204:
131:". The standard also defines base operating standard for clearance which is larger than the kinematic envelope. This should be maximum outline of the normal rail operation and can only be infringed in special circumstances. The standard then adds another outline called maintenance intervention standard outline that larger than the base operating standard by defining a safety margin (contingency gap) from the kinematic envelope. When there is an infringement of this outline, a maintenance work is required to bring to clearance standard. This establishes the loading gauge. Finally, the standard includes structure outline or structure gauge, leaving a space between the loading gauge and structure gauge as clearance.
291:
these objects are expected to be near roadways. The horizontal clearance are to prevent overhung elements such as side mirrors of large vehicles driven at the extreme edge of the roads to hit such objects. It also allows opening curbside doors of parked vehicles. Minimum horizontal clearance in US standard is 1.5 feet (0.46 m). It is to be noted that horizontal clearance is not the same concept as
318:(5 ft 9 in). The second type is horizontal clearance next to the paths. This clearance is a distance from the edge of the biking paths to any vertical obstacles such as poles, fences, and tree branches to prevent pedal or handlebar from hitting such obstacles. The clearance values may depend on the heights and types of the obstacles. For example, in
159:
were up to 2,650 existing overpasses in 1967 that were not in compliance with the new standards. The decision was made to only raise those 350 overpasses that served up to 95% of major military installations. Other overpasses were left to be reconstructed to the new minimum vertical clearance at later times.
126:
outline (static gauge) as the starting point. This is a cross-sectional outline of a maximum size rolling stock when it is not running. The standard then defines maximum kinematic rolling stock outline for when rolling stocks are running to account for suspension and lateral motion on the track. This
298:
Some countries have specific horizontal clearances from the edge of the roads for specific types of objects next to the roads. For example, India has horizontal clearance of 10 metres (32 ft 10 in) for electrical and telecommunication poles, and 30 centimetres (12 in) for street light
219:
Bridge or tunnel strikes are collisions of vehicles with bridge or tunnel structures. These may involve over-height vehicles, or low vertical clearance bridges or tunnels. These accidents occur frequently and are a major issue worldwide. In United
Kingdom, railway bridge strikes happen on an average
162:
Australia defines minimum vertical clearance based on types of roads. The minimum vertical clearance is 5.4 metres (17 ft 9 in) for main roads and highways, and 4.6 metres (15 ft 1 in) for other local roads with road authority approval. For high and very high clearance roads, the
290:
In United States, the term "horizontal clearance" is used interchangeably with "lateral offset". This is the space from the edge of the roadway that is clear from vertical obstructions such as sign posts, utility poles, and fire hydrants. The horizontal clearance is used in urban environments where
317:
to prevent cars from entering bike paths. The horizontal clearance on the paths defines a minimum clearance of adjacent obstacles such as those bollards to allow clear flowing of bike traffic. Some
European countries have that specification between 1.6 metres (5 ft 3 in) and 1.75 metres
158:
later informed that the clearance was not sufficient for national defense purposes and wanted the vertical clearance to be raised to 17 feet (5.2 m). Eventually, the new standards were approved in 1960 to have the minimum vertical clearance of new structures to be 16 feet (4.9 m). There
306:(AASHTO) recommends having minimum curb-to-curb clearance for two-lane highways of 24 feet (7.3 m) and wall-to-wall clearance of 30 feet (9.1 m), while desired curb-to-curb clearance should be 39 feet (12 m), and wall-to-wall clearance should be 44 feet (13 m).
188:
United
Kingdoms has a standard on minimum clearance of a public highway at 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m). Any bridges that do not meet the clearance requirement are considered to be "low bridges" and they require to have signage to indicate the clearance.
220:
of once every four and half hours with total of 1789 times in 2019. Several bridges being hit over 20 times in a single year. The total cost borne by the state was around £23 million. In
Beijing, China, 20% of all bridge damages are caused by bridge strikes.
180:
In
Singapore, the minimum vertical clearance is 5.4 metres (17 ft 9 in). The clearance for overhead signs is 5.7 metres (18 ft 8 in) and the clearance for the soffit or underside of overpasses is 10 metres (32 ft 10 in).
339:. The most conservative clearance uses the water level at the mean highest high water (MHHW), the average value of the highest high tide of a measurement period. This is known as "clearance below", "vertical clearance" and "charted height"
342:
On other hand, the "overhead clearance" is a measurement from the top most part of a given vessel to the underside of the bridge. The "underkeel clearance" is the distance between the lowest part of a given vessel to the waterway bed.
184:
In South Africa and the southern region of Africa, the minimum vertical clearance of modern bridges is 5 metres (16 ft 5 in), although the legal height limit of road vehicles is still at 4.3 metres (14 ft 1 in).
322:, the horizontal clearance next to the paths for poles, lampposts and trees is 0.75 metres (2 ft 6 in), and for walls and fences is 1 metre (3 ft 3 in). The horizontal clearance from the edge of the path to the
299:
poles of roads with curbs. For roads without curbs, the clearance for that is 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) given that the minimum clearance from the center line of the roads is 5 metres (16 ft 5 in).
762:
326:
is based on curb heights. For curbs of heights up to 7 centimetres (2.8 in), the horizontal clearance is 0.25 metres (9.8 in), and for higher curbs, the clearance is 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in).
303:
169:
has a definition of "physical clearance" between roadway surface and the underside of bridge element. The code also defines the clearance that is shorter than the physical clearance to account for
526:
245:
near St
Petersburg, Russia, is known as the "Bridge of Stupidity" because it is often struck by vehicles despite many warning signs. In May 2018, after it was struck for the 150th time by a
302:
For roadways that require passing under some structures such as tunnels, there are standards on the entire width of the roads known as horizontal curb-to-curb and wall-to-wall clearances.
106:
and waterways, the clearance is typically specified as the width/height of a structure that the vehicle needs to pass instead of the difference between the vehicle and the structure.
582:
147:
253:
745:
346:
The other type of clearances for the bridges is "clearance above" the bridge floor. This is the vertical clearances for road traffic on the bridge.
796:
688:
313:, there are two types of horizontal clearances. The first type is the horizontal clearance of any obstacles on the paths. An example is the use of
203:
642:
476:
784:
916:
Mcinnes, K. L.; Walsh, K. J. E.; Hubbert, G. D.; Beer, T. (2003). "Impact of Sea-level Rise and Storm Surges on a
Coastal Community".
221:
166:
726:
256:
in Durham, North
Carolina, US, was frequently struck by vehicles, and made the news a number of times until it was raised in 2019.
947:
144:
In roadways, vertical clearance is the measurement from the ground or the road pavement to the bottom of overpasses or bridges.
846:"Standard for Vertical and Horizontal Clearances of Overhead Electric Power and Telecommunication Lines as Related to Roads"
978:
466:
668:
151:
386:
170:
174:
845:
983:
76:
867:
499:
177:
and expected settlements) with a recommendation of minimum clearance of 5 metres (16 ft 5 in).
360:
155:
773:
584:
Preventing of
Strikes on Bridge Over Highways - A Protocol for Highway Managers & Bridge Owners
555:"Abnormal loads super routes – a strategic investment for promoting South Africa's economic growth"
554:
336:
763:
Impact! New warning system on Guy St. underpass aims to reduce truck accidents, AMT train delays
259:
Infrared sensors, which trigger warning signs when a high vehicle approaches, were added to an
472:
335:
In waterways, "bridge span clearance" is a measurement from water surface to the underside of
128:
28:
925:
693:
622:
448:
365:
163:
values are between 5.9 metres (19 ft 4 in) and 6.5 metres (21 ft 4 in).
119:
40:
416:
611:"Understanding the Problem of Bridge and Tunnel Strikes Caused by Over-height Vehicles"
452:
823:
972:
198:
123:
115:
36:
417:"Right of Passage: The Controversy Over Vertical Clearance on the Interstate System"
646:
501:
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-7: General actions - Accidental actions
84:
44:
590:(2 ed.). Network Rail on behalf of Bridge Strike Prevention Group. p. 6
224:
estimated in 2013 that an average cost to repair a bridge strike is US$ 180,000.
627:
610:
17:
929:
875:(Technical report). National Highway Institute. December 2009. FHWA-NHI-10-034
292:
275:
264:
88:
80:
869:
Technical Manual for Design and
Construction of Road Tunnels — Civil Elements
249:
truck, a birthday cake was presented to the bridge. This made national news.
894:
673:
355:
310:
271:
260:
68:
708:
443:
Lin, Weiwei; Yoda, Teruhiko (2017). "Introduction of Bridge Engineering".
643:"Wise up size up: Don't try it for size – know your height before you go"
319:
279:
242:
212:
96:
60:
56:
314:
246:
208:
154:
which included minimum vertical clearance of 14 feet (4.3 m). The
103:
92:
52:
689:"150th Truck Gets Stuck Under St. Petersburg's 'Bridge of Stupidity'"
72:
64:
671:[Petersburgers Give "Bridge of Stupidity" a Birthday Cake].
826:. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
419:. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
304:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
202:
798:
Clear Zone, Lateral Offset & Horizontal Clearances Discussion
323:
48:
948:"NTSB: Incorrect estimate of crane height led to bridge strike"
748:[Canton and City Defuse the Frauenfelder Deppenfalle].
282:, which has a clearance of 3.75 m (12 ft 4 in).
553:
Nordengen, P. A.; Steynberg, R. J.; Sallie, I. (July 2002).
746:"Kanton und Stadt entschärfen die Frauenfelder Deppenfalle"
534:. Land Transport Authority. February 2010. p. DC/10/21
394:. Australian Rail Track Corporation Limited. pp. 4–6
528:
Civil Design Criteria for Road and Rail Transit Systems
669:"Петербуржцы подарили «мосту глупости» юбилейный торт"
55:
and the width/height of doors, the width/height of an
804:. Delaware Department of Transportation. 25 June 2013
114:
In railways, clearance is the difference between the
122:. A clearance standard is established using static
83:. In addition, there is the difference between the
252:Similarly, an 11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)
207:A truck damaged by striking a railway bridge in
148:American Association of State Highway Officials
727:"Unterführung wird jetzt deppensicher gemacht"
562:21st Annual South African Transport Conference
468:Guide to Road Design Part 3: Geometric Design
267:, Switzerland, only after several incidents.
8:
471:(2 ed.). Austroads. 2010. p. 167.
411:
409:
51:, or the difference between the size of any
941:
939:
626:
609:Nguyen, Bella; Brilakis, Ioannis (2016).
377:
79:or diameter of a tunnel in the case of
824:"Clear Zone and Horizontal Clearance"
438:
436:
434:
295:which is used in non-urban highways.
35:refers to the difference between the
7:
895:"Clearance and (lack of) obstacles"
667:Plavskaya, Yelena (May 27, 2018).
453:10.1016/B978-0-12-804432-2.00001-3
222:Texas Department of Transportation
25:
729:[Underpass is Deepened].
270:A similar situation exists at an
167:Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
615:Transportation Research Procedia
507:. The European Union. July 2006
946:Miller, Rich (23 March 2023).
1:
897:. Interreg North-West Europe
388:Code of Practice: Clearances
152:Interstate Highway standards
127:is also known as "kinematic
848:. The Indian Roads Congress
628:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.481
1000:
196:
193:Bridge and tunnel strikes
227:A 2.7 m (8 ft
930:10.1023/A:1026118417752
216:
361:Engineering tolerance
206:
156:Department of Defense
979:Engineering concepts
952:Professional Mariner
286:Horizontal clearance
150:(AASHO) established
750:St. Galler Tagblatt
744:Hilzinger, Stefan.
445:Bridge Engineering
217:
140:Vertical clearance
478:978-1-921551-90-1
75:, the width of a
29:civil engineering
16:(Redirected from
991:
963:
962:
960:
958:
943:
934:
933:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
891:
885:
884:
882:
880:
874:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
803:
793:
787:
782:
776:
774:IMPACT in action
771:
765:
760:
754:
753:
741:
735:
734:
723:
717:
716:
715:. 24 April 2019.
705:
699:
698:
694:The Moscow Times
685:
679:
678:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
639:
633:
632:
630:
606:
600:
599:
597:
595:
589:
579:
573:
572:
570:
568:
559:
550:
544:
543:
541:
539:
533:
523:
517:
516:
514:
512:
506:
496:
490:
489:
487:
485:
463:
457:
456:
440:
429:
428:
426:
424:
413:
404:
403:
401:
399:
393:
382:
366:Ground clearance
240:
239:
235:
232:
21:
999:
998:
994:
993:
992:
990:
989:
988:
969:
968:
967:
966:
956:
954:
945:
944:
937:
918:Natural Hazards
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
893:
892:
888:
878:
876:
872:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
801:
795:
794:
790:
783:
779:
772:
768:
761:
757:
743:
742:
738:
725:
724:
720:
707:
706:
702:
697:. May 28, 2018.
687:
686:
682:
666:
665:
661:
651:
649:
641:
640:
636:
608:
607:
603:
593:
591:
587:
581:
580:
576:
566:
564:
557:
552:
551:
547:
537:
535:
531:
525:
524:
520:
510:
508:
504:
498:
497:
493:
483:
481:
479:
465:
464:
460:
442:
441:
432:
422:
420:
415:
414:
407:
397:
395:
391:
384:
383:
379:
374:
352:
333:
288:
243:overpass bridge
241: in) high
237:
233:
230:
228:
201:
195:
142:
137:
120:structure gauge
112:
67:as well as the
43:in the case of
41:structure gauge
23:
22:
18:Clearance above
15:
12:
11:
5:
997:
995:
987:
986:
984:Approximations
981:
971:
970:
965:
964:
935:
924:(2): 187–207.
908:
886:
859:
837:
815:
788:
777:
766:
755:
736:
718:
700:
680:
659:
634:
601:
574:
545:
518:
491:
477:
458:
430:
405:
376:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
363:
358:
351:
348:
332:
329:
287:
284:
197:Main article:
194:
191:
141:
138:
136:
133:
111:
108:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
996:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
953:
949:
942:
940:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
912:
909:
896:
890:
887:
871:
870:
863:
860:
847:
841:
838:
825:
819:
816:
800:
799:
792:
789:
786:
785:Truck removed
781:
778:
775:
770:
767:
764:
759:
756:
751:
747:
740:
737:
732:
728:
722:
719:
714:
710:
709:"In the news"
704:
701:
696:
695:
690:
684:
681:
676:
675:
670:
663:
660:
648:
644:
638:
635:
629:
624:
621:: 3915–3924.
620:
616:
612:
605:
602:
586:
585:
578:
575:
563:
556:
549:
546:
530:
529:
522:
519:
503:
502:
495:
492:
480:
474:
470:
469:
462:
459:
454:
450:
446:
439:
437:
435:
431:
418:
412:
410:
406:
390:
389:
381:
378:
371:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
349:
347:
344:
340:
338:
330:
328:
325:
321:
316:
312:
307:
305:
300:
296:
294:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
257:
255:
250:
248:
244:
225:
223:
214:
210:
205:
200:
199:Bridge strike
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
134:
132:
130:
125:
124:rolling stock
121:
117:
116:loading gauge
109:
107:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:railroad cars
42:
38:
37:loading gauge
34:
30:
19:
955:. Retrieved
951:
921:
917:
911:
899:. Retrieved
889:
877:. Retrieved
868:
862:
850:. Retrieved
840:
828:. Retrieved
818:
806:. Retrieved
797:
791:
780:
769:
758:
749:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
692:
683:
672:
662:
650:. Retrieved
647:Network Rail
637:
618:
614:
604:
592:. Retrieved
583:
577:
565:. Retrieved
561:
548:
536:. Retrieved
527:
521:
509:. Retrieved
500:
494:
482:. Retrieved
467:
461:
444:
421:. Retrieved
396:. Retrieved
387:
380:
345:
341:
334:
308:
301:
297:
289:
269:
258:
251:
226:
218:
187:
183:
179:
165:
161:
146:
143:
113:
101:
32:
26:
957:4 September
901:3 September
852:3 September
713:11foot8.com
567:2 September
538:2 September
484:2 September
337:bridge span
973:Categories
731:20 Minuten
372:References
311:bike paths
293:clear zone
276:Guy Street
265:Frauenfeld
175:deflection
171:sag curves
89:stream bed
85:deep draft
81:watercraft
879:28 August
830:28 August
808:28 August
674:Izvestiya
652:31 August
594:29 August
511:31 August
423:27 August
398:27 August
356:Air draft
331:Waterways
272:underpass
261:underpass
173:, bridge
69:air draft
33:clearance
447:: 1–30.
350:See also
320:Flanders
315:bollards
280:Montreal
254:overpass
213:Cheshire
135:Roadways
129:envelope
118:and the
110:Railways
104:roadways
97:waterway
87:and the
71:under a
61:diameter
57:overpass
39:and the
247:GAZelle
236:⁄
215:in 2018
209:Saltney
93:sea bed
59:or the
53:vehicle
475:
73:bridge
65:tunnel
873:(PDF)
802:(PDF)
588:(PDF)
558:(PDF)
532:(PDF)
505:(PDF)
392:(PDF)
385:"7".
95:of a
63:of a
49:trams
959:2023
903:2023
881:2023
854:2023
832:2023
810:2023
654:2021
596:2023
569:2023
540:2023
513:2023
486:2023
473:ISBN
425:2023
400:2023
324:curb
309:For
102:For
77:lock
926:doi
623:doi
449:doi
278:in
274:on
263:in
211:in
91:or
47:or
27:In
975::
950:.
938:^
922:30
920:.
711:.
691:.
645:.
619:14
617:.
613:.
560:.
433:^
408:^
229:10
99:.
31:,
961:.
932:.
928::
905:.
883:.
856:.
834:.
812:.
752:.
733:.
677:.
656:.
631:.
625::
598:.
571:.
542:.
515:.
488:.
455:.
451::
427:.
402:.
238:4
234:1
231:+
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.