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321:. By the first decade of the twentieth century, Claybury had become a major centre of psychiatric learning. It was internationally admired for its research, its pioneering work in introducing new forms of treatment and the high standard of care provided for the mentally ill. Armstrong-Jones was knighted in 1917 for his exceptional work at Claybury and his general service to psychiatry.
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of staff stealing from a patient in
Claybury). In the course of his illness he produced several pictures that depicted his mental state. Before leaving Claybury in 1938, the medical superintendent, Guy Barham, agreed to him painting a large mural covering three walls of the canteen. A photograph of
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Armstrong-Jones held progressive views on community care, advocating in 1906 that city hospitals should have out-patient departments where patients could seek help for mental symptoms without loss of liberty. Each asylum should be a centre for clinical instruction where all medical practitioners
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For some long-stay patients, thoroughly institutionalised, Claybury had been both home and local village for decades, in some cases for over 40 years. The challenge to manage their rehabilitation in a new environment, that they had never experienced and might well treat them with suspicion, was
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The three pronged attack of therapeutic community techniques, use of new drugs and minimal use of the physical treatments, led to a reduction of the patient population from 2,332 in 1950 to 1,537 in 1970. However, lack of community care resulted in the 'revolving door syndrome' with over half
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could refresh their understanding of insanity. People showing early signs of insanity should be free to seek advice and if necessary be admitted on a voluntary basis and not have to wait until they became certifiable. The first voluntary patients could not admitted until 1930 when the
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was appointed as an
Assistant Medical Officer in 1895, one of the first women to be employed as a doctor in an asylum. She became a pioneer of early treatment for the mentally ill and went on to found the Lady Chichester Hospital. In 1939 she became the first female president of the
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The site was situated on the brow of a hill and was surrounded by 50 acres (200,000 m) of ancient woodland and 95 acres (380,000 m) of open parkland, ponds, pasture and historic gardens. These had been designed in 1789 by the landscape architect
455:, proposed that hospitals should seek recruits from the West Indies and Pakistan. By 1968 there were 47 nationalities represented at Claybury with different ethnic, religious and linguistic backgrounds, all part of the therapeutic community diversity.
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identified the hospital as being "the most important asylum built in
England after 1875... the first asylum to successfully use the echelon plan, upon which all later asylums were based." The hospital block was designated as a Grade II
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in London, and finally, to
Claybury. He disliked his treatment at the first two, and satirised the Maudsley psychiatrists, but he enjoyed the humane therapy at Claybury (though there is a signed drawing by him in the
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Since the closure of the hospital, the site was redeveloped as housing and a gymnasium under the name Repton Park. The hospital block, tower, and chapel, which is now a swimming complex, were designated as a Grade II
446:
From the late 1940s it became increasingly difficult to recruit student nurses and other support staff from the UK. Many, with little
English, were recruited from Europe and given English language tuition. In 1962,
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who was a prolific, late-Victorian architect of mainly hospital buildings and asylums for the mentally insane. It was the first asylum to successfully use the echelon plan upon which all later asylums were based.
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The building of
Claybury Hospital was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887 and would eventually become the fifth Middlesex County Asylum. It was built to a design by the English architect
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immense. In 1988 the Health and Social
Services Research Unit at South Bank Polytechnic published a research paper detailing the post-discharge experience of a group of former long-stay Claybury patients.
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467:, closed in 1986. In 1983 the North East Thames Regional Health Authority (NETRHA) committed itself to a 10-year plan for the re-provision of care currently provided by
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The hospital chapel was converted into a swimming pool and health centre for the use of Repton Park residents. Former residents of Repton Park include singers
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The Chapel at
Claybury Asylum. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Company, possibly 1893, but virtually unchanged throughout its working life.
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From the mid-1950s
Claybury again attracted widespread attention as, led by consultants Denis Martin and John Pippard, it pioneered a controversial
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To mark its centenary in 1993, the Forest
Healthcare Trust published a comprehensive and well documented history of the hospital entitled,
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approach to an entire institution of over 2,700 people. In 1968, Martin described the development of Claybury's therapeutic community in
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Visions of a schizophrenic: the trunk of an ancient tree is consumed by fire, while a cross stands firm. Drawing byT. Hennell, ca. 1935
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argued for maximum retention of the historic buildings and restriction of new build to the existing footprint, in accordance with the
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965:'I hated it there, but I miss the people' : a study of what happened to a group of ex-long stay patients from Claybury Hospital
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144:
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and Claybury hospitals. The number of patients on Claybury's statuary books at the year end in 1980 was 1,057 and in 1990 was 429.
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as director for their new research laboratory at Claybury. Over the next 19 years he carried out vast research, documented in his
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363:). In Pryor's words: "The work of this 'lady doctor' formed part of the pale new dawn of community care for the mentally ill."
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Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: a dining room (?). Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]
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Enoch Powell had predicted in 1961 that all psychiatric hospitals would be closed within 15 years. In reality, the first,
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published between 1903 and 1922. He was knighted in 1919 and is particularly remembered for helping to establish that '
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In 1972 a collection of essays by staff members and edited by Elizabeth Shoenberg were published under the title,
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243:. Historic England identified the hospital as being "the most important asylum built in England after 1875".
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A social room at Claybury Asylum. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Company from 1893.
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Programme and the planned decline in patient numbers, the Claybury site faced a difficult future. The
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The asylum was renamed Claybury Mental Hospital in 1930 and simplified to Claybury Hospital in 1959.
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By 1896, the hospital had 2,500 patients. The first Medical Superintendent and directing genius was
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who was a prolific Victorian architect of hospital buildings. It was opened in 1893 making it the
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this painting was rediscovered circa 2015. He became an official war artist during World War II.
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1000:. Essex: The Mental Health Care Group, Forest Healthcare Trust. pp. iii–viii.
1101:"Singer VV Brown reveals her first home nightmare: 'My luxury flat was haunted'"
676:. Essex: The Mental Health Care Group, Forest Healthcare Trust. pp. 26, 27.
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351:
495:, written by Eric Pryor who had been a member of the nursing staff since 1948.
967:. London: Health & Social Services Research Unit, South Bank Polytechnic.
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pressed for extensive demolition and maximum new build, whereas the
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Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Redbridge
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568:. Properties have also attracted professional footballers from
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After the hospital was shut down in 1997 it was converted into
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In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created
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Adventure in psychiatry: Social change in a mental hospital
812:"Thomas Hennell's mural in Claybury Hospital canteen, 1939"
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in 1959, dramatically altered the treatment of the major
1157:"Well presented but in need of repair - just like Spurs"
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which opened it in 1893 as the Claybury Lunatic Asylum.
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in 1938. Sectioned and detained at St John's Hospital,
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A Hospital looks at itself : essays from Claybury
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235:. It was built to a design by the English architect
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709:Jones, Robert (1906) quoted in Pryor (1993) p. 71.
872:. Shoenberg, Elisabeth. London: Cassirer. 1972.
549:(working closely with English Heritage and the
263:34 nurses at the Claybury Asylum, possibly 1893
332:In 1895, the London County Council appointed
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412:in 1948. The introduction of new drugs, the
1073:"The London Church That's A Swimming Pool"
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1231:Health in the London Borough of Redbridge
1045:"Stable Block at Claybury Hall (1300546)"
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1216:Hospital buildings completed in 1893
338:Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry
1099:Stallwood, Oliver (3 August 2021).
522:. The hospital was closed in 1997.
1050:National Heritage List for England
746:Hennell, Thomas (1 January 1935),
651:National Heritage List for England
487:Claybury Asylum, ground floor plan
390:in 1935, he was then moved to the
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1015:"Claybury Asylum, Woodford Green"
370:A patient experience in the 1930s
443:admissions being re-admissions.
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50:
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1155:Scott, Matt (3 December 2004).
342:general paralysis of the insane
787:"A gift from the dead of 1945"
459:Developments in community care
361:Royal College of Psychiatrists
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1241:Hospitals established in 1893
998:Claybury, A Century of Caring
674:Claybury, A Century of Caring
646:"Claybury Hospital (1080979)"
493:Claybury, A Century of Caring
241:Fifth Middlesex County Asylum
29:Forest Healthcare (NHS) Trust
1071:Noble, Will (29 July 2016).
935:Shepherd (1997), pp. 222–226
773:"Thomas Hennell (1903-1945)"
408:Claybury became part of the
1226:Defunct hospitals in London
553:) and renamed Repton Park.
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1129:"Living: Trouble in Essex"
617:. Lost Hospitals of London
437:A Hospital Looks at Itself
416:in 1955 and 1956, and the
1189:Enoch Powell: A Biography
1187:Shepherd, Robert (1997).
944:Pryor (1993) pp. 162-166.
914:Pryor (1993) pp. 137-138.
854:Martin, Denis V. (1968).
90:, England, United Kingdom
66:Location within Redbridge
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844:Pryor (1993) pp. 135-140
835:Pryor (1993) pp. 127,128
520:Unitary Development Plan
508:Local Planning Authority
433:Adventure in Psychiatry.
996:Pryor, Eric H. (1993).
963:Nigel., Goldie (1988).
953:Pryor (1993) p. 211-213
727:Pryor (1993) pp. 67-70.
672:Pryor, Eric H. (1993).
410:National Health Service
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816:City of London Collage
736:Pryor (1993) pp. 70-72
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388:Stone, Buckinghamshire
319:Robert Armstrong-Jones
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551:London Wildlife Trust
500:Care in the Community
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418:anti-depressant drugs
312:London County Council
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586:Healthcare in London
374:The English artist,
327:Mental Treatment Act
225:psychiatric hospital
213:Hospitals in England
157:Psychiatric hospital
926:Pryor (1993) p.124.
718:Pryor (1993) p. 87.
615:"Claybury Hospital"
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18:Hospital in England
518:allocation in the
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453:Minister of Health
291:George Thomas Hine
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118:51.6031°N 0.0687°E
392:Maudsley Hospital
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564:and actress
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134:Organisation
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1191:. Pimlico.
1168:11 February
1140:11 February
1112:11 February
1084:11 February
858:. Cassirer.
562:Simon Webbe
537:Repton Park
352:Helen Boyle
306:Early years
284:The project
145:NHS England
140:Care system
121: /
96:Coordinates
1210:Categories
1025:6 December
974:1871695007
879:0851810047
592:References
516:Green Belt
106:51°36′11″N
1134:The Times
1078:Londonist
896:cite book
821:9 October
796:9 October
755:24 August
696:24 August
558:V V Brown
498:With the
422:psychoses
359:(now the
251:in 1990.
109:0°04′07″E
88:Redbridge
75:Geography
983:28508673
580:See also
465:Banstead
346:syphilis
163:Services
80:Location
1181:Sources
1056:26 June
888:2895162
657:26 June
570:Arsenal
479:Closure
451:, then
255:History
186: (
176:History
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621:26 May
469:Friern
233:London
223:was a
196:Closed
181:Opened
1106:Metro
574:Spurs
209:Lists
204:Links
171:2,500
1193:ISBN
1170:2023
1142:2023
1114:2023
1086:2023
1058:2017
1027:2011
979:OCLC
969:ISBN
902:link
884:OCLC
874:ISBN
823:2018
798:2018
757:2016
698:2016
659:2017
623:2018
572:and
560:and
510:and
397:Tate
199:1997
188:1893
184:1893
168:Beds
152:Type
545:by
504:NHS
231:,
227:in
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625:.
190:)
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