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167:, the force was transferred to the two wheels of an axle separately, with one wheel being firmly connected to the wheelset shaft and the other wheel being able to rotate loosely on a sleeve around the shaft. The idea of the differential transmissions was to reduce resistance on tight bends by allowing one wheel to turn with fewer revolutions than the one at the other end of the axle. The design did not prove workable, because when driving at the adhesion limit, less tractive effort could be exerted compared to locomotives with rigid wheelsets.
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123:. The first four Climax locomotives were built and delivered in 1888. The design patent was filed in February in the same year and granted in December. The invention was not patented in the name of Scott, as he had only a limited education, so he left the drawings to his brother-in-law George D. Gilbert, who was a civil engineer by profession and worked for Climax. Gilbert had the invention patented in his name without mentioning Scott.
279:-like bodywork built up above it to protect the crew and fuel from the elements—this could be more or less covering between locomotive to locomotive. The front half of the locomotive, in front of the engine unit, contained the boiler. In smaller examples this may have been a vertical boiler, while in larger ones a tee boiler was employed. Class A Climaxes were small locomotives, generally under 17 tons. Class A Climaxes, unlike
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longitudinal driveshaft in the middle; on early Class B Climaxes, the cylinders were horizontal and pointing forwards, while later ones had the cylinders angled upwards at about 30 degrees from horizontal. Class B Climaxes weighed approximately 17 tons at minimum to a maximum of approximately 60 tons.
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the Climax locomotives driven by a central shaft which took the power from the front axle of the locomotive via a hypoid bevel gear. For the first time, the design used closed axle drives with housings on one hand protecting the gear unit from and on the other hand also containing the gear lubricant.
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In 1893, Scott proposed a geared steam locomotive, in which the frame of the boiler was hinged to the frame of the tender. The running gear underneath the boiler was firmly connected to it and was driven by common lateral cylinders and side rods. Underneath the tender was a truck which was similar to
207:
Scott's patent showed the arrangement of the steam engine, boiler and two-speed gearbox in accordance with
Gilbert's patent while the drive without differential gearbox was described in accordance to Battles' patent. Scott's patent corresponds to the most common design of Class A Climax locomotives.
965:
of Climax CN 1551, as restored at Cass, West
Virginia, may be found here. Requires Adobe Acrobat or Acrobat Reader, as browser PDF previewers do not allow 3D features of the PDF file. The drawing may be zoomed, rotated, and parts hidden to reveal interior and otherwise concealed parts. The parts
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in hauling capability and stability, particularly in a smaller locomotive. This was due to its fully sprung truck arrangement; the Shay locomotive had no springs on the bogie on the drivetrain side and was therefore not fully able to compensate for twists in the track. The ride on the large class C
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Charles D. Scott, who had previously proposed a less successful geared steam locomotive, filed a lawsuit against
Gilbert and Battles and applied for a patent in his own name, which was granted to him on 20 December 1892 after a lengthy legal dispute. But the lawsuit left Scott penniless because he
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A further patent from 1891 describes a locomotive with horizontal cylinders connected to the drive shaft through a 2-speed transmission. Battles's patent describes the core design that became the Class B Climax, and his patent illustrations show the name Climax emblazoned on the locomotive cab.
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Introduced in 1893, the Climax Class B was looking more like a conventional steam locomotive. It had the cylinders on both side of the boiler, permitting it to be longer and larger than possible with the Class A arrangement. The two cylinders drove a transverse shaft that was geared to the
457:. No. 9 was built to a larger, 50-ton Class B design in 1915, and is Climax shop number 1359. Hillcrest Lumber Co. #10, the larger locomotive weighing 70 tons, is currently preserved at Mt. Rainier Scenic Railroad at Elbe, Washington. It is not currently operational and is awaiting work.
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A class C was a three-truck design, the additional powered truck being beneath a water-carrying tender articulated to the locomotive. This allowed the locomotive to operate for longer periods of time before needing to stop for water. All Class C locomotives had inclined cylinders.
462:
One Climax is located in
Roaring Camp And Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad, In Felton, California, USA. It is In pieces and as of 2017, its boiler and pistons are operation under its own steam, estimated full restoration in 5 – 10
418:
has a Climax on display in its own exhibit room inside the museum, with the locomotive sitting on a section of track. The museum is open from 14:00 to 16:00 on weekends from
Memorial Day to Labor Day, and admission is
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in the 3D PDF file are somewhat simplified, as
Acrobat has simplified the file for "printing". Drawing prepared from five years' work at Cass, West Virginia, documenting the locomotive in 3D
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to sell and maintain locomotives for west coast buyers. Production began in 1888 and the last Climax locomotive was produced in 1928. Between 1,000 and 1,100 were built.
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Only one Climax Class A locomotive survives today. It was located in Nome, Alaska before it was acquired 2019-2020, and is currently undergoing restoration in Corry, PA.
998:
482:
Fruit
Growers Supply Co. No. 3 is preserved on the grounds of the RailGiants Train Museum, located inside the Los Angeles County Fairgrounds in Pomona, California.
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of considerable mechanical ingenuity, Scott sought to bring an improved logging locomotive of his own design to market and brought the drawings to the nearby
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These featured a steam engine unit with two vertical cylinders mounted in the center of the locomotive. Class A Climaxes had a frame similar to a
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358:, and No. 1650, as of 2013 under restoration at Pukemiro. Hence, four of the seven Climax locos delivered to New Zealand have survived.
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Climax was characteristically rough for the crew, since the imbalance of the large drivetrain could only be compensated at one speed.
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Restoration of Climax No. 1551 by the
Mountain State Railroad & Logging Historical Association in Cass, West Virginia
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The invention of the Climax locomotive is attributed to
Charles D. Scott, who ran a forest railway near
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Approximately 17 Climax locomotives survive in North
America, of which about five are operational.
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Rush S. Battles patented the basic design of the drivetrain without the differential, using simple
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Truck with differential as proposed by Gilbert, which was only used on the first Climax locomotives
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Hillcrest Lumber Co. No. 9, preserved at the BC Forest Discovery Centre, Duncan, British Columbia
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design, there were no side rods on the trucks and all gearing was open, exposed to the elements.
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to the wheels was only used in the first Climax locomotives. In a similar way to that used in an
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in West Virginia is operational, used alongside the Shays to power the regular excursions up
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Fig. 1 of US Patent 455154 by Battles showing the prototype of the Class B Climax locomotive.
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Two survive in Australia: No. 1694, restored and operational since 8 September 2013, at the
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power, and some still exist in this form, using the original frame and drive mechanism.
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Co. No. 2 is a 25-ton Class B locomotive, and was built in 1910 as shop number 1057.
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to drive the wheelsets with normal fixed wheels. Unlike the later, somewhat similar
99:. Some 1,000-1,100 were built in three classes (A, B, and C) between 1888 and 1928.
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436:, which are also fully restored. The locomotives are not in operating condition.
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Fruit Growers Number 3, a Class C Climax locomotive on display at the
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880:"RailGiants Train Museum | Fruit Growers Supply (Sunkist) #3"
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234:. In addition, an agency and service facility was established in
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Gilbert's patent specified an upright maritime-type two-cylinder
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Two Climax locomotives are preserved in Canada, both at the
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located under the center of the boiler, which sent power to
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Some Climaxes, especially Class A, were later converted to
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836:"Restoration of Historic Locomotive Keeps Moving Forward"
473:
One Class B Climax is preserved on the grounds of the
711:. Tasmanian Transport Museum Society. Archived from
686:. Puffing Billy Preservation Society. Archived from
432:. It is displayed beside a Heisler locomotive and a
250:Many loggers considered the Climax superior to the
424:A restored Climax locomotive is on display at the
401:, is hauled by a Climax on its regular excursions.
540:George D.Gilbert, Propelling gear for tram cars,
388:uses Climax #6 as the primary or main locomotive.
632:"Locomotive for Tramways (U.S. Patent 488,484)"
617:"Locomotive for Tramways (U.S. Patent 452,124)"
263:Climaxes were built in three distinct classes:
87:. These had two steam cylinders attached to a
23:A small Class B Climax locomotive owned by the
53:Class B Climax locomotive Number 1694 at
776:"Our Trains: Shawnigan Lake Lumber Co. No. 2"
8:
684:"Climax Locomotive No. 1694 Recommissioning"
948:Geared Steam Locomotive Works' Climax pages
552:
550:
518:is based on the Climax Class C locomotive.
920:"Ferdinand - Character Profile & Bio"
755:"Durbin & Greenbrier Valley Railroad"
736:. Durbin & Greenbrier Valley Railroad
220:All Climax locomotives were built by the
204:could hardly benefit from the invention.
151:in the underframe passing just above the
806:"Our Trains: Hillcrest Lumber Co. No. 9"
354:, No. 1317, under static restoration at
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33:
18:
924:Thomas & Friends - Official Website
528:
999:Steam locomotives of the United States
644:Charles D. Scott, Tramway Locomotive,
630:Scott, Charles D. (20 December 1892).
536:
534:
532:
585:Battles, Rush S. (25 February 1890).
395:Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad
7:
580:
578:
159:for transferring the power from the
57:preparing for a charter tour on the
363:The Climax locomotive No. 9 at the
660:"History Of The Climax Locomotive"
602:"Locomotive (U.S. Patent 455,154)"
587:"Locomotive (U.S. Patent 421,894)"
559:"History Of The Climax Locomotive"
14:
615:Scott, Charles D. (12 May 1891).
600:Battles, Rush S. (30 June 1891).
342:Climaxes are No. 522, stored at
953:Ed Vasser on Climax locomotives
426:Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
414:The Corry Historical Museum in
378:White Mountain Central Railroad
365:Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
29:Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
16:Type of geared steam locomotive
895:"Surviving Climax Locomotives"
325:, and No. 1653, on display at
95:running to the front and rear
1:
393:The "Durbin Rocket", of the
222:Climax Manufacturing Company
117:Climax Manufacturing Company
75:Climax Manufacturing Company
287:, had two-speed gearboxes.
1015:
810:BC Forest Discovery Centre
780:BC Forest Discovery Centre
734:"Middle Fork Climax No. 9"
443:BC Forest Discovery Centre
109:Spartansburg, Pennsylvania
899:www.climaxlocomotives.com
508:In the television series
111:between 1875 and 1878. A
994:Geared steam locomotives
447:Duncan, British Columbia
348:Shantytown Heritage Park
103:Invention and production
984:Articulated locomotives
246:Operational reliability
227:Climax Locomotive Works
80:Climax Locomotive Works
71:geared steam locomotive
40:RailGiants Train Museum
410:
386:Lincoln, New Hampshire
346:, No. 1203, stored in
224:(later renamed to the
180:
155:centers. The patented
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77:(later renamed to the
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61:in Victoria, Australia
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31:
963:A 3D PDF illustration
901:. Frankfort, Kentucky
451:Shawnigan Lake Lumber
408:
399:Durbin, West Virginia
371:from May to November.
319:Puffing Billy Railway
178:
134:
59:Puffing Billy Railway
52:
37:
25:Oregon Lumber Company
22:
648:, September 5, 1893.
511:Thomas & Friends
145:2-speed transmission
989:Freight locomotives
850:"Train History Day"
816:on 6 September 2014
786:on 6 September 2014
757:. AmericanRails.com
646:U.S. Patent 504,541
542:U.S. Patent 393,896
514:, the character of
455:Hillcrest Lumber Co
416:Corry, Pennsylvania
232:Corry, Pennsylvania
121:Corry, Pennsylvania
85:Corry, Pennsylvania
854:Cradle of Forestry
709:"Exhibit - Climax"
664:Climax Locomotives
563:Climax Locomotives
544:, December 4, 1888
477:in North Carolina.
475:Cradle of Forestry
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185:hypoid bevel gears
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44:Pomona, California
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27:on display at the
67:Climax locomotive
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927:. Retrieved
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888:
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862:. Retrieved
858:the original
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814:the original
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784:the original
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759:. Retrieved
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738:. Retrieved
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713:the original
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692:. Retrieved
688:the original
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667:. Retrieved
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658:Vasser, Ed.
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380:located off
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275:with wooden
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199:Scott patent
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182:
157:differential
141:steam engine
138:
106:
89:transmission
78:
74:
66:
64:
820:5 September
790:5 September
487:Conversions
340:New Zealand
161:drive shaft
93:driveshafts
978:Categories
929:August 26,
905:2018-03-12
761:2019-11-16
740:2019-11-16
719:2015-10-08
694:2013-09-10
669:2018-03-12
568:2018-03-12
523:References
503:In fiction
356:Te Awamutu
240:Washington
216:Production
165:automobile
149:drivetrain
113:lumberjack
516:Ferdinand
430:Strasburg
352:Greymouth
309:Survivors
864:28 March
497:gasoline
344:Tokomaru
331:Tasmania
323:Belgrave
300:Class C
291:Class B
281:Heisler
273:flatcar
267:Class A
259:Classes
236:Seattle
189:Heisler
493:diesel
463:years.
327:Hobart
277:boxcar
230:), of
147:and a
97:trucks
83:), of
419:free.
350:near
321:, in
931:2017
866:2018
822:2014
792:2014
376:The
338:The
283:and
252:Shay
153:axle
143:, a
968:CAD
495:or
445:in
397:in
384:in
119:in
42:in
980::
922:.
897:.
852:.
808:.
778:.
662:.
577:^
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329:,
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