List of cloud types - Knowledge (XXG)

9368: 4490:

order of average overall altitude range. Where applicable, the genera and varieties are cross-classified to show the species normally associated with each combination of genus and variety. The exceptions comprise the following: Altostratus that have varieties but no species so the applicable boxes are marked without specific species names; cumulus congestus, a species that has its own altitude characteristic but no varieties; cumulonimbus that have species but no varieties, and nimbostratus that has no species or varieties. The boxes for genus and species combinations that have no varieties are left blank.

5192: 1069: 575: 1494: 2822: 9308: 1510: 1318: 5126: 5046: 5106: 9320: 1502: 2109: 672: 5237: 6773: 3273: 2360: 1478: 5086: 5001: 3152: 1304: 2689: 5257: 5215: 5152: 2541: 2101: 31: 6728: 806: 6867: 2673: 259: 6683: 5172: 5066: 5026: 2681: 1518: 822: 9332: 4979: 1486: 3281: 3096: 3679: 814: 9344: 9356: 1867: 4489:

The following table shows the cloud varieties arranged across the top of the chart from left to right in approximate descending order of frequency of appearance. The genus types and some sub-types associated with each variety are sorted in the left column from top to bottom in approximate descending

169:

In section two of this page (Classification of major types), height ranges are sorted in approximate descending order of altitude expressed in general terms. On the cross-classification table, forms and genus types (including some genus sub-types) are shown from left to right in approximate ascending

5264:

The supplementary features are associated with particular genera as follows. They are sorted from left to right in approximate decreasing order of frequency of occurrence for each of three categories. The genus types and some sub-types are arranged from top to bottom in approximate descending order

271:(common terms, some informally derived from Latin). However, the schemes presented here share a cross-classification of physical forms and altitude levels to derive the 10 tropospheric genera, the fog and mist that forms at surface level, and several additional major types above the troposphere. The 266:

The table that follows is very broad in scope much like the cloud genera template near the bottom of the article and upon which this table is partly based. There are some variations in styles of nomenclature between the classification scheme used for the troposphere (strict Latin except for surface

5832:

The possible combinations of genera and mother clouds can be seen in this table. The genitus and mutatus clouds are each sorted from left to right in alphabetical order. The genus types and some sub-types are arranged from top to bottom in approximate descending order of average overall altitude

3298:

form in low horizontal layers having a ragged or uniform base. Ragged stratus often forms in precipitation while more uniform stratus forms in maritime or other moist stable air mass conditions. The latter often produces drizzle. Stratus that touches the Earth's surface is given the common name,

2559:

tend to bring constant precipitation and low visibility. This cloud type normally forms above 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) from altostratus cloud but tends to thicken into the lower levels during the occurrence of precipitation. The top of a nimbostratus deck is usually in the middle level of the

230:

types in the general lists and the mother clouds in the applicable classification table are sorted in alphabetical order except where noted. The species table shows these types sorted from left to right in approximate ascending order of the convective instability of each species. The table for

3724:

The division of genus types into species is as shown in the following table. The genus types (including some cumulus sub-types) are arranged from top to bottom in the left column in approximate descending order of average overall altitude range. The species are sorted from left to right in

3165:

These are fair weather cumuliform clouds of limited convection that do not grow vertically. The vertical height from base to top is generally less than the width of the cloud base. They appear similar to stratocumulus but the elements are generally more detached and less wide at the base.

201:

Vertical or multi-level genera and genus sub-types can be based in the low or middle levels and are therefore placed between the non-vertical low and mid-level genus types and sub-types. These thick clouds are listed in approximate descending order of altitude of the cloud tops.

1888:

is lifted to condensation in the middle level of the troposphere, usually along a frontal system. Altostratus can bring light rain or snow. If the precipitation becomes continuous, it may thicken into nimbostratus which can bring precipitation of moderate to heavy intensity.

161:(polar mesospheric). Three of the five physical forms in the troposphere are also seen at these higher levels, stratiform, cirriform, and stratocumuliform, although the tops of very large cumulonimbiform clouds can penetrate the lower stratosphere. 1329:

consist of mostly continuous, wide sheets of cloud that covers a large area of the sky. It is formed when convectively stable moist air cools to saturation at high altitude, forming ice crystals. Frontal cirrostratus is a precursor to rain or

1087:

form when moist air at high tropospheric altitude reaches saturation, creating ice crystals or supercooled water droplets. Limited convective instability at the cloud level gives the cloud a rolled or rippled appearance. Despite the lack of a

7862: 7304: 763:

High clouds form in the highest and coldest region of the troposphere from about 5 to 12 km (16,500 to 40,000 ft) in temperate latitudes. At this altitude water almost always freezes so high clouds are generally composed of

5798:

Formed as a result of human activities, particularly aircraft at high altitudes and heat-generating industrial activities at surface level. If a homogenitus cloud of one genus changes to another genus type, it is then termed a

750:

Tropospheric clouds are divided into physical forms defined by structure, and levels defined by altitude range. These divisions are cross-classified to produce ten basic genus-types. They have Latin names as authorized by the

6998:

Towering cumulus (TCu) -aviation term for WMO genus and species cumulus congestus, a large cumulus cloud with great vertical development, usually with a cauliflower-like appearance, but lacking the characteristic anvil of a

211:

A count of basic tropospheric variants that result from the division and subdivision of genus types into species and varieties is shown as a number in parentheses from V-1 (variant 1) through V-93 after each variety, after

2091:

Clouds with upward-growing vertical development usually form below 2 kilometres (6,600 ft), but can be based as high as 2.5 kilometres (8,200 ft) in temperate climates, and often much higher in arid regions.

557:

come in a variety of forms such as veils, bands, and billows, but are not given Latin names based on these characteristics. These clouds are the highest in the atmosphere and are given the Latin-derived name

6954:

Inverted cumulus (informal variation of WMO supplementary feature mamma) – cumulus which has transferred momentum from an exceptionally intense Cb tower and is convectively growing on the underside of an

34:

Tropospheric cloud classification by altitude of occurrence. Multi-level and vertical genus-types not limited to a single altitude level include nimbostratus, cumulonimbus, and some of the larger cumulus

67:

are commonly grouped with the low clouds because they do not show significant vertical extent. Of the multi-level genus-types, those with the greatest convective activity are often grouped separately as

6709:

Cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds formed by quickly generated ground heat; including forest fires, volcanic eruptions and low level nuclear detonation. Accepted as a WMO genitus cloud with the Latin name

1469:

Middle cloud forms from 2 to 7 km (6,500–23,000 ft) in temperate latitudes, and may be composed of water droplets or ice crystals depending on the temperature profile at that altitude range.

7869: 7311: 5776:

Formed from the mist at a waterfall, the downdraft caused from the cloud is counteracted by the ascending air displacement from the waterfall and may go on to form other types of clouds such as

733:

Sometimes known as type 2, a thin usually cirriform or lenticular (stratocumuliform) looking cloud based from about 18 to 30 kilometres (59,000–98,000 ft) and seen most often between

6970:

Rope cloud (informal term) – A narrow, long, elongated line of cumulus clouds that sometimes develop at the leading edge of an advancing cold front that is often visible in satellite imagery.

8323: 585:

are thin clouds that come in a variety of forms based from about 80 to 85 kilometres (262,000–279,000 ft) and occasionally seen in deep twilight after sunset and before sunrise.

262:

Cloud chart showing major tropospheric cloud types identified by standard two-letter abbreviations and grouped by altitude and form. See table below for full names and classification.

1542:

which does not reach the ground. Layered forms of altocumulus are generally an indicator of limited convective instability, and are therefore mainly stratocumuliform in structure.

6693:

Crested wave-like clouds formed by wind-shear instability that may occur at any altitude in the troposphere. Accepted as a WMO supplementary feature with the Latin name

208:

The constituent varieties and associated supplementary features and mother clouds for each genus or species are arranged in approximate order of frequency of occurrence.

7559: 6734:

Elongated, low-level, tube shaped, horizontal formation not associated with a parent cloud. Accepted as a WMO stratocumulus or altocumulus species with the Latin name

7489: 6669:

Supercooled altocumulus or cirrocumulus distinguished by a hole with ragged edges and virga or wisps of cirrus. Accepted as a WMO supplementary feature to be named

153:

clouds have their own classifications with common names for the major types and alpha-numeric nomenclature for the subtypes. They are characterized by altitude as

3636:"Fibrous": Cirriform (Ci fib) or high stratiform (Cs fib) in the form of filaments, can be straight or slightly curved; indicates strong, continuous upper winds. 8135: 8053: 5829:

rather than the partial transformation of the original cloud type. e.g. Altocumulomutatus – formed by the complete transformation of altocumulus mother cloud.

566:

rather than their physical forms. They are sub-classified alpha-numerically and with common terms according to specific details of their physical structures.

956:

Sheets at different layers of the upper troposphere, which may be connected at one or more points; normally associated with fibratus and uncinus species.

8127: 8045: 6661:(man-made). Further transformation into cirrus, cirrocumulus, or cirrostratus homomutatus is possible depending on atmospheric stability and wind shear. 1792:

Altocumulus producing precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground; usually associated with species stratiformis, castellanus, and floccus.

173:

In sections three to five, terrestrial clouds are listed in descending order of the altitude range of each atmospheric layer in which clouds can form:

103:, also with Latin names, some of which are common to more than one genus or species. The essentials of the modern nomenclature system for tropospheric 8946: 7092:

Wave-cloud resembling stratocumulus, especially as a polar cap cloud over the winter pole which is mostly composed of suspended frozen carbon dioxide.

2399: 2398:

These large cumulus clouds have flat dark grey bases and very tall tower-like formations with tops mostly in the high level of the troposphere. The

8293: 8196:

Ingersoll, A.P.; Dowling, T.E; Gierasch, P.J.; Orton, G.S.; Read, P.L.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Showman, A.P.; Simon-Miller, A.A.; Vasavada, A.R.

1513:

Altocumulus stratiformis perlucidus undulatus (V-41) clouds merging into altostratus opacus (V-50), with higher layer of cirrus fibratus (V-1)

8345: 8172: 7826: 7753: 6985:

Stratus fractus (WMO genus and species) – ragged detached portions of stratus cloud that usually form in precipitation (see also scud cloud).

2702:

Moderate vertical cumulus is the product of free convective air mass instability. Continued upward growth suggests showers later in the day.

836:

High clouds having the traditional "mare's tail" appearance. These clouds are long, fibrous, and curved, with no tufts or curls at the ends.

3651:"Broken": Low stratiform (St fra) or cumuliform (Cu fra) with an irregular shredded appearance – forms in precipitation and/or gusty winds. 3578:"Precipitation-bearing sheet": Applied to multi-level stratiform with vertical extent that produces precipitation of significant intensity. 6988:

Striations (informal term for WMO accessory cloud velum) – a groove or band of clouds encircling an updraft tower, indicative of rotation.

4467:"Radial". Clouds in one of several possible forms arranged in parallel lines that appear to converge at a central point near the horizon. 3642:"Tufted": Applies to stratocumuliform (Sc flo, Ac flo, Cc flo) and high cirriform (Ci flo); indicates some mid or high-level instability. 1807:

Altocumulus (usually species castellanus) with downward facing bubble-like protuberances caused by localized downdrafts within the cloud.

8018: 7629: 3708:"Sheet-like": Horizontal cloud sheet of flattened stratocumuliform (Sc str, Ac str, Cc str); indicates very slight air mass instability. 75:

The genera are also grouped into five physical forms. These are, in approximate ascending order of instability or convective activity:

198:

Non-vertical genus types (including some genus sub-types) are sorted into approximate descending order of altitude of the cloud bases.

9393: 8365: 7951: 7795: 7777: 7722: 7704: 7351: 5265:

of average overall altitude range. Each box is marked where a particular genus or sub-type has a particular supplementary feature.

752: 9234: 7375: 6902:

Cumulonimbus mamma (WMO genus and supplementary feature) – Cb with pouch-like protrusions that hang from under anvil or cloud base.

3696:"Nebulous": Indistinct low and high stratiform (St neb, Cs neb) without features; indicates light wind if any and stable air mass. 2735:

Cumulus mediocris radiatus (V-62)(V-60); Moderate cumulus clouds arranged in parallel lines that appear to converge at the horizon.

598:

Long stratocumuliform bands, often in parallel groups or interwoven at small angles. More widely spaced than cirrocumulus bands.

2927:

Stratocumulus arranged in parallel bands that appear to converge on the horizon; normally associated with stratiformis species.

9057: 6958:

Knuckles (informal variation of WMO supplementary feature mamma) – lumpy protrusion that hangs from edge or underside of anvil.

2881: 7894: 7074:

Noctilucent clouds are known to form near the poles at altitudes similar to or higher than the same type of clouds over Earth.

9398: 7567: 2952:

Closely spaced layers of stratocumulus, one above the other; normally associated with stratiformis and lenticularis species.

8302: 3616:

Latin for "castle-like": Applies to stratocumuliform (Sc cas, Ac cas, Cc cas) and dense cirriform (Ci cas) with a series of

7986: 1678:

Altocumulus in closely spaced layers, one above the other; normally associated with stratiformis and lenticularis species.

8709: 6687: 2122:

Clouds of the genus cumulonimbus have very-dark-gray-to-nearly-black flat bases and very high tops that can penetrate the

9298: 5079:"Tail": A tail cloud that extends horizontally away from the murus cloud and is the result of air feeding into the storm. 3702:"Dense": Thick cirriform (Ci spi) with a grey appearance; indicates some upward movement of air in the upper troposphere. 9203: 7497: 6862:

Cumulus radiatus (WMO genus and variety) – cumulus arranged in parallel lines that appear to converge near the horizon.

5059:"Hole": Supercooled altocumulus or cirrocumulus distinguished by a hole with ragged edges and virga or wisps of cirrus. 9208: 9062: 8756: 8719: 3657:"Small": Applies to cumuliform (Cu hum) with little vertical extent; indicates relatively slight air mass instability. 3012:

Sc with circular holes caused by localized downdrafts; normally associated with stratiformis and castellanus species.

2872: 1244: 205:

The species associated with each genus type are listed in approximate ascending order of instability where applicable.

6829:– (informal variation of WMO genus and species cumulus congestus) cumulus with tops shaped like castle crenellations. 6676: 5039:"Roughness": A highly disturbed and chaotic wave feature occasionally seen with a stratocumulus or altocumulus cloud. 1566: 2813:

Low cloud forms from near surface to ca. 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) and are generally composed of water droplets.

9193: 9072: 9067: 6951:

Inflow band (informal term) – a laminar band marking inflow to a Cb, can occur at lower or mid levels of the cloud.

6653:

Persistent condensation trails (contrails) formed by ice crystals originating from water vapor emitted by aircraft

5833:

range. Each box is marked where a particular genus or sub-type has a particular genitus or mutatus mother cloud.

5783: 2854: 6927:(WMO supplementary feature tuba) – rotating funnel of cloud hanging from under Cb, not making contact with ground. 5208:

Latin for "shredded cloth": A ragged or shredded accessory cloud that forms in precipitation below the main cloud.

5191: 99:

with Latin names, some of which are common to more than one genus. Most genera and species can be subdivided into

8942: 8613: 8608: 8465: 8446: 8338: 1110: 1101: 727: 679: 384: 373: 361: 6991:

Tail cloud (informal term) – an area of condensation consisting of laminar band and cloud tags extending from a

3690:"Medium-size": Cumuliform (Cu med) with moderate vertical extent; indicates moderate instability and upcurrents. 574: 8968: 8729: 8598: 8526: 8139: 7944: 7493: 6982:(informal term for WMO supplementary feature arcus) – wedge-shaped cloud often attached to the underside of Cb. 6976:(informal term for WMO species fractus) – ragged detached portions of cloud that usually form in precipitation. 1559: 1551: 1123: 857: 3714:"Hook-like": Cirriform (Ci unc) with a hook shape at the top; indicates a nearby backside of a weather system. 8057: 6911:

Cumulonimbus praecipitatio (WMO genus and supplementary feature) – Cb whose precipitation reaches the ground.

6859:

Cumulus praecipitatio (WMO genus and supplementary feature) – cumulus whose precipitation reaches the ground.

648:

Whirls possessing a small angular radius of curvature, sometimes resembling light ripples on a water surface.

9077: 8938: 8932: 8834: 6890: 6814: 2711: 2392: 2233: 2175: 1653:

Rows of altocumulus that appear to converge at the horizon; normally associated with stratiformis species.

1585: 6908:

Cumulonimbus pileus (WMO genus and accessory cloud) – capped, hood-shaped cloud above a cumulonimbus cloud.

2232:

Cumulonimbus with flat anvil-like cirriform top caused by wind shear where the rising air currents hit the

2024:

Altostratus with downward facing bubble-like protuberances caused by localized downdrafts within the cloud.

2003:

Accompanied by precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground. Seen mostly with opacus varieties.

9188: 9183: 8649: 8541: 8307: 8197: 3666:"Lens–like": Stratocumuliform (Sc len, Ac len, Cc len) having a lens-like appearance – formed by standing 3626:

Latin for "congested": Applies to cumuliform (Cu con/Tcu) with great vertical development and heaped into

2139: 1356: 1206: 1174: 848: 782:

Cirriform clouds tend to be wispy and are mostly transparent or translucent. Isolated cirrus do not bring

683: 6914:

Cumulonimbus tuba (WMO genus and supplementary feature) – column hanging from the bottom of cumulonimbus.

3079:

Stratocumulus with bubble-like protrusions on the underside; usually associated with species castellanus.

2982:

Stratocumulus with wavy undulating base; normally associated with stratiformis and lenticularis species.

1538:

are not always associated with a weather front but can still bring precipitation, usually in the form of

1247:

that evaporates well above ground level; mostly seen with species stratiformis, castellanus, and floccus.

709:

Sometimes known as type 1, a thin sheet-like cloud resembling cirrostratus or haze. Contains supercooled

9372: 9082: 8927: 8644: 8562: 7147: 4449:

Latin for "Double". Closely spaced often partly merged layers of cloud in one of several possible forms.

3745:

These ordinal instability numbers appear in each box where a particular genus has a particular species.

3617: 3184: 2863: 2147: 1973: 1745:; normally associated with stratiformis and castellanus species (also with cumuliform floccus species). 1711: 1493: 1347: 1130: 893: 7130:

Bands of cloud resembling cirrus located mainly in the highest of three main layers that cover Jupiter.

5185:"Funnel" or "tube": Feature in the form of a column hanging from the bottom of cumulus or cumulonimbus. 1870:

Altostratus translucidus (V-49) near top of photo thickening into altostratus opacus (V-50) near bottom

1708:

Altocumulus with wavy undulating base; normally associated with stratiformis and lenticularis species.

6881:(WMO genus) – heaped towering rain-bearing clouds that stretch to the upper levels of the troposphere. 3303:, rather than a Latin name that applies only to clouds that form and remain aloft in the troposphere. 2821: 1166:

Cirrocumulus with an undulating base; normally associated with stratiformis and lenticularis species.

9388: 9132: 9020: 8603: 8546: 8331: 8290: 7059:

Clouds resembling several terrestrial types can be seen over Mars and are believed to be composed of

6791: 6751:(WMO supplementary feature) – secondary cloud that is associated with but separate from a main cloud. 5806: 5225: 1136: 839: 279: 231:

supplementary features has them arranged in approximate descending order of frequency of occurrence.

2839:

are lumpy, often forming in slightly unstable air, and they can produce very light rain or drizzle.

1509: 1317: 9307: 9274: 9040: 8878: 8829: 8734: 8714: 6884: 6826: 5812:

Formed by low-level condensation of water vapor released by vegetation, especially forest canopies.

3581: 2166: 1594: 1576: 246:

and beyond. The planets with clouds are listed (not numbered) in order of their distance from the

142:, which are not included with the Latin nomenclature of clouds that form aloft in the troposphere. 8280: 7005:(informal term) – distinctive fairly large lowering of the rain-free base of a Cb, often rotating. 6905:

Cumulonimbus pannus (WMO genus and accessory cloud) – shredded sections attached to main Cb cloud.

5125: 3725:

approximate ascending order of instability or vertical extent of the forms to which each belongs:

9324: 9137: 8856: 8810: 8783: 8766: 8627: 8581: 8567: 6896: 3564: 3539: 3514: 3497: 2851:

Always dividable into opacity-based varieties. Sheets or relatively flat patches of stratocumulus

2590: 2249: 2226: 902: 213: 8105: 6784:(WMO supplementary feature) – arch or a bow shape, attached to cumulus, thick with ragged edges. 5045: 1556:

Always dividable into opacity-based varieties. Sheets or relatively flat patches of altocumulus.

6875:

Cumulus tuba (WMO genus and supplementary feature) – column hanging from the bottom of cumulus.

6835:(WMO genus and species) – considerable vertical development and heaped into cauliflower shapes. 5105: 9224: 9178: 9004: 8748: 8692: 8392: 8178: 8168: 8162: 7822: 7791: 7749: 7718: 7347: 6850: 6832: 3480: 3463: 1501: 959: 582: 559: 481: 454: 339: 333: 327: 275:

genus includes four species that indicate vertical size which can affect the altitude levels.

216:

that has no sub-types, and after certain species that are not always dividable into varieties.

7863:"Automated CB and TCU detection using radar and satellite data: from research to application" 7787: 7781: 7714: 7708: 7637: 7343: 7337: 7305:"Automated CB and TCU detection using radar and satellite data: from research to application" 7213: 872:

Elements which take on a rounded appearance on the top, with the lower part appearing ragged.

9360: 9336: 9319: 9148: 8884: 8724: 7839: 7080:

Thin scattered wispy cloud resembling cirrus through which the planet's surface can be seen.

6964:

and Pyrocumulonimbus– intense ground-heat cloud proposed for WMO classification (see above).

6758: 6704: 3660: 2108: 671: 378: 131: 7282: 6967:

Rope – (slang) narrow, sometimes twisted funnel type cloud seen after a tornado dissipates.

6804:

Collar cloud (WMO velum accessory cloud) – ring shape surrounding upper part of wall cloud.

5236: 1068: 797:

There are several variations of clouds of the cirrus genus based on species and varieties:

195:

Within the troposphere, the cloud levels are listed in descending order of altitude range.

9229: 9198: 9123: 8963: 8531: 8297: 6844: 6772: 6748: 6664: 3318: 3175: 2781: 2774:

Downward facing bubble-like protuberances caused by localized downdrafts within the cloud.

2717:

Moderate vertical clouds with flat medium grey bases and higher tops than cumulus humilis.

2608: 2474:

Low horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of a thunderstorm outflow.

2460:

Downward facing bubble-like protuberances caused by localized downdrafts within the cloud.

2276: 2031: 1521: 936: 830: 687: 508: 59:(strato-, stratus). These groupings are determined by the altitude level or levels in the 5165:"Wall": Cumulonimbus wall cloud with a lowering rotating base that can portend tornadoes. 2263:

Low, horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow.

8222: 7384: 3272: 2359: 2246:, consisting of bubble-like protrusions on the underside caused by localized downdrafts. 1477: 9312: 9239: 8536: 7099: 7024: 7020: 5136: 5085: 5019:

Latin for "arch" or "bow": Feature mostly attached to cumulus, thick with ragged edges.

4428:"Semi-transparent". Sheet of stratocumuliform cloud with small spaces between elements. 3720:"Rolled": Elongated, low or mid-level, tube shaped, stratocumuliform (Sc vol, Ac vol). 3214:

Small cumulus clouds arranged in parallel lines that appear to converge at the horizon.

2243: 2190:

No varieties (always opaque and does not form in patterns visible from surface level).

866: 134:. Very low stratiform clouds that touch the Earth's surface are given the common names 112: 5000: 3151: 2688: 1303: 9382: 9244: 9049: 8999: 8991: 8982: 8922: 8914: 8903: 8821: 8701: 8636: 8590: 8518: 8428: 8361: 8246: 7383:. International Association of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy. p. 9. Archived from 7260: 7192: 7143: 6838: 6820: 6787:

Backsheared anvil – (slang) anvil that spreads upwind, indicative of extreme weather.

4461:"Full of holes". Thin stratocumuliform cloud distinguished by holes and ragged edges. 3645: 3598: 3556: 3295: 2836: 2531:

Multi-level stratiform and moderate vertical cumuliform (low to mid-level cloud base)

2131: 2042:

Accompanied by ragged lower layer of fractus species clouds forming in precipitation.

1335: 1117: 755:(WMO) that indicate physical structure, altitude or étage, and process of formation. 714: 502: 494: 272: 146: 123: 64: 7971: 4994:"Twig" or "branch": Cloud whose precipitation evaporates before reaching the ground. 2887:

Layer of turreted stratocumulus cloud with tower-like formations protruding upwards.

2269:

Column hanging from the cloud base which can develop into a funnel cloud or tornado.

9348: 9142: 9110: 8509: 8491: 8285: 7925: 7901: 6924: 6878: 6856:

Cumulus pileus (WMO genus and accessory cloud) – capped, hood-shaped cumulus cloud.

6808: 5256: 5214: 5151: 5099:

Crested wave-like stratocumulus, altocumulus, or cirrus cloud formed by wind-shear.

3531: 3240:

Clouds formed by air-mass convection associated with contained industrial activity.

2556: 1326: 1084: 471: 460: 410: 404: 398: 367: 243: 183: 7993: 2540: 2100: 8270: 4479:"In the form of a back-bone". Cirriform arranged to look like the back-bone of a 4434:"Translucent". Thin translucent patch or sheet of stratiform or stratocumuliform. 2009:

Produces precipitation that reaches the ground; associated with opacus varieties.

250:, and the clouds on each planet are in approximate descending order of altitude. 9104: 8374: 6979: 6961: 6795: 6781: 6754:

Anvil (WMO supplementary feature incus) – the anvil top of a cumulonimbus cloud.

6727: 6700: 5014: 3627: 2804:

Genitus and mutatus types are the same as for cumulus of little vertical extent.

2618:

Nimbostratus with lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation.

2468: 2257: 2253: 1881: 1535: 1195: 977: 805: 765: 710: 592:

Veils, very tenuous stratiform; resembles cirrostratus or poorly defined cirrus.

433: 425: 354: 189: 150: 108: 60: 7146:

and may be composed at least partly of water droplets. an intermediate deck of

6866: 6643:

Informal terms recently accepted for WMO classification with Latin nomenclature

5145:: "Breast": A feature in the form of round pouches on under-surface of a cloud. 2672: 2524:

Other genitus and mutatus types are the same as for small and moderate cumulus.

2495:

Accompanied by a lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation.

2480:

Column hanging from the cloud base which can develop into a small funnel cloud.

2287:

Accompanied by a lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation.

1194:

Cirrocumulus with large clear holes; normally associated with stratiformis and

642:

Whirls. Partial (or, more rarely, complete) cirriform rings with dark centers.

258: 8861: 8850: 7235: 7112: 7044:

Wave clouds with clear gaps through which lower stratiform layers may be seen.

7002: 6992: 6973: 6945: 6887:(WMO genus and species) – cumulonimbus with round tops like cumulus congestus. 6721: 6682: 4480: 4473:"Wavy". Stratiform or stratocumuliform cloud displaying an undulating pattern. 3553:"Precipitation-bearing heap": Applied to vertical/multi-level cumulonimbiform. 2464: 2123: 2087:

Towering vertical cumulonimbiform and cumuliform (low to mid-level cloud base)

1570: 1334:

if it thickens into mid-level altostratus and eventually nimbostratus, as the

909: 554: 268: 235: 177: 8275: 8182: 7413: 3425:

A stratus cloud that forms as water vapor is added to the air above a forest.

3058:

Low cloud producing precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground.

885:

None; always translucent except species spissatus which is inherently opaque.

8889: 7861:

de Valk, Paul; van Westhrenen, Rudolf & Carbajal Henken, Cintia (2010).

6941: 6768:

Anvil rollover – (slang) circular protrusion attached to underside of anvil.

6762: 5821:

Nomenclature works the same way as for genitus mother clouds except for the

5171: 5065: 5025: 3276:

At level with stratus nebulosus translucidus (V-90) and opacus (V-91) clouds

3190:"Fair weather clouds" with flat light grey bases and small white domed tops. 2680: 2154: 1742: 1517: 1353:

Cirrostratus sheet with a fibrous appearance, but not as detached as cirrus.

821: 620:

Billows. Clearly spaced, fibrous cirriform, roughly parallel short streaks.

30: 8082: 6917:

Debris cloud (informal term) – rotating "cloud" of debris found at base of

6847:(WMO genus and species) – small, low, flattened cumulus, early development. 3630:

shapes – indicates considerable air mass instability and strong upcurrents.

3324:

Ragged shreds of stratus clouds usually under base of precipitation clouds.

2878:

Scattered or isolated stratocumulus tufts with domed tops and ragged bases.

17: 4422:

Latin for "Opaque". A thick sheet of stratiform or stratocumuliform cloud.

1413:

Supplementary features/accessory clouds: Not associated with cirrostratus.

1307:

Cirrostratus nebulosus merging into darker altostratus translucidus (V-47)

1092:

prefix, layered cirrocumulus is physically a high stratocumuliform genus.

7120: 6648: 5792: 3671: 3099:

Stratocumulus cumulogenitus with higher layer of altocumulus stratiformis

2905:

Thin translucent stratocumulus through which the sun or moon can be seen.

2127: 1885: 1262:

Bubble-like downward protuberances; mostly seen with species castellanus.

1007:

Bubble-like downward protuberances; mostly seen with species castellanus.

916: 563: 381: 370: 278:

For another tabular overview that also covers the entire homosphere, see

6817:(WMO genus and species) – castle crenellation-shaped altocumulus clouds. 6743:

WMO and informal terms related to free-convective cloud types and storms

4978: 3203:

None (always opaque except species fractus which is always translucent).

2794:

A thin horizontal sheet that forms around the middle of a cumulus cloud.

2753:

Accompanied by precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground.

2595:

Accompanied by precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground.

2507:

A thin horizontal sheet that forms around the middle of a cumulus cloud.

2439:

Accompanied by precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground.

1485: 95:

towers that often have complex structures. Most genera are divided into

7303:

de Valk, Paul; van Westhrenen, Rudolf; Carbajal Henken, Cintia (2010).

7160: 7116: 7027:

in three main layers at altitudes of 45 to 65 km that obscure the

6918: 6790:

Clear slot or dry slot (informal term) – an evaporation of clouds as a

5119:"Anvil": Top part of a mature cumulonimbus cloud; anvil-shaped feature. 3280: 3095: 2299:

A thin horizontal sheet that forms around the middle of a cumulonimbus.

1386:

Separate or semi-merged sheets with one layer slightly above the other.

930: 791: 738: 512: 127: 120: 116: 6853:(WMO genus and species) – medium-sized cumulus with bulges at the top. 6807:

Condensation funnel (WMO supplementary feature tuba) – the cloud of a

6657:. Usually resembles cirrus; recognized as a WMO genitus cloud cirrus 3678: 2421:

None (not generally discerned with highly unstable cumulus congestus).

813: 7028: 6899:(WMO genus and supplementary feature) – Cb capillatus with anvil top. 6801:

Cloud tags (WMO species fractus) – ragged detached portions of cloud.

6654: 3064:

Stratocumulus clouds producing precipitation that reaches the ground.

2869:

Elongated, low-level, tube shaped, horizontal stratocumuliform cloud.

734: 239: 7142:

Convective clouds in the lowest layer that are capable of producing

6944:(informal term) – a tropical cumulonimbus cloud that penetrates the 6841:(WMO genus and species) – ragged detached portions of cumulus cloud. 9343: 1057:

Cirrus formed by the complete transformation of cirrus homogenitus.

9249: 8354: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7060: 6865: 6771: 6726: 6681: 5255: 5235: 5213: 5190: 5170: 5150: 5124: 5104: 5084: 5064: 5044: 5024: 4999: 4989: 4977: 4972:

Latin for "falling": Cloud whose precipitation reaches the ground.

3677: 3279: 3271: 3150: 3094: 2820: 2687: 2679: 2671: 2539: 2358: 2107: 2099: 1865: 1539: 1516: 1508: 1500: 1492: 1484: 1476: 1316: 1302: 1067: 863:

A series of dense lumps, or "towers", connected by a thinner base.

820: 812: 804: 787: 690: 670: 573: 550: 358: 257: 227: 104: 63:

at which each of the various cloud types is normally found. Small

8360:

and selected species, supplementary features, and other airborne

7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7515: 5709:

Formed by the partial transformation of altocumulus mother cloud.

3561:"Heap": Applied to low-level and vertical/multi-level cumuliform. 7239: 6935: 6718:

in the case of small cumulus formed by contained human activity.

3667: 3447:

Tropospheric cloud types with Latin etymologies where applicable

2150: 2143: 2135: 1635: 1565:

Lens-shaped middle cloud. Includes informal variant altocumulus

1403:

Varieties are not commonly associated with Cs species nebulosus.

1393: 1331: 913: 783: 529: 8327: 7943:

Task Team On Revision of the International Cloud Atlas (2013).

7458: 3452:

Cloud types are sorted in alphabetical order except where noted

1866: 786:; however, large amounts of cirrus can indicate an approaching 654:

Simple curve of medium angular radius with one or more streaks.

9025: 7972:"Rope Cloud in the Gulf of Mexico « CIMSS Satellite Blog" 7926:"Cataractagenitus International Cloud Atlas Section 2.1.3.6.5" 7136:

Wave and haze clouds that are seen mostly in the middle layer.

7064: 6931: 3477:

Latin for "high heap": Applied to mid-level stratocumuliform.

3371:

Varieties are not commonly associated with St species fractus.

3300: 3052:

Usually associated with species stratiformis and castellanus.

1619: 525: 247: 234:

In section seven, extraterrestrial clouds can be found in the

165:

Cloud identification and classification: Order of listed types

8943:

Cumulus castellanus (unofficial alternative name for Cu con))

7182:

Lower-based convective clouds that can produce thunderstorms.

8221:

Monterrey Institute for Research in Astronomy (2006-08-11).

5773:

Cataractagenitus (cataracta-/pertaining to a river cataract)

3389:

Stratus (usually species nebulosus) producing precipitation.

8475:

No differentiated sub-types; tends to resemble cirrostratus

8247:"Neptune's Atmosphere: Composition, Climate, & Weather" 8240: 8238: 7111:

Cloud decks in parallel bands of latitude at and below the

1950:

Altostratus in closely spaced layers, one above the other.

5250:"A ship's sail": An accessory cloud in the form of a sail. 2576:

No varieties (always opaque and never forms in patterns).

1582:

Elongated, tube shaped, horizontal stratocumuliform cloud.

1142:

Very small white heaps with ragged bases and rounded tops.

7374:

Michael Gadsden & Pekka Parviainen (September 2006).

7236:"The identification of cloud types in LANDSAT MSS images" 3595:"Sheet-like heap": Applied to low-level stratocumuliform. 3511:"Hair-like heap": Applied to high-level stratocumuliform. 2955:

Stratocumulus stratiformis translucidus duplicatus (V-73)

2402:(ICAO) designates this species as towering cumulus (Tcu). 2208:

Precipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground.

933:; normally associated with fibratus and uncinus species. 570:

Extreme-level stratiform, stratocumuliform, and cirriform

7842:. Universities Space Research Association. 5 August 2009 5745:

Spreading out or partial transformation of cumulonimbus.

3603:"Sheet": Applied to low-level mostly shallow stratiform. 3015:

Stratocumulus stratiformis translucidus lacunosus (V-81)

2985:

Stratocumulus stratiformis translucidus undulatus (V-77)

2130:

is convectively highly unstable. They generally produce

713:

and water droplets; sometimes also contains supercooled

8312: 7817:

Burroughs, William James; Crowder, Bob (January 2007).

7744:

Burroughs, William James; Crowder, Bob (January 2007).

7214:"Cloud Identification Guide, International Cloud Atlas" 2960:

Stratocumulus stratiformis perlucidus duplicatus (V-74)

2930:

Stratocumulus stratiformis translucidus radiatus (V-70)

2788:

Pileus; Small cap-like cloud over parent cumulus cloud.

1681:

Altocumulus stratiformis translucidus duplicatus (V-36)

1524:-altocumulus stratiformis translucidus lacunosus (V-44) 8318: 6930:

Hail fog (informal term) – a shallow surface layer of

3020:

Stratocumulus stratiformis perlucidus lacunosus (V-82)

2990:

Stratocumulus stratiformis perlucidus undulatus (V-78)

2809:

Low-level stratocumuliform, cumuliform, and stratiform

1748:

Altocumulus stratiformis translucidus lacunosus (V-44)

1505:

Altocumulus stratiformis translucidus undulatus (V-40)

1458:

Results from the transformation of cirrus homogenitus.

1292:

Results from the transformation of cirrus homogenitus.

929:

Large horizontal bands that appear to converge at the

759:

High-level cirriform, stratocumuliform, and stratiform

9296: 8161:

Dougherty, Michele; Esposito, Larry (November 2009).

7283:"Upper atmospheric clouds, International Cloud Atlas" 7176:

Layers of haze-cloud that lack any distinct features.

7050:

Embedded convective cells that can produce lightning.

5789:

Formed by convection associated with large wildfires.

2935:

Stratocumulus stratiformis perlucidus radiatus (V-71)

2281:

Seen with species and capillatus except where noted.

1686:

Altocumulus stratiformis perlucidus duplicatus (V-37)

1656:

Altocumulus stratiformis translucidus radiatus (V-33)

667:

Stratospheric cloud identification and classification

8949:

term for Cu con and "Cu cas" is Towering cumulus ))

5715:

Formed by the partial transformation of altostratus.

3528:"Hair-like sheet": Applied to high-level stratiform. 1753:

Altocumulus stratiformis perlucidus lacunosus (V-45)

1741:

Altocumulus with circular holes caused by localized

1719:

Altocumulus stratiformis perlucidus undulatus (V-41)

254:

Cloud cross-classification throughout the homosphere

9258: 9217: 9171: 9162: 9120: 9095: 9048: 9039: 9013: 8990: 8981: 8956: 8913: 8902: 8871: 8843: 8820: 8809: 8800: 8776: 8765: 8747: 8700: 8691: 8682: 8662: 8635: 8626: 8589: 8580: 8555: 8517: 8508: 8499: 8490: 8464: 8445: 8436: 8427: 8391: 8382: 8373: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 6794:descends and dries out cloud and occludes around a 6757:Anvil dome (WMO supplementary feature incus) – the 5739:

Spreading out or partial transformation of cumulus.

3682:

A translucent wave cloud - altocumulus lenticularis

3225:Not commonly seen with cumulus fractus or humilis. 2965:

Stratocumulus stratiformis opacus duplicatus (V-75)

1661:

Altocumulus stratiformis perlucidus radiatus (V-34)

746:

Troposphere cloud identification and classification

546:

Mesospheric cloud identification and classification

9270:(Mother cloud)+mutatus (e.g. cumulomutatus (cumut) 9267:(Mother cloud)+genitus (e.g. cumulogenitus (cugen) 7603: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7086:Thin scattered wave-cloud resembling cirrocumulus. 3025:Stratocumulus stratiformis opacus lacunosus (V-83) 2995:Stratocumulus stratiformis opacus undulatus (V-79) 2334:Formed by large-scale fires or volcanic eruptions. 1107:Sheets or relatively flat patches of cirrocumulus. 8271:Introduction to Clouds (National Weather Service) 2940:Stratocumulus stratiformis opacus radiatus (V-72) 1691:Altocumulus stratiformis opacus duplicatus (V-38) 1600:Tufted stratocumuliform clouds with ragged bases. 1072:A large field of cirrocumulus stratiformis (V-12) 1037:Cirrus formed by spreading of aircraft contrails. 8276:Ten Basic Cloud Types (National Weather Service) 6893:(WMO genus and species) – Cb with cirriform top. 2181:Towering vertical cloud with high cirriform top. 2112:Single-cell Cumulonimbus capillatus (V-58) incus 1758:Altocumulus stratiformis opacus lacunosus (V-46) 1724:Altocumulus stratiformis opacus undulatus (V-42) 1198:species (also with cumuliform floccus species). 1083:High-level stratocumuliform clouds of the genus 8085:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7336:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). 7281:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (2017). 7259:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (2017). 7212:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (2017). 3361:Stratus nebulosus translucidus undulatus (V-92) 2759:Produces precipitation that reaches the ground. 2601:Produces precipitation that reaches the ground. 2501:Small cap-like cloud over parent cumulus cloud. 2445:Produces precipitation that reaches the ground. 2202:Associated with calvus and capillatus species. 1920:Altostratus that completely blocks out the sun. 1712:Altocumulus stratiformis translucidus undulatus 1666:Altocumulus stratiformis opacus radiatus (V-35) 1534:Mid-level stratocumuliform clouds of the genus 562:which refers to their illumination during deep 8077: 8075: 3494:"High sheet": Applied to mid-level stratiform. 3402:Genitus mother clouds and other mother sources 2902:Stratocumulus stratiformis translucidus (V-67) 2293:Small cap-like cloud over parent cumulonimbus. 1930:Bands that appear to converge at the horizon. 1914:Altostratus through which the sun can be seen. 722:Very high-level cirriform and stratocumuliform 8339: 8136:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 8054:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 8040: 8038: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 3536:"Hair-like": Applied to high-level cirriform. 3348:Opaque stratus that obscures the sun or moon. 2727:Opacity-based varieties: None (always opaque) 2568:No differentiated species (always nebulous). 1897:No differentiated species (always nebulous). 1628:Opaque middle clouds with translucent breaks. 686:regions of the stratosphere. Those that show 675:Stratospheric nacreous clouds over Antarctica 267:based aerosols) and the higher levels of the 8: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7150:, and an inner deck of cumulus water clouds. 2970:Stratocumulus lenticularis duplicatus (V-76) 2908:Stratocumulus stratiformis perlucidus (V-68) 2747:Precipitation-based supplementary features: 1634:Opaque altocumulus that obscures the sun or 1615:Altocumulus stratiformis translucidus (V-30) 8281:International Cloud Atlas online (Archived) 8083:"NASA SP-441: Viking Orbiter Views of Mars" 7673: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7655: 3221:Supplementary features and accessory clouds 3000:Stratocumulus lenticularis undulatus (V-80) 730:polar stratospheric cloud (mother of pearl) 578:Mesospheric noctilucent clouds over Estonia 9168: 9045: 8987: 8910: 8817: 8806: 8773: 8697: 8688: 8632: 8586: 8514: 8505: 8496: 8442: 8433: 8388: 8379: 8346: 8332: 8324: 7893:World Meteorological Organization (1995). 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7102:commonly forms in low areas of the planet. 4964:Precipitation-based supplementary features 3049:Precipitation-based supplementary features 3030:Stratocumulus castellanus lacunosus (V-84) 2911:Opaque low clouds with translucent breaks. 2585:Precipitation-based supplementary features 2431:Precipitation-based supplementary features 2199:Precipitation-based supplementary features 1995:Precipitation-based supplementary features 1953:Altostratus translucidus duplicatus (V-53) 1696:Altocumulus lenticularis duplicatus (V-39) 1625:Altocumulus stratiformis perlucidus (V-31) 1618:Translucent altocumulus through which the 1497:Altocumulus lenticularis duplicatus (V-39) 1182:Cirrocumulus lenticularis undulatus (V-18) 854:Dense and opaque or mostly opaque patches. 8447:Nacreous polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) 8019:"Mysterious waves seen in Venus's clouds" 7414:"Nacreous and polar stratospheric clouds" 6934:that sometimes forms in vicinity of deep 3381:Precipitation-based supplementary feature 3364:Stratus nebulosus opacus undulatus (V-93) 2400:International Civil Aviation Organization 1784:Precipitation-based supplementary feature 1729:Altocumulus lenticularis undulatus (V-43) 1569:, lenticular spiral indicative of severe 1465:Mid-level stratocumuliform and stratiform 1235:Precipitation-based supplementary feature 1214:Cirrocumulus castellanus lacunosus (V-20) 706:Nitric acid and water polar stratospheric 8368:Latin terminology except where indicated 7821:, p.215. Fog City Press, San Francisco. 7748:, p.216. Fog City Press, San Francisco. 7261:"Definitions, International Cloud Atlas" 7170:High wispy formations resembling cirrus. 5835: 5763:Partial transformation of stratocumulus. 5267: 5230:"Capped": A hood-shaped accessory cloud. 4492: 4455:"Twisted". Curved and tangled cirriform. 3747: 3620:shapes – indicates air mass instability. 2914:Stratocumulus stratiformis opacus (V-69) 2897:Stratocumuliform opacity-based varieties 1933:Altostratus translucidus radiatus (V-51) 1763:Altocumulus castellanus lacunosus (V-47) 899:Irregularly curved or tangled filaments. 845:Filaments with up-turned hooks or curls. 660:Whirls with large-scale ring structures. 284: 72:. The genus types all have Latin names. 29: 9303: 8671:Mutatus non-height specific (see below) 8308:UK Met Office cloud classification page 8167:(1st ed.). Springer. p. 118. 7204: 5809:(silva-/pertaining to trees or forests) 5751:Partial transformation of nimbostratus. 5733:Partial transformation of cirrostratus. 5727:Partial transformation of cirrocumulus. 3419:Generated by the spray from waterfalls. 3261:Generated by the spray from waterfalls. 1970:Altostratus with wavy undulating base. 1383:Cirrostratus fibratus duplicatus (V-24) 8106:"Mars Clouds Higher Than Any On Earth" 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7339:Noctilucent, International Cloud Atlas 3147:Genus cumulus (little vertical extent) 3035:Stratocumulus floccus lacunosus (V-85) 2214:Precipitation that reaches the ground. 1884:form when a large convectively stable 1631:Altocumulus stratiformis opacus (V-32) 1389:Cirrostratus fibratus undulatus (V-25) 1321:Cirrostratus fibratus undulatus (V-25) 983:Varieties are not commonly associated. 632:Wave-like structures with undulations. 8128:"Big Mystery: Jupiter Loses a Stripe" 7407: 7405: 3339:Stratus nebulosus translucidus (V-90) 2126:. They develop from cumulus when the 2096:Genus cumulonimbus: Towering vertical 1219:Cirrocumulus floccus lacunosus (V-21) 1129:Cirrocumulus layer with "towers", or 908:Elements arranged in the manner of a 7: 7234:E.C. Barrett and C.K. Grant (1976). 1958:Altostratus opacus duplicatus (V-54) 1768:Altocumulus floccus lacunosus (V-48) 9073:Stratocumulus stratiformis (Sc str) 9068:Stratocumulus lenticularis (Sc len) 8056:. 19 September 2008. Archived from 7987:"Clouds in the terrestrial planets" 7710:Features, International Cloud Atlas 6761:on a Cb that is often present on a 2676:Cumulus mediocris (V-61) from above 1981:Altostratus opacus undulatus (V-56) 1207:Cirrocumulus stratiformis lacunosus 1175:Cirrocumulus stratiformis undulatus 790:system eventually followed by fair 9058:Stratocumulus castellanus (Sc cas) 8614:Cirrocumulus stratiformis (Cc str) 8609:Cirrocumulus lenticularis (Cc len) 8198:"Dynamics of Jupiter's Atmosphere" 7783:Species, International Cloud Atlas 7418:Atmospheric optics, atoptics.co.uk 7031:'s surface and can produce virga. 5757:Partial transformation of stratus. 5009:Cloud-based supplementary features 2452:Cloud-based supplementary features 2221:Cloud-based supplementary features 2036:Seen mostly with opacus varieties 1974:Altostratus translucidus undulatus 1938:Altostratus opacus radiatus (V-52) 1546:Mid-level stratocumuliform species 604:Bands with diffuse, blurred edges. 130:, in an 1802 presentation to the 25: 8730:Altocumulus stratiformis (Ac str) 8725:Altocumulus lenticularis (Ac len) 8599:Cirrocumulus castellanus (Cc cas) 8203:. Lunar & Planetary Institute 8046:"Clouds Move Across Mars Horizon" 7952:World Meteorological Organization 7778:World Meteorological Organization 7705:World Meteorological Organization 5721:Partial transformation of cirrus. 5049:Stratocumulus undulatus asperitas 3334:Nebulosus opacity-based varieties 3071:Cloud-based supplementary feature 2766:Cloud-based supplementary feature 2172:Cumulonimbus with high domed top. 2016:Cloud-based supplementary feature 1799:Cloud-based supplementary feature 1254:Cloud-based supplementary feature 1169:Stratocumuliform undulatus (V-16) 753:World Meteorological Organization 741:. Consists of ice crystals only. 610:Bands with sharply defined edges. 468:Multi-level or moderate vertical 9366: 9354: 9342: 9330: 9318: 9306: 8835:Cumulonimbus capillatus (Cb cap) 8710:Altocumulus castellanus (Ac cas) 8468:polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) 7628:Aerographer/Meteorology (2012). 7560:"Clouds – Species and Varieties" 7159:Cloud layers composed mainly of 6938:accumulation, can be very dense. 3181:Ragged shreds of cumulus clouds. 3128:Stratocumulus nimbostratomutatus 3109:Stratocumulus cumulonimbogenitus 3104:Stratocumulus nimbostratogenitus 2949:Pattern-based variety duplicatus 2825:Stratocumulus castellanus (V-66) 2668:Genus cumulus: Moderate vertical 2659:Nimbostratus stratocumulomutatus 2355:Genus cumulus: Towering vertical 2326:Cumulonimbus stratocumulogenitus 1947:Pattern-based variety duplicatus 1378:Fibratus pattern-based varieties 967:Cirrus uncinus duplicatus (V-11) 953:Pattern-based variety duplicatus 626:Short, straight, narrow streaks. 55:(nimbo-, cumulo-, cumulus), and 9014:St-only genitus cloud and other 8650:Cirrostratus nebulosus (Cs neb) 7133:Stratiform and stratocumuliform 3355:Pattern-based variety undulatus 3345:Stratus nebulosus opacus (V-91) 3211:Cumulus humilis radiatus (V-88) 3133:Stratocumulus altocumulomutatus 3114:Stratocumulus altostratogenitus 3009:Pattern-based variety lacunosus 2979:Pattern-based variety undulatus 2684:Cumulus mediocris (V-61) pileus 2635:Nimbostratus cumulonimbogenitus 2536:Genus nimbostratus: Multi-level 2519:Cumulus congestus flammagenitus 2321:Cumulonimbus nimbostratogenitus 1967:Pattern-based variety undulatus 1911:Altostratus translucidus (V-49) 1880:Stratiform clouds of the genus 1853:Altocumulus stratocumulomutatus 1445:Cirrostratus cirrocumulomutatus 1426:Cirrostratus cumulonimbogenitus 1421:Cirrostratus cirrocumulogenitus 1283:Cirrocumulus cirrostratomutatus 768:or supercooled water droplets. 682:form at very high altitudes in 9083:Stratocumulus volutus (Sc vol) 9063:Stratocumulus floccus (Sc flo) 8844:Cb-only supplementary features 8645:Cirrostratus fibratus (Cs fib) 8126:Phillips, Tony (20 May 2010). 8104:SPACE.com staff (2006-08-28). 7179:Cumuliform and cumulonimbiform 7139:Cumuliform and cumulonimbiform 7047:Cumuliform and cumulonimbiform 7038:Overcast opaque clouds sheets. 3399:Not usually seen with stratus. 2924:Pattern-based variety radiatus 2692:Cumulus congestus (V-59) arcus 2654:Nimbostratus altocumulomutatus 2649:Nimbostratus altostratomutatus 2544:Nimbostratus (V-60) with virga 2316:Cumulonimbus altostratogenitus 2311:Cumulonimbus altocumulogenitus 2078:Altostratus nimbostratomutatus 2073:Altostratus cirrostratomutatus 2059:Altostratus cumulonimbogenitus 1927:Pattern-based variety radiatus 1848:Altocumulus nimbostratomutatus 1838:Altocumulus cirrocumulomutatus 1824:Altocumulus cumulonimbogenitus 1481:Altocumulus castellanus (V-28) 1450:Cirrostratus altostratomutatus 1338:moves closer to the observer. 1286:Cirrocumulus altocumulomutatus 926:Pattern-based variety radiatus 817:Cirrus fibratus radiatus (V-8) 1: 9021:Stratus silvagenitus (St sil) 8879:Cumulonimbus flumen ((Cb flu) 8872:Cb-only accessories and other 8720:Altocumulus lacunosus (Ac la) 8604:Cirrocumulus floccus (Cc flo) 6995:towards a precipitation core. 3206:Humilis pattern-based variety 2054:Altostratus altocumulogenitus 1843:Altocumulus altostratomutatus 1096:High stratocumuliform species 944:Cirrus uncinus radiatus (V-9) 87:patches, rolls, and ripples; 8830:Cumulonimbus calvus (Cb cal) 8735:Altocumulus volutus (Ac vol) 8715:Altocumulus floccus (Ac flo) 8409:Noctilucent type III billows 8291:Texas A&M Cloud Glossary 7634:meteorologytraining.tpub.com 7488:JetStream (5 January 2010). 7377:Observing Noctilucent Clouds 7098:Morning fog of water and/or 6823:(WMO genus) – heaped clouds. 5795:(homo-/pertaining to humans) 5786:(flamma-/pertaining to fire) 3284:Stratus fractus (V-89) cloud 2917:Opaque stratocumulus clouds. 2290:Pileus (species calvus only) 8784:Nimbostratus virga (Ns vir) 8527:Cirrus castellanus (Ci cas) 8164:Saturn from Cassini-Huygens 7985:Montmessin, Franck (2013). 3440:Stratus stratocumulomutatus 3315:Uniform fog-like low cloud. 3252:Cumulus stratocumulomutatus 3234:Cumulus stratocumulogenitus 3138:Stratocumulus stratomutatus 3091:Stratocumulus cumulogenitus 1362:Featureless, uniform sheet. 996:Not associated with cirrus. 903:Cirrus fibratus vertebratus 9415: 9005:Stratus nebulosus (St neb) 8939:Cumulus congestus (Cu con) 8933:Cumulus mediocris (Cu med) 8568:Cirrus vertebratus (Ci ve) 8412:Noctilucent type IV whirls 8286:Cloud Appreciation Society 5850: 5847: 5155:Mammatus over Squaw Valley 4982:Cumulonimbus praecipitatio 4959:WMO supplementary features 3413:Stratus cumulonimbogenitus 3407:Stratus nimbostratogenitus 2855:Stratocumulus lenticularis 2848:Stratocumulus stratiformis 2630:Nimbostratus cumulogenitus 2346:Cumulonimbus cumulomutatus 2331:Cumulonimbus flammagenitus 2104:Cumulonimbus calvus (V-57) 1489:Altocumulus floccus (V-29) 1201:Stratocumuliform lacunosus 1155:None (always translucent). 960:Cirrus fibratus duplicatus 701:Very high-level stratiform 680:Polar stratospheric clouds 277: 157:(polar stratospheric) and 8862:Cumulonimbus murus ((mur) 8851:Cumulonimbus cauda ((cau) 8542:Cirrus spissatus (Ci spa) 8406:Noctilucent type II bands 8313:Cloud Atlas (Atlas Chmur) 8303:Cloud-identification site 8245:Nola Taylor Redd (2012). 8132:Nasa Headline News – 2010 7930:International Cloud Atlas 7019:Thick overcast clouds of 6731:Roll cloud over Wisconsin 6476: 6364: 6253: 6144: 5985: 5841: 5838: 5611: 5544: 5467: 5406: 5322: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5273: 5270: 4856: 4796: 4735: 4662: 4565: 4498: 4495: 4272: 4183: 4091: 4002: 3868: 3750: 3735:Stratocumuliform species, 3342:Thin translucent stratus. 2882:Stratocumulus castellanus 2229:(species capillatus only) 1917:Altostratus opacus (V-50) 1819:Altocumulus cumulogenitus 1440:Cirrostratus cirromutatus 1375:None (always translucent) 1280:Cirrocumulus cirromutatus 1111:Cirrocumulus lenticularis 1102:Cirrocumulus stratiformis 1049:Cirrus cirrostratomutatus 1029:Cirrus cumulonimbogenitus 1019:Cirrus cirrocumulogenitus 9394:Satellite interpretation 9000:Stratus fractus (St fra) 8928:Cumulus humilis (Cu hum) 8907:Variable vertical extent 8857:Cumulonimbus incus (inc) 8532:Cirrus fibratus (Ci fib) 8403:Noctilucent type I veils 8397:Polar mesospheric clouds 7786:. Vol. I. pp. 7713:. Vol. I. pp. 7494:National Weather Service 7115:alternately composed of 7071:Extremely high cirriform 5778:cumulus cataractagenitus 5129:Cumulonimbus incus mamma 5089:Cumulonimbus murus cauda 3741:Cumulonimbiform species. 3416:Stratus cataractagenitus 3258:Cumulus cataractagenitus 2363:Cumulus congestus (V-59) 2236:layer at the tropopause. 1560:Altocumulus lenticularis 1552:Altocumulus stratiformis 1455:Cirrostratus homomutatus 1289:Cirrocumulus homomutatus 1124:Cirrocumulus castellanus 1024:Cirrus altocumulogenitus 937:Cirrus fibratus radiatus 894:Cirrus fibratus intortus 126:with broad interests in 9078:Stratocumulus Undulatus 8563:Cirrus intortus (Ci in) 8547:Cirrus uncinus (Ci unc) 8537:Cirrus floccus (Ci flo) 7564:University of Minnesota 7490:"Cloud Classifications" 7342:. Vol. I. p. 6891:Cumulonimbus capillatus 6870:Cumulus radiatus clouds 6815:Altocumulus castellanus 5825:suffix to indicate the 3200:Opacity-based varieties 2412:Opacity-based varieties 2176:Cumulonimbus capillatus 1906:Opacity-based varieties 1645:Pattern-based varieties 1610:Opacity-based varieties 1586:Altocumulus castellanus 1372:Opacity-based varieties 1158:Pattern-based varieties 1152:Opacity-based varieties 145:Above the troposphere, 9218:Supplementary features 9098:supplementary features 7457:Clouds Online (2012). 6871: 6777: 6732: 6691: 6677:Kelvin–Helmholtz cloud 5261: 5241: 5219: 5196: 5176: 5156: 5130: 5110: 5090: 5070: 5050: 5030: 5005: 4983: 3683: 3376:Supplementary features 3358:Wavy undulating base. 3285: 3277: 3156: 3155:Cumulus humilis (V-87) 3100: 3044:Supplementary features 2860:Lens-shaped low cloud. 2826: 2742:Supplementary features 2693: 2685: 2677: 2580:Supplementary features 2545: 2426:Supplementary features 2364: 2242:Also sometimes called 2194:Supplementary features 2113: 2105: 1990:Supplementary features 1871: 1779:Supplementary features 1567:Kelvin–Helmholtz cloud 1525: 1514: 1506: 1498: 1490: 1482: 1408:Supplementary features 1357:Cirrostratus nebulosus 1322: 1308: 1230:Supplementary features 1073: 988:Supplementary features 888:Fibratus pattern-based 826: 818: 810: 809:Cirrus spissatus (V-3) 676: 579: 304:mostly non-convective 263: 170:order of instability. 36: 9399:Weather-related lists 9261:and human-made clouds 8757:Altostratus undulatus 8466:Nitric acid and water 8017:Shiga, David (2006). 7148:ammonium hydrosulfide 7083:High stratocumuliform 6869: 6775: 6730: 6685: 5817:Mutatus mother clouds 5701:Genitus mother clouds 5259: 5239: 5217: 5194: 5174: 5154: 5128: 5109:Stratocumulus fluctus 5108: 5088: 5068: 5048: 5028: 5003: 4981: 3681: 3670:of wind passing over 3410:Stratus cumulogenitus 3283: 3275: 3255:Cumulus stratomutatus 3247:Mutatus mother clouds 3229:Genitus mother clouds 3154: 3123:Mutatus mother clouds 3098: 3086:Genitus mother clouds 2873:Stratocumulus floccus 2864:Stratocumulus volutus 2824: 2730:Pattern-based variety 2691: 2683: 2675: 2644:Mutatus mother clouds 2625:Genitus mother clouds 2543: 2418:Pattern-based variety 2415:None (always opaque). 2362: 2306:Genitus mother clouds 2111: 2103: 2068:Mutatus mother clouds 2049:Genitus mother clouds 1869: 1833:Mutatus mother clouds 1814:Genitus mother clouds 1591:Turreted layer cloud. 1520: 1512: 1504: 1496: 1488: 1480: 1435:Mutatus mother clouds 1416:Genitus mother clouds 1348:Cirrostratus fibratus 1320: 1306: 1275:Mutatus mother clouds 1269:Genitus mother clouds 1071: 1014:Genitus mother clouds 824: 816: 808: 674: 577: 261: 43:groups all genera as 33: 7840:"Cumulonimbus Incus" 7570:on December 30, 2010 7558:Boyd, Sylke (2008). 7199:Notes and references 7089:Low stratocumuliform 6792:rear flank downdraft 6686:Fluctus clouds over 5768:Other genitus clouds 3435:Mutatus mother cloud 3422:Stratus silvagenitus 3294:Clouds of the genus 2835:Clouds of the genus 2555:Clouds of the genus 2341:Mutatus mother cloud 1622:or moon can be seen. 1325:Clouds of the genus 1137:Cirrocumulus floccus 1133:joined at the bases. 1044:Mutatus mother cloud 825:Cirrus uncinus (V-2) 717:in ternary solution. 280:Template:Cloud types 226:In section six, the 9279:Homomutatus (homut) 9275:Homogenitus (hogen) 9245:Praecipitatio (pra) 8457:Lenticular nacreous 8050:Phoenix Photographs 7640:on 21 December 2012 7500:on 29 November 2017 7412:Les Cowley (2011). 7317:on 16 November 2011 6885:Cumulonimbus calvus 6827:Cumulus castellanus 6811:aloft or a tornado. 5760:Stratocumulogenitus 5280:Precipitation-based 5240:Cumulonimbus pileus 5218:Nimbostratus pannus 3738:Cumuliform species, 3729:Stratiform species, 3428:Stratus homogenitus 3237:Cumulus homogenitus 2817:Genus stratocumulus 2167:Cumulonimbus calvus 1595:Altocumulus floccus 1577:Altocumulus volutus 1120:-shaped high cloud. 993:Precipitation-based 693:are given the name 362:polar stratospheric 309:limited-convective 83:wisps and patches; 41:list of cloud types 9041:Stratocumulus (Sc) 9028:(Fg) Surface level 8969:Trade wind cumulus 8454:Cirriform nacreous 8296:2006-04-20 at the 7390:on 31 October 2008 7155:Uranus and Neptune 7107:Jupiter and Saturn 6897:Cumulonimbus incus 6872: 6778: 6733: 6692: 5748:Nimbostratogenitus 5742:Cumulonimbogenitus 5730:Cirrostratogenitus 5724:Cirrocumulogenitus 5262: 5260:Cumulonimbus velum 5242: 5220: 5197: 5177: 5175:Cumulonimbus murus 5157: 5131: 5111: 5091: 5071: 5051: 5031: 5029:Cumulonimbus arcus 5006: 5004:Cirrocumulus virga 4984: 3732:Cirriform species, 3705:Stratiformis (Str) 3684: 3286: 3278: 3157: 3101: 2827: 2694: 2686: 2678: 2546: 2365: 2114: 2106: 1872: 1526: 1515: 1507: 1499: 1491: 1483: 1323: 1309: 1299:Genus cirrostratus 1074: 1064:Genus cirrocumulus 1054:Cirrus homomutatus 1034:Cirrus homogenitus 858:Cirrus castellanus 827: 819: 811: 677: 583:Noctilucent clouds 580: 445:Towering vertical 319:strong-convective 264: 47:(cirro-, cirrus), 37: 9294: 9293: 9290: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9204:Translucidus (tr) 9158: 9157: 9091: 9090: 9035: 9034: 8977: 8976: 8898: 8897: 8814:Towering vertical 8811:Cumulonimbus (Cb) 8796: 8795: 8792: 8791: 8767:Nimbostratus (Ns) 8743: 8742: 8678: 8677: 8658: 8657: 8628:Cirrostratus (Cs) 8622: 8621: 8582:Cirrocumulus (Cc) 8576: 8575: 8556:Ci-only varieties 8486: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8174:978-1-4020-9216-9 7827:978-1-74089-579-8 7754:978-1-74089-579-8 6851:Cumulus mediocris 6833:Cumulus congestus 6640: 6639: 5712:Altostratogenitus 5706:Altocumulogenitus 5698: 5697: 5195:Cumulonimbus tuba 5069:Altocumulus cavum 4956: 4955: 4406: 4405: 3613:Castellanus (Cas) 3312:Stratus nebulosus 2712:Cumulus mediocris 2463:Arcus (including 2393:Cumulus congestus 2373:cumulus congestus 2157:at ground level. 1862:Genus altostratus 1473:Genus altocumulus 1272:No genitus types. 553:that form in the 543: 542: 482:Cumulus mediocris 455:Cumulus congestus 336:billows or whirls 307:Stratocumuliform 107:were proposed by 70:towering vertical 16:(Redirected from 9406: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9347: 9346: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9323: 9322: 9311: 9310: 9302: 9169: 9149:Actinoform cloud 9046: 8988: 8911: 8885:Overshooting top 8818: 8807: 8774: 8749:Altostratus (As) 8698: 8693:Altocumulus (Ac) 8689: 8633: 8587: 8515: 8506: 8497: 8443: 8434: 8389: 8380: 8348: 8341: 8334: 8325: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8242: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8202: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8142:on 20 April 2011 8138:. Archived from 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8079: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8042: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8014: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8004: 7998: 7992:. Archived from 7991: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7949: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7906: 7900:. Archived from 7899: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7874: 7868:. Archived from 7867: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7836: 7830: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7774: 7757: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7701: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7636:. Archived from 7625: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7566:. Archived from 7555: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7496:. Archived from 7485: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7454: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7409: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7389: 7382: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7316: 7310:. Archived from 7309: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7209: 7041:Stratocumuliform 6759:overshooting top 6705:Pyrocumulonimbus 5836: 5286:Accessory cloud 5268: 5200:Accessory clouds 4493: 4097:Cumulonimbus (5) 3748: 3396:Accessory clouds 2782:Accessory clouds 2487:Accessory clouds 2381:towering cumulus 2277:Accessory clouds 2142:, and sometimes 849:Cirrus spissatus 351:Very high-level 317:Cumulonimbiform 314:free-convective 285: 132:Askesian Society 85:stratocumuliform 21: 9414: 9413: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9403: 9379: 9378: 9377: 9367: 9365: 9355: 9353: 9341: 9331: 9329: 9317: 9305: 9297: 9295: 9282: 9271: 9260: 9254: 9225:Asperitas (asp) 9213: 9194:Perlucidus (pe) 9179:Duplicatus (du) 9164: 9154: 9151:(Stratocumulus) 9124:accessory cloud 9122: 9116: 9097: 9087: 9031: 9009: 8973: 8952: 8906: 8894: 8867: 8839: 8813: 8802: 8788: 8769: 8761: 8739: 8684: 8674: 8664: 8663:High-level-only 8654: 8618: 8572: 8551: 8501: 8478: 8467: 8460: 8438: 8437:Very high-level 8415: 8396: 8384: 8369: 8352: 8298:Wayback Machine 8267: 8262: 8261: 8252: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8236: 8227: 8225: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8195: 8194: 8190: 8175: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8111: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8081: 8080: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8044: 8043: 8036: 8027: 8025: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8002: 8000: 7996: 7989: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7956: 7954: 7947: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7924: 7923: 7919: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7897: 7892: 7891: 7887: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7816: 7812: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7776: 7775: 7760: 7743: 7739: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7703: 7702: 7653: 7643: 7641: 7630:"Cloud Variety" 7627: 7626: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7557: 7556: 7513: 7503: 7501: 7487: 7486: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7432: 7422: 7420: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7380: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7307: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7280: 7279: 7275: 7265: 7263: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7244: 7242: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7189: 7157: 7109: 7057: 7017: 7012: 6845:Cumulus humilis 6839:Cumulus fractus 6749:Accessory cloud 6745: 6665:Fallstreak hole 6649:Aviaticus cloud 6645: 6536: 6424: 6366: 6319: 6314: 6255: 5851:Mutatus mother 5819: 5770: 5703: 5645: 5580: 5546: 5514: 5509: 5469: 4961: 4900: 4889: 4881: 4876: 4829: 4798: 4773: 4768: 4737: 4695: 4687: 4682: 4625: 4618: 4589: 4582: 4411: 4322: 4231: 4185: 4145: 4140: 4093: 3815: 3810: 3699:Spissatus (Spi) 3693:Nebulosus (Neb) 3687:Mediocris (Med) 3623:Congestus (Con) 3610: 3460: 3449: 3378: 3331: 3319:Stratus fractus 3309: 3270: 3223: 3197: 3185:Cumulus humilis 3176:Cumulus fractus 3172: 3149: 3046: 2894: 2845: 2819: 2811: 2744: 2724: 2708: 2670: 2609:Accessory cloud 2582: 2574: 2566: 2538: 2533: 2428: 2409: 2389: 2367:Abbreviations: 2357: 2196: 2188: 2163: 2098: 2089: 2032:Accessory cloud 1992: 1903: 1895: 1864: 1781: 1607: 1548: 1522:Fallstreak hole 1475: 1467: 1410: 1369: 1344: 1301: 1232: 1149: 1116:Lenticular, or 1098: 1066: 990: 879: 831:Cirrus fibratus 803: 774: 761: 748: 724: 703: 688:mother-of-pearl 669: 572: 548: 509:Cumulus humilis 318: 313: 308: 303: 299:non-convective 298: 294: 292: 290: 283: 256: 167: 155:very high level 93:cumulonimbiform 28: 27:Types of clouds 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9412: 9410: 9402: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9381: 9380: 9376: 9375: 9373:Earth sciences 9363: 9351: 9339: 9327: 9315: 9292: 9291: 9288: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9280: 9277: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9262: 9259:Mother clouds 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9211: 9209:Undulatus (un) 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9184:Lacunosus (la) 9181: 9175: 9173: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9129: 9127: 9121:Low-level-only 9118: 9117: 9115: 9114: 9108: 9101: 9099: 9096:Low-level-only 9093: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9054: 9052: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 9002: 8996: 8994: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8966: 8960: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8950: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8919: 8917: 8908: 8900: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8865: 8859: 8854: 8847: 8845: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8826: 8824: 8815: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8780: 8778: 8771: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8753: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8695: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8668: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8647: 8641: 8639: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8595: 8593: 8584: 8578: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8523: 8521: 8512: 8503: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8476: 8472: 8470: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8458: 8455: 8451: 8449: 8440: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8400: 8398: 8386: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8266: 8265:External links 8263: 8260: 8259: 8234: 8213: 8188: 8173: 8153: 8118: 8096: 8071: 8060:on 2 June 2016 8034: 8009: 7977: 7963: 7945:"Final Report" 7935: 7917: 7885: 7853: 7831: 7810: 7796: 7780:, ed. (1975). 7758: 7737: 7723: 7707:, ed. (1975). 7651: 7581: 7511: 7471: 7430: 7401: 7366: 7352: 7328: 7295: 7273: 7251: 7226: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7140: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7123:hydrosulfate. 7108: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7100:carbon dioxide 7096: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7081: 7078: 7077:High cirriform 7075: 7072: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7025:carbon dioxide 7021:sulfur dioxide 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7000: 6996: 6989: 6986: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6939: 6928: 6922: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6788: 6785: 6776:Anvil rollover 6770: 6769: 6766: 6755: 6752: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6724: 6719: 6707: 6698: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6662: 6651: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5849: 5848:Genitus mother 5846: 5843: 5840: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5804: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5781: 5774: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5201: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5010: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4886: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4586: 4584: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3676: 3675: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3633:Fibratus (Fib) 3631: 3624: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3579: 3576: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3551: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3526: 3512: 3509: 3495: 3492: 3478: 3475: 3459: 3456: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3305: 3288:Abbreviation: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3171: 3168: 3159:Abbreviation: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2829:Abbreviation: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2707: 2704: 2696:Abbreviation: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2548:Abbreviation: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2388: 2385: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2162: 2159: 2116:Abbreviation: 2097: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1874:Abbreviation: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1574: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1528:Abbreviation: 1474: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1343: 1340: 1311:Abbreviation: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1204: 1202: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1172: 1170: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1134: 1127: 1121: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1097: 1094: 1076:Abbreviation: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1000: 997: 994: 989: 986: 985: 984: 981: 973: 972: 971: 970: 968: 965: 963: 954: 950: 949: 948: 947: 945: 942: 940: 927: 923: 922: 921: 920: 906: 900: 897: 889: 886: 883: 878: 875: 874: 873: 870: 867:Cirrus floccus 864: 861: 855: 852: 846: 843: 840:Cirrus uncinus 837: 834: 802: 799: 776:Abbreviation: 773: 770: 760: 757: 747: 744: 743: 742: 731: 723: 720: 719: 718: 707: 702: 699: 668: 665: 664: 663: 662: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 640: 636: 635: 634: 633: 630: 627: 624: 618: 614: 613: 612: 611: 608: 605: 602: 596: 593: 590: 571: 568: 547: 544: 541: 540: 538: 536: 534: 532: 523: 522:Surface-level 519: 518: 516: 506: 500: 498: 492: 488: 487: 485: 479: 477: 475: 469: 465: 464: 458: 452: 450: 448: 446: 442: 441: 439: 437: 431: 429: 423: 419: 418: 416: 414: 408: 402: 396: 392: 391: 389: 387: 376: 365: 352: 348: 347: 345: 343: 337: 331: 325: 324:Extreme-level 321: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 291: 288: 255: 252: 224: 223: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 217: 209: 206: 199: 187: 181: 166: 163: 115:manufacturing 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9411: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9338: 9328: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9300: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9257: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9235:Fluctus (flu) 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9199:Radiatus (ra) 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9170: 9167: 9161: 9150: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9119: 9113:Funnel cloud) 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9094: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9038: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9012: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8842: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8805: 8799: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8681: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665:mutatus cloud 8661: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8625: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8579: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8489: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8463: 8456: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8429:Stratospheric 8426: 8411: 8408: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8394: 8390: 8387: 8383:Extreme-level 8381: 8378: 8376: 8372: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8356: 8349: 8344: 8342: 8337: 8335: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8248: 8241: 8239: 8235: 8224: 8217: 8214: 8199: 8192: 8189: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8157: 8154: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8122: 8119: 8107: 8100: 8097: 8084: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8039: 8035: 8024: 8023:New Scientist 8020: 8013: 8010: 7999:on 2016-05-16 7995: 7988: 7981: 7978: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7953: 7946: 7939: 7936: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7918: 7907:on 2016-07-25 7903: 7896: 7895:"Cloud Atlas" 7889: 7886: 7875:on 2011-11-16 7871: 7864: 7857: 7854: 7841: 7835: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7811: 7799: 7797:92-63-10407-7 7793: 7789: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7738: 7726: 7724:92-63-10407-7 7720: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7460: 7459:"Cloud Atlas" 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7419: 7415: 7408: 7406: 7402: 7386: 7379: 7378: 7370: 7367: 7355: 7353:92-63-10407-7 7349: 7345: 7341: 7340: 7332: 7329: 7313: 7306: 7299: 7296: 7284: 7277: 7274: 7262: 7255: 7252: 7241: 7237: 7230: 7227: 7215: 7208: 7205: 7198: 7194: 7193:Cloud species 7191: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7144:thunderstorms 7141: 7138: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7119:crystals and 7118: 7114: 7106: 7101: 7097: 7095:Surface-based 7094: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7054: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7014: 7010:Other planets 7009: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6713: 6712:flammagenitus 6708: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6689: 6684: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480:Stratocumulus 6479: 6475: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5981:stratocumulo 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5844: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5784:Flammagenitus 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5754:Stratogenitus 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5736:Cumulogenitus 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5615:Stratocumulus 5614: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5297:Praecipitatio 5296: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5276: 5269: 5266: 5258: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5193: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5144: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4971: 4969:Praecipitatio 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4860:Stratocumulus 4859: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4587: 4585: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4494: 4491: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4441:Pattern-based 4440: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4414:Opacity-based 4413: 4412: 4409:WMO varieties 4408: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276:Stratocumulus 4275: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754:Species (L-R) 3753: 3749: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3719: 3717:Volutus (Vol) 3716: 3713: 3711:Uncinus (Unc) 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3654:Humilis (Hum) 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3639:Floccus (Flo) 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3582:Stratocumulus 3580: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3388: 3386:Praecipitatio 3385: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3291: 3282: 3274: 3268:Genus stratus 3267: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3063: 3061:Praecipitatio 3060: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2837:stratocumulus 2833: 2832: 2823: 2816: 2814: 2808: 2803: 2801:Mother clouds 2800: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2758: 2756:Praecipitatio 2755: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2690: 2682: 2674: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2600: 2598:Praecipitatio 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2563: 2561: 2560:troposphere. 2558: 2553: 2551: 2542: 2535: 2530: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2514:Mother clouds 2513: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2442:Praecipitatio 2441: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2361: 2354: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2213: 2211:Praecipitatio 2210: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2132:thunderstorms 2129: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2110: 2102: 2095: 2093: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2006:Praecipitatio 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1503: 1495: 1487: 1479: 1472: 1470: 1464: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1401: 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898: 895: 892: 891: 890: 887: 884: 882:Opacity-based 881: 880: 876: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 828: 823: 815: 807: 800: 798: 795: 793: 789: 785: 780: 779: 771: 769: 767: 758: 756: 754: 745: 740: 736: 732: 729: 726: 725: 721: 716: 715:sulfuric acid 712: 708: 705: 704: 700: 698: 696: 692: 689: 685: 681: 673: 666: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 643: 641: 638: 637: 631: 628: 625: 622: 621: 619: 616: 615: 609: 606: 603: 600: 599: 597: 594: 591: 588: 587: 586: 584: 576: 569: 567: 565: 561: 556: 552: 545: 539: 537: 535: 533: 531: 527: 524: 521: 520: 517: 514: 510: 507: 504: 503:Stratocumulus 501: 499: 496: 493: 490: 489: 486: 483: 480: 478: 476: 473: 470: 467: 466: 462: 459: 456: 453: 451: 449: 447: 444: 443: 440: 438: 435: 432: 430: 427: 424: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 394: 393: 390: 388: 386: 383: 380: 377: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 356: 353: 350: 349: 346: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 323: 322: 316: 311: 306: 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Retrieved 8226:. Retrieved 8216: 8205:. Retrieved 8191: 8163: 8156: 8144:. Retrieved 8140:the original 8131: 8121: 8110:. Retrieved 8099: 8087:. Retrieved 8062:. Retrieved 8058:the original 8049: 8026:. Retrieved 8022: 8012: 8001:. Retrieved 7994:the original 7980: 7966: 7955:. Retrieved 7938: 7929: 7920: 7909:. Retrieved 7902:the original 7888: 7877:. Retrieved 7870:the original 7856: 7844:. Retrieved 7834: 7818: 7813: 7801:. Retrieved 7782: 7745: 7740: 7728:. Retrieved 7709: 7642:. Retrieved 7638:the original 7633: 7572:. Retrieved 7568:the original 7563: 7502:. Retrieved 7498:the original 7462:. Retrieved 7421:. Retrieved 7417: 7392:. Retrieved 7385:the original 7376: 7369: 7357:. Retrieved 7338: 7331: 7321:15 September 7319:. Retrieved 7312:the original 7298: 7286:. Retrieved 7276: 7264:. Retrieved 7254: 7243:. Retrieved 7229: 7217:. Retrieved 7207: 7158: 7110: 7058: 7018: 6925:Funnel cloud 6879:Cumulonimbus 6809:funnel cloud 6735: 6715: 6711: 6694: 6690:in Australia 6670: 6658: 6370:Nimbostratus 6259:Cumulonimbus 6092:Cirrostratus 6041:Cirrocumulus 5951:stratocumulo 5831: 5826: 5822: 5820: 5807:Silvagenitus 5800: 5777: 5718:Cirrogenitus 5550:Nimbostratus 5473:Cumulonimbus 5381:Cirrostratus 5353:Cirrocumulus 5263: 5142: 4802:Nimbostratus 4741:Cumulonimbus 4635:Cirrostratus 4603:Cirrocumulus 4561:Vertebratus 4537:Translucidus 4488: 4431:Translucidus 4189:Nimbostratus 3961:Cirrostratus 3917:Cirrocumulus 3837:Lenticularis 3834:Stratiformis 3819:(no species) 3744: 3723: 3661:Lenticularis 3589: 3585: 3572: 3568: 3565:Nimbostratus 3547: 3543: 3540:Cumulonimbus 3522: 3518: 3515:Cirrostratus 3505: 3501: 3498:Cirrocumulus 3488: 3484: 3471: 3467: 3451: 3450: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3224: 3164: 3160: 3158: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2812: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2575: 2567: 2557:nimbostratus 2554: 2549: 2547: 2469:shelf clouds 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2189: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2090: 1896: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1468: 1327:cirrostratus 1324: 1312: 1310: 1089: 1085:cirrocumulus 1082: 1077: 1075: 980:, or floccus 796: 781: 777: 775: 772:Genus cirrus 766:ice crystals 762: 749: 694: 678: 581: 549: 511:(Cu hum) or 472:Nimbostratus 461:Cumulonimbus 411:Cirrocumulus 399:Cirrostratus 265: 244:solar system 233: 225: 214:nimbostratus 190:tropospheric 172: 168: 158: 154: 144: 139: 135: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 74: 69: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 38: 9389:Cloud types 9325:Environment 9250:Virga (vir) 9240:Mamma (mam) 9230:Cavum (cav) 9189:Opacus (op) 9138:Velum (vel) 9111:Tuba ((tub) 8864:Wall cloud) 8853:Tail cloud) 8770:Multi-level 8510:Cirrus (Ci) 8393:Noctilucent 8375:Mesospheric 8315:(in Polish) 8249:. Space.com 8108:. SPACE.com 6980:Shelf cloud 6962:Pyrocumulus 6796:mesocyclone 6782:Arcus cloud 6716:homogenitus 6701:Pyrocumulus 6688:Mount Duval 6659:homogenitus 6202:Altostratus 6148:Altocumulus 5975:nimbostrato 5972:cumulonimbo 5966:cirrostrato 5963:cirrocumulo 5945:nimbostrato 5942:cumulonimbo 5936:cirrostrato 5933:cirrocumulo 5801:homomutatus 5793:Homogenitus 5438:Altostratus 5410:Altocumulus 5283:Cloud-based 4705:Altostratus 4666:Altocumulus 4476:Vertebratus 4051:Altostratus 4006:Altocumulus 3864:Capillatus 3846:Castellanus 3628:cauliflower 3608:WMO species 3481:Altostratus 3464:Altocumulus 2252:(including 1882:altostratus 1536:altocumulus 1392:Undulating 1196:castellanus 999:Cloud-based 978:castellanus 976:Spissatus, 711:nitric acid 560:noctilucent 434:Altocumulus 426:Altostratus 395:High-level 355:Nitric acid 340:Noctilucent 334:Noctilucent 330:(NLC) veils 328:Noctilucent 312:Cumuliform 297:Stratiform 236:atmospheres 178:mesospheric 151:mesospheric 109:Luke Howard 91:heaps, and 61:troposphere 53:multi-level 18:Cloud types 9383:Categories 9163:Non-height 8500:High-level 8253:2013-11-05 8228:2011-01-31 8207:2007-02-01 8112:2008-10-19 8089:26 January 8028:2013-11-05 8003:2013-11-05 7957:2014-10-06 7911:2014-08-26 7879:2011-09-15 7846:23 October 7574:4 February 7504:31 January 7464:1 February 7423:7 November 7394:31 January 7245:2012-08-22 7173:Stratiform 7113:tropopause 7035:Stratiform 7003:Wall cloud 6993:wall cloud 6974:Scud cloud 6946:tropopause 6722:Roll cloud 5957:altostrato 5954:altocumulo 5927:altostrato 5924:altocumulo 4888:Str, Cas 4546:Duplicatus 4540:Perlucidus 4481:vertebrate 4446:Duplicatus 4425:Perlucidus 3458:WMO genera 2124:tropopause 1743:downdrafts 1675:Duplicatus 1571:turbulence 910:vertebrate 555:mesosphere 491:Low-level 422:Mid-level 379:Lenticular 302:Cirriform 269:homosphere 89:cumuliform 77:stratiform 9361:Geography 9337:Astronomy 9172:Varieties 9126:and other 8964:Horseshoe 8890:Hot tower 8801:Low-level 8777:Varieties 8183:527635272 7803:26 August 7730:26 August 7359:26 August 7167:Cirriform 7127:Cirriform 6942:Hot tower 6763:supercell 6425:mediocris 6315:congestus 5581:mediocris 5510:congestus 5141:WMO term 5036:Asperitas 4830:mediocris 4769:congestus 4694:Str, Cas 4624:Str, Cas 4555:Lacunosus 4549:Undulatus 4470:Undulatus 4458:Lacunosus 4232:mediocris 4141:congestus 3858:Congestus 3855:Mediocris 3831:Spissatus 3822:Nebulosus 3674:or hills. 3672:mountains 3329:Varieties 3195:Varieties 2892:Varieties 2722:Varieties 2572:Varieties 2407:Varieties 2234:inversion 2186:Varieties 2155:tornadoes 2153:, and/or 2146:, strong 1901:Varieties 1738:Lacunosus 1705:Undulatus 1605:Varieties 1367:Varieties 1191:Lacunosus 1163:Undulatus 1147:Varieties 877:Varieties 368:Cirriform 238:of other 101:varieties 81:cirriform 51:(alto-), 9165:specific 8439:15–30 km 8385:80–85 km 8294:Archived 8223:"Saturn" 8146:15 April 8064:15 April 7266:30 March 7187:See also 7121:ammonium 6367:vertical 6365:Moderate 6256:vertical 6254:Towering 5827:complete 5547:vertical 5545:Moderate 5470:vertical 5468:Towering 5137:Mammatus 4799:vertical 4797:Moderate 4738:vertical 4736:Towering 4558:Intortus 4552:Radiatus 4464:Radiatus 4452:Intortus 4186:vertical 4184:Moderate 4094:vertical 4092:Towering 3825:Fibratus 3816:name L-R 3814:Species 2244:Mammatus 2128:air mass 1886:air mass 1650:Radiatus 917:skeleton 728:Nacreous 695:nacreous 564:twilight 484:(Cu med) 457:(Cu con) 382:nacreous 371:nacreous 79:sheets; 35:species. 9313:Weather 9299:Portals 9147:Other- 9050:Species 8992:Species 8923:Fractus 8915:Species 8822:Species 8702:Species 8637:Species 8591:Species 8519:Species 8502:3–18 km 7819:Weather 7746:Weather 7288:31 July 7219:4 April 7161:methane 7117:ammonia 6919:tornado 6821:Cumulus 6736:volutus 6695:fluctus 6673:(hole). 6655:engines 6589:Stratus 6537:humilis 6535:Cumulus 6423:Cumulus 6313:Cumulus 5921:Abbrev. 5856:Abbrev. 5823:mutatus 5673:Stratus 5646:humilis 5644:Cumulus 5579:Cumulus 5508:Cumulus 5291:Abbrev. 5096:Fluctus 4928:Stratus 4901:humilis 4899:Cumulus 4828:Cumulus 4767:Cumulus 4534:Abbrev. 4502:Abbrev. 4365:Stratus 4323:humilis 4321:Cumulus 4230:Cumulus 4139:Cumulus 3852:Humilis 3849:Fractus 3843:Floccus 3840:Volutus 3828:Uncinus 3757:Abbrev. 3646:Fractus 3599:Stratus 3590:cumulus 3586:stratus 3573:stratus 3557:Cumulus 3544:cumulus 3523:stratus 3506:cumulus 3489:stratus 3472:cumulus 3307:Species 3296:stratus 3170:Species 2843:Species 2706:Species 2564:Species 2552:(V-60) 2387:Species 2260:clouds) 2161:Species 2148:outflow 2140:showers 1893:Species 1342:Species 1131:turrets 1090:strato- 931:horizon 801:Species 792:weather 739:sunrise 515:(Cu fr) 513:fractus 495:Stratus 273:cumulus 242:in our 240:planets 192:layer. 128:science 121:amateur 119:and an 117:chemist 113:British 97:species 65:cumulus 9107:Shelf) 8803:0–2 km 8685:2–8 km 8358:genera 8181: 8171: 7825: 7794: 7752: 7721: 7644:2 July 7350: 7029:planet 6955:anvil. 6540:Cu hum 6428:Cu med 6320:or Tcu 6318:Cu con 6145:Middle 5989:Cirrus 5978:strato 5969:cumulo 5948:strato 5939:cumulo 5839:Level 5803:cloud. 5649:Cu hum 5584:Cu med 5515:or Tcu 5513:Cu con 5407:Middle 5326:Cirrus 5318:Velum 5315:Pileus 5312:Pannus 5271:Level 5226:Pileus 5205:Pannus 4904:Cu hum 4833:Cu med 4774:or Tcu 4772:Cu con 4663:Middle 4569:Cirrus 4543:Opacus 4496:Level 4419:Opacus 4326:Cu hum 4235:Cu med 4146:or Tcu 4144:Cu con 4003:Middle 3872:Cirrus 3861:Calvus 3809:Genus 3751:Level 3618:turret 3569:nimbus 3548:nimbus 3532:Cirrus 3519:cirrus 3502:cirrus 3321:(V-89) 3187:(V-87) 3178:(V-86) 2884:(V-66) 2875:(V-65) 2866:(V-64) 2857:(V-63) 2714:(V-61) 2615:Pannus 2498:Pileus 2492:Pannus 2395:(V-59) 2369:Cu con 2284:Pannus 2178:(V-58) 2169:(V-57) 2039:Pannus 1976:(V-55) 1714:(V-40) 1597:(V-29) 1588:(V-28) 1579:(V-27) 1562:(V-26) 1359:(V-23) 1350:(V-22) 1243:Light 1209:(V-19) 1177:(V-17) 1139:(V-15) 1126:(V-14) 1113:(V-13) 1104:(V-12) 962:(V-10) 735:sunset 691:colors 639:Type 4 617:Type 3 595:Type 2 589:Type 1 551:Clouds 405:Cirrus 357:& 186:layer; 180:layer; 105:clouds 49:middle 9349:Stars 8957:Other 8395:(NLC) 8355:Cloud 8201:(PDF) 7997:(PDF) 7990:(PDF) 7948:(PDF) 7905:(PDF) 7898:(PDF) 7873:(PDF) 7866:(PDF) 7788:17–20 7715:22–24 7388:(PDF) 7381:(PDF) 7315:(PDF) 7308:(PDF) 7163:gas. 7061:water 7015:Venus 6714:, or 6671:cavum 5960:cirro 5930:cirro 5845:Class 5842:Name 5306:Arcus 5303:Mamma 5300:Incus 5294:Virga 5277:Class 5274:Name 5247:Velum 5162:Murus 5143:mamma 5116:Incus 5076:Cauda 5056:Cavum 5015:Arcus 4990:Virga 4499:Name 3668:waves 3663:(Len) 3648:(Fra) 3485:altus 3468:altus 3076:Mamma 3055:Virga 2791:Velum 2771:Mamma 2750:Virga 2591:Virga 2504:Velum 2457:Mamma 2436:Virga 2375:) or 2296:Velum 2258:shelf 2250:Arcus 2239:Mamma 2227:Incus 2205:Virga 2151:winds 2021:Mamma 2000:Virga 1804:Mamma 1789:Virga 1540:virga 1394:waves 1259:Mamma 1240:Virga 1004:Mamma 939:(V-8) 905:(V-7) 896:(V-6) 869:(V-5) 860:(V-4) 851:(V-3) 842:(V-2) 833:(V-1) 788:storm 684:polar 463:(Cb) 364:(PSC) 359:water 342:bands 293:Level 228:cloud 8947:ICAO 8319:NOAA 8179:OCLC 8169:ISBN 8148:2011 8091:2013 8066:2011 7848:2012 7823:ISBN 7805:2014 7792:ISBN 7750:ISBN 7732:2014 7719:ISBN 7646:2012 7576:2012 7506:2011 7466:2012 7425:2014 7396:2011 7361:2014 7348:ISBN 7323:2011 7290:2017 7268:2017 7240:NASA 7221:2017 7055:Mars 7023:and 6936:hail 6703:and 5986:High 5323:High 5309:Tuba 5182:Tuba 4880:Str 4875:Str 4686:Str 4681:Str 4617:Str 4598:Fib 4588:Fib 4581:Fib 4566:High 4529:Ver 4134:(5) 3869:High 3811:name 3804:Cap 3588:and 3571:and 3546:and 3521:and 3504:and 3487:and 3470:and 2477:Tuba 2467:and 2465:roll 2266:Tuba 2256:and 2254:roll 2144:hail 2136:rain 1636:moon 1332:snow 1118:lens 914:fish 784:rain 737:and 530:mist 505:(Sc) 497:(St) 474:(Ns) 436:(Ac) 428:(As) 413:(Cc) 407:(Ci) 401:(Cs) 289:Form 149:and 140:mist 138:and 111:, a 45:high 39:The 9026:Fog 8366:WMO 7065:ice 6999:Cb. 6932:fog 6477:Low 5916:Sc 5612:Low 4944:Neb 4939:Neb 4934:Neb 4917:Hum 4890:Flo 4885:Str 4882:Len 4877:Len 4872:Str 4869:Str 4866:Str 4857:Low 4846:Med 4696:Flo 4691:Str 4688:Len 4683:Len 4678:Str 4675:Str 4672:Str 4650:Fib 4647:Fib 4626:Flo 4619:Len 4595:Fib 4590:Unc 4583:Unc 4526:Int 4523:Lac 4520:Rad 4517:Und 4514:Dup 4511:Opa 4508:Per 4505:Tra 4392:(1) 4373:(1) 4352:(4) 4349:(4) 4304:(3) 4301:(3) 4298:(3) 4295:(3) 4292:(3) 4273:Low 4262:(4) 4195:(1) 4175:(4) 4131:(5) 4057:(1) 4034:(3) 4031:(3) 4028:(3) 4025:(3) 4022:(3) 3972:(1) 3969:(1) 3944:(3) 3941:(3) 3936:(3) 3933:(3) 3900:(2) 3897:(2) 3888:(2) 3885:(2) 3882:(2) 3801:Cal 3798:Con 3795:Med 3792:Hum 3789:Fra 3786:Cas 3783:Flo 3780:Vol 3777:Len 3774:Str 3771:Spi 3768:Unc 3765:Fib 3762:Neb 3301:fog 2377:Tcu 2138:or 1620:sun 912:or 528:or 526:Fog 385:PSC 374:PSC 248:sun 136:fog 57:low 9385:: 8364:- 8237:^ 8177:. 8134:. 8130:. 8074:^ 8052:. 8048:. 8037:^ 8021:. 7950:. 7928:. 7790:. 7761:^ 7717:. 7654:^ 7632:. 7584:^ 7562:. 7514:^ 7492:. 7474:^ 7433:^ 7416:. 7404:^ 7346:. 7344:66 7238:. 7067:. 6636:+ 6592:St 6584:+ 6483:Sc 6472:+ 6418:+ 6373:Ns 6262:Cb 6205:As 6151:Ac 6095:Cs 6044:Cc 5992:Ci 5913:St 5910:Ns 5907:Cb 5904:Cu 5901:Cs 5898:Cc 5895:Ci 5892:As 5889:Ac 5886:Sc 5883:St 5880:Ns 5877:Cb 5874:Cu 5871:Cs 5868:Cc 5865:Ci 5862:As 5859:Ac 5676:St 5618:Sc 5607:+ 5553:Ns 5540:+ 5503:+ 5476:Cb 5441:As 5413:Ac 5384:Cs 5356:Cc 5329:Ci 4931:St 4863:Sc 4805:Ns 4744:Cb 4708:As 4669:Ac 4638:Cs 4606:Cc 4572:Ci 4368:St 4279:Sc 4192:Ns 4100:Cb 4054:As 4009:Ac 3964:Cs 3920:Cc 3875:Ci 3454:. 3290:St 3161:Cu 2831:Sc 2698:Cu 2550:Ns 2383:) 2134:, 2118:Cb 1876:As 1530:Ac 1313:Cs 1080:. 1078:Cc 794:. 778:Ci 697:. 657:4C 651:4B 645:4A 629:3B 623:3A 607:2B 601:2A 9301:: 8945:( 8941:( 8937:( 8347:e 8340:t 8333:v 8256:. 8231:. 8210:. 8185:. 8150:. 8115:. 8093:. 8068:. 8031:. 8006:. 7974:. 7960:. 7932:. 7914:. 7882:. 7850:. 7829:. 7807:. 7756:. 7734:. 7648:. 7578:. 7508:. 7468:. 7427:. 7398:. 7363:. 7325:. 7292:. 7270:. 7248:. 7223:. 7063:- 6948:. 6921:. 6798:. 6765:. 6738:. 6697:. 6633:+ 6614:+ 6595:+ 6559:+ 6556:+ 6553:+ 6528:+ 6525:+ 6510:+ 6503:+ 6500:+ 6497:+ 6488:+ 6469:+ 6450:+ 6431:+ 6401:+ 6398:+ 6389:+ 6386:+ 6300:+ 6287:+ 6282:+ 6277:+ 6268:+ 6265:+ 6245:+ 6238:+ 6221:+ 6208:+ 6195:+ 6192:+ 6183:+ 6178:+ 6167:+ 6164:+ 6128:+ 6125:+ 6120:+ 6111:+ 6104:+ 6077:+ 6072:+ 6067:+ 6026:+ 6009:+ 6002:+ 5995:+ 5780:. 5654:+ 5629:+ 5624:+ 5621:+ 5604:+ 5595:+ 5590:+ 5587:+ 5570:+ 5559:+ 5556:+ 5537:+ 5534:+ 5529:+ 5526:+ 5521:+ 5518:+ 5500:+ 5497:+ 5494:+ 5491:+ 5488:+ 5485:+ 5482:+ 5479:+ 5459:+ 5452:+ 5447:+ 5444:+ 5423:+ 5416:+ 5366:+ 5359:+ 5338:+ 4725:+ 4722:+ 4719:+ 4716:+ 4711:+ 4483:. 3592:) 3584:( 3575:) 3567:( 3550:) 3542:( 3525:) 3517:( 3508:) 3500:( 3491:) 3483:( 3474:) 3466:( 2471:) 2379:( 2371:( 1638:. 1573:. 1396:. 919:. 282:. 20:)

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