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emergency calls, with medics wearing increased personal protective equipment, including N95 respirators. Despite these measures, several EMS providers still contracted CoVID-19. Cleveland EMS providers were among the first local healthcare providers to receive the CoVID-19 vaccine once it became available in late 2020. They also helped distribute the vaccine to others by staffing vaccination clinics.
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In a bid to improve EMS, city officials decided to implement the long-proposed idea of merging its fire and EMS divisions, boldly announcing in
November 2011 that the merger would be complete by the end of 2012. As one of the initial steps, city officials ended the expensive and inefficient practice
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Attrition within CEMS accelerated greatly after a 2007 decision by
Commissioner Edward Eckart to switch CEMS workers from the 12-hour shifts they had worked since the early 1990s, to 8-hour shifts in order to save money on overtime. This move backfired, as 88 CEMS workers resigned within 2 years and
655:
Cleveland
Emergency Medical Services began carrying nasal-spray Narcan, the opioid antagonist drug that reverses an opioid overdose in 1985. In 2016, the division's ambulances began offering Project DAWN (Deaths Avoided with naloxone) Narcan kits to citizens. Narcan, a naloxone nasal spray, can be
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This new division of EMS, separate from the police and fire departments, immediately found itself very busy, answering over 60,000 calls annually by 1977. While considered a vast improvement over the previous system, it also found itself to be the center of controversy. A 1976 feature in
Cleveland
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During the 2020 global pandemic, Cleveland EMS saw its first decline in call volume in several years. This mirrored local and national trends, where people avoided healthcare facilities because of concerns they might contract the CoVID-19 virus. During this time, Cleveland EMS continued to answer
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Despite an increase in the late 1980s to 14 EMS units, during the early 1990s many of the same concerns persisted regarding CEMS, including deaths due to delayed responses, unreliable vehicles, low employee pay, high turnover, a large number of low-priority calls, and an overall high call volume
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instead chose to embrace the recommendations of an EMS/Fire task force and invested heavily in CEMS. RED center was upgraded with a new computer aided dispatching and call-prioritizing system in 1993, and by 1997 20 CEMS ambulances were in service reducing response times by 28%. This increased
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It is also worth noting, that on
November 5, 1993, CEMS came close to suffering its first line-of-duty death when paramedic Christopher Holt was struck by an automobile at the scene of a freeway accident. Through the incredible efforts of his CEMS colleagues and staff at
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in 2000, and St Alexis/St
Michael in 2003. Through union concessions and chronic understaffing, CEMS was spared from the budget cuts that affected the police and fire departments in 2003. The following year, 24 of the laid-off firefighters and police officers who had
663:
In 2022, Orlando
Wheeler was appointed Interim Commissioner of EMS replacing Nicole Carlton. Cleveland EMS also began receiving 15 new ambulance funded by ARPA monies. By September of 2023, Orlando Wheeler was appointed to the commissioner position permanently.
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Magazine illustrated several ways that Mayor Perk maximized the political gain from the new CEMS service just prior to the 1975 mayoral election. The same article also outlined problems within the CEMS leadership, a lack of continuing medical education, broken
66:
who staff a communications facility known as Radio
Emergency Dispatch (RED) center. Counting supervisors and administrative staff, the division is budgeted for 333 employees, with an annual budget of $ 30.6 million and annual revenues of $ 14 million.
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used by untrained individuals relatively simply. The kits were also available at EMS headquarters. Project DAWN is a community-based overdose education program that dispenses Narcan to combat Ohio's opioid overdose crisis.
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After the merger plan was abandoned, the city again decided to invest in CEMS to meet the demands of a rapidly increasing call volume. After the passage of an income tax levy in 2016, additional staff were hired and new
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from 12 in 1982, to 8 by 1985. Despite these budget challenges, Brown was able to implement a new in-house communications center, called Radio
Emergency Dispatch (RED) center, and upgraded two CEMS units to
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mostly run by funeral homes. The June 3, 1974, death of
Councilman Michael Zone exposed severe shortcomings in this existing system, as it took over 25 minutes for help to reach him after he suffered a
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Mike Tobin (12 November 2004). "Laid-off safety workers set to fill EMS vacancies Police, firefighters will fill positions by end of year under mayor's plan". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. B3.
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were purchased to increase the total number of units to 25 during the daytime and 21 at night by the beginning of 2018. During this time, local trauma care also improved, as
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Henry J Gomez; Gabriel Baird (29 March 2008). "EMS workers bolt for Memphis Cleveland staff shrinks because of schedule, salary". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. B1.
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at the time, “The major criticism of the EMS is that its personnel frequently treat victims on the scene instead of transporting them to the hospital immediately.”
17:
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Diane Solov; Olivera Perkins (13 May 1999). "St Luke's mum after emergency room stops taking severely injured patients". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 1C.
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during the daytime, and 21 during the night shift. In addition, they also provide special event medical standby service upon request. They are supported by
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also improved, as the city switched to from 8-hour shifts to 12-hour shifts. Additionally after a protracted battle between the city administration and
446:, to head CEMS in a move to improve the service. Things would get worse before they got better, however, with budget cuts dropping the number of CEMS
1132:
Robert K Vickers (19 December 1996). "Cleveland boosts emergency service EMS bases, hours, ambulances added". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 7B.
533:
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Mark Puente (11 January 2010). "Cleveland EMS changes call policy Agency puts brakes on non-emergencies". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. A1.
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As the new century dawned, the 21 ambulances of CEMS took on increased importance as the region saw the first of several hospital closings, with
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577:
516:, the main labor union for CEMS, safety equipment such as ballistic vests, helmets and protective coats were obtained for the first time.
472:. Public proposals to improve EMS very similar to those advocated during the mid 1980s again graced the pages of the local newspaper, the
484:
continued their campaign to take over EMS, and the same ambulance company manager who penned a 1984 op-ed again proposed letting private
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Christine J Jindra (4 January 1980). "Pittsburgher to head city's Emergency Medical Service". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 15A.
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Regina Mcenery (16 February 2000). "Mt Sinai closing hospital releasing patients, workers". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 1A.
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1398:"Cuyahoga Prosecutor says former Cleveland Fire Chief Paul Stubbs ignored payroll abuses; Mayor has remained steadfast in defense"
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Michael Ward (3 March 1978). "Too many of CEMS' 60,000 calls were not true emergencies". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. pp. 4–7.
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Steve Luttner (3 March 1985). "Cut in EMS fleet cost 100 lives last year, council told". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 13A.
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1570:"Potential ambulance reduction, changes to police inspector general, and other takeaways from Cleveland's public safety budget"
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SARAH TREFFINGER (19 December 2003). "St Michael hospital can't escape fate this time". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. B1.
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Mark Puente (29 December 2007). "Cleveland EMS employees win ruling over work shifts". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. B3.
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V. David Sartin (7 February 1985). "Ambulance radio link is off to a good start". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 23A.
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Cleveland EMS mobile unit 1 provides special event medical standby services on public square during the 2016 World Series.
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Benjamin Marrison (29 January 1994). "EMS wins grievance over safety equipment". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 2B.
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Benjamin Marrison (24 May 1992). "Stress, low pay prompt EMS workers to quit". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 14A.
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Catherine L Kissling (29 March 1993). "Call priorities a relatively new idea". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 5A.
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Donna J Miller (8 April 2007). "EMS workers to protest change in hours, pay". The Cleveland Plain dealer. p. B4.
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BENJAMIN MARRISON (19 March 1992). "Council sounds alarm over EMS tardiness". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 1A.
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Steve Luttner (24 November 1984). "Volunteer plan may assist Cleveland EMS". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 6A.
761:
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David F Stahley (3 December 1990). "Who should answer the ambulance call?". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 6B.
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David F Stahley (3 December 1984). "Don't rely on volunteers for city EMS". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 4B.
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456:
369:
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Christopher Quinn (4 July 1997). "Killings still on decline in Cleveland". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 3B.
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Percy Allen (15 June 1991). "New ambulances bring some aid to city's EMS". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 4B.
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Mark Russell (30 September 1999). "White wants to add four EMS vehicles". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 2B.
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75:
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Lilia j Mills (19 December 2003). "EMS-city talks were long but civil". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. A12.
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Wally Guenther (27 May 1988). "Officials take shots at EMS merger plan". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 6B.
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Diann Burns (6 November 1978). "City's curb on paramedics is questioned". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 1.
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status on February 1, 1985. Brown was later promoted to safety director, where he vetoed a 1988 proposal by the
400:, a poor driving record with 84 accidents with 2 years, understaffing, and most disturbingly, that CEMS lacked
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established the new City of Cleveland Division of Emergency Medical Service (CEMS) the following year with 120
1294:
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Michael O'Malley (16 July 1994). "Recovering medic returns to work". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 1B.
950:"Safety chief vetoes merger of EMS, Fire Department". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. 9 June 1988. p. 14E.
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overtime spending soared as the remaining personnel were forced to work extra mandatory shifts to provide
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Karen Mcnally (20 September 1992). "Some use EMS for basic care". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 6g.
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training were re-hired to work for CEMS to fill vacancies created as other employees left the division.
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at the Cleveland fire academy. Despite these steps, city officials abandoned the merger plan after the
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Joseph L Wagner (11 October 1975). "New Ambulance Run Monday". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 4A.
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to perform advanced skills or administer medications. Assistant Safety Director Tonia Grdina told the
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challenged the schedule change, and ultimately prevailed in court. 12-hour work shifts were resumed.
1346:"Cleveland takes first step toward integrating the Fire Department with Emergency Medical Services"
1063:"Councilman proposes volunteer EMS unit". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. 14 November 1990. p. 6B.
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Anthony E Missig (5 December 1990). "Merge for safety". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 8B.
864:
1372:"Cleveland.com Metro News Cleveland's goal is to merge EMS and fire divisions by year's end"
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and helped fill the void left by the sudden closure of Huron Road hospital 5 years earlier.
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affiliate, is the primary labor union for Cleveland EMS paramedics, EMTs, and dispatchers.
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1589:"Cleveland EMS looks to boost staffing by upping entry wages for experienced paramedics"
1096:"EMS: Don't bet your life on it". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. 26 April 1992. p. 2C.
1450:"University Hospitals to join MetroHealth, Cleveland Clinic in regional trauma network"
39:
1008:"Cleveland's $ 8 million taxi". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. 16 March 1992. p. 4C.
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caused by the housing crisis. By 2010, despite no change in call volume, only 15 CEMS
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524:, Holt not only survived critical injuries, but returned to work the following year.
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who would otherwise have been perished. During the 1990s working conditions for CEMS
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Cleveland EMS' Headquarters is located at 1701 Lakeside Ave, Cleveland Ohio, 44114.
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administration closed Huron Road Hospital in 2011, leaving the entire east side of
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Despite the move back to 12-hour shifts, CEMS continued to face cutbacks, as the
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1424:"More ambulances coming to Cleveland in effort to cut down response times"
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investment in CEMS was credited with helping Cleveland realize its lowest
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1513:"Patients Avoiding Local Emergency Rooms to Steer Clear of COVID-19"
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28:, is the division of the municipal government tasked with emergency
1476:"Cuyahoga County and Cleveland are Stepping Up Narcan Distribution"
612:. The city then used the money saved to open three additional CEMS
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answering their first emergency calls on Monday, October 13, 1975.
1551:"Paramedic of Frontlines of Coronavirus Pandemic: Get the Vaccine"
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City of Cleveland Division of Emergency Medical Services homepage
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City of Cleveland Division of Emergency Medical Services homepage
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for a total of 18 CEMS units. The city also cross-trained 6 CEMS
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remained in service. Further strain was added to CEMS when the
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Cleveland EMS is assisted in providing prehospital care by the
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1532:"Could EMS Crew Coming to You Have COVID-19 and Not Know It?"
1295:"Cleveland moves to merge Fire Department, ambulance service"
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transportation in Cleveland was provided by a combination of
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Due in part to the public outcry after Zone's death, Mayor
1269:"Trauma transport time rises after Huron Hospital closing"
476:. Councilman Ken Johnson proposed forming a volunteer EMS
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refused to allow those CEMS personnel who had trained as
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rate in decades, with CEMS crews saving many victims of
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Cleveland Association of Rescue Employees 1975 Homepage
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units and had no definite timetable to implement them.
1494:"Cleveland EMS Providers to Distribute Overdose Kits"
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the Cleveland Association of Rescue Employees (CARE)
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Cleveland Association of Rescue Employees local 1975
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1500:. Malvern PA: HMP Global. 2 September 2016.
624:voted down a merger proposal in May 2014.
848:. No. August. pp. 36–42, 94–97.
819:Cleveland Association of Rescue Employees
714:Cleveland Association of Rescue Employees
640:status at the end of 2015. This relieved
1320:"CEMS Ambulance vs CFD Rescue Squad.pdf"
104:
1634:Ambulance services in the United States
1587:Astolfi, Courtney (19 September 2023).
673:
439:recruited Mitchell Brown, a veteran of
1568:Astolfi, Courtney (17 February 2023).
1549:Goldenberg, Sarah (31 January 2021).
7:
859:Ryan Corbett Bell (31 August 2012).
762:"City Of Cleveland 2018 Budget Book"
390:Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs)
117:Patients transported to the hospital
1474:Neidermier, Kevin (10 March 2017).
844:Diana Tittle (1976). "EMERGENCY!".
1511:Moinca, Robins (31 January 2021).
863:. McFarland & Co. p. 71.
16:The City of Cleveland Division of
14:
1482:. Kent OH: Kent State University.
101:Inside of Cleveland EMS ambulance
576:was especially hard-hit by the
444:Freedom House Ambulance Service
1530:Gallek, ed (31 January 2021).
861:The ambulance : a history
74:, who provides non-transport "
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64:Emergency Medical Dispatchers
468:given the number available
372:rescue squads, and private
57:Advanced Life Support (ALS)
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55:of Cleveland EMS staff 25
32:transport for the City of
1538:. Cleveland Oh: Fox news.
600:of using fire department
457:Cleveland Fire Department
360:Prior to 1975, emergency
93:Cleveland EMS Call Volume
72:Cleveland Fire Department
18:Emergency Medical Service
790:"Cleveland EMS homepage"
682:"Cleveland EMS homepage"
47:As of January 2019, the
1644:Government of Cleveland
1639:Healthcare in Cleveland
43:Cleveland EMS ambulance
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482:Cleveland firefighters
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1519:. Cleveland Oh: WKYC.
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114:EMS calls dispatched
710:"CARE History page"
622:firefighter's union
602:heavy rescue squads
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120:Staffed ambulances
1422:Courtney Astolfi.
846:Cleveland Magazine
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502:penetrating trauma
111:911 calls received
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1267:Angela Townsend.
870:978-0-7864-7301-4
769:City of Cleveland
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1433:22 January
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1381:22 January
1355:22 January
1329:22 January
1304:22 January
1278:22 January
774:22 January
719:22 January
691:22 January
668:References
630:ambulances
618:paramedics
614:ambulances
610:ambulances
608:as backup
592:without a
582:ambulances
565:coverage.
510:paramedics
486:ambulances
470:ambulances
448:ambulances
421:paramedics
398:ambulances
386:Ralph Perk
374:ambulances
60:ambulances
49:paramedics
590:Cleveland
563:ambulance
547:paramedic
534:St Luke's
463:1990-1999
431:1980-1989
413:paramedic
406:paramedic
362:ambulance
356:1975-1979
30:ambulance
1536:fox8.com
1517:wkyc.com
1498:EMSWorld
538:Mt Sinai
498:homicide
1557:. WOIO.
824:8 April
799:8 April
351:History
335:105,570
332:120,017
318:106,106
315:120,383
301:109,370
298:124,842
284:104,937
281:119,272
267:109,633
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765:(PDF)
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865:ISBN
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567:CARE
508:and
506:EMTs
329:2023
312:2022
295:2021
278:2020
261:2019
244:2018
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210:2016
193:2015
176:2014
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125:2011
108:Year
53:EMTs
51:and
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648:in
545:or
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