1141:, such that she was 'coming out' into society. In past times, the word 'closet' meant 'bedroom,' so one's sexuality was not shown beyond there. Later in the 1960s, the metaphor of a 'skeleton in the closet', which meant to hide a secret due to taboos or social stigmas, was also used in reference to a gender identity or sexuality that one may not wish to disclose. As such, to reveal one's LGBTQ+ identity that was previously hidden or kept secret was to allow a skeleton to come out of the closet.
1288:
desire to keep their parents from the stigma of having an LGBTQ+ family member as reasons for staying closeted. Wang also notes that unmarried men in Taiwan tended to live with their parents, such that older closeted men may arouse suspicion for not having married, causing them to compensate by emotionally or spatially distancing themselves from the household, or otherwise act in certain ways to raise or lower the expectations one's family may have for them.
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individual a layer of protection against ridicule and bullying ; however, to remain in the closet typically takes a toll on the mental health of the individual, especially in the adolescent years as reflected in suicide rates among LGBTQ youths. Being closeted can also have different effects on the mental health on men and women. In a study done by John E. Pachankis from Yale
University and Susan D. Cochran and
4804:
1042:
1358:. The closet narrative set up an implicit dualism between being "in" or being "out." Those who were "in" are often stigmatized as living false unhappy lives. However, there are numerous social, economic, familial, and personal repercussions that may lead to someone remaining, whether consciously or unconsciously, "in" the closet. For example, the
1378:
or publicly dating a person of the opposite sex) that were historically used by members of the LGBTQ+ community to hide their gender or sexuality, but have not formally disclosed their sexual orientation to the public. Lavender marriages had occurred throughout
Hollywood to advance and maintain one's
1229:
is separated into distinct categories of "declaration" and "disclosure". Before occupying a different gender role, the act of coming out of the closet is one where a person declares a different gender identity than what they are perceived as. After taking up the gender role, this person is disclosing
1395:
from the
University of California, it was found that women who were closeted were twice as likely to report depressive episodes than women who were out. Comparatively it was found that men who were in the closet were less likely to report a depressive episode than those out of the closet. Along with
1390:
Recent attention to bullying of LGBTQ youth and teens in the United States also gives an indication that many youth and teens remain closeted throughout their educational years and beyond for fear of disapproval from parents, friends, teachers and community members. To remain in the closet offers an
1202:
for an LGBTQ+ person to come out of the closet. Rasmussen further notes that there are several factors that may dictate someone's choice to remain closeted, such as ethnic or religious background, or financial dependence on family or peers that may be jeopardized if that person chooses to come out.
1201:
Alternatively, Mary Lou
Rasmussen argues that there exists a 'coming out imperative', where the dominant LGBTQ+ narrative offers no moral alternative to coming out, relegating the closet to "a zone of shame and exclusion". This may suggest that in the modern day, there is pressure or an expectation
1334:
is at times associated with migration from a rural, conservative area to a progressive urban one. Lewis argues that queer migration is not usually an escape from intolerance of LGBTQ+ identities, but instead driven by a desire to escape shifts in previous social networks and relationships that had
1287:
Frank T. Y. Wang argues that among gay or bisexual
Taiwanese men, the societal importance of a family or household unit is the primary reason why one may choose to remain closeted. Participants of the study often cited their family's conservatism, fear of disappointment or emotional distress, or a
1366:, forcing employees who wished to retain their jobs to remain closeted. Sometimes, people have remained in the closet because they themselves have had difficulty understanding or accepting their sexuality. The decision to come out or remain in the closet is considered a deeply-personal one, and
1278:
to be extremely difficult, claiming that due to the cultural and emotional importance of the home, the emotional honesty expressed within a household may create a "locus of homophobia" that would reinforce one's desire to remain closeted. Overall, a study in 2017 found that among members of the
1136:
D. Travers Scott claims that the phrase 'coming out of the closet', along with its derivative meanings of 'coming out' and 'closeted', has its origins in two different metaphors. 'Coming out' was first a phrase used in the early 20th century in reference to a young woman attending a
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In the 21st century, the related concept of a "glass closet" emerged in LGBT discourse. The term describes public figures, such as entertainers or politicians, who are out of the closet in their personal lives and do not engage in the tactics (such as entering a
2553:
1205:
Scholars also noted that people of different genders and sexual orientations often faced different experiences and stigmas, resulting in varied rates of being closeted among LGBTQ+ people of different identities. One 2015 study found that
1257:
A 2016 survey found that 85% of LGBT people have not told anyone about their sexual orientation and 95% have not revealed it outside their family. A study in 2015 described homosexuality as "not socially accepted in China", noting that
1197:, people find new walls springing up around them even as they drowse: every encounter with a new classful of students, to say nothing of a new boss, social worker, loan officer, landlord, doctor, erects new closets.
1387:. Closeting is seen not only in celebrities but also in the media that is produced. Popular television shows use metaphors to show closeting that differ based on how they relate to society at a given time.
1129:
entered a heterosexual marriage with a woman in 1905, and had six children, but discussed his attraction to men in his private diary, which by contemporary terms would have designated him a closeted
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that they had previously identified with and fulfilled a different one. Zimman found that declaration of one's gender identity happened more often than disclosure of a past gender role.
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627:
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Japanese LGBTQ+ community, coming out of the closet was generally considered desirable, but the process may be complicated by patriarchal or heteronormative ideals held by society.
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with heterosexual or lesbian women, and that nondisclosure of sexuality may stem from opposition from a heterosexual spouse in addition to societal stigmas against homosexuality.
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3009:
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In the United States, 4% of gay and lesbian people and 26% of bisexual people are not "out" to at least one of the important people in their lives. A 2018 report by the
1396:
effects on the mental and physical health of those who remain in the closet, it also impacts the cost of health care and the public awareness of the LGBTQ community.
4047:
1300:, 30% of LGBT people in the EU are very rarely or almost never open; the highest percentages are Lithuania (60%), Bulgaria (54%) and Romania and Serbia (both 53%).
2376:
1399:
However, Seidman, Meeks and
Traschen (1999) argue that "the closet" may be becoming an antiquated metaphor in the lives of modern-day Americans for two reasons.
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1466:
center on two men who briefly enter a homosexual relationship, but proceed to enter heterosexual relationships and conceal their homosexuality from their peers.
676:
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One linguistic study suggests that the transgender community may use different vocabulary to refer to the disclosure status of one's gender identity, such as "
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Seidman, Steven, Meeks, Chet and
Traschen, Francie (1999), "Beyond the Closet? The Changing Social Meaning of Homosexuality in the United States."
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1069:
669:
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1171:, in which he explored the harm caused both to a closeted person and to society in general by being closeted. The closet is difficult for any
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Nondisclosure of one's sexual orientation or gender identity preceded the use of 'closet' as a term for the act. For example, the writer
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4172:
4158:
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This article is about the term describing nondisclosure of sexual behavior, sexual orientation or gender identity. For other uses, see
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A 2019 study of LGBTQIA+ individuals found that 94.8% were closeted in North Africa and 89.5% were closeted in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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1825:"How many sexual minorities are hidden? Projecting the size of the global closet with implications for policy and public health"
1615:"How many sexual minorities are hidden? Projecting the size of the global closet with implications for policy and public health"
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Homosexuality is becoming increasingly normalized and the shame and secrecy often associated with it appear to be in decline.
1309:
850:
711:
462:
147:
35:
2567:
Kennedy, Elizabeth. "'But We Would Never Talk about It': The
Structure of Lesbian Discretion in South Dakota, 1928-1933" in
2521:"The 'Global Closet' is HugeâVast Majority of World's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Population Hide Orientation, YSPH Study Finds"
1918:"Non-disclosure of Sexual Orientation to Parents Associated with Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual MSM in China"
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1763:"Reasons for Non-Disclosure of Sexual Orientation Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men: Non-Disclosure as Stigma Management"
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1503:(2001) is a Hong Kong-Mainland Chinese film where the protagonist enters a relationship with a closeted businessman.
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led to the implementation of
Executive Order 10450 in 1953, which banned all gays and lesbians from working in the
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318:
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2404:"Everyone has a secret: Closeting and secrecy from Smallville to The Flash, and from shame to algorithmic risk"
895:
890:
651:
346:
303:
1117:, the act of revealing one's sexuality or gender to others, to create the phrase "coming out of the closet".
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3157:
2738:
646:
47:
31:
2238:
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3104:
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351:
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4195:
4180:
4113:
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3617:
3613:
3315:
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3014:
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2178:"Bisexual adults are far less likely than gay men and lesbians to be 'out' to the people in their lives"
1363:
1344:
1239:
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1110:
603:
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career and since the early 20th century. Examples of celebrities who were in the glass closet include
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In late-20th-century
America, the closet had become a central metaphor for grasping the history and
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4190:
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2325:
1024:
764:
386:
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The majority of Middle Eastern countries have very harsh laws against LGBT rights, with some even
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4677:
4562:
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4379:
4364:
4344:
4263:
3603:
3485:
3422:
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2903:
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2425:
2060:
2005:
1953:
1743:
1735:
1550:
1459:
1263:
1098:
984:
870:
598:
119:
3172:
2473:"The Mental Health of Sexual Minority Adults In and Out of the Closet:A Population-Based Study"
1179:
identified person to fully come "out" of, whether or not that person desires to do so. Scholar
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2579:
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2159:
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2044:
1997:
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1937:
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1800:
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1542:
1407:
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641:
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506:
361:
209:
1410:
is a way of life. However, stigma management may actually be increasingly done situationally.
1322:
gay men. A 2019 study found that 94.8% of LGBT individuals in the Middle East were closeted.
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2813:
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2415:
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1987:
1929:
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1844:
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1719:
1644:
1634:
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1534:
1172:
979:
974:
855:
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726:
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204:
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estimated that 83% of LGBT people around the world do not reveal their sexual orientation.
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3657:
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3526:
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1214:, due to the possibility of negative reactions from heterosexual partners, in addition to
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1473:, concerns a closeted gay man and his sister who both harbor feelings for the same man.
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Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890â1940
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17:
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The Human Rights Campaign is the leading agency of the National Coming Out Project
2352:"Colton Haynes, Once Told To Stay In The Closet, Returns With A Sparkling Outlook"
1992:
1975:
1957:
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528:
1849:
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A 2019 study found that 35.4% of LGB individuals in Latin America were closeted.
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2326:"When Hollywood Studios Married Off Gay Stars to Keep Their Sexuality a Secret"
2148:"Beyond Binary Places: The Social and Spatial Dynamics of Coming Out in Canada"
1723:
1193:...the deadly elasticity of heterosexist presumption means that, like Wendy in
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2040:
1933:
1778:
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865:
521:
408:
391:
261:
135:
27:
LGBT people who have not disclosed their sexual orientation or gender identity
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2403:
2163:
2048:
2001:
1941:
1916:
Zhao, Ye; Ma, Ying; Chen, Ren; Li, Feng; Qin, Xia; Hu, Zhi (1 January 2016).
1858:
1786:
1731:
1596:
1546:
1488:(2018) center on a closeted teenage boy who faces the prospect of coming out.
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4011:
3889:
3662:
3337:
3285:
3275:
2928:
2758:
2024:
1917:
1762:
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1194:
1176:
912:
486:
241:
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2444:"Generation Q Pride Store brought to you by LAMBDA GLBT Community Services"
2056:
1949:
1876:
1804:
1761:
Schrimshaw, Eric W.; Downing, Martin J.; Cohn, Daniel J. (1 January 2018).
1658:
2443:
1449:, refers to himself as " I, the Old Woman who lives in the closet," (138).
4652:
3732:
3352:
2967:
2678:
FBI to investigate if Orlando gunman's sexuality was a motive in shooting
1588:
1347:
found that 46% of LGBT American workers are closeted at their workplace.
776:
199:
2377:"'I was told my career would collapse if I came out,' says Ricky Martin"
1041:
3568:
3558:
3427:
3300:
3109:
2891:
2718:
2714:
2488:
1739:
1707:
1463:
1211:
92:
87:
2571:, ed. Ellen Lewin (1996). Boston: Beacon Press. Cited in Seidman 2003.
1976:"Coming Out of the Closet in Japan: An Exploratory Sociological Study"
4068:
3792:
3667:
3543:
3462:
3320:
3119:
3114:
2023:
Wang, Frank T. Y.; Bih, Herng-Dar; Brennan, David J. (1 April 2009).
1367:
796:
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3369:
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3359:
2734:
2730:
214:
107:
55:
2096:
3758:
3447:
2204:"Report Reveals Half of LGBTQ Employees Remain Closeted at Work"
2025:"Have they really come out: gay men and their parents in Taiwan"
1094:
4508:
4402:
4154:
3827:
3235:
2845:
2749:
2687:
3553:
3305:
1892:"Only 5% of China's LGBT citizens have come out of the closet"
1225:
people, coming before and after taking up their corresponding
631:
2663:
Empty Closets - Coming Out Resources and a Safe Place to Chat
2576:
Beyond the Closet; The Transformation of Gay and Lesbian Life
2266:"The Closet: Psychological Issues of Being In and Coming Out"
2662:
1113:. This metaphor is associated and sometimes combined with
1330:
Some scholars criticize that coming out of the closet in
1439:
Dr. Matthew O'Connor, a gay character in the 1936 novel
2152:
ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies
1823:
Pachankis, John E.; BrÀnström, Richard (13 June 2019).
1406:
The metaphor of the closet hinges upon the notion that
1671:
re-released in 2003 by University of Wisconsin Press,
2672:
2078:
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2020).
1527:
Annals of the International Communication Association
1274:
Some scholars and activists consider the process of
4723:
4625:
4533:
4335:
4214:
4171:
4092:
3975:
3946:
3905:
3840:
3630:
3484:
3475:
3383:
3262:
3138:
3095:
1523:"'Coming out of the closet' â examining a metaphor"
2081:EU LGBTI II: A long way to go for LGBTI equality
2562:Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places.
2557:. New York: Basic Books. Cited in Seidman 2003.
2121:"LGBTQ communities face threats in Middle East"
1191:
4705:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
4134:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
2699:
2668:The Human Rights Campaign's Coming Out Guides
2477:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
1063:
677:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
8:
3778:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
2089:European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
1298:European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
4492:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
4007:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
1189:, discusses the difficulty with the closet:
4758:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
4530:
4505:
4399:
4168:
4151:
3997:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
3837:
3824:
3481:
3268:
3259:
3232:
2864:
2842:
2746:
2706:
2692:
2684:
1370:remains controversial in today's culture.
1070:
1056:
279:
42:
4048:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
3880:History of Christianity and homosexuality
2496:
2419:
1991:
1866:
1848:
1794:
1648:
1638:
4690:Discrimination against non-binary people
2239:""These People Are Frightened to Death""
3855:History of gay men in the United States
1513:
1354:of gay life, along with the concept of
1221:A study by Lal Zimman noted that among
332:
282:
54:
4206:List of LGBT rights articles by region
2466:
2464:
990:LGBT conservatism in the United States
2569:Inventing Lesbian Cultures in America
2293:
2291:
2264:Jack Drescher, M. D. (October 2004).
1969:
1967:
1613:; BrÀnström, Richard (13 June 2019).
7:
4778:Unlawfully killed transgender people
4763:Acts of violence against LGBT people
4738:Capital punishment for homosexuality
4222:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1974:Tamagawa, Masami (20 October 2018).
1818:
1816:
1814:
1701:
1699:
1566:
1564:
1097:people who have not disclosed their
4773:Violence against transgender people
4173:LGBT rights by country or territory
4303:Legal status of transgender people
3754:Legal status of transgender people
2272:. Psychiatric Times Vol 21 No 12.
2228:Seidman, Meeks and Traschen (1999)
1296:According to a 2020 survey by the
1210:men were more often closeted than
25:
3385:Third sex / Third gender
2537:. 1961. New York: New Directions.
2402:Kustritz, Anna (September 2020).
1521:Scott, D. Travers (3 July 2018).
1479:Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda
4815:
4814:
4802:
4407:â Medicine, science and sexology
4237:Criminalization of homosexuality
3539:Attraction to transgender people
2350:Jacobs, Matthew (14 June 2017).
1040:
4685:Discrimination against lesbians
4617:Transgender people and religion
4432:Disability and LGBTQ identities
3991:Institut fĂŒr Sexualwissenschaft
2029:Culture, Health & Sexuality
1105:and aspects thereof, including
3807:Sexual practices between women
2638:When Someone You Love Is Kinky
1980:Journal of GLBT Family Studies
1690:The Epistemology of the Closet
1310:LGBT rights in the Middle East
594:Rights by country or territory
36:In the closet (disambiguation)
1:
4753:History of violence in the US
4748:History of violence in the UK
4232:Civil unions and partnerships
4102:Timeline of same-sex marriage
3803:Women who have sex with women
3783:Social construction of gender
2324:Morgan, Thad (10 July 2019).
1993:10.1080/1550428X.2017.1338172
1539:10.1080/23808985.2018.1474374
1469:"Devotion", a short story by
1010:Social construction of gender
959:Academic fields and discourse
4725:Violence against LGBT people
4626:Prejudice and discrimination
4442:Homosexuality and psychology
4119:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
4054:Florida orange juice boycott
3768:Sexual practices between men
3653:Erotic target location error
2146:Lewis, Nathaniel M. (2013).
1850:10.1371/journal.pone.0218084
1706:Rasmussen, Mary Lou (2004).
1640:10.1371/journal.pone.0218084
1421:LGBT rights in South America
1158:Yale School of Public Health
4487:Sexual orientation identity
4308:Transgender rights movement
3673:Gender and sexual diversity
3042:Queerplatonic relationships
2471:Pachankis, John E. (2015).
1767:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1708:"The Problem of Coming Out"
1573:"other kind of coming out'"
1335:occurred after coming out.
628:Blood donation restrictions
4879:
4663:Grooming conspiracy theory
4612:Homosexuality and religion
3885:History of same-sex unions
2612:Epistemology of the Closet
2598:Epistemology of the Closet
1724:10.1207/s15430421tip4302_8
1418:
1307:
1237:
1186:Epistemology of the Closet
1148:" in place of "closeted".
770:Grooming conspiracy theory
707:Mixed-orientation marriage
637:LGBT medical organizations
29:
4863:Censorship of LGBT issues
4796:
4529:
4504:
4412:
4398:
4227:Censorship of LGBT issues
4167:
4150:
3967:First homosexual movement
3836:
3823:
3764:Men who have sex with men
3512:
3271:
3258:
3231:
2867:
2863:
2841:
2767:
2745:
2551:Chauncey, George (1994).
2041:10.1080/13691050802572711
1934:10.1007/s10461-015-1135-6
1779:10.1007/s10508-016-0762-y
1015:Socialism and LGBT rights
965:Communism and LGBT rights
4595:Suicide among LGBT youth
4447:Homosexuality in the DSM
4084:Bar Abanicos police raid
4064:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
4037:Festival of Light action
4017:Compton's Cafeteria riot
3850:History of homosexuality
3311:Non-binary / genderqueer
3168:Gay flag of South Africa
2772:LGBT topics in education
2596:Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky.
2574:Seidman, Steven (2003).
2421:10.1177/1363460719850114
1688:Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky.
1482:and its film adaptation
4602:Monuments and memorials
4590:Suicides of LGBT people
4327:Commonwealth of Nations
4159:Rights and legal issues
3798:Transgender health care
1890:Huang, Zheping (2016).
878:Intersex discrimination
647:Transgender health care
32:Closet (disambiguation)
4573:LGBT rights opposition
4482:Split attraction model
3985:Dance of the Forty-One
3896:Category:LGBTQ history
3865:LGBTQ history timeline
3773:Sexâgender distinction
3723:Human female sexuality
3057:Same-sex relationships
2560:Humphreys, L. (1970).
1199:
1165:Michelangelo Signorile
702:LGBT rights opposition
237:Sexâgender distinction
4360:LGBT rights activists
4337:LGBT rights movements
4317:Yogyakarta Principles
4276:Assisted reproduction
4254:Intersex human rights
4114:Russian anti-LGBT law
3860:History of lesbianism
3316:Queer heterosexuality
2616:Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
2533:Barnes, Djuna. 1936.
2432:– via OhioLink.
2208:Human Rights Campaign
1364:US federal government
1345:Human Rights Campaign
1240:LGBT rights in Africa
1181:Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
604:Yogyakarta Principles
574:Intersex human rights
497:Same-sex relationship
220:Queer heterosexuality
4643:Anti-gender movement
4079:Tasty nightclub raid
4027:Gay Liberation Front
3728:Human male sexuality
3599:Romantic orientation
3398:Balkan sworn virgins
3296:Gender nonconformity
2614:(reprinted 1992) by
1712:Theory into Practice
1589:10.1558/genl.v3i1.53
1571:Zimman, Lal (2009).
1460:2005 film adaptation
1156:A 2019 study by the
980:Lavender linguistics
4853:Passing (sociology)
4578:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
3688:Gender essentialism
3486:Sexual orientations
2305:. 23 September 2008
2182:Pew Research Center
1841:2019PLoSO..1418084P
1631:2019PLoSO..1418084P
1577:Gender and Language
1276:coming out in Japan
1262:may participate in
1025:Transgender studies
765:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
18:Closeted homosexual
4678:Liberal homophobia
4535:Societal attitudes
4513:Societal attitudes
4477:Conversion therapy
4405:Sexual orientation
4365:Rainbow capitalism
4355:LGBT rights groups
4264:Same-sex parenting
4215:LGBT rights topics
3928:pre-Columbian Peru
3604:Same gender loving
3250:Sexual diversities
2904:Bisexual community
2680:The Guardian, 2016
2634:Catherine A. Liszt
2489:10.1037/ccp0000047
2299:"The Glass Closet"
1611:Pachankis, John E.
1455:Brokeback Mountain
1264:lavender marriages
1099:sexual orientation
1093:are metaphors for
985:LGBTQ conservatism
599:Transgender rights
120:Sexual orientation
4843:LGBTQ and society
4830:
4829:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4768:Stop Murder Music
4568:Gay panic defense
4548:Heteronormativity
4500:
4499:
4467:Prenatal hormones
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4281:Same-sex marriage
4242:decriminalization
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4108:Lawrence v. Texas
4042:White Night riots
4032:Handkerchief code
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3708:Gender transition
3698:Gender neutrality
3693:Gender expression
3678:Gender assignment
3626:
3625:
3477:Sexual identities
3471:
3470:
3245:Sexual identities
3240:Gender identities
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
2946:Awareness periods
2919:Community centers
2837:
2836:
2600:(reprinted 1992).
2383:. 23 October 2011
2270:Psychiatric Times
2243:National Archives
2106:978-92-9474-997-0
1922:AIDS and Behavior
1408:stigma management
1376:lavender marriage
1080:
1079:
923:Non-binary people
814:Domestic violence
697:Heteronormativity
569:Decriminalization
419:Awareness periods
370:
369:
297:Same-sex marriage
210:Non-binary gender
16:(Redirected from
4870:
4818:
4817:
4809:LGBTQ portal
4807:
4806:
4805:
4585:LGBT stereotypes
4553:Heteropatriarchy
4543:Amatonormativity
4531:
4506:
4472:Sexual inversion
4400:
4259:Military service
4169:
4152:
3875:Social movements
3838:
3825:
3579:Non-heterosexual
3482:
3269:
3260:
3233:
3208:Rainbow crossing
3047:Religious groups
2993:New queer cinema
2865:
2843:
2782:Lesbian feminism
2747:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2564:Chicago: Aldine.
2538:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2414:(5â6): 793â809.
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2245:. 15 August 2016
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1995:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1852:
1820:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1518:
1452:The short story
1183:, author of the
1173:non-heterosexual
1169:Queer in America
1072:
1065:
1058:
1044:
975:Lesbian feminism
856:Heteropatriarchy
727:Sexual diversity
687:Amatonormativity
670:Social attitudes
584:Military service
463:in New York City
446:New queer cinema
402:African-American
280:
205:Non-heterosexual
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
43:
21:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4803:
4801:
4784:
4733:Corrective rape
4719:
4621:
4558:Homonationalism
4525:
4496:
4408:
4386:
4331:
4322:La Francophonie
4291:List of couples
4249:Hate crime laws
4210:
4163:
4138:
4088:
4022:Stonewall riots
3971:
3942:
3938:Medieval Europe
3901:
3832:
3811:
3622:
3609:Sexual minority
3527:Gray asexuality
3508:
3467:
3379:
3264:Gender identity
3254:
3219:
3134:
3091:
2859:
2833:
2763:
2754:Academic fields
2741:
2712:
2659:
2608:
2606:Further reading
2603:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2381:The Independent
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2022:
2021:
2017:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1835:(6): e0218084.
1822:
1821:
1812:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1670:
1666:
1625:(6): e0218084.
1609:
1608:
1604:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1495:
1476:The 2015 novel
1436:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1352:social dynamics
1341:
1328:
1316:
1306:
1294:
1285:
1272:
1260:gay Chinese men
1255:
1250:
1242:
1236:
1154:
1123:
1111:sexual behavior
1107:sexual identity
1103:gender identity
1076:
1035:
1034:
995:Queer anarchism
960:
952:
951:
824:Straightwashing
809:Criminalization
745:
737:
736:
712:Media portrayal
682:Allonormativity
672:
662:
661:
619:
609:
608:
554:
544:
543:
382:
372:
371:
366:
328:
324:Stonewall riots
319:Same-sex unions
277:
267:
266:
232:Sexual identity
190:Gender variance
180:Gender identity
175:Gender fluidity
141:Gray asexuality
126:
112:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4876:
4874:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4812:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4350:Gay liberation
4347:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:United Nations
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:Operation Soap
4056:
4051:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3923:Ancient Greece
3920:
3915:
3913:Adelphopoiesis
3909:
3907:
3906:Pre-modern era
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Heteroflexible
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3130:Rainbow plaque
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Black triangle
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2953:Film festivals
2950:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2924:Cross-dressing
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2777:Gender studies
2774:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2657:External links
2655:
2654:
2653:
2642:Greenery Press
2627:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2526:
2512:
2483:(5): 890â901.
2460:
2448:www.lambda.org
2435:
2394:
2368:
2342:
2316:
2287:
2256:
2230:
2221:
2210:. 25 June 2018
2195:
2184:. 18 June 2019
2169:
2158:(2): 305â330.
2138:
2127:. 16 July 2022
2112:
2105:
2070:
2035:(3): 285â296.
2015:
1986:(5): 488â518.
1963:
1928:(1): 193â203.
1908:
1882:
1810:
1773:(1): 219â233.
1753:
1718:(2): 144â150.
1695:
1680:
1664:
1602:
1560:
1533:(3): 145â154.
1512:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1474:
1467:
1450:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1393:Vickie M. Mays
1360:Lavender Scare
1340:
1337:
1327:
1324:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1235:
1232:
1153:
1150:
1139:debutante ball
1122:
1119:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
970:Gender studies
967:
961:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
937:
936:
935:
930:
925:
915:
910:
905:
900:
899:
898:
893:
885:
880:
875:
874:
873:
863:
858:
853:
848:
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841:
836:
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826:
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811:
806:
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800:
799:
789:
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774:
773:
772:
762:
757:
752:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
729:
724:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
692:Cisnormativity
689:
684:
679:
673:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
620:
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611:
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581:
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566:
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541:
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531:
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494:
489:
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483:
482:
477:
467:
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455:
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448:
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433:
428:
427:
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424:Largest events
421:
411:
406:
405:
404:
394:
389:
383:
378:
377:
374:
373:
368:
367:
365:
364:
359:
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330:
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327:
326:
321:
316:
314:Gay liberation
311:
306:
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278:
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269:
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133:
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84:
81:
80:
59:
58:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4875:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:English words
4856:
4854:
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4844:
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4779:
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4736:
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4731:
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4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Transmisogyny
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4679:
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4664:
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4600:
4596:
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4465:
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4406:
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4363:
4361:
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4299:
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4270:
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4260:
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4174:
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4149:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Rainbow Night
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4103:
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4043:
4040:
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4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:Cadet scandal
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
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3952:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:Ancient Egypt
3916:
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3908:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3888:
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3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3842:LGBTQ history
3839:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Straight ally
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
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3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
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3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
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3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Hermaphrodite
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Gender binary
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
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3659:
3656:
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3651:
3649:
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3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
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3537:
3533:
3532:Demisexuality
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
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3520:
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3515:
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3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
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3404:
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3341:
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3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
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3292:
3291:Gender bender
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
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3237:
3234:
3230:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
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3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
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3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Pink triangle
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
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3033:
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3018:
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3011:
3010:Organizations
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
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2869:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2829:Transfeminism
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Queer studies
2817:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
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2793:
2790:
2788:
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2674:
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2669:
2666:
2664:
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2660:
2656:
2651:
2650:1-890159-23-9
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:Dossie Easton
2628:
2625:
2624:0-520-07874-8
2621:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:Sexualities 2
2588:
2585:
2584:0-415-93207-6
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
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2240:
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2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2183:
2179:
2173:
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2161:
2157:
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2149:
2142:
2139:
2126:
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2098:
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2083:
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2074:
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2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
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1968:
1964:
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1947:
1943:
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1677:0-299-19374-8
1674:
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1433:
1428:
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1422:
1415:South America
1414:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:Colton Haynes
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1339:United States
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:North America
1326:North America
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1314:LGBT in Islam
1311:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
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1151:
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1147:
1142:
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1134:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:in the closet
1086:
1085:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Transfeminism
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Queer studies
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
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962:
956:
955:
946:
943:
942:
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938:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
897:
896:Vulnerability
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
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822:
821:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
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771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
741:
740:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
719:
718:homosexuality
716:Religion and
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
671:
666:
665:
658:
655:
653:
652:Youth suicide
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
622:
621:
618:
613:
612:
605:
602:
600:
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590:
587:
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582:
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570:
567:
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562:
560:
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556:
553:
548:
547:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
523:
520:
519:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Socialization
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
468:
464:
461:
460:
459:
458:LGBTQ culture
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
434:
432:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
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412:
410:
407:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
376:
375:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
337:
336:
331:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
304:Homosexuality
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
270:
263:
260:
258:
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230:
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218:
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657:Detransition
642:Reproduction
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165:Demographics
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131:Aromanticism
56:LGBTQ topics
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4743:Gay bashing
4715:Transphobia
4648:AIDS stigma
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4437:Environment
4422:Birth order
3962:Section 377
3957:Molly house
3594:Questioning
3418:Femminiello
3348:Trans woman
3343:Transsexual
3326:Transgender
3215:Transgender
3140:Pride flags
3030:Pride Month
2998:Periodicals
2958:Gay village
2807:Transgender
2787:Linguistics
2727:transgender
2408:Sexualities
2303:www.out.com
2280:17 November
2249:17 November
2131:28 December
1485:Love, Simon
1304:Middle East
1227:gender role
1223:transgender
1127:Thomas Mann
933:Trans women
918:Transphobia
887:LGBT youth
883:Lesbophobia
846:Gay bashing
760:AIDS stigma
732:Stereotypes
564:Civil union
512:Subcultures
492:QPR and QPP
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451:Periodicals
431:Gay village
357:Transgender
352:Bisexuality
257:Transsexual
252:Transgender
247:Trans woman
227:Questioning
185:Gender role
170:Environment
153:Bisexuality
103:Transgender
4837:Categories
4673:Homophobia
4457:Klein Grid
4370:Separatism
4074:Section 28
4012:Sea queens
3739:Androgynos
3713:Healthcare
3648:Effeminacy
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3504:Homosexual
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3375:Xenogender
3193:Non-binary
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2792:Literature
2214:1 December
1508:References
1419:See also:
1356:coming out
1308:See also:
1238:See also:
1216:homophobia
1152:Background
1131:homosexual
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534:Moe aikÄne
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392:Coming out
333:Identities
262:Two-spirit
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4298:Socialism
3890:Pederasty
3870:Migration
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3198:Pansexual
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3003:Portrayal
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2850:Community
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2164:1492-9732
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2010:149019321
2002:1550-428X
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1177:cisgender
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1121:Etymology
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4521:Violence
4286:Timeline
4269:Adoption
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3733:Intersex
3638:Acronyms
3499:Bisexual
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3353:Mak nyah
3178:Intersex
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2882:Literary
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