33:
46:
303:. Its form varies according to the nature of the surface on which it grows. In limestone and other calcareous substrates it excavates channels and chambers while on other types of rock it encrusts the surface or forms massive structures. It is native to the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
322:(exhalent openings) and ostioles (inhalent pores) projecting. The osculi are a few millimetres wide and are yellowish-green or light brown with pale rims. The ostioles are grouped together on flat-topped, sieve-like protuberances which may be white, yellow or brownish-green. The colour is due to the
326:
which are present in the tissues. The exterior appearance of this sponge in its later growth stages is a smooth mosaic-like surface composed of a firm, tough material. Beneath this surface are galleries excavated by the sponge which are up to 2.5 mm (0.1 in) in diameter. The whole sponge
354:. It has also been reported from the Caribbean Sea but this may have been a misidentification. It is found in shallow water and at depths down to about 367 metres (1,204 ft), in well-lit areas and in semi-dark cave entrances.
470:
van Soest, Rob (2013). Van Soest RW, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JN, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, de Glasby BA, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schoenberg C, Janussen D, Tabachnick KR, Klautau M, Picton B, Kelly M, Vacelet J (eds.).
416:
and other micro-organisms. During the passage of the water through the sponge, oxygen diffuses into the tissues and waste products diffuse out. The water is then expelled through the osculi.
800:
398:). In its encrusting and massive stages it can grow over silicaceous rocks into which it is unable to bore. Although the tissues normally contain zooxanthellae, a
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442:
and have limited dispersal ability. When they settle on the seabed they develop into juvenile sponges in about two weeks. Zooxanthellae are already present at
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911:
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are fertilised internally, sperm being drawn into the interior of the sponge with the incoming water flow. The eggs are then ejected into the
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Rosell, D.; Uriz, M. J. (1992). "Do associated zooxanthellae and the nature of the substratum affect survival, attachment and growth of
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maintains a current of water through its structure. It draws water in through its ostioles and filters out food particles such as
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45:
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bloom was observed to take place in June during a study undertaken in the
Mediterranean. The larvae are
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via the outgoing water stream. There is some degree of synchronisation of the reproductive process as a
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in some parts of its range. It is less frequently found in deeper water and there it largely grows on
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883:
472:
32:
739:
359:
315:
870:
566:
Hartman, Willard D. (1957). "Ecological Niche
Differentiation in the Boring Sponges (Clionidae)".
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needs a calcified substrate on which to grow and into which it can bore. This can be
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Mariani, S.; Uriz, M.-J.; Turon, X. (2000). "Larval bloom of the oviparous sponge
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343:
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318:, the mass of the sponge is largely unseen beneath the surface with just the
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405:, the sponge is not reliant on this and can grow in total darkness.
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may be a globose structure some 15 cm (6 in) in diameter.
435:
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446:, having probably been transmitted during maturation of the
672:: coupling of larval abundance and adult distribution".
608:(Porifera: Hadromerida)? An experimental approach".
708:
636:
635:Ruppert, E. E.; Fox, R. S.; Barnes, R. D. (2004).
507:Lamare, Véronique; Vacelet, Jean (2013-04-23).
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314:is an excavating sponge and on calcareous
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20:
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643:(7 ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp.
548:. Marine Species Identification Portal
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338:is found in the East Atlantic, the
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362:species of sponge in the shallow
485:World Register of Marine Species
44:
912:Fauna of the Mediterranean Sea
378:In the first stage of growth,
358:is a common sponge and is the
1:
917:Fauna of the Atlantic Ocean
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546:Sponges of the NE Atlantic
922:Fauna of the Indian Ocean
907:Animals described in 1862
168:
161:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
481:World Porifera database
284:, commonly called the
686:10.1007/s002270000400
426:, that is to say the
209:Osculina polystomella
639:Invertebrate Zoology
408:Like other sponges,
390:such as that of the
286:green boring sponge
249:Tapiliata nigricans
225:Papillina nigricans
622:10.1007/BF00350042
344:Cape Verde Islands
241:Taguilla nigricans
217:Papillella suberea
201:Cliona tremitensis
894:
893:
853:Open Tree of Life
702:Taxon identifiers
348:Mediterranean Sea
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276:
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257:Tapiliata suberea
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233:Papillina suberea
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16:Species of sponge
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680:(5–6): 783–790.
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513:(Schmidt, 1862)"
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477:(Schmidt, 1862)"
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364:sublittoral zone
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185:Cliona nigricans
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368:coralline algae
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260:(Schmidt, 1862)
252:(Schmidt, 1862)
244:(Schmidt, 1862)
220:(Schmidt, 1862)
196:(Schmidt, 1862)
188:(Schmidt, 1862)
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156:(Schmidt, 1862)
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132:C. viridis
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740:Cliona viridis
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710:Cliona viridis
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674:Marine Biology
670:Cliona viridis
660:
653:
627:
616:(3): 503–507.
610:Marine Biology
606:Cliona viridis
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574:(3): 294–297.
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540:Cliona viridis
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511:Cliona viridis
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475:Cliona viridis
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420:Cliona viridis
410:Cliona viridis
400:photosynthetic
380:Cliona viridis
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356:Cliona viridis
336:Cliona viridis
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312:Cliona viridis
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281:Cliona viridis
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193:Cliona suberea
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177:Cliona copiosa
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396:Ostrea edulis
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392:edible oyster
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388:mollusc shell
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550:. Retrieved
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521:. Retrieved
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488:. Retrieved
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432:water column
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352:Indian Ocean
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331:Distribution
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88:Demospongiae
24:
18:
927:Hadromerida
866:SeaLifeBase
788:iNaturalist
734:Wikispecies
519:(in French)
307:Description
901:Categories
552:2013-11-23
523:2013-11-23
490:2013-11-23
454:References
440:planktonic
316:substrates
301:Clionaidae
294:demosponge
204:Sarà, 1961
180:Sarà, 1959
108:Clionaidae
568:Evolution
424:oviparous
384:limestone
126:Species:
98:Clionaida
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
806:11364808
725:Q2979374
719:Wikidata
414:bacteria
403:symbiont
360:dominant
350:and the
163:Synonyms
104:Family:
78:Porifera
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
780:5183653
588:2405792
448:oocytes
374:Biology
296:in the
290:species
288:, is a
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
884:134146
871:130032
858:336986
845:134146
832:828828
793:363860
651:
586:
436:larval
346:, the
342:, the
340:Azores
320:osculi
298:family
119:Cliona
879:WoRMS
819:76786
801:IRMNG
767:54146
762:EUNIS
645:76–97
584:JSTOR
517:DORIS
386:or a
840:OBIS
814:NCBI
775:GBIF
754:W7KJ
649:ISBN
428:eggs
171:List
749:CoL
682:doi
678:137
618:doi
614:114
576:doi
422:is
292:of
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394:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
