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wind speed of class 3 and above, with the majority of wind sites located in areas of low population, near communities that favor wind energy development. Montana
Department of Environmental Quality maintains monitoring data from current wind-powered facilities and provides that data to people who are interested in wind energy investment opportunities in the state. The Energy Promotion and Development Division "facilitates a wind and transmission working group that consists of industry, government, academic and other stakeholders. The group has been meeting quarterly since April 2008 and it convenes to identify obstacles to transmission and wind development and to develop strategies to overcome those obstacles."
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581:. Montana moved the court to dismiss the lawsuit, arguing that lacked legal standing to challenge the Land Board's decision, that the Montana Environmental Policy Act did not apply to decisions of the Land Board, and that the statute allowing the Land Board to not consider any environmental impacts was constitutional. After hearing argument on the issues, the court denied Montana's dismissal of the suit and allowed the case to proceed on the merits. As of November 2011, the case is still being litigated in the Sixteenth Judicial District.
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492:(WCI). Shortly thereafter, numerous local governments across the state began to develop formal climate change policies and greenhouse gas emission standards to be implemented at the local level. The standards published in the local climate change action plans are largely patterned after Montana's comprehensive Climate Change Action Plan.
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must purchase 50 MW from these rural community-based utility companies. Beginning in 2015, that figure will grow to 75 MW. Any utility company serving more than 5,000 people is required to create a renewable energy standard which promotes renewable energy development, with specific emphasis on rural economic development.
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concentrations of pollutants including toxic metals, microbes and nutrients. Higher temperatures and increased forest fires will adversely affect air quality, increasing incidences of asthma, lung and heart disease. On average, climate change has already extended the allergy season by 20 days annually since 1950.
440:(DOE) and Sage Resources of Missoula, Montana established the Montana Geothermal Program. Montana's potential for large-scale geothermal energy development is still being evaluated. DOE's Geopowering the West program indicates that Montana has more than 25,000 square miles of high-potential sites and areas.
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transfer its ownership in the Otter Creek coal tracts to the state. The Tracts were located in south eastern
Montana, in an area rich with coal but largely undeveloped. At the time of the sale, the Tracts were surrounded by a checkerboard pattern of private property owned by a large real estate company;
1941:
Conant, R.T.; D. Kluck; M. Anderson; A. Badger; B.M. Boustead; J. Derner; L. Farris; M. Hayes; B. Livneh; S. McNeeley; D. Peck; M. Shulski; V. Smal (2018). "Northern Great Plains". In
Reidmiller, D.R.; C.W. Avery; D.R. Easterling; K.E. Kunkel; K.L.M. Lewis; T.K. Maycock; B.C. Stewart (eds.). Impacts,
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Montana is ranked among the top five states in the nation for wind power generation potential. As of 2009, Montana produced 820,924 MWh of wind-generated electricity, which represented more than three percent of all electricity generated in
Montana that year. Montana is ranked first in the nation for
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resources by 2015. Part of
Montana's renewable energy development plan is to stimulate rural economic development by requiring public utilities to buy renewable energy credits and electricity generated by community-based energy utility companies. From 2010 to 2014, public utility companies in Montana
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by
Montana for the benefit Montana citizens, and that the state had an affirmatively duty to protect that resource from harms like climate change. The petition to the Montana Supreme Court listed many climate change related impacts that were occurring within the state and argued that "public trust"
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and loan programs for individuals and businesses to promote renewable energy development at all levels in both the private and the public sector. This renewable-energy promoting legislation includes production incentives, utility grants and loans, a green power program, property tax exemptions, and
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There are still issues
Montana would face due to the warmer climate. These include reduction of crops that need cooler weather, introduction of diseases and pests that come from warmer climates, more severe storms and droughts. As for cattle production, in warmer weather cows will eat less and grow
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as a factor when deciding whether to issue permits for energy-related projects. On August 14, 2023, the trial court judge ruled in the youth plaintiffs' favor, though the state indicated it would appeal the decision. Montana's
Supreme Court heard oral arguments on July 10, 2024, its seven justices
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The
Supreme Court agreed with the Attorney General's office and dismissed the petition for original jurisdiction. The Court stated that the complexity of the case and the amount of factual determinations that had to be made were better suited for a fact-finding lower court, rather than the state's
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projects are undertaken at the residential or small-scale municipal level in homes, ranches, schools, community buildings and business. The feasibility of larger-scale solar energy generation facilities in
Montana continues to be researched. Eastern Montana receives an annual average of 5 hours of
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In 2009, Montana received $ 10.3 million in federal Recovery Act funding to improve the energy efficiency of state buildings and expand renewable energy use and recycling infrastructure in the state. The funds will also be used for grants to encourage use of new clean energy technologies that have
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Heat waves are becoming more common, snow is melting earlier in the spring, and trees are dying as a result of drought, forest fire, and increased prevalence of forest insects. In the next few decades in Montana, climate change is most likely to impact water availability, agricultural yields, and
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in order to prevent a proposed gold mine from being developed on the land. As a result of the land transaction, Montana stood to lose substantial revenue from mining royalties and requested that the state be compensated for the loss. After a period of negotiation the federal government agreed to
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Currently, Montana has 15 high-temperature sites located near White Sulphur Springs, Helena, Ennis, Bozeman, Butte and Boulder, and more than 50 designated geothermal areas of varying temperatures across the entire state. A total of twenty-seven known sites have surface temperatures ranging from
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have already been documented, and are expected to increase during the twenty-first century. Montanans will experience health impacts from increased temperatures and decreased stream flows that are similar to those in other parts of the country. Decreased summer stream flows will lead to heavier
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Tracts. After the initial bidding period ended with no bids received, the Land Board lowered the price per ton and resubmitted the Tracts for bidding. Arch Coal was the only bidder for the Otter Creek Tracts In March 2010, the Land Board voted 3–2 to accept Arch Coal's bid for the Tracts.
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Large-scale wind farms in Montana currently include Glacier wind farm near Shelby, Judith Gap wind farm in Wheatland County, Diamond Willow wind farm near Baker, MT, and Horseshoe Bend Wind Park near Great Falls. Detailed wind power maps are available on MDEQ's official site.
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Larson, Robert P.; Bryne, James M.; Johnson, Daniel L.; Letts, Matthew G.; Kienzie, Stefan W. (2010). "Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Spring Runoff for the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Alberta I: Model Development, Calibration and Historical Analysis".
618:. The Attorney General's office argued that the parents had failed to establish that the case fell within the bounds of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction and argued that the high Court deny the petition in favor of the normal, lower court process.
577:. The groups argued in court documents that the Land Board did not consider the impacts on climate change that the new mine would have and that the Land Board did not consider a single alternative to the full development of the mine, as required by the
610:’s office to respond to the petition. When the state Attorney General’s office did respond, they did not attack the merits of the parents’ argument but rather challenged the procedural posture of the case. The parents had filed their case under the "
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In reaching its decision to lease the Tracts, the Land Board was not required, under state statute, to consider any environmental impacts or consequences that would result from the proposed mine. After the Land Board approved the leases,
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110 °F to above 149 °F, and current temperature estimates for deep reservoirs exceed 350 °F. An interactive topographic map providing details about Montana's principal geothermal sites is available on MDEQ's official site.
299:. For instance, warmer temperatures reduce yield of wheat, but there will be a higher concentration of carbon dioxide which is favorable. Warmer winters could lead to two crop cycles per year but also increase growth of weeds and pests.
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annually—approximately 62 percent of the state's gross emissions. The state also contains 8.9 million acres thought suitable for afforestation with a potential sequestration capacity of up to 15 million metric tons.
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The State of Montana currently offers numerous tax incentives and revolving loan programs to encourage solar energy development projects. Details of those programs can also be found on MDEQ's official site.
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Boisenvue, Celine and Running, Steven. "Simulations Show Decreasing Carbon Stocks and Potential for Carbon Emissions in Rocky Mountain Forests Over the Next Century". Ecological Applications, 2010, pp.
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405:(DEQ) will also extend low-interest loans to consumers, businesses, and nonprofit organizations to install various renewable energy systems, including wind, solar, geothermal, hydro and biomass.
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found climate change may alter stream flow and water supply volume by lowering snowpack which may cause low reservoir storage in the spring and dangerously low flows in the summer making
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wildfire risk. State and local governments have taken legislative steps, such as establishing a renewable energy portfolio and creating climate action plans, to mitigate the effects of
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full sun, and western Montana receives an annual average of 4.2 hours, so Montana has adequate solar resources to support more widespread development of solar energy in the future.
267:: assuming a shift to a 'drier' precipitation and temperature scenario, the sequestration capacity of Montana's high-elevation forests could be reduced or even eliminated entirely.
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Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II (Report). Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program. pp. 941–986.
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https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120514175243/https://www.bozeman.net/Departments-(1)/Administration/Documents/BOZEMAN-COMMUNITY-CAP-2011-FINAL.aspx
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709:. A decade-old state law already prohibited the state from considering "actual or potential impacts that are regional, national, or global in nature".
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555:, the body responsible for deciding how Montana's state lands will be managed, voted to seek bids from development companies interested in the
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540:. Several years after Montana took ownership of the Tracts, Great Northern Properties sold its interest in the surrounding properties to
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1992:
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http://www.ci.helena.mt.us/fileadmin/user_upload/City_Public_Works/Global_Climate/Documents/2009/Climate_Task_Force_Report_8-19-09.pdf
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Additionally, Montana State University and University of Montana also issued climate change action plans for the campus communities.
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The Montana Wildlife Conservation Society is concerned that warming water may also change patterns of some species such as native
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614:" of the Montana Supreme Court, rather than an appeal. The original jurisdiction of the Montana Supreme Court was limited by the
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http://supremecourtdocket.mt.gov/view/OP%2011-0258%20Writ%20-%20Other%20--%20Petition?id={80553430-6861-4124-B4AE-AC8877E1449A}
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Initially, the state did not respond to the lawsuit filed by the parents. The Montana Supreme Court however, ordered the state
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Montana Climate Change Advisory Committee. "Montana Climate Change Action Plan". 2007, Section 2, pp. 2, 5; Appendix I, p. 43.
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varies among regions. Montana's agricultural production may not change substantially over the short term according to the
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In late 2011, Missoula County's Clark Fork Coalition began the process of developing climate action strategies as well.
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In 2007, Montana published its comprehensive Climate Change Action Plan and became the seventh U.S. state to join the
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Harvard Medical School Center for Health and the Global Environment, Climate Change and Health in Montana (Nov. 2009)
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law—prohibiting state agencies from considering climate change impacts when considering permits for projects like
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2011:
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680:. In the trial, held in June 2023, the plaintiffs challenged a law that prohibited the state from considering
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to a "clean and healthful environment in Montana for present and future generations" as required by the
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1890:"Republicans urge reversal of landmark ruling in Montana climate change lawsuit by young plaintiffs"
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require colder water than other fish and would have a difficult time surviving if waters warmed.
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1867:"Young environmental activists prevail in first-of-its-kind climate change trial in Montana"
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In May 2023, Republican lawmakers passed a law—possibly the nation’s most aggressive anti-
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182:, has determined that climate change will affect essential water resources in Montana as
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In the mid 1990s the federal government purchased a large tract of property neighboring
2985:
2623:
2593:
1821:"DEQ employees, 'climate economist,' testify for state in Montana climate change trial"
1658:"Montana court denies climate petition — The Bozeman Daily Chronicle: Environment"
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393:
191:
175:
115:
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917:"Health | Climate Change — Health and Environmental Effects | U.S. EPA"
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effects that impact Montana's water resources reach far beyond the state borders. The
2999:
1502:
802:
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moved into the production phase but are not yet well known or utilized in the state.
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which requires all public utilities to derive at least 15% of their electricity from
287:
Mitch Konen of the Montana Grain Growers Association speaking about drought, May 2022
183:
1610:"Montana Supreme Court orders state to respond to children's climate change lawsuit"
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In 2011, Bozeman released its final climate action plan and so did Missoula County.
2535:
1729:"'My life and my home': young people start to testify at historic US climate trial"
1208:
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916:
461:
389:
304:
171:
72:
1062:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Historical Energy Statistics"
956:
743:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-mt.pdf
594:
In May, 2011, several parents filed suit on behalf of their minor children in the
1526:
http://leg.mt.gov/content/Services%20Division/Lepo/mepa/Court-Cases/NPRCvsBLC.pdf
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1187:
977:
1683:"Young Montana residents bring climate change case to court for first time ever"
1040:
706:
686:
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381:
327:
1482:"Land Board approves $ 86M Otter Creek coal deal; Missoula protesters arrested"
1146:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Geothermal Energy Program"
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and other conservation groups filed suit in the Sixteenth Judicial District in
2345:
978:"Montana Wind Facts | Community wind energy development by National Wind"
308:
229:
1801:
1740:
1230:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Solar/Geothermal Energy"
1083:"Montana Department of Commerce — Wind & Transmission Working Group"
514:
In 2018, the City of Red Lodge adopted an Energy Conservation Plan to reduce
1254:
783:
Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques
702:
541:
187:
1948:
24:
1916:"Montana's New Anti-Climate Law May Be the Most Aggressive in the Nation"
156:
1706:"Fossil fuels v our future: young Montanans wage historic climate fight"
1425:"Otter Creek background — Montana Environmental Information Center"
1297:
http://www.geosinstitute.org/images/stories/pdfs/MissoulaFINALreport.pdf
794:
190:
may be compromised when contaminants and sediment are carried by spring
2507:
2497:
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2487:
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2429:
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658:
598:. The parents argued that the atmosphere was a public resource held in
144:
82:
957:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Renewable Energy"
263:
The impacts of climate change upon Montana's forests could result in
1125:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Wind Power Map"
999:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Tax Incentives"
2314:
1844:"Groundbreaking youth-led climate trial comes to an end in Montana"
650:
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326:
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109:
101:
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1958:
covers Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Nebraska
1788:"In Montana, It's Youth vs. the State in a Landmark Climate Case"
1251:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Action Plan"
657:. The case was filed in March 2020 by sixteen youth residents of
380:
Currently, Montana's renewable energy is derived primarily from
152:
140:
106:
An aircraft drops fire retardant on the 2021 Richard Spring Fire
2318:
1965:
1104:"Montana Department of Commerce — Energy Accomplishments"
163:, and reduced summer flows. This may increase competition for
147:
region include less water available in some areas. Warming in
80:
Climate change has had a number of impacts on the US state of
18:
1909:
1907:
1503:"77-1-121. Environmental review compliance — exemptions"
893:. Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Archived from
753:
Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Climate Change.
1188:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Sites"
756:"Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) - Water"
511:
began a comprehensive climate adaptation planning process.
495:
In 2009, Helena issued its community climate action plan.
1634:"Montana AG Seeks Rejection of Climate Change Lawsuit"
871:. US Environmental Protection Agency. January 19, 2017
664:
The plaintiffs argued that the state's support of the
1865:
Hanson, Amy Beth; Brown, Matthew (August 14, 2023).
1676:
1674:
1480:
MIKE DENNISON Missoulian State Bureau (2010-03-18).
1307:
Montana State University Climate Change Action Plan
2682:
2564:
2521:
2460:
2368:
2274:
2260:
1999:
1041:"Montana Department of Commerce — Wind Energy"
1888:Brown, Matthew; Hanson, Amy Beth (July 10, 2024).
1628:
1626:
1167:"EERE: Geothermal Technologies Program Home Page"
544:, Inc., the second largest coal developed in the
1344:Clark Fork Coalition Climate Change Action Plan
1334:University of Montana Climate Change Action Plan
2330:
1977:
1603:
1601:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
8:
3006:Climate change in the United States by state
1608:GWEN FLORIO of the Missoulian (2011-05-18).
180:Department of Environmental Quality, Montana
143:, possible effects on water systems for the
1768:. Montana Judicial Branch. March 22, 1972.
1395:City of Red Lodge Energy Conservation Plan
951:
949:
823:. Wildlife Conservation Society. 2011-06-23
403:Montana Department of Environmental Quality
2337:
2323:
2315:
1984:
1970:
1962:
1759:"The Constitution of the State of Montana"
1535:
1533:
1373:"Climate Change Advisory Committee (CCAC)"
1310:"MSU Sustainability - Climate Action Plan"
1947:
1660:. The Bozeman Daily Chronicle. 2011-06-16
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
456:Solar installation, Glacier National Park
16:Climate change in the US state of Montana
1521:
1519:
1253:. Deq.mt.gov. 2009-11-13. Archived from
293:effects of climate change on agriculture
49:of all important aspects of the article.
939:
937:
935:
933:
866:"What Climate Change Means for Montana"
730:
509:Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
1652:
1650:
1570:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1563:
368:In April, 2005, Montana established a
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
1877:from the original on August 17, 2023.
860:
858:
856:
739:What Climate Change Means for Montana
7:
1716:from the original on March 10, 2023.
817:"Mapping Montana for Climate Change"
719:Plug-in electric vehicles in Montana
361:Solar-powered pump, Arbuckle Ranch,
1993:Climate change in the United States
1900:from the original on July 11, 2024.
1854:from the original on June 20, 2023.
1831:from the original on June 20, 2023.
1808:from the original on June 14, 2023.
1747:from the original on June 21, 2023.
672:on their lives, thus denying their
323:Smoke pollution from wildfire, 2017
224:Drought on a cattle ranch, May 2022
174:state, and consequently, potential
68:Climate change in the United States
1926:from the original on May 19, 2023.
1914:Tigue, Kristoffer (May 16, 2023).
1775:from the original on May 28, 2023.
1704:Uyeda, Ray Levy (April 13, 2022).
1693:from the original on 12 June 2023.
341:health impacts from climate change
303:more slowly. Livestock also faces
255:up to 23.1 million metric tons of
14:
2979:
2546:Regional designations of Montana
1786:Gelles, David (March 24, 2023).
579:Montana Environmental Policy Act
571:Northern Plains Resource Council
76:Köppen climate types in Montana.
23:
1819:Miller, Blair (June 19, 2023).
1347:"Community Action: ClimateWise"
603:was impacted by these changes.
590:Climate change trust litigation
518:to 50% of 2016 levels by 2040.
348:State adaptation and mitigation
37:may be too short to adequately
1842:Noor, Dharna (June 20, 2023).
1727:Noor, Dharna (June 12, 2023).
1450:"Otter Creek Fact Sheet-draft"
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
1681:Noor, Dharna (12 June 2023).
1636:. Flathead Beacon. 1970-01-01
1043:. Commerce.mt.gov. 2010-06-28
460:Currently, most of Montana's
297:IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
737:United States, EPA. (2016).
636:Plaintiffs in Held v Montana
1956:National Climate Assessment
1398:"City of Red Lodge website"
397:production tax reductions.
217:potentially intermittent.
3027:
1427:. Meic.org. Archived from
891:"Climate Change - Impacts"
661:, then aged 2 through 18.
490:Western Climate Initiative
417:Wind turbines, Martinsdale
370:renewable energy portfolio
257:carbon dioxide equivalents
65:
2975:
2388:Congressional delegations
2356:
670:effects of climate change
649:climate lawsuit to go to
538:Great Northern Properties
533:Yellowstone National Park
279:Drought, Malta, July 2021
131:Drought, cattle ranch in
2294:Northern Mariana Islands
1232:. Deq.mt.gov. 2011-09-16
1127:. Deq.mt.gov. 2011-09-23
1001:. Deq.mt.gov. 2011-04-18
682:greenhouse gas emissions
553:Montana State Land Board
516:greenhouse gas emissions
211:University of Lethbridge
1211:. MontanaGreenPower.com
678:Constitution of Montana
3011:Environment of Montana
1949:10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH22
685:taking the case under
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485:
457:
418:
392:. Montana offers many
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336:
324:
288:
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206:
136:
119:
107:
77:
2541:Glacier National Park
1954:—this chapter of the
919:. Epa.gov. 2006-06-28
635:
612:original jurisdiction
596:Montana Supreme Court
480:
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360:
330:
322:
286:
278:
243:
223:
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130:
113:
105:
75:
666:fossil fuel industry
616:Montana Constitution
438:Department of Energy
194:at unnatural times.
151:is projected by the
2452:Tourist attractions
2440:The Last Best Place
2304:U.S. Virgin Islands
1920:Inside Climate News
1377:CSKT Climate Change
795:10.4296/cwrj3601017
201:Wind turbines near
155:to cause decreased
114:Barren wheatfield,
2986:Montana portal
1793:The New York Times
1169:. .eere.energy.gov
1022:. .eere.energy.gov
1020:"News: NewsDetail"
980:. Nationalwind.com
741:. Retrieved from:
647:constitutional law
638:
486:
484:installation, 2022
482:Tesla Supercharger
458:
432:In May, 2005, the
419:
366:
337:
325:
307:and the spread of
289:
281:
251:Montana's forests
249:
226:
209:A report from the
207:
137:
120:
108:
78:
2993:
2992:
2312:
2311:
1505:. Data.opi.mt.gov
1106:. Commerce.mt.gov
1085:. Commerce.mt.gov
668:had worsened the
386:geothermal energy
215:perennial streams
139:According to the
64:
63:
3018:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2268:Washington, D.C.
2262:Federal district
1986:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1928:
1927:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:. Missoulian.com
1605:
1596:
1591:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1546:. Archived from
1545:
1537:
1528:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:. Missoulian.com
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1455:. Archived from
1454:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1421:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1349:. Archived from
1342:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1312:. Archived from
1305:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
953:
944:
941:
928:
927:
925:
924:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
870:
862:
851:
847:
841:
838:
832:
831:
829:
828:
813:
807:
806:
777:
771:
770:
768:
767:
758:. Archived from
751:
745:
735:
608:Attorney General
575:Broadus, Montana
473:Local government
434:State of Montana
374:renewable energy
333:Bitterroot River
236:Forest resources
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2980:
2978:
2971:
2812:Lewis and Clark
2678:
2560:
2551:Western Montana
2531:Eastern Montana
2517:
2456:
2425:Protected areas
2364:
2352:
2343:
2313:
2308:
2270:
2256:
1995:
1990:
1940:
1937:
1935:Further reading
1932:
1931:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1579:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1541:"Archived copy"
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
992:
983:
981:
976:
975:
971:
962:
960:
955:
954:
947:
942:
931:
922:
920:
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
889:
888:
884:
874:
872:
868:
864:
863:
854:
848:
844:
839:
835:
826:
824:
815:
814:
810:
779:
778:
774:
765:
763:
754:
752:
748:
736:
732:
727:
715:
695:
642:Held v. Montana
630:
627:Held v. Montana
592:
587:
566:
529:
524:
475:
355:
350:
317:
273:
238:
165:water resources
161:winter flooding
149:mountain states
125:
123:Water resources
100:
70:
60:
54:
51:
44:
32:This article's
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Columbia Falls
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2566:Largest cities
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2447:Transportation
2444:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Climate change
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2284:American Samoa
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:South Carolina
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:North Carolina
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1903:
1880:
1857:
1834:
1825:Daily Montanan
1811:
1778:
1750:
1719:
1696:
1670:
1646:
1622:
1597:
1577:
1529:
1515:
1494:
1472:
1441:
1403:
1388:
1363:
1337:
1326:
1300:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1242:
1221:
1200:
1179:
1158:
1137:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1053:
1032:
1011:
990:
969:
945:
929:
908:
882:
852:
842:
833:
808:
772:
746:
729:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
714:
711:
699:climate action
694:
691:
629:
624:
591:
588:
586:
583:
565:
562:
528:
525:
523:
520:
474:
471:
394:tax incentives
354:
351:
349:
346:
316:
313:
272:
269:
244:Solar panels,
237:
234:
176:climate change
124:
121:
99:
96:
91:climate change
66:Main article:
62:
61:
41:the key points
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3023:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
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2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
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2863:
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2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Golden Valley
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
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2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
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2657:
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2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:State symbols
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
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2367:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
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2320:
2317:
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2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:West Virginia
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:New Hampshire
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Massachusetts
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
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2058:
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2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1766:courts.mt.gov
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1553:on 2012-01-26
1549:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1462:on 2012-01-24
1458:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1431:on 2012-01-24
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1378:
1374:
1371:Camel, Keya.
1367:
1364:
1353:on 2011-11-26
1352:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1316:on 2012-03-15
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1257:on 2012-01-01
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1000:
994:
991:
979:
973:
970:
958:
952:
950:
946:
940:
938:
936:
934:
930:
918:
912:
909:
897:on 2012-04-26
896:
892:
886:
883:
867:
861:
859:
857:
853:
846:
843:
837:
834:
822:
818:
812:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
776:
773:
762:on 2011-12-01
761:
757:
750:
747:
744:
740:
734:
731:
724:
720:
717:
716:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
692:
690:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
655:United States
652:
648:
645:is the first
644:
643:
634:
628:
625:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
604:
601:
597:
589:
584:
582:
580:
576:
572:
563:
561:
558:
554:
551:In 2009, the
549:
547:
546:United States
543:
539:
534:
526:
521:
519:
517:
512:
510:
507:In 2018, the
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
491:
483:
479:
472:
470:
466:
463:
454:
450:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
415:
411:
410:
406:
404:
398:
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2513:LGBT rights
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2122:Mississippi
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382:wind energy
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271:Agriculture
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3000:Categories
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2152:New Jersey
2027:California
1664:2011-12-06
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850:1302-1319.
827:2022-04-09
766:2011-11-30
725:References
703:coal mines
687:advisement
564:Litigation
527:Background
430:Geothermal
353:Renewables
331:Wildfire,
246:Polebridge
230:bull trout
205:, May 2022
188:ecosystems
2957:Wheatland
2902:Roosevelt
2862:Petroleum
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2644:Lewistown
2634:Kalispell
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2403:Governors
2393:Geography
2363:(capital)
2247:Wisconsin
2212:Tennessee
2117:Minnesota
2092:Louisiana
1802:0362-4331
1741:0261-3077
803:109993368
705:and fuel
542:Arch Coal
309:parasites
253:sequester
203:Fairfield
172:headwater
39:summarize
2947:Treasure
2917:Sheridan
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2867:Phillips
2847:Missoula
2772:Garfield
2767:Gallatin
2762:Flathead
2727:Chouteau
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2659:Missoula
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2609:Glendive
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2042:Delaware
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1770:Archived
1745:Archived
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1566:cite web
901:21 April
875:21 April
713:See also
693:Statutes
585:Lawsuits
339:Adverse
265:feedback
157:snowpack
2912:Sanders
2907:Rosebud
2892:Ravalli
2887:Prairie
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2837:Meagher
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2822:Lincoln
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2737:Daniels
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1894:AP News
1871:AP News
1209:"Solar"
659:Montana
653:in the
192:run-off
159:, more
145:Montana
98:Impacts
83:Montana
2962:Wibaux
2952:Valley
2882:Powell
2832:McCone
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2742:Dawson
2732:Custer
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2629:Helena
2604:Dillon
2430:Sports
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2012:Alaska
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2594:Butte
2478:Crime
2378:Index
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2097:Maine
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116:Malta
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2792:Hill
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2222:Utah
2177:Ohio
2077:Iowa
1798:ISSN
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