198:. After college, already fluent in Yiddish and English since childhood, Greenberg taught himself Italian and German in addition to French and Latin. Over the next few years, he traveled the U.S. working for his father's dry-goods business, but the work did not suit his inclinations, so he turned to working as a translator. Greenberg married in 1934, had a son the next year, and was divorced the year after that. In 1936, he took a series of jobs with the federal government, in the Civil Service Administration, the Veterans' Administration, and finally the Appraisers' Division of the Customs Service in 1937. It was then that Greenberg began to write seriously, and soon after began getting published in a handful of small magazines and literary journals.
481:(PAM) acquired the Clement Greenberg Collection of 159 paintings, prints, drawings, and sculpture by 59 important artists of the late-20th century and early-21st century. PAM exhibits the works primarily in the Jubitz Center for Modern and Contemporary Art; some sculpture resides outdoors. Most of the artists represented are American, along with several Canadians and a handful of artists of other nationalities. Artists represented in the collection include
281:. He believed modernism provided a critical commentary on experience. It was constantly changing to adapt to kitsch pseudo-culture, which was itself always developing. In the years after World War II, Greenberg pushed the position that the best avant-garde artists were emerging in America rather than Europe. Particularly, he championed Jackson Pollock as the greatest painter of his generation, commemorating the artist's
312:. It posited that there are inherent qualities specific to each artistic medium, and part of the modernist project involved creating artworks that are more and more committed to their particular medium. In the case of painting, the two-dimensional reality of the medium led to an increasing emphasis on flatness, in contrast with the illusion of depth commonly found in painting since the
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401:, whom he dubbed the kings of "Cultureburg". Wolfe argued that these three critics were dominating the world of art with their theories and that, unlike the world of literature in which anyone can buy a book, the art world was controlled by an insular circle of rich collectors, museums and critics with outsized influence.
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Kitsch, using for raw material the debased and academicized simulacra of genuine culture, welcomes and cultivates this insensibility. It is the source of its profits. Kitsch is mechanical and operates by formulas. Kitsch is vicarious experience and faked sensations. Kitsch changes according to style,
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Eventually, Greenberg was concerned that some abstract expressionism had been "reduced to a set of mannerisms" and increasingly looked to a new set of artists who abandoned such elements as subject matter, connection with the artist, and definite brush strokes. He suggested this process attained a
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art is a product of the
Enlightenment's revolution of critical thinking, and as such resists and recoils from the degradation of culture in both mainstream capitalist and communist society, while acknowledging the paradox that, at the same time, the artist, dependent on the market or the state,
229:. Kitsch, on the other hand, is the product of industrialization and the urbanization of the working class, a filler made for consumption by the working class: a populace hungry for culture, but without the resources and education to enjoy avant-garde culture. Greenberg writes:
354:. On the one hand he maintained that pop art partook of a trend toward "openness and clarity as against the turgidities of second generation Abstract Expressionism." But Greenberg claimed that pop art did not "really challenge taste on more than a superficial level".
182:, New York City, in 1909. His parents were middle-class Jewish immigrants, and he was the eldest of their three sons. Since childhood, Greenberg sketched compulsively, until becoming a young adult, when he began to focus on literature. He attended
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then water-based acrylic paints into unprimed canvas, exploring tactile and optical aspects of large, vivid fields of pure, open color. The line between these movements is tenuous, however, as artists such as
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452:, who explored relationships between tightly ruled shapes and edges—in Stella's case, between the shapes depicted on the surface and the literal shape of the support—and color-field painters such as
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but remains always the same. Kitsch is the epitome of all that is spurious in the life of our times. Kitsch pretends to demand nothing of its customers except their money—not even their time.
245:" to describe this low, concocted form of "culture", though its connotations have since been recast to a more affirmative acceptance of nostalgic materials of capitalist/communist culture.
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was a term given to myriad abstract art that reacted against gestural abstraction of second-generation abstract expressionists. Among the dominant trends in post-painterly abstraction are
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In
Greenberg's view, after World War II the United States had become the guardian of "advanced art". He praised similar movements abroad and, after the success of the
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Though his first published essays dealt mainly with literature and theatre, art still held a powerful attraction for
Greenberg, so in 1939, he made a sudden name as a
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For
Greenberg, avant-garde art was too "innocent" to be effectively used as propaganda or bent to a cause, while kitsch was ideal for stirring up false sentiment.
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Greenberg's widow, Janice van Horne, donated his annotated library of exhibition catalogues and publications on artists in
Greenberg's collection to the
369:" theories and socially engaged movements in art caused him to become a target for critics who labeled him, and the art he admired, "old-fashioned".
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used aspects of both movements in his art. Post-painterly abstraction is generally seen as continuing the modernist dialectic of self-criticism.
620:. Greenberg's annotated library is available at the Portland Art Museum's Crumpacker Family Library which is open to the public free of charge.
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Alice
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Greenberg wrote several seminal essays that defined his views on art history in the 20th century.
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in 1957 to see the group's work. He was particularly impressed by the potential of painters
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932:(Master of Arts Administration). College of Fine Arts, University of Sydney. pp. 60–61
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Eyesight Alone: Clement
Greenberg's Modernism and the Bureaucratization of the Senses
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Clement
Greenberg: A Critic's Collection by Bruce Guenther, Karen Wilkin (Editor) (
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The
Collected Essays and Criticism, Volume 3: Affirmations and Refusals, 1950–1956
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A Philosophical
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aesthetician. He is best remembered for his association with the art movement
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Davis, Douglas (June 9, 1975). "Crying Wolfe". Newsweek 88. In Shomette 1992.
150:) (January 16, 1909 – May 7, 1994), occasionally writing under the pseudonym
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Collected Essays and Criticism, by Clement Greenberg, edited by John O'Brian
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Clement Greenberg and American theory of contemporary art in the 1960s
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From Then to Now: Artist Run Initiatives in Sydney, New South Wales
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886:, New York: The New Press, 1999, pp. 158, 199, 255, 258, 275, 277.
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The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters
220:. In this Marxist-influenced essay, Greenberg claimed that true
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writer with possibly his most well-known and oft-quoted essay, "
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Clement Greenberg: The Collected Essays and Criticism. 4 vols.
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1017:– Author page that includes text of many works by Greenberg
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In December 1950, Greenberg joined the government funded
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765:, Issue on Art, Power, and Social Change, 33:2 (2006).
760:"Formalist Art Criticism and the Politics of Meaning."
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The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
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Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986 and 1993.
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American essayist and visual art critic (1909–1994)
735:Art Czar: The Rise and Fall of Clement Greenberg.
701:Homemade Esthetics: Observations on Art and Taste
1023:– Art Critic on The Art Story Foundation website
327:at New York's Riverside Gallery, he traveled to
851:Greenberg, Clement. "Avant-Garde and Kitsch."
416:level of "purity" (a word he only used within
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249:Art history, Abstract Expressionism and after
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2059:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
1778:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
797:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
316:and the invention of pictorial perspective.
308:Greenberg helped to articulate a concept of
372:In 1968, Greenberg delivered the inaugural
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350:Greenberg expressed mixed feelings about
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420:) that revealed the truthfulness of the
380:at the University of Sydney, Australia.
241:Greenberg appropriated the German word "
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279:American Committee for Cultural Freedom
262:as an editor. He became art critic for
2049:Art Students League of New York alumni
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715:. University of Chicago Press, 2005.
268:in 1942. He was associate editor of
186:, the Marquand School for Boys, and
1028:Clement Greenberg papers, 1928–1995
214:", first published in the journal
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628:Greenberg was portrayed by actor
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393:criticized Greenberg along with
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2089:Erasmus Hall High School alumni
737:Boston: MFA Publications, 2006.
2084:Journalists from New York City
730:University of Wisconsin, 1979.
728:Clement Greenberg: Art Critic.
436:, as he preferred to call it.
227:"by an umbilical cord of gold"
178:Clement Greenberg was born in
158:of the mid-20th century and a
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926:Griffiths, Amy (March 2012).
672:University of Minnesota Press
1908:Aestheticization of politics
897:"Post Painterly Abstraction"
821:"Autobiographical Statement"
473:Clement Greenberg Collection
378:Power Institute of Fine Arts
323:exhibition in 1956 with the
283:"all-over" gestural canvases
225:remains inexorably attached
2064:Jewish American journalists
940:– via All Conference.
868:, Commentary, December 1987
829:University of Chicago Press
819:Greenberg, Clement (1995).
374:John Power Memorial Lecture
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2094:20th-century American Jews
2054:Syracuse University alumni
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405:Post-painterly abstraction
256:In 1940, Greenberg joined
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981:"FindArticles.com - CBSi"
749:Clement Greenberg: A Life
733:Marquis, Alice Goldfarb.
325:American Abstract Artists
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1032:Getty Research Institute
305:" of the picture plane.
202:"Avant-Garde and Kitsch"
184:Erasmus Hall High School
80:Syracuse University (AB)
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1928:Evolutionary aesthetics
1878:The Aesthetic Dimension
878:Frances Stonor Saunders
705:Oxford University Press
428:to distinguish it from
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1808:Lectures on Aesthetics
430:abstract expressionism
274:from 1945 until 1957.
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212:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
164:abstract expressionism
92:Abstract expressionism
2003:Philosophy portal
747:Rubenfeld, Florence.
434:painterly abstraction
365:. His antagonism to "
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190:, graduating with an
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1948:Philosophy of design
1828:In Praise of Shadows
1818:The Critic as Artist
699:Greenberg, Clement.
684:(Editor), Portland:
662:Greenberg, Clement.
651:Greenberg, Clement.
638:, about the life of
487:Walter Darby Bannard
460:, who stained first
194:in 1930, cum laude,
102:color field painting
1958:Philosophy of music
1933:Mathematical beauty
710:Jones, Caroline A.
686:Portland Art Museum
680:by Bruce Guenther,
618:Portland Art Museum
531:Helen Frankenthaler
479:Portland Art Museum
454:Helen Frankenthaler
442:hard-edged painters
345:lyrical abstraction
188:Syracuse University
71:New York City, U.S.
55:New York City, U.S.
1953:Philosophy of film
1943:Patterns in nature
1913:Applied aesthetics
1888:Why Beauty Matters
1674:Life imitating art
1535:Art for art's sake
1013:2020-11-06 at the
855:. 6:5 (1939) 34–49
720:2020-10-31 at the
624:In popular culture
575:William Perehudoff
511:Richard Diebenkorn
363:Rosalind E. Krauss
310:medium specificity
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1963:Psychology of art
1838:Art as Experience
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488:
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477:In 2000, the
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399:Leo Steinberg
396:
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367:postmodernist
364:
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359:Michael Fried
355:
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343:painting and
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1679:Magnificence
1661:
1511:
1477:Schopenhauer
1346:
1312:Coomaraswamy
1230:Philosophers
1218:
1149:Aestheticism
988:. Retrieved
984:
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949:
934:. Retrieved
928:
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905:the original
900:
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682:Karen Wilkin
677:
670:, St. Paul:
663:
657:Beacon Press
652:
646:Bibliography
633:
627:
615:
555:Paul Jenkins
543:Hans Hofmann
507:Ronald Davis
499:Anthony Caro
476:
458:Morris Louis
450:Frank Stella
437:
433:
429:
425:
418:scare quotes
414:
384:
383:In his book
382:
371:
356:
349:
318:
307:
291:Hans Hofmann
276:
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112:
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66:(1994-05-07)
2029:1994 deaths
2024:1909 births
1772:(c. 335 BC)
1762:(c. 390 BC)
1741:Work of art
1694:Picturesque
1550:Avant-garde
1507:Winckelmann
1382:Kierkegaard
1307:Collingwood
1277:Baudrillard
1204:Romanticism
1174:Historicism
1108:Mathematics
827:. Chicago:
792:"Greenberg"
603:Anne Truitt
595:David Smith
583:Larry Poons
527:Paul Feeley
341:color field
314:Renaissance
222:avant-garde
64:May 7, 1994
2018:Categories
1711:Recreation
1689:Perception
1582:Creativity
1282:Baumgarten
1272:Baudelaire
1154:Classicism
1069:Aesthetics
936:23 January
838:0226306232
780:References
666:edited by
271:Commentary
265:The Nation
208:visual art
174:Early life
156:modern art
152:K. Hardesh
48:1909-01-16
1716:Reverence
1622:Eroticism
1592:Depiction
1565:Masculine
1467:Santayana
1427:Nietzsche
1372:Hutcheson
1362:Heidegger
1347:Greenberg
1302:Coleridge
1267:Balthasar
1252:Aristotle
1214:Theosophy
1209:Symbolism
1184:Modernism
1169:Formalism
688:, 2001. (
611:Larry Zox
591:Anne Ryan
495:Jack Bush
391:Tom Wolfe
337:Jack Bush
180:the Bronx
160:formalist
77:Education
1991:Category
1923:Axiology
1792:(c. 500)
1782:(c. 100)
1657:Judgment
1612:Emotions
1607:Elegance
1587:Cuteness
1560:Feminine
1523:Concepts
1492:Tanizaki
1472:Schiller
1457:Richards
1447:Rancière
1417:Maritain
1352:Hanslick
1292:Benjamin
1164:Feminism
1133:Theology
1113:Medieval
1103:Japanese
1098:Internet
1011:Archived
753:Scribner
718:Archived
444:such as
303:flatness
85:Movement
1986:Outline
1901:Related
1768:Poetics
1736:Tragedy
1726:Sublime
1699:Quality
1684:Mimesis
1642:Harmony
1627:Fashion
1602:Ecstasy
1597:Disgust
1513:more...
1482:Scruton
1407:Lyotard
1342:Goodman
1322:Deleuze
1257:Aquinas
1247:Alberti
1220:more...
1199:Realism
1179:Marxism
1159:Fascism
1142:Schools
1128:Science
1083:Ancient
990:8 April
911:8 April
755:, 1997.
707:, 1999.
674:, 2003.
635:Pollock
376:at the
352:pop art
329:Toronto
1892:(2009)
1882:(1977)
1872:(1946)
1862:(1939)
1852:(1935)
1842:(1934)
1832:(1933)
1822:(1891)
1812:(1835)
1802:(1757)
1669:Kitsch
1647:Humour
1577:Comedy
1555:Beauty
1497:Vasari
1487:Tagore
1462:Ruskin
1402:Lukács
1392:Langer
1337:Goethe
1262:Balázs
1242:Adorno
1123:Nature
1088:Africa
966:
835:
692:
659:, 1961
609:, and
422:canvas
297:, and
243:kitsch
1981:Index
1750:Works
1731:Taste
1721:Style
1502:Wilde
1442:Plato
1437:Pater
1397:Lipps
1357:Hegel
1327:Dewey
1317:Danto
1297:Burke
1118:Music
1093:India
1076:Areas
462:Magna
432:, or
1705:Rasa
1663:Kama
1637:Gaze
1572:Camp
1452:Rand
1387:Klee
1377:Kant
1367:Hume
1287:Bell
1030:The
992:2018
964:ISBN
938:2023
913:2018
833:ISBN
690:ISBN
456:and
448:and
397:and
361:and
335:and
192:A.B.
61:Died
38:Born
1632:Fun
1412:Man
1332:Fry
943:PDF
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