239:
22:
172:". Fremantle appointed John George as superintendent of the islands and left after a 3-month vacation. The connection to Britain changed nothing in Ross's autonomous administration, and it was not until fifteen years later another British ship arrived for a complete survey of the island. Apparently, Fremantle annexed the islands by mistake, thinking he had arrived on the
183:
John George
Clunies-Ross received the Malay title of Tuan Pandai ('the learned one') due to his amateur medical knowledge and research into the natural history of the islands. The head of the family Clunies-Ross kept the title 'Tuan', a term that can be translated as 'sir'. He married S'pia Dupong, a
139:
that he "found the natives in a state of freedom". However, the article omitted the sentence that immediately followed: "but in most other points they are considered as slaves". Ross traded with Dutch vessels en route to Dutch ports on Java and
Sumatra, and became a naturalised Dutch subject; he had
207:
granted the islands in perpetuity to the
Clunies-Ross family. Representatives of the Government of the Straits Settlements were sent to the island each year and reports reflected that "members of the Clunies-Ross family are to-day in every sense of the word proprietors of the islands, for Mr George
111:, had settled on another of the islands with some runaway slaves. Hare soon departed, and Clunies-Ross alone obtained permanent rights by settlement. He planted hundreds of coconut palms and brought in Malay workers to the islands to harvest the nuts, building a business by selling
308:. He stated that he was initially frustrated with the 1978 transfer of the islands to Australia, but that he had changed his mind since then: "I was 21 and I'd been brought up to do the job. But even in the old man's time, it had become anachronistic. It had to change".
196:. In 1871, known as Tuan Tinggi, he became superintendent after his father died, then married Inin (1850–1889), a Malay of high-rank like his mother. It was during his administration, in 1885, that the first annual inspection by a representative of the
278:, with the exception of his house on Home Island, which was eventually purchased by the government in 1993. The Commonwealth had already been administering the islands since November 1955, with the proclamation of the Cocos (Keeling) Island Act 1955.
246:
John Sidney
Clunies-Ross was born in the Coco Islands on 13 November 1868, the son of George Clunies-Ross and Inin. Known as Tuan Ross, he inherited an economic disaster after a cyclone destroyed almost every house and coconut palm on
262:. John Sidney Clunies-Ross died of a heart attack during a Japanese bombing on the islands in August 1944. The British military took over control of Home Island until John Cecil Clunies-Ross returned to the Cocos on 6 July 1946.
208:
Clunies-Ross makes his own laws and interprets them, polices his little domain, provides his own coinage controls the entire trade and acts as 'the universal provider' to satisfy the wants of the community". According to
221:
In 1903, the islands were annexed to the
Straits Settlements and incorporated as part of the settlement of Singapore, without affecting the ownership of the territory. George Clunies-Ross died on 7 July 1910 at
445:
959:
115:. In the beginning, Javanese convicts were used as labourers and "crime of all kinds was rife", before "getting rid of the criminal class and obtaining a better type of Malay
1088:
1093:
779:
Irving, David R. M. (2019). "Strings across the ocean: practices, traditions, and histories of the Cocos Malay biola in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean".
286:
192:
Born on 20 June 1842 in the Cocos
Islands to John George Clunies-Ross and S'pia Dupong, George Clunies-Ross was sent to Scotland where he studied engineering at
270:
The title to the islands was claimed by the Ross family until 1978, when John Cecil
Clunies-Ross (born 29 November 1928), known as Tuan John, sold them to the
487:
Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1952). "Documents relating to John
Clunies Ross, Alexander Hare and the early history of the settlement on the Cocos-Keeline Islands".
281:
John C. Clunies-Ross eventually went bankrupt after the
Australian government refused to give any business to his shipping line company. He then moved to
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1072:
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301:
523:"Farram, Stephen (2007) "Jacobus Arnoldus Haazart and the British interregnum in Netherlands Timor, 1812–1816". Accessed 8 November 2016"
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50:
and then later under
British (1857–1955) and Australian (1955–1978) sovereignty. The head of the family was usually recognised as the
1047:
697:
145:
79:
214:, there had not been any metallic coins since 1837. Six years after Inin's death, George Clunies-Ross married Ayesha, a former
140:
approached both the British and the Dutch government for annexation but neither had responded. John Clunies-Ross died in 1854.
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His son John George Clunies-Ross (born 1823) took over from his father under the name of Ross II. In 1857 British
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89:
44:. From 1827 to 1978, the family ruled the previously uninhabited islands as a private fiefdom, initially as
37:
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300:
As of 2007, John "Johnny" George Clunies-Ross (born 1957), the son of John C. Clunies-Ross, lived on the
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289:, he campaigned for independence but the majority of the islanders chose integration with Australia.
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462:
459:, the first non-white rugby union international player and relative of the Clunies-Ross family
230:, after going to England for medical treatment. His body was taken back to the Cocos in 1914.
124:
92:
in 1825. After surveying them he moved his family to live on one of the islands in 1827. Only
96:
used different dates, when he wrote that "John Clunis-Ross, who in 1814 touched in the ship
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with plans to settle in the future and " returned 2 years later with his wife and family".
21:
529:
54:, and was sometimes styled as the "King of the Cocos Islands"; a title given by the press.
845:
The revenge of the Bantamese: Factors for change in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 1930-1978
453:, prominent Australian scientist and administrator and relative of the Clunies-Ross family
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1055:"The Cocos' Isles. Letter to the Editor, New Selna, Cocos' Isles, July 8th, 1834"
248:
128:, Ross " his little colony on model lines and succeeded beyond expectation" and
88:, which he took. He reportedly first cruised the waters of the then uninhabited
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1021:
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910:"There was trouble in paradise until Cocos Islanders changed their destiny"
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on 23 August 1786. In 1813 he was at Timor as Third Mate on board the
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76:
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237:
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20:
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when he received the opportunity to become captain of the brig
960:"End of the line for the Clunies-Ross men who ruled paradise"
16:
Original settlers and rulers of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
489:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
292:
He died in Perth at the age of 92 on 13 September 2021.
1059:
Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine. The Metropolitan, part 1
446:
List of administrative heads of Cocos (Keeling) Islands
168:
who "took possession of the islands in the name of the
890:. Vol. XX, no. 3. October 1949. p. 13.
637:"Dynasties series: Clunies-Ross Timeline, episode 2"
669:, New York Century Co, Pan American edition, p. 212
258:, the Cocos islands served as a major base for the
643:. ABC Australia. 16 November 2004. Archived from
614:. No. 12187. Via Government of New Zealand
746:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 413–418
8:
847:(Thesis). Australian National University.
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558:
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67:John Clunies-Ross was a merchant born in
1038:Clunies-Ross, John Cecil; Souter, Gavin
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591:
315:
1089:People from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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1094:History of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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242:Clunies-Ross family, 1930s generation.
28:, residence of the Clunies-Ross family
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1061:. Peck and Newton. pp. 219–221.
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274:for £2.5m ($ 4.75m) under threat of
143:His life was dramatised in the play
132:mentioned after his 1836 visit with
612:Timaru Herald, Volume LXXIX, Page 2
159:Captain Stephen Grenville Fremantle
100:on a voyage to India", nailed up a
725:The man who lost a 'coral kingdom'
606:Long, Edward E. (3 October 1903).
36:were the original settlers of the
14:
1040:The Clunies-Ross Cocos Chronicle
1010:"Cocos Island: The King Is Dead"
958:Howe, Alan (25 September 2021).
702:. Vol. 1. pp. 375–376.
698:Dictionary of National Biography
667:"Sailing Alone Around the World"
146:John Ross, King of Cocos Islands
122:According to a 1903 article in
107:In 1823 an English adventurer,
945:National Archives of Australia
170:Britannic Majesty's Government
1:
1109:Families of Scottish ancestry
938:"The Cocos (Keeling) Islands"
793:10.1080/17411912.2020.1754874
743:Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary
184:Malay of high rank, in 1841.
40:, a small archipelago in the
908:Wynne, Emma (6 April 2019).
692:"Clunies-Ross, George"
312:List of resident magistrates
1099:History of Christmas Island
687:im Thurn, Everard Ferdinand
1130:
884:"Heir to the Coco Islands"
608:"King of the Cocos Island"
576:. Edinburgh: 187–190. 1899
285:with his wife. During the
272:Commonwealth of Australia
1053:Ross, J. C. (May 1835).
398:John Sidney Clunies-Ross
358:John George Clunies-Ross
234:John Sidney Clunies-Ross
153:John George Clunies-Ross
888:Pacific islands monthly
418:John Cecil Clunies-Ross
266:John Cecil Clunies-Ross
90:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
38:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1075:Genealogical Gleanings
853:10.25911/5d7637458205c
843:Hunt, John G. (1989).
665:Joshua Slocum, (1901)
570:The Chambers's Journal
243:
29:
781:Ethnomusicology Forum
727:BBC News, 7 June 2007
241:
200:Government occurred.
24:
1042:, Self, Perth 2009,
495:(4/5 (160)): 5–306.
319:Resident magistrate
81:Baroness Longueville
566:"The Cocos Islands"
457:Alfred Clunies-Ross
378:George Clunies-Ross
218:(servant) in 1895.
198:Straits Settlements
188:George Clunies-Ross
52:resident magistrate
34:Clunies-Ross family
535:on 11 January 2017
251:in November 1909.
244:
30:
1104:Scottish diaspora
1073:Cocos Island page
647:on 31 August 2014
463:Pulu Cocos Museum
437:
436:
381:Clunies-Ross III
339:John Clunies-Ross
211:Chambers' Journal
125:The Timaru Herald
63:John Clunies-Ross
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1016:. 11 June 1945.
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528:. Archived from
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451:Ian Clunies Ross
401:Clunies-Ross IV
361:Clunies-Ross II
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256:Second World War
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342:Clunies-Ross I
331:Entered office
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287:1984 referendum
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260:Royal Air Force
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178:Andaman Islands
161:visited aboard
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649:. Retrieved
645:the original
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616:. Retrieved
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578:. Retrieved
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537:. Retrieved
530:the original
517:
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384:Tuan Tinggi
364:Tuan Pandai
334:Left office
322:Regnal name
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42:Indian Ocean
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618:15 February
328:Life dates
304:, breeding
302:West Island
254:During the
249:Home Island
1083:Categories
861:1885/10900
539:9 November
469:References
424:Tuan John
404:Tuan Ross
102:Union Jack
1022:0040-781X
969:1 October
819:218931038
811:1741-1912
501:2304-7550
427:1928–2021
407:1868–1944
387:1842–1910
367:1823–1871
347:1786–1854
226:, in the
163:HMS
914:ABC News
750:12 April
740:(2001),
689:(1912).
651:12 April
580:12 April
509:41502769
440:See also
203:In 1886
73:Shetland
69:Weisdale
994:11 July
985:"Trove"
919:11 July
224:Ventnor
194:Glasgow
176:of the
58:History
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296:Legacy
136:Beagle
117:coolie
98:Borneo
86:Olivia
77:whaler
941:(PDF)
815:S2CID
533:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
505:JSTOR
433:1978
413:1944
393:1910
373:1871
353:1854
306:clams
283:Perth
113:copra
1044:ISBN
1018:ISSN
1014:Time
996:2020
971:2021
921:2020
807:ISSN
752:2016
653:2016
620:2015
582:2016
541:2016
497:ISSN
430:1946
410:1910
390:1871
370:1854
350:1827
165:Juno
134:HMS
32:The
857:hdl
849:doi
797:hdl
789:doi
216:boi
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