymie de M. C. W. Scheele
232:was established by Guyton de Morveau,
7:
1203:18th-century French women scientists
968:"BERGMAN, Torbern Olof. (1735–1784)"
956:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiskel.
267:(English, 1772) for publication in
952:Carlid, G.; Nordström, J. (1965).
14:
334:Chemist and historian of science
679:Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey (1986).
488:MĂ©thode de nomenclature chimique
484:MĂ©thode de nomenclature chimique
1198:18th-century French translators
357:'s translation and critique of
113:Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau
857:Essays in historical chemistry
854:Thorpe, Thomas Edward (1894).
1:
1003:Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
756:10.1080/00033790.2015.1034780
405:Bureau de traduction de Dijon
216:Bureau de traduction de Dijon
166:. In 1755, Poullet married
164:François Poulet de Champlevey
1213:18th-century French chemists
567:Timeline of women in science
552:Resources in other libraries
528:Resources in other libraries
174:, and later a member of the
918:Gordin, Michael D. (2015).
344:Opuscula physica et chemica
1239:
284:Picardet's translation of
96:Claudine Guyton de Morveau
997:Kawashima, Keiko (2000).
608:. Charles Scribner's Sons
547:Resources in your library
523:Resources in your library
480:Antoine-François Fourcroy
30:
421:Royal Academy of Science
377:Martin Heinrich Klaproth
373:Johann Christian Wiegleb
1148:Beretta, Marco (2001).
1126:Encyclopædia Britannica
417:barometric observations
238:Claude Louis Berthollet
188:Council of five hundred
785:Bret, Patrice (2014).
600:Bret, Patrice (2008).
455:
318:Abraham Gottlob Werner
307:which appeared in the
288:
200:
1223:Scientists from Dijon
1218:French women chemists
1208:French meteorologists
1123:Crosland, Maurice P.
1066:Picardet, M. (1785).
1015:10.3406/rhs.2000.2083
460:chemical nomenclature
434:
283:
602:"Picardet, Claudine"
536:By Claudine Picardet
340:Torbern Olof Bergman
293:Carl Wilhelm Scheele
247:describes this as a
834:10.1021/ja02017a018
502:chemical revolution
393:Journal des savants
336:James R. Partington
310:Journal des savants
274:Journal de physique
192:École polytechnique
152:chemical revolution
978:on 18 October 2016
896:on 19 October 2016
456:
389:Marsilio Landriani
289:
744:Annals of Science
514:Claudine Picardet
509:Library resources
452:Guyton de Morveau
269:Jean-André Mongez
234:Antoine Lavoisier
230:Annales de chimie
225:Annales de chimie
132:Guyton de Morveau
124:Claudine Picardet
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472:sodium chloride
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399:Scientific work
385:William Fordyce
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172:Table de marbre
168:Claude Picardet
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146:and scientific
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1009:(2): 235–263.
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436:Mme. Lavoisier
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381:Richard Kirwan
359:Richard Kirwan
342:’s six-volume
313:in July 1786.
305:JĂ©rĂ´me Lalande
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74:(1820-10-04)
18:
1193:1820 deaths
1188:1735 births
1167:7 September
1133:7 September
1108:8 September
1104:: 552. 1788
1078:8 September
1020:7 September
982:7 September
972:The Library
937:7 September
900:7 September
890:The Library
867:7 September
839:7 September
818:"New Books"
801:7 September
704:7 September
661:7 September
612:7 September
206:Translation
85:Nationality
1182:Categories
828:(3): 280.
797:(DĂ©cembre)
573:References
440:Berthollet
423:in Paris.
410:neologisms
365:Phlogiston
249:misogynous
180:salonnière
148:translator
53:1735-08-07
1074:: 435–437
448:Lavoisier
363:Essay on
261:John Hill
158:Biography
130:, later
772:36158972
764:27391665
561:See also
464:hydrogen
444:Fourcroy
427:Portrait
395:(1787).
361:'s 1787
63:, France
454:(right)
228:. The
136:chemist
128:Poullet
101:Spouses
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511:about
495:Impact
468:oxygen
301:oxygen
126:(born
88:French
768:S2CID
79:Paris
61:Dijon
1169:2016
1156:ISBN
1135:2016
1110:2016
1080:2016
1047:ISBN
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984:2016
939:2016
926:ISBN
902:2016
869:2016
841:2016
826:XXIV
803:2016
760:PMID
706:2016
693:ISBN
663:2016
650:ISBN
614:2016
474:and
466:and
69:Died
43:Born
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1011:doi
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