422:"Regrettably I have to confirm that for the first time since my Grandfather Clennell Wickham started writing People and Things in the 1940s, this article has been unilaterally suspended by the Newspaper that agreed to host it. Clearly, my perspective on this occasion is very different to that which I offered during the 1999 and 2003 elections. I am therefore grateful to BU and to BFP for carrying this review of the politics of inclusion which is yet to see the light of day".
312:"By hammering out a common language of the spirit we create a new kind of inter-colonial interest, and in accepting the fact that there lies about us material as artistic as any we know at only second or third hand, we emphasize West Indian consciousness. Indeed, this literary activity is only a reflection of a new activity in the social and political spheres."
440:"When my Grandfather returned to Barbados from Oxford in 1925 he was quickly marked as a man of argument – opposing for opposing’s sake as his critics might have said. There were his battles with Clennell Wickham and the Democratic League of Dr Charles Duncan O’Neal for which he was cast as a supporter of the
337:
Prior to the 1937 riots, the white planter and merchant were dominant in the
Barbados Houses of the Legislature. But political activity in the working class was beginning to grow, under leaders such as Wickham, Inniss, and O'Neale. As a result of this rioting the Labour leaders of the time - Grant,
187:
Lewis corresponded with
Wickham and found him influential, lucid and of penetrating prose - stating Wickham had in the 1920s exposed, among other things, the social failings of the Barbadian plantation economy. By the time Lewis got to know Wickham, the latter had already lost a libel case in 1930
214:
Social upheaval spread throughout the
British West Indies in the 1930s, taking the form of strikes and riots. Barbados was no exception, with the July Riots of 1937 that shocked the nation and led eventually to a wide range of political, social and labour reforms, as black middle-class Barbadians
324:
When writing in
January 1935, Wickham saw the need for mobilization of the workers as the basis for the democratic movement. A bill had been introduced every election campaign since August 1930 in the Assembly aimed at lowering the income qualification for a franchise but was thrown out by the
123:
in the first years of the 20th century as follows: "There is no sense of duty to the individual of the island as a whole. There is no sense of responsibility for broad and reasonable treatment. There is merely a sense of class." By the late 1920s, he developed a reputation for being one of the
147:
and requested him to take steps to ensure that the
Education Board exercised its powers under the Education Act to ban child labour. Appeals of this sort directed to the governor and to the Legislature were made at regular intervals over the next twelve years to little or no avail.
316:
Barbados in the 1920s and 1930s was that liberalism was not rooted there. Were there any
Liberals with whom Adams, at the time a stalwart supporter of the plantocracy Wickham opposed, could ally? Wickham demolished that idea in a devastating piece published in the Barbados
261:
may be the means of developing literary talent by providing opportunity" (October 1931). The magazine included short fiction, book reviews, and a sprinkling of poems in all its issues, along with its staples of political and social commentary. Its reviews of texts such as
348:
Barbara
Wickham, his surviving younger sister (1999), related how on his return to Barbados he had been asked to vacate a church pew reserved for whites. Clennell stormed from the church, never to return. Gilbert Grindle, Assistant Under-Secretary at the
303:
provided a medium through which its editor, Clennell
Wickham, poured trenchant criticism on the political behaviour of the local oligarchy and called attention to social ills that needed to be remedied." The journal's further definition of its mission in
416:
Since
November 2009, Clennell's grandchildren Fran Wickham and Peter W. Wickham (himself also a political journalist/commentator) now present the "Karin Dear’s Hall of Fame" award to deserving journalists at a ceremony held annually in Barbados.
308:, in the March 1932, recognized the potential of the synergies between literature and other publications of social discourse exploited chiefly by Clennell and Inniss, and O'Neale, with whom they had established the Democratic League in 1924:
159:
newspaper were a major catalyst for change. He had his finger more closely than most on the pulse of the people and had warned that "an inarticulate majority brooding over unrepressed wrongs and unventilated grievances is a serious menace".
115:
newspaper, edited by
Clement A. Inniss, in 1919 and wrote for universal adult suffrage in a column under the title "Audax" (the listener). Wickham became sole editor of the newspaper following Inniss's early death.
257:. It was not a true literary magazine since its focus was more ideological and political but the magazine considered the development of creative writing priority: "If we have any particular aspiration," he wrote, "
167:
and reinforced this system by allocating electoral worth only to those of a certain elevated social status. Clennell described the attitudes of the white assembly in the early 20eth century as follows:
223:. The unrest was documented in a temporary exhibition by the Barbados Museum in 1998. By the time the riots were quelled fourteen people had been killed, forty-seven wounded and hundreds arrested.
288:
floundered by 1932 after only six issues. In its brief tenure, the journal served as a new avenue for literary expression, promoting language as a tool of resistance and cultural redefinition.
172:"There is no sense of duty to the individuals of the island as a whole. There is no sense of responsibility for broad and reasonable treatment. There is merely a sense of class."
400:. Now an award in non-fiction prose, named after him, The John Wickham Scholarship, is presented each year to an individual who uses language to inspire, entertain and educate.
458:, Bridgetown, Barbados: Nation Publishers pp. 23 . (Descriptive: "Barbados. Pen and ink sketches and other essays of Barbadian politicians; published originally in the
444:. Then came his attacks on the same status quo, the plantocracy, in the House of Assembly in 1934 one consequence of which was the near ruin of his legal practice."
132:, Barbadian law in 1900 was in a sense an objective code of rules whose ethical validity transcended the interests and attitudes of several classes on the island.
755:
184:, from which he proceeded to read an article by Clennell and proffered nothing but praise for the man. Lewis boasted that he had all the copies of his magazine.
295:
envisaged its role as supplementing the work of other publications, such as the Herald newspaper edited by Wickham and Clement Inniss. Former Principal of
226:
During the 1930s to 1945 Wickham's contemporaries in the field of journalism and politics were O'Neal, Chrissie Brathwaite, Erskine Ward, Grantley Adams,
329:. Not until an identical bill was introduced in the House in 1936 was it successfully moved and seconded by Chrissie Brathwaite; still, it failed:
405:
216:
333:"Till the working class is organized to provide the guts for the democratic movement political and social conditions will be what they are."
542:
155:
finally brought the explosions that had been simmering for decades. Wickham was a prescient journalist whose writings in the Barbados
760:
711:"Tom Adams Memorial Lecture, March 11, 2010: The Value of Political Confrontation, Transparency and National Reputation in a Crisis"
375:
238:(1916–1999), and H. A. Vaughan and many of these same leaders contributed directly to the creation and development of the BCL, the
291:
In a manner that was revolutionary and unprecedented for the times, another short-lived journal published between 1931 and 1934,
745:
371:
296:
710:
180:'s (1905–1959) political thought, and he had a high regard for the man. Once Lewis took up a copy of Wickham's magazine
120:
104:
366:
326:
243:
750:
361:
227:
136:
56:
606:
Wade, Carl (2004). "A Forgotten Forum: the Forum Quarterly and the Development of West Indian Literature",
277:
697:
433:
339:
208:
75:(21 September 1895 – 6 October 1938) was a radical West Indian journalist, editor of Barbadian newspaper
239:
211:
and which resulted in the termination of his editorship of the newspaper and a change of its ownership.
40:
740:
735:
235:
144:
143:, comprising Wickham, John Beckles, J. A. Martineau and J. T. C. Ramsay, that called on the Barbados
96:
84:
273:
263:
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and suffered several years of frustration and great hardship. A Barbados special jury upheld the
129:
100:
688:
BIM - National Cultural Foundation, Symbols of Excellence, Barbados (2007), Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 5.
672:
382:
for several years, and served for many years as the editor for the literary quarterly magazine
647:
Britain and the United States in the Caribbean: A Comparative Study in Methods of Development
338:
Skeete, Lovell and Alleyne - were given heavy prison sentences for sedition, and one leader,
79:
and champion of black, working-class causes against the white planter oligarchy in colonial
350:
357:, wrote that "the black man has come to think and feel of himself as good as the white".
384:
729:
268:
231:
253:, known for his radical political views expressed primarily in his previous weekly
220:
177:
152:
125:
108:
441:
201:
197:
140:
436:
and grandson of Grantley Adams, in a lecture in March 2010 said of Clennell:
388:. His short stories have been widely anthologized. Among his collections are
584:. Barbados: Commonwealth Association of Museums' Triennial Conference, p. 2.
204:
164:
87:, leading to the social unrest that triggered the Riots of 26 July 1937.
80:
364:, followed in the footsteps of his father and became literary editor of
193:
379:
354:
677:
Double Passage: The Lives of Caribbean Migrants Abroad and Back Home
595:
Cricket Nurseries of Colonial Barbados: The Elite Schools, 1865-1966
610:. Vol. 50, No. 3, p. 63. Barbados: University of the West Indies.
500:
A History of Organized Labor in the English-Speaking West Indies
207:
W. D. Bayley against Clennell, who was represented by a young
487:
The Empowering Impulse: The Nationalist Tradition of Barbados
582:
Museums, Peace, Democracy and Governance in the 21st Century
192:
newspaper and effectively exiled him to neighbouring island
151:
During the 1930s economic and social conditions across the
597:. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies, p. 21.
128:
and brought into the open that, although patterned after
679:, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992, p. 129.
119:
In 1921, Wickham summarized attitudes of members of the
426:- writes journalist Peter W. Wickham (31 December 2007)
700:, Barbados Community College website, 15 October 2010.
485:
Howe, Glenford D., and Don D. Marshall (eds; 2001).
413:
in 1996 by the Barbados Association of Journalists.
345:Clennell Wickham died in Grenada in 1938, aged 43.
62:
46:
27:
20:
498:Alexander, Robert J., and Eldon M. Parker (2004).
272:(1931) were evidence of the linkages between the
163:Barbados had a restricted voting system based on
571:, London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 117–25.
467:Pen Portraits by a Gentleman with a Fountain Pen
8:
539:White Rebel: The Life and Times of TT Lewis
398:The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories
280:that would become even more pronounced in
251:The Outlook: A Monthly Magazine and Review
111:. After his return to Barbados, he joined
17:
660:Caribbean Studies - West Indians at War
478:
756:British West Indies Regiment soldiers
406:Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage
7:
649:, London: Faber & Faber. p. 157.
580:Roach, Penelope Hynam (5 May 1999).
543:University of the West Indies Press
513:Panama Money in Barbados 1900–1920
465:Wickham, Clennell Wilsden (1921).
454:Wickham, Clennell Wilsden (1995).
409:was unveiled at the association's
14:
662:, Vol. 36, No. 1, ISSN 0008-6533.
411:Clennell Wickham Memorial Lecture
376:World Meteorological Organization
502:. Westport, CT: Praeger, p. 251.
489:, Barbados: Canoe Press, p. 126.
462:in 1921. Edited by John Wickham)
215:began to organise themselves in
593:Sandiford, Keith A. P. (1998).
469:, Bridgetown, Barbados: Herald.
178:Atholl Edwin Seymour "TT" Lewis
511:Richardson, Bonham C. (2004).
1:
698:The John Wickham Scholarship
188:that separated him from the
105:British West Indies Regiment
432:Rawdon J. H. Adams, son of
249:Wickham founded and edited
121:Barbadian House of Assembly
777:
632:Howe and Marshall (2001).
619:Howe and Marshall (2001).
554:Howe and Marshall (2001).
524:Howe and Marshall (2001).
396:(1993). He also co-edited
673:"Chapter 7: John Wickham"
456:A Man with a Fountain Pen
374:. He had a career in the
761:20th-century journalists
645:Proudfoot, Mary (1954).
176:Wickham shaped a lot of
124:foremost critics of the
73:Clennell Wilsden Wickham
22:Clennell Wilsden Wickham
658:Smith, Richard (2008).
244:Barbados Workers' Union
634:The Empowering Impulse
621:The Empowering Impulse
556:The Empowering Impulse
526:The Empowering Impulse
372:newspapers in Barbados
340:Clement Osbourne Payne
299:, Keith Hunte wrote: "
746:Barbadian journalists
567:Hoyos, F. A. (1972).
541:. Kingston, Jamaica:
370:, one of the leading
278:West Indian awakening
240:Barbados Labour Party
137:Charles Duncan O'Neal
57:St. George's, Grenada
41:St. Michael, Barbados
569:Builders of Barbados
537:Lewis, Gary (1999).
378:, which took him to
306:The Literary Outlook
99:, Wickham served in
97:St Michael, Barbados
608:Caribbean Quarterly
327:Legislative Council
293:The Forum Quarterly
282:The Forum Quarterly
715:Living in Barbados
274:Harlem Renaissance
264:George S. Schuyler
139:(1879–1936) led a
130:British common law
321:of 25 July 1925.
284:. Unfortunately,
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69:
38:21 September 1895
768:
751:Male journalists
718:
717:, 12 March 2010.
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85:inter-war period
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351:Colonial Office
228:Wynter Crawford
200:brought by the
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219:parties and a
209:Grantley Adams
174:
173:
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54:(aged 43)
50:6 October 1938
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623:, pp. 170-71.
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269:Black No More
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236:Frank Walcott
234:(1913–1994),
233:
232:Hugh Springer
230:(1910–1993),
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449:Bibliography
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362:John Wickham
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221:labour union
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52:(1938-10-06)
15:
741:1938 deaths
736:1895 births
394:Discoveries
392:(1974) and
286:The Outlook
259:The Outlook
153:West Indies
126:plantocracy
109:World War I
83:during the
730:Categories
474:References
442:status quo
367:The Nation
301:The Herald
202:Bridgetown
198:libel suit
141:delegation
113:The Herald
77:The Herald
66:Journalist
63:Occupation
34:1895-09-21
636:, p. 144.
558:, p. 141.
528:, p. 136.
434:Tom Adams
360:His son,
217:political
165:franchise
101:Palestine
91:Biography
515:, p. 23.
276:and the
205:merchant
145:governor
95:Born in
81:Barbados
545:, p. 7.
194:Grenada
182:Outlook
103:in the
380:Europe
355:London
319:Herald
255:Herald
242:, and
190:Herald
157:Herald
675:, in
403:The
47:Died
28:Born
385:BIM
353:in
297:UWI
266:'s
107:of
732::
713:.
246:.
36:)
32:(
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