357:
224:
341:
2254:
40:
328:
in 2004 were compared with that gathered by optical telescopes. One of the X-ray components (A) in the
Cloverleaf is brighter than the others in both optical and X-ray light but was found to be relatively brighter in X-ray than in optical light. The X-rays from iron atoms were also enhanced relative
252:
in our galaxy. Microlensing occurs when a star or a multiple star system passes in front of light from a background object. If a single star or a multiple star system in one of the foreground galaxies passed in front of the light path for the brightest image, then that image would be selectively
193:
Molecular gas (notably CO) detected in the host galaxy associated with the quasar is the oldest molecular material known and provides evidence of large-scale star formation in the early universe. Thanks to the strong magnification provided by the foreground
235:
from iron atoms were also enhanced relative to X-rays at lower energies. Since the amount of brightening due to gravitational lensing doesn't vary with the wavelength, this means that an additional object has magnified the X-rays. The increased
356:
596:
Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Zhi-Yu; Nightingale, James W.; Zou, Ze-Cheng; Cao, Xiaoyue; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Yang, Chentao; Shi, Yong; Wang, Junzhi; Xu, Dandan; Lin, Ling-Rui; Zhou, Jing; Li, Ran (2023-09-01).
340:
305:
231:
The 4 quasar images were originally discovered in 1984; in 1988, they were determined to be a single quasar split into four images, instead of 4 separate quasars. The
804:
R. Barvainis; L. Tacconi; R. Antonucci; D. Alloin; P. Coleman (2002). "Extremely strong carbon monoxide emission from the
Cloverleaf quasar at a redshift of 2.5".
284:, around the central black hole. The visible light is coming from a region ten or more times larger. The angular size of these regions at a distance of 11 billion
2276:
927:
292:. This provides a way to test models for the flow of gas around a supermassive black hole. Additionally, inner regions of the quasar's
227:
CCD image of the
Cloverleaf quasar taken in March 1988 by the ESO/MPI 2.2m telescope. The four separated images are part of the quasar.
743:"Deconvolution of HST images of the Cloverleaf gravitational lens : detection of the lensing galaxy and a partial Einstein ring"
280:
would be due to this same effect. The analysis indicates that the X-rays are coming from a very small region, about the size of the
478:
P. Solomon; P. Vanden Bout; C. Carilli; M. Guelin (2003). "The
Essential Signature of a Massive Starburst in a Distant Quasar".
223:
947:
543:
104:
44:
2204:
661:"Chandra :: Photo Album :: Cloverleaf Quasar (a.k.a. H1413+117) :: More Images of the Cloverleaf Quasar"
957:
198:, the Cloverleaf is the brightest known source of CO emission at high redshift and was also the first source at a
1610:
1605:
1284:
936:
325:
1625:
1590:
208:
to be detected with HCN or HCO emission. This suggests the quasar is currently undergoing an intense wave of
920:
266:
269:
of the lensing galaxy that was smaller than the origin region of the visible light. The enhancement of the
1396:
347:
1730:
1126:
845:
422:
175:
864:
815:
764:
707:
619:
562:
499:
441:
288:
is tens of thousands times smaller than the smallest region that can be resolved by the Hubble Space
686:"Discovery of Probable Relativistic Fe Emission and Absorption in the Cloverleaf Quasar H 1413+117"
2186:
880:
854:
831:
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552:
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117:
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56:
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2035:
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1046:
872:
823:
806:
772:
768:
715:
627:
570:
507:
480:
449:
843:
C. M. Bradford; et al. (2009). "The Warm
Molecular Gas Around the Cloverleaf Quasar".
2090:
1600:
373:
154:
68:
1676:
1116:
1086:
1038:
1022:
999:
994:
660:
868:
819:
711:
623:
566:
541:
D. A. Riechers; et al. (2006). "First
Detection of HCO Emission at High Redshift".
503:
445:
2173:
1615:
1030:
1012:
989:
952:
396:
293:
209:
144:
QSO J1415+1129, QSO B1413+1143, H 1413+117, Clover Leaf Quasar
876:
324:
The
Cloverleaf quasar was discovered in 1988. Data on the Cloverleaf collected by the
2270:
2130:
2120:
2100:
1989:
1111:
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2105:
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835:
527:
420:
S. Venturini; P. M. Solomon (2003). "The
Molecular Disk in the Cloverleaf Quasar".
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1984:
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461:
362:
Graphic illustration of four images of the quasar caused by gravitational lensing.
220:
has also been found on the side of quasar according to a study published in 2023.
777:
742:
17:
2217:
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2030:
1979:
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684:
Chartas, G.; Eracleous, M.; Dai, X.; Agol, E.; Gallagher, S. (2007-06-01).
519:
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557:
494:
436:
199:
94:
511:
2075:
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2055:
2045:
2005:
1620:
1585:
1371:
249:
2020:
2015:
2010:
1721:
1357:
827:
316:. The Einstein ring represents the host galaxy of the lensed quasar.
270:
232:
178:
150:
719:
614:
574:
453:
859:
245:
222:
59:
900:"Cloverleaf Quasar: Chandra Looks Over a Cosmic Four-Leaf Clover"
296:
around the black hole has been detected suggesting outflow wind.
967:
277:
274:
909:
598:"Discovery of a radio jet in the Cloverleaf quasar at z = 2.56"
244:, an effect which has been used to search for compact
240:
of the X-ray light can be explained by gravitational
2203:
2172:
1998:
1972:
1729:
1720:
1698:
1642:
1568:
1395:
1283:
1125:
975:
966:
138:
130:
116:
103:
93:
81:
67:
52:
32:
741:Chantry, Virginie; Magain, Pierre (August 2007).
602:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
261:The X-rays would be magnified much more than the
265:if they came from a region around the central
921:
185:spitting the single quasar into four images.
88:+11° 29 ′ 43.4 ″
8:
2200:
2169:
1726:
1695:
1639:
972:
928:
914:
906:
312:resolved the lensing galaxy and a partial
38:
858:
776:
758:
701:
631:
613:
556:
493:
435:
346:Quadruple image of the quasar taken with
27:Rare example of a quadruply-lensed quasar
300:Lensing galaxy and partial Einstein ring
121:
385:
336:
29:
7:
655:
653:
651:
473:
471:
33:Cloverleaf, H1413+117, QSO 1415+1129
134:Four-image lens, bright CO emission
181:. It receives its name because of
25:
2253:
2252:
355:
339:
2277:Gravitationally lensed quasars
47:image of the Cloverleaf quasar
1:
544:Astrophysical Journal Letters
329:to X-rays at lower energies.
747:Astronomy & Astrophysics
948:Boötes in Chinese astronomy
877:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/112
2298:
778:10.1051/0004-6361:20066839
2250:
2199:
2168:
1694:
1638:
943:
690:The Astrophysical Journal
326:Chandra X-ray Observatory
148:
143:
37:
1626:ZTF J153932.16+502738.8
1591:2MASS J15031961+2525196
958:List of stars in Boötes
937:Constellation of Boötes
898:Chandra at Havard CfA,
769:2007A&A...470..467C
397:"The Cloverleaf quasar"
267:supermassive black hole
633:10.1093/mnras/stad2069
348:Hubble Space Telescope
228:
176:gravitationally lensed
846:Astrophysical Journal
423:Astrophysical Journal
226:
183:gravitational lensing
1652:HD 136418 b (Awasis)
212:thus increasing its
2205:Astronomical events
869:2009ApJ...705..112B
820:1994Natur.371..586B
712:2007ApJ...661..678C
665:chandra.harvard.edu
624:2023MNRAS.524.3671Z
567:2006ApJ...645L..13R
512:10.1038/nature02149
504:2003Natur.426..636S
446:2003ApJ...590..740V
1033:(Asellus Secundus)
902:, 20 February 2009
229:
139:Other designations
118:Apparent magnitude
2264:
2263:
2246:
2245:
2195:
2194:
2187:IDCS J1426.5+3508
2164:
2163:
2041:Cloverleaf quasar
1716:
1715:
1690:
1689:
1634:
1633:
1041:(Asellus Tertius)
814:(6498): 586–588.
488:(6967): 636–638.
164:Cloverleaf quasar
160:
159:
123:
63:
53:Observation data
18:Cloverleaf Quasar
16:(Redirected from
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2256:
2255:
2201:
2170:
1727:
1696:
1640:
1555:136418 (Nikawiy)
1510:131496 (Arcalís)
1025:(Asellus Primus)
973:
930:
923:
916:
907:
888:
862:
839:
828:10.1038/371586a0
791:
790:
780:
762:
760:astro-ph/0612094
738:
732:
731:
705:
703:astro-ph/0702742
681:
675:
674:
672:
671:
657:
646:
645:
635:
617:
608:(3): 3671–3682.
593:
587:
586:
560:
558:astro-ph/0605437
538:
532:
531:
497:
495:astro-ph/0312436
475:
466:
465:
439:
437:astro-ph/0210529
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131:Notable features
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2191:
2174:Galaxy clusters
2160:
2156:ULAS J1342+0928
2126:SDSS J1430+2303
2096:Maisie's Galaxy
2091:MACS 1423-z7p64
2081:IRAS 13349+2438
2036:CLASS B1359+154
1994:
1968:
1712:
1686:
1630:
1611:SDSS J1433+1011
1606:SDSS J1416+1348
1576:CFBDSIR 1458+10
1564:
1391:
1279:
1121:
962:
939:
934:
895:
842:
803:
800:
798:Further reading
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374:List of quasars
370:
363:
360:
351:
344:
335:
322:
302:
259:
210:star formations
202:
191:
174:) is a bright,
155:List of quasars
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73:
69:Right ascension
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1628:
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1618:
1616:TVLM 513-46546
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:PSR J1544+4937
1598:
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1588:
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1578:
1572:
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1123:
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1120:
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1109:
1104:
1099:
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1089:
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1079:
1074:
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1059:
1054:
1052:μ (Alkalurops)
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1028:
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893:External links
891:
890:
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792:
753:(2): 467–473.
733:
720:10.1086/516816
696:(2): 678–692.
676:
647:
588:
575:10.1086/505908
551:(1): L13–L16.
533:
467:
454:10.1086/375050
430:(2): 740–745.
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308:and a special
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294:accretion disk
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172:QSO J1415+1129
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2131:Teacup galaxy
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2117:
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2102:
2101:Markarian 463
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1700:Star clusters
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314:Einstein ring
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263:visible light
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2121:PKS 1345+125
2106:MS 1512-cB58
2086:LEDA 2108986
2040:
1364:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1001:
985:α (Arcturus)
850:
844:
811:
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693:
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668:. Retrieved
664:
605:
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404:. Retrieved
400:
388:
323:
303:
282:Solar System
260:
242:microlensing
230:
203:
192:
171:
167:
163:
161:
2218:GRB 080319B
2116:PGC 1470080
2111:PG 1543+489
2031:CEERS-93316
1672:HD 132406 b
1662:HD 128311 b
1018:η (Muphrid)
995:γ (Seginus)
953:Boötes Void
401:www.eso.org
286:light years
253:magnified.
83:Declination
2271:Categories
2238:SN 2020tlf
2213:GRB 990123
2182:Abell 1795
2026:CEERS-2112
1677:τ Boötis b
1644:Exoplanets
1581:Gliese 526
1425:125351 (A)
1047:λ (Xuange)
1002:(Princeps)
990:β (Nekkar)
853:(1): 112.
670:2024-08-28
615:2212.07027
406:2024-08-28
380:References
304:Data from
257:Black hole
214:luminosity
149:See also:
2233:SN 2005bc
2228:SN 2003fg
2051:EGS-zs8-1
1127:Flamsteed
860:0908.1818
787:0004-6361
728:0004-637X
642:0035-8711
310:algorithm
290:Telescope
218:radio jet
168:H1413+117
2258:Category
2223:SCP 06F6
2151:UGC 9796
2146:UGC 9684
2141:UGC 9425
2136:UGC 9128
1973:Numbered
1722:Galaxies
1708:NGC 5466
1682:WASP-14b
1657:HAT-P-4b
1596:LHS 2924
1285:Variable
1008:ε (Izar)
885:13889803
583:17504751
520:14668856
368:See also
200:redshift
105:Distance
95:Redshift
2076:IC 4516
2071:IC 4481
2066:IC 4462
2061:IC 4461
2056:EGSY8p7
2046:DDO 190
2006:Arp 302
1621:WASP-14
1586:HAT-P-4
1365:101 Vir
865:Bibcode
836:4246365
816:Bibcode
765:Bibcode
708:Bibcode
620:Bibcode
563:Bibcode
528:4414417
500:Bibcode
442:Bibcode
333:Gallery
320:History
250:planets
2282:Boötes
2021:3C 303
2016:3C 299
2011:3C 295
1560:141399
1550:135944
1545:135530
1540:135438
1535:134335
1530:134064
1525:132563
1520:132406
1515:132029
1505:131473
1500:131040
1495:130917
1490:130603
1485:130084
1480:129357
1475:129132
1470:128198
1465:128093
1460:127726
1455:127304
1450:126271
1445:126200
1440:126141
1435:126128
1430:125658
1420:125040
1415:122563
1410:118889
1405:118508
1270:47 (k)
1265:46 (b)
1260:45 (c)
1255:44 (i)
1210:24 (g)
1205:22 (f)
1175:12 (d)
883:
834:
807:Nature
785:
726:
640:
581:
526:
518:
481:Nature
462:761080
460:
306:NICMOS
271:X-rays
233:X-rays
206:= 2.56
189:Quasar
179:quasar
151:Quasar
120:
1999:Other
1569:Other
1150:6 (e)
977:Bayer
968:Stars
881:S2CID
855:arXiv
832:S2CID
755:arXiv
698:arXiv
610:arXiv
579:S2CID
553:arXiv
524:S2CID
490:arXiv
458:S2CID
432:arXiv
273:from
246:stars
60:J2000
57:Epoch
1964:5966
1959:5930
1954:5929
1949:5896
1944:5886
1939:5837
1934:5829
1929:5821
1924:5820
1919:5755
1914:5754
1909:5753
1904:5752
1899:5714
1894:5683
1889:5682
1884:5676
1879:5665
1874:5653
1869:5641
1864:5630
1859:5624
1854:5615
1849:5614
1844:5613
1839:5609
1834:5582
1829:5579
1824:5562
1819:5559
1814:5557
1809:5548
1804:5545
1799:5544
1794:5539
1789:5535
1784:5533
1779:5529
1774:5523
1769:5514
1764:5508
1759:5500
1754:5490
1749:5251
1744:5248
1739:5008
1363:CY (
783:ISSN
724:ISSN
638:ISSN
516:PMID
278:ions
275:iron
248:and
216:. A
196:lens
162:The
99:2.56
1990:III
1731:NGC
873:doi
851:705
824:doi
812:371
773:doi
751:470
716:doi
694:661
628:doi
606:524
571:doi
549:645
508:doi
486:426
450:doi
428:590
122:(V)
111:Gly
109:11
45:ESO
2273::
1985:II
1397:HD
1387:HP
1382:HN
1377:EK
1372:DE
1358:CX
1353:CR
1348:CP
1343:CI
1338:CH
1333:CE
1328:BY
1323:BX
1318:BP
1313:BL
1308:ZZ
1275:50
1250:40
1245:39
1235:34
1230:33
1225:32
1220:31
1215:26
1200:20
1195:18
1190:15
1185:14
1180:13
1170:11
1165:10
1039:κ
1031:ι
1023:θ
1000:δ
879:.
871:.
863:.
849:.
830:.
822:.
810:.
781:.
771:.
763:.
749:.
745:.
722:.
714:.
706:.
692:.
688:.
663:.
650:^
636:.
626:.
618:.
604:.
600:.
577:.
569:.
561:.
547:.
522:.
514:.
506:.
498:.
484:.
470:^
456:.
448:.
440:.
426:.
399:.
395:.
170:,
153:,
126:17
1980:I
1667:c
1367:)
1303:T
1298:S
1293:R
1160:9
1155:7
1145:3
1140:2
1135:1
1117:ω
1112:ψ
1107:χ
1102:φ
1097:υ
1092:τ
1087:σ
1082:ρ
1077:π
1072:ο
1067:ξ
1062:ν
1057:ν
1013:ζ
929:e
922:t
915:v
887:.
875::
867::
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838:.
826::
818::
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775::
767::
757::
730:.
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710::
700::
673:.
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630::
622::
612::
585:.
573::
565::
555::
530:.
510::
502::
492::
464:.
452::
444::
434::
409:.
350:.
204:z
166:(
62:)
55:(
20:)
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