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had voted to proceed with the project over his opposition, he said "The Clinch River breeder reactor is a technological dinosaur. It's a waste of more than $ 1-1/2 billion of taxpayers' money. It's an assault on our attempts to control the spread of dangerous nuclear materials. It marches our nuclear
436:
One issue was the continuing escalation in the cost of the project. In 1971 the Atomic Energy
Commission estimated that the Clinch River project would cost about $ 400 million. Private industry promised to contribute the majority of the project cost ($ 257 million). By the following year, however,
466:
of similar capacity. That same year it was estimated that the market price of mined, processed uranium, then $ 25 per pound, would have to increase to nearly $ 165 per pound in 1981 dollars before the breeder would become financially competitive with the conventional light-water nuclear reactor.
502:
of a bill to authorize funding for the continuation of the project, Carter said it would be "large and unnecessarily expensive" and "when completed, would be technically obsolete and economically unsound." Furthermore, he said the project would have little value for determining the commercial
511:
policy in exactly the wrong direction. ... This is no time to change
America into a plutonium society." Instead of investing public resources in the breeder demonstration project, he urged attention to improving the safety of existing nuclear technology.
437:
projected costs had jumped to nearly $ 700 million. By 1981 $ 1 billion of public money had been spent on the project, and the estimated cost to completion had grown to $ 3.0-$ 3.2 billion, with another billion dollars needed for an associated spent
427:
established this technology as the nation’s highest priority research and development effort. However, the Clinch River project was controversial from the start, and economic and political considerations eventually led to its demise.
461:
Another issue was the high cost of building and operating breeder reactors to produce electricity. In 1981, it was estimated that construction costs for a fast breeder reactor would be twice the cost of building a conventional
523:
took office in 1981. In spite of growing opposition from
Congress and analysts inside and outside the government, ground was broken and construction began. The project was finally terminated when, on October 26, 1983, the
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and would have consisted of 108 assemblies. It would have been surrounded by the outer zone, which would have consisted of 90 assemblies of 24% plutonium to promote more uniform heat generation.
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506:
Congress persisted in keeping the Clinch River project alive over the
President's objections, and Carter repeatedly chastised Congress for its actions. In a speech in 1979, after the
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The reactor core was designed to contain 198 hexagonal fuel assemblies, arranged to form a cylindrical geometry with two enrichment zones. The inner core would have contained 18%
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The Clinch River
Breeder Reactor was initially conceived as a major step toward developing liquid-metal fast breeder reactor technology as a commercially viable
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The reactor would have been rated at 1000 megawatts (MW) of thermal output, with a net plant output of 350 MW (electrical) and a gross output of 380 MW.
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The primary (green) and secondary (gold) control rod systems would have provided overall plant shutdown reliability. Each system would have contained
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The active fuel would have been surrounded by a radial blanket consisting of 150 assemblies of similar, but not identical, design containing
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1975:
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Veto of
Department of Energy Authorization Bill Message to the Senate Returning S. 1811 Without Approval, November 5th, 1977
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Veto of
Department of Energy Authorization Bill Message to the Senate Returning S. 1811 Without Approval, November 5th, 1977
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289:. The project was first authorized in 1970. After initial appropriations were provided in 1972, work continued until the
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1980:
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President Carter was a consistent opponent of the Clinch River project. In
November 1977, in a statement explaining his
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The site for the Clinch River
Breeder Reactor was a 1,364-acre (6 km) land parcel owned by the TVA adjacent to the
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oxide; outside of the blanket would have been 324 radial shield assemblies of the same overall hexagonal geometry.
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facility. A Congressional committee investigation released in 1981 found evidence of contracting abuse, including
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Jimmy Carter, Public Works
Appropriations Bill Statement on Signing H.R. 7553 Into Law, August 8th, 1977
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were another serious issue for the commercial breeder reactor program, because this technology produces
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Comparative Analysis of Alternative Financing Plans for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project
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terminated funding on October 26, 1983. The project was seen to be "unnecessary and wasteful".
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CRBRP Reactor Vessel of the in the J-Frame That Will Be Used for Transporting and Erecting It
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Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Volumes 1 - 27.
353:, and would have been required to be fully withdrawn before startup could be initiated.
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Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Preliminary Safety Analysis Report Summary Volume
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Safety Related Criteria and Design Features in the Clinch River breeder Reactor Plant
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called for an indefinite deferral of construction of commercial breeder reactors.
384:
Prototype Primary System Sodium Pump, and Its Drive Motor, Ready for Water Testing
313:, but remote from the city's residential population. The site is now known as the
2554:
2201:
1791:
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491:. Because of international concern about proliferation, in April 1977 President
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A significant number of major reactor components were procured for the CRBRP.
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983:
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449:, that added to project costs. Before it was finally canceled in 1983, the
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Heat exchanger, control rods, sodium pumps were also built and in testing.
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33:
Artist's Concept of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant, Looking East.
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677:(Report). National Safety Information Center. p. 127. ORNL/NSIC-96
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28:
16:
Cancelled breeder reactor demonstration project in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project was revived after President
556:
Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant: final technical report. Volume 2
551:
Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant. Final technical report. Volume 1
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672:
Design Data and Safety Features of Commercial Nuclear Power Plants
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1998:
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and demonstration for building a class of such reactors, called
2504:
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873:
862:
Jimmy Carter - The President's News Conference of May 4th, 1979
546:
Breeder Basics. The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Project.
2082:
1946:
813:, The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #231, December 3, 1982
717:
L. E. Strawbridge (Westinghouse Advanced Reactors Division),
453:
of Congress estimated the total project cost at $ 8 billion.
376:
CRBRP Completed Reactor Closure Head Assembly Seen From Below
528:
voted 56-40 to deny any further financing for the project.
471:
were reluctant to invest in such an expensive technology.
792:
The American Breeder Reactor Program Gets a Second Chance
740:. US Government Printing Office. 1980-02-05. p. 414
613:. Breeder Reactor Corporation. January 1985. p. 1
607:
Final Report, The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project
503:
viability of breeder technology in the United States.
388:
By 1981, the following components were 100% complete:
2744:
Cancelled nuclear power stations in the United States
2724:
Buildings and structures in Roane County, Tennessee
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U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration
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1632:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
274:). The project was opposed by President Carter.
586:. Project Management Corporation. p. SVA-2
349:. The secondary rods were to be used only for
2335:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
885:
765:That Clinches It: The Breeder Reactor is Dead
713:
711:
709:
707:
8:
725:Fast Reactor Safety Meeting, April 2–4, 1974
696:Nuclear Power Reactor Details - Clinch River
825:Kurt Andersen, Gary Lee, and Peter Staler,
395:In- and ex-Containment sodium storage tanks
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685:– via Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
18:
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487:that potentially could be used to make
228:Related media on Commons
2262:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
786:
784:
782:
780:
573:
571:
508:House Science and Technology Committee
2267:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
420:system in the United States. In 1971
7:
2691:
248:Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project
22:Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project
2272:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
258:'s first large-scale demonstration
2729:United States Department of Energy
1232:Positron-emission tomography (PET)
700:International Atomic Energy Agency
283:Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors
114:United States Department of Energy
14:
1255:Neutron capture therapy of cancer
1154:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)
827:Clinch River: a Breeder for Baker
644:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
149:Westinghouse Electric Corporation
2690:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2355:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
800:, vol 2, no 2, summer/fall 1981.
254:project that aimed to build the
155:Thermal power station
130:Nuclear power station
27:
1444:Historical stockpiles and tests
2345:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
1227:Single-photon emission (SPECT)
670:Fred A Heddleson (June 1976).
639:Delivering the nuclear promise
412:Project economics and politics
398:Primary sodium overflow vessel
277:The project was intended as a
1:
2673:Nuclear technology portal
656:Congressional Budget Office,
481:nuclear weapons proliferation
475:Nuclear weapons proliferation
270:(ERDA), and subsequently the
266:(and a successor agency, the
264:U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
2535:Field-reversed configuration
2145:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
309:, inside the city limits of
2734:Unfinished nuclear reactors
2492:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
1439:States with nuclear weapons
515:Cancellation of the project
464:light-water nuclear reactor
2760:
2330:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
1454:Tests in the United States
469:electric utility companies
404:In-vessel transfer machine
124:Tennessee Valley Authority
2660:
2515:
2455:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
2350:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
2315:
2157:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
1687:
1672:
1659:
907:
479:Concerns about potential
451:General Accounting Office
439:nuclear fuel reprocessing
418:electric power generation
357:Procurement of components
315:Clinch River Nuclear Site
272:U.S. Department of Energy
262:plant. It was led by the
233:
196:
192:
38:
26:
2360:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
1976:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
1312:Electron-beam processing
723:American Nuclear Society
401:Thermal transient valves
2475:Organic nuclear reactor
1647:Nuclear power phase-out
1570:Nuclear decommissioning
1510:Reactor-grade plutonium
1260:Targeted alpha-particle
1139:Accidents and incidents
307:Roane County, Tennessee
210:Nameplate capacity
811:The Clinch River Folly
737:1981 DOE Authorization
385:
377:
369:
2739:Fast-neutron reactors
1637:Anti-nuclear movement
392:Ex-vessel sodium tank
383:
375:
367:
188:Power generation
180:Thermal capacity
145:Reactor supplier
86:35.89000°N 84.38250°W
2719:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
2545:Reversed field pinch
2340:Traveling-wave (TWR)
1824:Supercritical (SCWR)
1322:Gemstone irradiation
660:, September 20, 1983
311:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
201:Units cancelled
1710:Aqueous homogeneous
1505:Reprocessed uranium
1178:Safety and security
219:External links
170:Cooling source
91:35.89000; -84.38250
82: /
2624:Dense plasma focus
1539:Actinide chemistry
1004:Isotope separation
901:Nuclear technology
797:Los Alamos Science
774:, November 2, 1983
770:2007-09-28 at the
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1479:
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1466:Weapon-free zones
1293:
1292:
1285:Radiopharmacology
635:Peter A. Bradford
244:
243:
160:Primary fuel
135:Reactor type
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2694:
2693:
2682:
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2450:Helium gas (GFR)
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2079:
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1560:High-level (HLW)
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1317:Food irradiation
1307:Atomic gardening
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1183:Nuclear meltdown
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999:Fissile material
994:Fertile material
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833:, August 3, 1981
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457:Technology costs
285:(LMFBR), in the
237:edit on Wikidata
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1515:Minor actinide
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934:Atomic nucleus
931:
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535:External links
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467:United States
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321:Reactor design
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2370:Generation IV
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1622:Nuclear power
1620:
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1603:
1602:Transmutation
1600:
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1399:high-altitude
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1389:Proliferation
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1071:Cross section
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522:
521:Ronald Reagan
514:
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494:
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486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
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456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
432:Project costs
431:
429:
426:
425:Richard Nixon
423:
419:
411:
409:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
390:
389:
382:
374:
366:
362:
356:
354:
352:
348:
347:boron carbide
343:
341:
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333:
331:
326:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
294:
292:
291:U.S. Congress
288:
287:United States
284:
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265:
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100:
95:
67:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
46:United States
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2695:
2683:
2664:
2644:Pyroelectric
2598:Laser-driven
2378:Sodium (SFR)
2305:fast-neutron
2144:
1690:
1580:Reprocessing
1461:WMD treaties
1280:Radiosurgery
1250:Fast-neutron
1222:Scintigraphy
849:
838:
830:
805:
795:
742:. Retrieved
736:
730:
691:
679:. Retrieved
665:
652:
647:, June 2016.
642:
615:. Retrieved
606:
600:
588:. Retrieved
579:
530:
518:
505:
497:
493:Jimmy Carter
478:
460:
435:
415:
407:
387:
360:
344:
334:
327:
324:
303:Clinch River
300:
276:
247:
245:
174:Clinch River
2555:Stellarator
2519:confinement
2413:Superphénix
2240:Molten-salt
2192:VHTR (HTGR)
1969:HW BLWR 250
1935:R4 Marviken
1864:Pressurized
1834:Heavy water
1818:many others
1747:Pressurized
1702:Light water
1404:underground
1362:Disarmament
1270:Tomotherapy
1265:Proton-beam
1129:Power plant
1091:Temperature
924:Engineering
763:Nader.org,
526:U.S. Senate
120:Operator(s)
89: /
65:Coordinates
2713:Categories
2580:(acoustic)
2197:PBR (PBMR)
1585:Spent fuel
1575:Repository
1555:Fuel cycle
1522:Activation
1299:Processing
1166:Propulsion
1124:by country
1056:Activation
562:References
77:84°22′57″W
74:35°53′24″N
2550:Spheromak
2249:Fluorides
1913:IPHWR-700
1908:IPHWR-540
1903:IPHWR-220
1692:Moderator
1372:Explosion
1347:Arms race
1134:Economics
1086:Reflector
1081:Radiation
1076:Generator
1031:Plutonium
984:Deuterium
949:Radiation
919:Chemistry
681:April 28,
617:31 August
590:31 August
485:plutonium
330:plutonium
279:prototype
164:Plutonium
105:Cancelled
59:Tennessee
55:Oak Ridge
2685:Category
2639:Polywell
2570:Inertial
2527:Magnetic
2282:TMSR-LF1
2277:TMSR-500
2257:Fuji MSR
2217:THTR-300
2057:Graphite
1920:PHWR KWU
1886:ACR-1000
1814:IPWR-900
1797:ACPR1000
1792:HPR-1000
1782:CPR-1000
1757:APR-1400
1548:Disposal
1500:Actinide
1493:Products
1352:Delivery
1195:Medicine
1024:depleted
1019:enriched
989:Helium-3
954:ionizing
768:Archived
337:depleted
297:Location
110:Owner(s)
51:Location
2697:Commons
2608:Z-pinch
2578:Bubble
2560:Tokamak
2423:FBR-600
2403:CFR-600
2398:BN-1200
2064:coolant
1991:Organic
1876:CANDU 9
1873:CANDU 6
1841:coolant
1802:ACP1000
1777:CAP1400
1715:Boiling
1680:Fission
1527:Fission
1471:Weapons
1411:Warfare
1394:Testing
1384:History
1377:effects
1332:Weapons
1242:Therapy
1217:RadBall
1204:Imaging
1096:Thermal
1061:Capture
1048:Neutron
1036:Thorium
1014:Uranium
979:Tritium
959:braking
939:Fission
929:Physics
912:Science
443:bribery
340:uranium
224:Commons
43:Country
2508:Fusion
2468:Others
2408:Phénix
2393:BN-800
2388:BN-600
2383:BN-350
2212:HTR-PM
2207:HTR-10
2187:UHTREX
2152:Magnox
2147:(UNGG)
2040:Lucens
2035:KS 150
1772:ATMEA1
1752:AP1000
1735:Kerena
1615:Debate
1367:Ethics
1357:Design
1340:Topics
1171:rocket
1149:Fusion
1144:Policy
1106:Fusion
1066:Poison
944:Fusion
860:, and
744:28 May
250:was a
214:350 MW
183:975 MW
102:Status
2629:Migma
2617:Other
2586:Fusor
2485:Piqua
2480:Arbus
2438:PRISM
2180:MHR-T
2175:GTMHR
2105:EGP-6
2100:AMB-X
2075:Water
2020:HWGCR
1959:HWLWR
1898:IPHWR
1869:CANDU
1730:ESBWR
1485:Waste
1449:Tests
1432:Lists
1416:Yield
1159:MMRTG
1116:Power
675:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
584:(PDF)
447:fraud
351:SCRAM
235:[
2445:Lead
2428:CEFR
2418:PFBR
2300:None
2110:RBMK
2095:AM-1
2025:EL-4
1999:WR-1
1981:AHWR
1925:MZFR
1893:CVTR
1882:AFCR
1809:VVER
1767:APWR
1762:APR+
1725:ABWR
1595:cask
1590:pool
1532:LLFP
1421:TNTe
1101:Fast
971:Fuel
831:Time
746:2024
683:2018
619:2023
592:2023
500:veto
445:and
246:The
2517:by
2433:PFR
2224:PMR
2202:AVR
2124:Gas
2062:by
2030:KKN
1964:ATR
1879:EC6
1839:by
1787:EPR
1720:BWR
305:in
256:USA
139:SFR
2715::
2167:He
2133:CO
2009:CO
1930:R3
856:,
829:,
818:^
794:,
779:^
754:^
706:^
698:,
641:,
637:.
627:^
570:^
317:.
57:,
2307:)
2303:(
2135:2
2087:O
2085:2
2083:H
2011:2
1951:O
1949:2
1947:H
1856:O
1854:2
1852:D
893:e
886:t
879:v
748:.
621:.
594:.
239:]
204:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
