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for the effectiveness of individual actions can reduce feelings of apathy and anxiety associated with climate change helplessness. When people receive information describing how their personal actions impact the environment, they report less fear of climate change, and intend to make more sustainable choices, showing that climate change helplessness can be treated by beliefs in climate change efficacy.
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73:(APA) issued a report about the impact of climate change on mental health. It said that "gradual, long-term changes in climate can also surface a number of different emotions, including fear, anger, feelings of powerlessness, or exhaustion". Generally this is likely to have the greatest impact on young people. Eco-anxiety that is now affecting young adults has been likened to
225:
The first step for therapists in treating eco-anxiety is realizing that a fearful response to a real condition is not pathological. Eco-anxiety is a completely normal response, even if the client finds it profoundly disturbing. Therapists need to take clients' fears about the situation seriously and
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The condition has become especially common among children and young people – in 2021, in some universities, over 70% of students described themselves as suffering from eco-anxiety. However, as of early 2021, validated ways to assess the prevalence of climate or eco-anxiety were not well established.
54:
if left without alleviation. There is also evidence that eco-anxiety is caused by the way researchers frame their research and their narratives of the evidence about climate change: if they do not consider the possibility of finding any solution to overcome climate change and for individuals to make
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applied to climate change fears. Because climate change is such an enormous issue with such dire consequences, an individual's actions may seem to make no difference in combatting the bigger issue. This can demotivate people from taking any pro-environmental at all. But, an intervention advocating
155:
An
October 2021 report based on polling in the UK found that 78% of people surveyed expressed some degree of eco-anxiety. It found that women (45%) were substantially more likely to report high levels of eco-anxiety compared to men (36%). Similar observations have been reported worldwide, including
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The people that surround children and young adults, like parents, guardians, teachers, and mentors, can have an impact on how they view climate change. There is research being done about how these groups of people should talk to children and young adults to prevent eco-anxiety in these populations,
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is "the distress caused by the transformation and degradation of one's home environment." A 2019 study found that the number of people who experience solastalgia will increase as the rate of climate change also continues to increase. This is due to the fact that more people will see the effects of
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Eco-anger is frustration about climate change and the environmental changes that are caused by it. It can also be frustration towards certain groups, corporations, or countries that contribute to climate change. A study that separated the effects of eco-anxiety, eco-depression and eco-anger, found
129:
In 2018, surveys conducted in the United States found that between 21% and 29% of
Americans said they were "very" worried about the climate, which is double the rate of a similar study in 2015. A Yale 2023 survey found similar results, that climate change is distressing. This concept of climate or
249:
A 2021 literature review found that emotional responses to crisis can be adaptive when the individual has the capacity and support to process and reflect on this emotion. In these cases, individuals are able to grow from their experiences and support others. In the context of climate change, this
241:
In general, psychotherapists say that when individuals take action to combat climate change, this reduces anxiety levels by bringing a sense of personal empowerment and feelings of connection with others in the community. Many psychologists emphasize that in addition to action, there is a need to
229:
Various non-clinical treatments, group work options, internet based support forums, and self-help books are available for people suffering from less severe psychological conditions. Some of the psychological impacts require no form of treatment at all, and can even be positive: for example, worry
133:
Climate change is an ongoing global threat that is largely characterized by uncertainty and lack of understanding. For this reason, anxiety and grief in humans is a natural and rational response for those feeling fear or a lack of control. For example, these feelings could arise in people who are
177:
are especially vulnerable to eco-anxiety and other climate-caused emotional responses, because of their reliance on their land and land-based activities for their livelihood and well-being. A 2021 study found that indigenous populations who were exposed to environmental changes associated with
308:
It was among the strongest feelings of grief I have ever encountered. The contrast between the vicious coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with overwhelming sadness. Every day, we are confronted with the knowledge of further destruction of Earth at our hands: the
77:
fears of nuclear annihilation felt by baby boomers. Research has found that although there are heightened emotional experiences linked with acknowledgement and anticipation of climate change and its impact on society, these are inherently adaptive. Furthermore, engaging with these emotional
309:
extinction of animal species, of flora and fauna... things that took five billion years to evolve, and suddenly we will never see them again because of the interference of mankind. It filled me with dread. My trip to space was supposed to be a celebration; instead, it felt like a funeral.
49:
and other environmental issues. Extensive studies have been done on ecological anxiety since 2007, and various definitions remain in use. The condition is not a medical diagnosis and is regarded as a rational response to the reality of climate change; however, severe instances can have a
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have also been created locally, nationally, and globally. These groups allow people to discuss their fears about climate change and receive advice from other members on how to address those fears. Peer-to-peer support groups have also emerged among individuals who have moved through the
143:
A September 2021 survey queried 10,000 young people from 10 countries across the world, finding that almost 60% were either very or extremely worried about climate change. Two thirds said they felt sad, afraid and anxious, while close to 40% reported they were hesitant to have children.
98:
of environmental doom". Another widely cited definition is: "the generalized sense that the ecological foundations of existence are in the process of collapse." Some scholars use the term eco-anxiety as a synonym for climate-anxiety, while others like to treat the terms separately. The
134:
forced to leave their homes, deal with uncertainty about their future environment, or feel concern for the future harm of their children. Climate grief can be divided into three categories: physical ecological losses, the loss of environmental knowledge, and anticipated future losses.
258:
As eco-anxiety has gained traction and becomes more prevalent, one of the current hot topics in the scientific literature concerns how to define and assess eco-anxiety. Other future research may examine and develop ways for people to remain resilient in the face of climate change.
353:
climate change on their home environments as climate change continues. It is becoming increasingly manifest that only the ecology suffers from climate change but also domains such as historic and cultural heritage, which are closely linked to sentiments of belonging and identity.
288:
that eco-anger is the best for a person's wellbeing. This study also found that eco-anger is good for motivating participation in actions that combat climate change. A separate report from 2021 found that eco-anger was significantly more common among young people.
78:
experiences leads to increased resilience, agency, reflective functioning and collective action. Individuals are encouraged to find collective ways of processing their climate related emotional experiences in order to support mental health and well-being.
62:, or even be "paralyzing". Some people have reported experiencing so much anxiety and fear about the future with climate change that they choose not to have children. Eco-anxiety has received more attention after 2017, and especially since late 2018 with
226:"not assume they're a dysfunctional mental health problem or that a person suffering from eco-anxiety is somehow ill." In terms of treatment, individualistic models of mental health are "not designed to deal with collective trauma on a planetary scale".
194:
Eco-anxiety can manifest in ways that cause physical symptoms and may exacerbate pre-existing mental health conditions. Symptoms include irritability, sleeplessness, inability to relax, loss of appetite, poor concentration, bouts of weakness,
340:
Eco-guilt is "guilt that arises when people think about times they have not met personal or societal standards for environmental behavior." This guilt can take the form of self-criticism, self-blame, self-examination, and/or self-torturing.
86:
A 2021 systematic review found that eco-anxiety had been defined in various different ways; a common feature of the different definitions is that they describe challenging emtional responses to climate change and other environmental issues.
186:, rising temperatures, and erratic weather patterns, were most likely to experience a decrease in mental wellbeing. This decrease can be expressed as eco-anxiety, but also as other climate related emotional responses, like eco-anger.
365:. Scholars have pointed out that there is a need for a systemic approach to provide various resources for people in relation to the mental health impacts of ecological problems and climate change. Some organizations, such as the
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has defined eco-anxiety as"the chronic fear of environmental cataclysm that comes from observing the seemingly irrevocable impact of climate change and the associated concern for one's future and that of next generations".
124:
In 2023, almost six in ten respondents reported that a severe effect of climate change has already occurred where they live, with 38% expecting to be displaced from their homes in the next 25 years because of climate
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332:(or eco-grief) is "the grief felt in relation to experienced or anticipated ecological losses, including the loss of species, ecosystems, and meaningful landscapes due to acute or chronic environmental change."
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are women. Many women decide whether or not they will have children based on climate change, because climate change is predicted to impact future generations more. A survey conducted by the
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P. Tschakert; N.R.Ellis; C.Anderson; A.Kelly; J.Obeng (2019). "One thousand ways to experience loss: A systematic analysis of climate-related intangible harm from around the world".
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Other mental and/or emotional symptoms include feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness, distancing oneself from or avoiding the issue, and feeling overwhelmed or suffocated.
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One way to combat eco-anxiety is through beliefs about the effectiveness of personal actions. Eco-anxiety can be fueled in part by climate change helplessness, a form of
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Hickman, Caroline; Marks, Elizabeth; Pihkala, Panu; Clayton, Susan; Lewandowski, Eric; Mayall, Elouise; Wray, Britt; Mellor, Catriona; van
Susteren, Lise (2021-12-31).
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ecological anxiety and grief is far-reaching due to the extensive awareness about climate change that is made possible through technology and global communication.
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Eco-anxiety is an unpleasant emotion, though it can also motivate useful behavior such as the gathering of relevant information. Yet it can also manifest as
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1989:
916:"The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research"
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The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research.
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3449:
689:"On climate anxiety and the threat it may pose to daily life functioning and adaptation: a study among European and African French-speaking participants"
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51:
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Inauen, Jennifer; Contzen, Nadja; Frick, Vivan; Kadel, Philipp; Keller, Jan; Kollmann, Josianne; Mata, Jutta; van
Valkengoed, Anne M. (2021).
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271:, there are other climate-specific psychological impacts that are less well studied than eco-anxiety. They include, but are not limited to,
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1639:"Women's mental health and climate change Part II: Socioeconomic stresses of climate change and eco‐anxiety for women and their children"
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Léger-Goodes, Terra; Malboeuf-Hurtubise, Catherine; Mastine, Trinity; Généreux, Mélissa; Paradis, Pier-Olivier; Camden, Chantal (2022).
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into acceptance of climate impacts as ongoing and, to some degree, inevitable. Examples includes groups arising from the concepts of
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Institute for
Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers Volume 7. University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK..(Unpublished)
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2553:"Identifying Types of Eco-Anxiety, Eco-Guilt, Eco-Grief, and Eco-Coping in a Climate-Sensitive Population: A Qualitative Study"
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about climate change can be positively related to information-seeking and to a sense of being able to influence such problems.
1747:
1444:"Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey"
958:
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542:
366:
2657:
927:
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2225:"From anger to action: Differential impacts of eco-anxiety, eco-depression, and eco-anger on climate action and wellbeing"
1802:
1692:
Cunsolo, Ashlee; Harper, Sherilee L.; Minor, Kelton; Hayes, Katie; Williams, Kimberly G.; Howard, Courtney (1 July 2020).
744:
Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew; Leong, Kit Ling (1 November 2020). "Eco-reproductive concerns in the age of climate change".
503:
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capacity for deep reflection is necessary to navigate the emotional challenges that both individuals and societies face.
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1828:"Understanding the Spectrum of Anxiety Responses to Climate Change: A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Literature"
2551:Ágoston, Csilla; Csaba, Benedek; Nagy, Bence; Kőváry, Zoltán; Dúll, Andrea; Rácz, József; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2022).
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European and
African countries. A 2023 study claimed that eco-anxiety is more prevalent in women, because 80% of
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369:, provide web based guidance to help caregivers assist children and young adults deal with their eco-anxiety.
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These symptoms are common in people who experience eco-anxiety. For example, a 2022 study commissioned by the
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954:"Understanding Eco-anxiety: A Systematic Scoping Review of Current Literature and Identified Knowledge Gaps"
509:
1504:"Eco-anxiety in children: A scoping review of the mental health impacts of the awareness of climate change"
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1019:
875:
404:
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Clayton, S.; Karazsia, B. (2020). "Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety".
199:, muscle tension and twitching. These symptoms are similar to the symptoms that someone diagnosed with
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in 2018 found that 33% of women that chose not to have children cited climate change as a reason.
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59:
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Eco-Anxiety and
Pandemic Distress: Psychological Perspectives on Resilience and Interconnectness
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2305:"On the Measurement of Climate Change Anxiety: French Validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale"
2120:
2110:
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2014:
2006:
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1906:
Ojala, Maria; Cunsolo, Ashlee; Ogunbode, Charles A.; Middleton, Jacqueline (18 October 2021).
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Eco-Anxiety and
Planetary Hope: Experiencing the Twin Disasters of Covid-19 and Climate Change
630:
612:
513:
419: – Person who believes global problems will inevitably cause the collapse of civilization
298:
1908:"Anxiety, Worry, and Grief in a Time of Environmental and Climate Crisis: A Narrative Review"
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Degrees of concern about the effects of climate change vary with political affiliation.
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1941:
1882:
American
Academy of Sleep Medicine – Association for Sleep Clinicians and Researchers
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1678:
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1206:
901:
781:
373:
268:
2499:
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1985:"Climate change helplessness and the (de)moralization of individual energy behavior"
1373:
Susan
Clayton (2020). "Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change".
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4042:
3686:
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3333:
3217:
3130:
2026:
1572:
990:
Clayton, Susan; Manning, Christie; Krygsman, Kirra; Speiser, Meighen (March 2017),
802:"Anxiety and the Ecological Crisis: An Analysis of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Anxiety"
196:
2658:"Must we accept the loss of beloved heritage to the climate crisis? | Aeon Essays"
1694:"Ecological grief and anxiety: the start of a healthy response to climate change?"
1386:
1239:
1182:
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953:
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3041:
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1033:
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349:
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reported that "anxieties around climate change and environmental issues" caused
2605:
Galway, Lindsay P.; Beery, Thomas; Jones-Casey, Kelsey; Tasala, Kirsti (2019).
2139:
915:
765:
712:
17:
4304:
3681:
3318:
2483:
2124:
1522:
1336:
413: – Actions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change
179:
2706:
2681:
2491:
2458:"Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss"
2075:
2010:
1933:
1770:
1743:"Indigenous mental health and climate change: A systematic literature review"
1719:
1662:
1531:
1477:
1247:
1190:
773:
616:
3259:
1563:
1417:
425: – Feeling of powerlessness to prevent cataclysmic environmental change
422:
386:
2642:
2623:
2588:
2569:
2340:
2018:
1863:
1844:
1727:
1670:
1549:
1485:
1394:
1359:
1316:
1297:
1255:
1198:
993:
Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance
730:
634:
2857:"Adapt or die: Jem Bendell's radical vision to survive the climate crisis"
2537:
2303:
Mouguiama-Daouda, C.; Blanchard, M.A.; Coussement, C.; Heeren, A. (2022).
2435:"William Shatner: My Trip to Space Filled Me With 'Overwhelming Sadness'"
211:
74:
2223:
Samantha K. Stanley; Teaghan L. Hogg; Zoe Leviston; Iain Walker (2021).
2083:
1468:
830:
3237:
2781:
2251:
2002:
1654:
820:
801:
183:
2107:
Emotional resiliency in the era of climate change – a clinicians guide
2067:
1878:"Nearly 70% of Americans have lost sleep due to environmental worries"
4240:
2731:
920:
Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers
416:
2805:
2321:
3247:
1983:
Salomon, Erika; Preston, Jesse L.; Tannenbaum, Melanie B. (2017).
1798:
It's Not Eco-Anxiety – It's Eco-Fear! A Survey of the Eco-Emotions
1568:"Eco-anxiety over climate crisis suffered by all ages and classes"
119:
2895:
2877:
How to transform apocalypse fatigue into action on global warming
2611:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2557:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1832:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1741:
Vecchio, Emily Ann; Dickson, Michelle; Zhang, Ying (2022-05-01).
1284:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
95:
55:
a difference, they contribute to this feeling of powerlessness.
4191:
3896:
3632:
3192:
3104:
2985:
2937:
2899:
952:
Coffey Y, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Islam MS, Usher K (2021-08-01).
4154:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
1115:'Climate grief': The growing emotional toll of climate change
448: – Human behaviour with regards to climate change denial
361:
Several psychological organizations have been founded around
147:
while still encouraging climate change mitigation practices.
2607:"Mapping the Solastalgia Literature: A Scoping Review Study"
1222:"Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change"
1165:"Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change"
1140:"Yale Experts Explain Climate Anxiety | Yale Sustainability"
1074:"A Steady Six in 10 Say Global Warming's Effects Have Begun"
1049:"Eco-ansiedade: as sequelas psicológicas da crise climática"
407: – Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change
1279:"Psychometric Properties of the Climate Change Worry Scale"
4330:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
687:
Heeren, A.; Mouguiama-Daouda, C.; Contreras, A. (2022).
2040:
Terrified of Climate Change? You Might Have Eco-Anxiety
4171:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2831:"The Collapse of Civilization May have Already Begun"
1637:
Rothschild, Julia; Haase, Elizabeth (February 2023).
1643:
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
1418:"Climate change: Young people very worried - survey"
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945:
682:
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678:
90:
The term eco-anxiety is said to have been coined by
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3029:
2998:
1332:"Climate anxiety in young people: a call to action"
853:. Vol. 244, no. 3261/62. pp. 20–21.
1957:"Resources to Cope With Climate Anxiety and Grief"
1127:Climate Change in the American Mind: December 2018
2456:Cunsolo, Ashlee; Ellis, Neville R. (April 2018).
895:'Climate grief' takes toll on younger generations
4371:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
401: – Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
2887:How to shift your mindset and chose your future
2156:"Climate change and dealing with burnout | APS"
303:
275:(or eco-depression), eco-anger, eco-guilt, and
2052:Cossman, Brenda (2013). "Anxiety Governance".
847:"The Year the World Woke up to Climate Change"
3116:History of climate change policy and politics
2911:
2883:on overcoming defensive psychological impacts
564:Barrett, Eden; Gulliver, Robyn (2024-04-09).
531:
529:
8:
2218:
2216:
1330:Judy Wu; Gaelen Snell; Hasina Samji (2020).
591:"Academic Framing as a Cause of Eco-Anxiety"
442: – Aspect of climate change and society
3233:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
2889:(2020), TED Talk on 'stubborn optimism' by
2757:"Coping with climate change distress | APS"
2522:"Eco-Guilt Motivates Eco-Friendly Behavior"
1990:Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied
1826:Soutar, Catriona; Wand, Anne P. F. (2022).
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2995:
2982:
2934:
2918:
2904:
2896:
2144:. Helsinki: Finnish mental health society.
1912:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
795:
793:
791:
454: – Aspect of worldwide public opinion
429:Effects of climate change on mental health
3998:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
3141:United Nations Climate Change conferences
2632:
2622:
2578:
2568:
2330:
2320:
2250:
2240:
1923:
1853:
1843:
1795:Buzzell, Linda; Chalquist, Craig (2019).
1760:
1709:
1539:
1521:
1467:
1349:
1306:
1296:
1032:
971:
829:
819:
720:
624:
606:
66:publicly discussing her own eco-anxiety.
45:) is a challenging emotional response to
3702:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
2229:The Journal of Climate Change and Health
1748:The Journal of Climate Change and Health
1015:"Environmental Issues Are Health Issues"
959:The Journal of Climate Change and Health
111:
4058:National Adaptation Programme of Action
3847:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
2206:Kieft, Jasmine and Bendell, Jem (2021)
1790:
1788:
463:
138:Prevalence in Children and Young Adults
3707:Economics of climate change mitigation
3670:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
3021:Scientific consensus on climate change
2445:from the original on October 11, 2022.
2181:"How climate activists avoid burn out"
1104:from the original on 28 November 2023.
985:
983:
876:Climate Change's Toll On Mental Health
538:"Eco distress: for parents and carers"
440:Psychological impact of climate change
4366:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
2656:Weststeijn, Thijs (28 October 2021).
2600:
2598:
1978:
1976:
1925:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716
1821:
1819:
1632:
1630:
1497:
1495:
857:from the original on 22 December 2019
7:
4388:Representative Concentration Pathway
3339:Tipping points in the climate system
3015:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
2829:Ahmed, Nahfeez (November 22, 2019).
2707:"Climate Psychology Alliance – Home"
2433:Shatner, William (October 6, 2022).
1416:Roger Harrabin (14 September 2021).
589:Chiolero, Arnaud (28 January 2023).
469:
467:
4159:Nationally determined contributions
3869:Individual action on climate change
3084:World energy supply and consumption
2357:Journal of Environmental Psychology
1801:. www.chalquist.com. Archived from
1097:. Ipsos. November 2023. p. 6.
1080:from the original on 20 April 2023.
446:Psychology of climate change denial
4298:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
1886:American Academy of Sleep Medicine
1001:American Psychological Association
930:from the original on 10 March 2021
845:Vaughan, Adam (18 December 2019).
474:Sustaining All Life (2020-02-20).
208:American Academy of Sleep Medicine
71:American Psychological Association
27:Chronic fear of environmental doom
25:
4225:Satellite temperature measurement
3830:forestry for carbon sequestration
3121:History of climate change science
1961:The Commons Social Change Library
570:The Commons Social Change Library
480:The Commons Social Change Library
4451:
4439:
4428:
4427:
4415:
4076:Climate Change Performance Index
2520:Mallett, Robyn K. (2012-09-01).
1220:Clayton, Susan (1 August 2020).
1163:Clayton, Susan (1 August 2020).
1092:"Global Views on Climate Change"
452:Public opinion on climate change
170:Prevalence in Indigenous Peoples
4215:Instrumental temperature record
4166:Sustainable Development Goal 13
2682:"Psychology for a Safe Climate"
2282:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.006
4283:Climate variability and change
3324:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
1129:, Climate Change Communication
914:Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021).
543:Royal College of Psychiatrists
367:Royal College of Psychiatrists
306:
1:
4393:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
3928:Climate emergency declaration
2855:Jones, Lucy (25 April 2023).
2732:"Climate Psychiatry Alliance"
2686:Psychology for a Safe Climate
1955:Hammond, Holly (2020-03-02).
1711:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30144-3
1460:10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3
1387:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
1351:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30223-0
1240:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
1183:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
1072:Saad, Lydia (20 April 2023).
566:"Health and Climate Activism"
94:who defined it as "a chronic
4376:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
3602:Middle East and North Africa
2242:10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100003
1762:10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100121
1375:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
1227:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
1170:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
973:10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047
651:; Mickey, Sam, eds. (2022).
608:10.3390/epidemiologia4010006
502:; Mickey, Sam, eds. (2023).
201:generalized anxiety disorder
2782:"Eco-Anxiety Support Group"
2736:Climate Psychiatry Alliance
2711:Climate Psychology Alliance
2370:10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
2269:Global Environmental Change
2105:Davenport, Leslie. (2017).
1698:The Lancet Planetary Health
536:Dr Catriona Mellor (2020).
476:"Healing Our Climate Grief"
436: – Fear of nuclear war
263:Related emotional responses
4506:
4485:Climate change and society
4210:Global surface temperature
4101:Popular culture depictions
4013:Ecosystem-based adaptation
3743:Carbon capture and storage
3665:Carbon offsets and credits
1117:NBC News, 24 December 2018
904:, SC Times, 21 April 2019.
766:10.1007/s10584-020-02923-y
713:10.1007/s10584-022-03402-2
4422:Climate change portal
4409:
4315:Extreme event attribution
4198:
4187:
3938:School Strike for Climate
3906:
3892:
3817:Climate-smart agriculture
3641:
3628:
3201:
3188:
3111:
3100:
2994:
2981:
2964:Climate change adaptation
2959:Climate change mitigation
2954:Effects of climate change
2944:
2933:
2484:10.1038/s41558-018-0092-2
1523:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872544
1034:10.1027/1016-9040/a000438
411:Climate change mitigation
4480:Environmental psychology
4325:Global warming potential
4132:International agreements
3779:Preserving and enhancing
3223:Arctic methane emissions
3145:Years in climate change
3052:Greenhouse gas emissions
2949:Causes of climate change
2042:, Time, 21 November 2019
881:18 December 2019 at the
4356:Climate change scenario
4008:Disaster risk reduction
3660:Carbon emission trading
3470:U.S. insurance industry
3450:Civilizational collapse
3297:sea surface temperature
1509:Frontiers in Psychology
1448:Lancet Planetary Health
1277:Alan E Stewart (2021).
1144:sustainability.yale.edu
510:Oxford University Press
4349:Research and modelling
4033:Nature-based solutions
3853:Nature-based solutions
3795:Carbon dioxide removal
3712:Fossil fuel divestment
3697:Climate risk insurance
3607:Small island countries
3228:Arctic sea ice decline
2624:10.3390/ijerph16152662
2570:10.3390/ijerph19042461
2138:Pihkala, Panu (2019).
2055:Law and Social Inquiry
1845:10.3390/ijerph19020990
1298:10.3390/ijerph18020494
311:
221:Treatment and response
214:for 70% of Americans.
175:Indigenous populations
126:
117:
4310:Earth's energy budget
4193:Background and theory
4081:Climate crisis (term)
3753:Fossil fuel phase-out
3647:Economics and finance
3612:by individual country
3554:By country and region
3529:Security and conflict
3524:Psychological impacts
3213:Abrupt climate change
3136:Charles David Keeling
2969:By country and region
2761:www.psychology.org.au
2538:10.1089/eco.2012.0031
2463:Nature Climate Change
2160:www.psychology.org.au
1020:European Psychologist
800:Pihkala Panu (2020).
657:. Cham, Switzerland:
405:Climate change denial
178:climate change, like
123:
115:
4139:Glasgow Climate Pact
3800:Carbon sequestration
3375:Mass mortality event
2879:(2017), TED Talk by
2396:"A Crisis in Common"
2309:Psychologica Belgica
885:, APA, 29 March 2017
244:emotional resilience
235:learned helplessness
52:mental health impact
4278:Climate sensitivity
4053:The Adaptation Fund
3509:Infectious diseases
3416:Social and economic
2476:2018NatCC...8..275C
1599:"A Criis in Common"
1566:(31 October 2021).
900:18 October 2020 at
758:2020ClCh..163.1007S
705:2022ClCh..173...15H
151:Prevalence in Women
3849:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
3821:Forest management
3805:Direct air capture
3770:Sustainable energy
3727:Net zero emissions
3722:Low-carbon economy
3717:Green Climate Fund
3504:Indigenous peoples
3407:Plant biodiversity
3195:Effects and issues
2810:Good Grief Network
2414:on 4 December 2021
2003:10.1037/xap0000105
1655:10.1002/ijgo.14514
1615:on 4 December 2021
821:10.3390/su12197836
649:Vakoch, Douglas A.
500:Vakoch, Douglas A.
385:(origin 2018) and
363:climate psychology
246:to avoid burnout.
203:might experience.
127:
118:
60:conflict avoidance
37:and also known as
35:ecological anxiety
4467:
4466:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4340:Radiative forcing
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4003:Adaptive capacity
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3748:Energy transition
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3344:Tropical cyclones
3270:Urban heat island
3184:
3183:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3057:Carbon accounting
3011:Greenhouse effect
2977:
2976:
2891:Tom Rivett-Carnac
2881:Per Espen Stoknes
2116:978-1-78592-719-5
2068:10.1111/lsi.12027
1454:(12): e863–e873.
1344:(10): e435–e436.
668:978-3-031-08430-0
519:978-0-19-762267-4
16:(Redirected from
4497:
4455:
4454:
4443:
4442:
4431:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4383:Paleoclimatology
4200:
4189:
3950:Ecological grief
3933:Climate movement
3908:
3894:
3874:Plant-based diet
3765:Renewable energy
3643:
3630:
3465:Economic impacts
3397:Invasive species
3253:Coastal flooding
3203:
3190:
3126:Svante Arrhenius
3102:
3072:from agriculture
3062:Carbon footprint
3047:Greenhouse gases
2996:
2983:
2935:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2897:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2626:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2407:. Archived from
2400:
2394:(October 2021).
2388:
2382:
2381:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2244:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2030:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1927:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1847:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1764:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1704:(7): e261–e263.
1689:
1683:
1682:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1608:. Archived from
1603:
1597:(October 2021).
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1525:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1471:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1353:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1010:
1004:
1003:
998:
987:
978:
977:
975:
949:
940:
939:
937:
935:
911:
905:
892:
886:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
842:
836:
835:
833:
823:
797:
786:
785:
752:(2): 1007–1023.
741:
735:
734:
724:
684:
673:
672:
645:
639:
638:
628:
610:
586:
580:
579:
577:
576:
561:
555:
554:
552:
550:
533:
524:
523:
496:
490:
489:
487:
486:
471:
330:Ecological grief
325:
307:
267:In the field of
254:Further research
158:climate migrants
21:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4416:
4414:
4397:
4344:
4335:Orbital forcing
4229:
4194:
4175:
4149:Paris Agreement
4127:
4123:Warming stripes
4062:
4028:Managed retreat
4023:Loss and damage
3984:
3918:Business action
3902:
3880:
3857:
3780:
3774:
3731:
3692:Climate finance
3637:
3616:
3548:
3411:
3387:Extinction risk
3363:Flora and fauna
3358:
3319:Permafrost thaw
3314:Ozone depletion
3243:Extreme weather
3197:
3180:
3107:
3088:
3025:
2990:
2973:
2940:
2929:
2924:
2873:
2868:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2322:10.5334/pb.1137
2302:
2301:
2297:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2141:Climate anxiety
2137:
2136:
2132:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1076:. Gallup, Inc.
1071:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1012:
1011:
1007:
996:
989:
988:
981:
951:
950:
943:
933:
931:
913:
912:
908:
893:
889:
883:Wayback Machine
874:
870:
860:
858:
844:
843:
839:
799:
798:
789:
746:Climatic Change
743:
742:
738:
693:Climatic Change
686:
685:
676:
669:
647:
646:
642:
588:
587:
583:
574:
572:
563:
562:
558:
548:
546:
535:
534:
527:
520:
498:
497:
493:
484:
482:
473:
472:
465:
461:
434:Nuclear anxiety
395:
389:(origin 2019).
383:Deep adaptation
379:stages of grief
359:
347:
338:
327:
316:William Shatner
313:
305:
302:
294:
285:
265:
256:
223:
192:
172:
153:
140:
110:
84:
43:climate-anxiety
28:
23:
22:
18:Climate anxiety
15:
12:
11:
5:
4503:
4501:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4449:
4437:
4425:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4288:Cloud feedback
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4146:
4144:Kyoto Protocol
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4096:Media coverage
4093:
4088:
4086:Climate spiral
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3975:Public opinion
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3925:
3923:Climate action
3920:
3914:
3912:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3835:REDD and REDD+
3832:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3812:Carbon farming
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3544:Water security
3541:
3539:Water scarcity
3536:
3534:Urban flooding
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Forest dieback
3389:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Sea level rise
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:stratification
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Carbon leakage
3064:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3006:Climate system
3002:
3000:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2927:Climate change
2925:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2872:
2871:External links
2869:
2867:
2866:
2847:
2821:
2797:
2773:
2748:
2723:
2698:
2673:
2648:
2594:
2543:
2532:(3): 223–231.
2512:
2470:(4): 275–281.
2448:
2425:
2383:
2346:
2315:(1): 123–135.
2295:
2258:
2212:
2199:
2172:
2147:
2130:
2115:
2097:
2062:(4): 892–919.
2044:
2032:
1972:
1947:
1898:
1869:
1815:
1784:
1733:
1684:
1649:(2): 414–420.
1626:
1586:
1555:
1491:
1434:
1408:
1365:
1322:
1269:
1212:
1155:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1083:
1064:
1040:
1027:(3): 219–229.
1005:
979:
941:
906:
887:
868:
837:
807:Sustainability
787:
736:
674:
667:
640:
581:
556:
525:
518:
491:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
426:
420:
414:
408:
402:
399:Climate change
394:
391:
374:support groups
358:
355:
346:
343:
337:
334:
296:
295:
293:
290:
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191:
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168:
163:New York Times
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109:
106:
92:Glenn Albrecht
83:
80:
64:Greta Thunberg
47:climate change
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4502:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
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4460:
4459:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Climate model
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4293:Cloud forcing
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
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4221:
4218:
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4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4186:
4172:
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4160:
4157:
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4152:
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4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
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4112:
4109:
4107:
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4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4068:Communication
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:Vulnerability
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:Flood control
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
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3936:
3935:
3934:
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3926:
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3921:
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3905:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3840:reforestation
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:afforestation
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Nuclear power
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:Carbon budget
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3492:Mental health
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3433:United States
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:deoxygenation
3285:
3283:
3282:acidification
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:from wetlands
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Deforestation
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2836:
2832:
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2822:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:Ecopsychology
2523:
2516:
2513:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2404:Global Future
2397:
2393:
2392:Rowenna Davis
2387:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
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2342:
2338:
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2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
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2306:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2186:The Ecologist
2182:
2176:
2173:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2143:
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2131:
2126:
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2112:
2108:
2101:
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2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1861:
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1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1805:on 2021-04-29
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1607:
1606:Global Future
1600:
1596:
1595:Rowenna Davis
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902:archive.today
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851:New Scientist
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595:Epidemiologia
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357:Organizations
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324:autobiography
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269:ecopsychology
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69:In 2018, the
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61:
56:
53:
48:
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40:
36:
32:
19:
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4444:
4432:
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4246:Carbon cycle
4203:Measurements
3898:Society and
3782:carbon sinks
3687:Climate debt
3677:Carbon price
3499:Human rights
3334:Season creep
3292:heat content
3218:Anoxic event
3131:James Hansen
2860:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:
2824:
2813:. Retrieved
2809:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:
2776:
2764:. Retrieved
2760:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2735:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:
2676:
2665:. Retrieved
2661:
2651:
2617:(15): 2662.
2614:
2610:
2560:
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2546:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2467:
2461:
2451:
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2402:
2386:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2232:
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2190:. Retrieved
2184:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2140:
2133:
2106:
2100:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2035:
1997:(1): 15–28.
1994:
1988:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1950:
1918:(1): 35–58.
1915:
1911:
1901:
1890:. Retrieved
1888:. 2022-08-09
1881:
1872:
1835:
1831:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1797:
1752:
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1736:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1646:
1642:
1617:. Retrieved
1610:the original
1605:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:The Observer
1571:
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3402:Marine life
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3042:Fossil fuel
2786:Waterspirit
2766:13 February
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2563:(4): 2461.
2252:1885/296923
2192:13 February
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