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full height to 96 feet 9 inches (29.49 m). The structures are substantially similar, but mirror images of each other. The positions of interior beams were largely determined by available openings in the wooden headframes being built around. Work continued from July into
December 1919.
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The company immediately began building the new headframes around the old wooden ones. The new headframes were of reinforced concrete, with an interior measurement of 33 feet (10 m) square at the base, eventually tapering to 21 feet (6.4 m) square at the top. A pyramidal roof brought the
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In 1919, Cliffs Shaft engineers determined that the two wooden headframes atop their A and B shafts were deteriorating and would soon be unsafe. When Cliffs Shaft engineers presented company president
William G. Mather with proposals to update the headframes, Mather suggested that, because of the
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Visitors can see mining artifacts, photographs and equipment, as well as a chemical lab, blasting items, and the engine house with its air compressor room. Tours are available. The museum also displays the mineral collections of the
Ishpeming Rock and Mineral Club. The shaft site and museum are
347:. They obtained property in Marquette County and opened their first mine, the Barnum Mine, in 1867. Two shaft, the "A" and "B" were sunk. The company obtained three more mine pits by 1870. In 1877, Iron Cliffs began exploratory drilling on this site overlooking Ishpeming. Drilling uncovered
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Underground, the Cliffs Shaft Mine was one of the largest iron mines in
Michigan, containing 65 miles (105 km) of tunnels running to depths of 1,358 feet (414 m). It continues to be one of the best-preserved examples of underground mining in the
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in 1992. It is commemorated by a
Michigan Historical Marker In 1998, the former owners of the mine donated the majority of the property of the Cliffs Shaft mine to the nonprofit group so that a museum could be created there. The museum opened in 1999.
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as president of the merged company. A new dry was built after a disastrous fire in 1901. The original timber headframes over the A and B shafts were replaced with concrete headframes in 1919; a larger modern "C" shaft and headframe was built in 1955.
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In 1888, the name was changed from "New Barnum" to the "Cliffs Shaft." However, more changes were afoot: in 1891, the assets of the Iron Cliffs
Company were merged with that of other iron companies in the area, including the
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The site also includes the single-story stone boiler house and engine house (1880), the single-story brick dry house (1901–02), a laboratory (c. 1917), a brick blacksmith shop, and the brick mine office building.
375:, and shipped ore every year but one from 1887 until its eventual close. Mining at this site continued until 1967, marking the end of underground iron mining in the area.
906:
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351:, and in 1879 the company opened the Cliffs Shaft, then known as the "New Barnum". A new boiler house and engine house were built on the site in the early 1880s.
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The two 1919 headframes, mirror images of each other, are unusual as a collaboration between mining engineers and a professional architect.
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The third headframe was built in 1955 of concrete with metal facing. It was the first Koep Hoist built in the
Western Hemisphere.
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architect from
Chicago's Condron Company, to design the new headframes. Maher came up with a distinctive obelisk-shaped,
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is a former iron mine, now a heritage museum, located on Euclid Street between
Lakeshore Drive and Spruce Street in
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prominence of their location, the headframes combine practicality with architectural beauty. The company retained
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327:. The museum, operated by "Marquette Range Iron Mining Heritage Theme Park Inc.", celebrates the history of the
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477:, a 47-mile (76 km) bicycle and hiking trail that covers much of the length of the Marquette Iron Range.
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776:(Michigan Historical Marker). Ishpeming: Michigan Historical Commission. S0398. Archived from
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Industrial buildings and structures on the
National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
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331:. The site was designated a state of Michigan historic site in 1973 and placed on the
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The Iron Cliffs Company was established in 1865 by a group of New Yorkers including
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835:. Vol. 22. Lake Superior State Mining Institute. pp. 124–134 – via
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Hunts' Guide to Michigan's Upper Peninsula - Visitors information about the mine
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James D. Schuster - Marquette Range Iron Mining Heritage Theme Park Inc.
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Above ground, the Cliffs Shaft site covers 15 acres and includes three
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National Register of Historic Places in Marquette County, Michigan
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675:. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from
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The mine was at one time the nation's largest producer of
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Proceedings of the Lake Superior Institute Annual Meeting
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Michigan State Historic Preservation Office (n.d.).
718:. Michigan Technological University. Archived from
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866:Cliff’s Shaft Mining Museum - Remnants of history
787:– via Michigan Historical Marker Web Site.
378:The Cliffs Shaft mine complex was listed on the
809:. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey.
19:This article is about the former iron mine in
8:
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829:"Building Reinforced-Concrete Shaft Houses"
562:National Register of Historic Places portal
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877:info about George W. Maher, the architect
827:Hayden, J. Ellzey; Eaton, Lucien (1922).
709:"Cliffs Shaft Mine 1867–1967 (100 Years)"
516:Former CCI central office, now demolished
209:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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798:United States Geological Survey (1999).
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481:Structures on the Cliff Shafts Mine site
864:Marquette Mining Journal (2 May 2008):
770:Michigan Historical Commission (1973).
747:. abouthegreatlakes.com. Archived from
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600:Iron Mountain Central Historic District
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907:Industrial buildings completed in 1880
902:Underground mines in the United States
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623:"National Register Information System"
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912:Museums in Marquette County, Michigan
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628:National Register of Historic Places
380:National Register of Historic Places
359:and the Cleveland Mine, to form the
333:National Register of Historic Places
800:"The Mineral Industry of Michigan"
575:Soudan Underground Mine State Park
528:Museum, with 1919 headframe behind
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16:Museum in Michigan, United States
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492:Koep Hoist headframe, built 1955
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23:. For the former copper mine in
937:1868 establishments in Michigan
892:Iron mines in the United States
716:SS3230: Archaeology of Industry
707:Schuster, James (May 8, 2002).
398:, c. 1919 just after completion
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361:Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company
917:Industry museums in Michigan
227:Michigan State Historic Site
590:Vermilion Range (Minnesota)
430:design for the headframes.
406:and eight other buildings.
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922:Mining museums in Michigan
21:Marquette County, Michigan
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872:Local page about the mine
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265:NRHP reference
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25:Keweenaw County, Michigan
745:"Cleveland Iron Company"
321:Cliffs Shaft Mine Museum
254:Architectural style
475:Iron Ore Heritage Trail
420:George Washington Maher
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218:U.S. Historic district
725:on September 27, 2011
673:Historic Sites Online
633:National Park Service
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146:46.49111°N 87.67528°W
751:on September 7, 2011
462:Marquette Iron Range
329:Marquette Iron Range
291:Designated MSHS
86:Location in Michigan
669:"Cliffs Shaft Mine"
325:Ishpeming, Michigan
151:46.49111; -87.67528
142: /
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897:Mines in Michigan
807:Minerals Yearbook
773:Cliffs Shaft Mine
635:. March 13, 2009.
365:William G. Mather
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278:Significant dates
201:Cliffs Shaft Mine
80:Cliffs Shaft Mine
35:Cliffs Shaft Mine
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446:Other structures
428:Egyptian Revival
345:Samuel J. Tilden
312:Cleveland Cliffs
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259:Egyptian Revival
257:Exotic Revival,
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848:External links
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837:Google Books
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782:. Retrieved
778:the original
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753:. Retrieved
749:the original
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727:. Retrieved
720:the original
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681:. Retrieved
677:the original
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585:Cuyuna Range
570:Mesabi Range
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357:Jackson Mine
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50:, built 1919
455:Underground
387:Description
149: /
125:Coordinates
886:Categories
784:2006-08-30
606:References
404:headframes
241:1880, 1919
162:Production
137:87°40′31″W
134:46°29′28″N
29:Cliff mine
683:March 13,
504:Buildings
396:Headframe
335:in 1992.
246:Architect
99:Ishpeming
48:headframe
755:July 18,
729:July 22,
534:See also
373:hematite
349:iron ore
272:92000832
167:Products
109:Michigan
95:Location
56:Location
363:, with
339:History
308:Company
175:History
115:Country
468:Museum
188:Closed
180:Opened
27:, see
803:(PDF)
723:(PDF)
712:(PDF)
303:Owner
238:Built
191:1967
105:State
757:2011
731:2011
685:2010
422:, a
319:The
183:1868
170:Iron
46:Old
267:No.
888::
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614:^
464:.
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687:.
31:.
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