647:
582:
758:
659:
566:
785:
703:
845:
550:
687:
857:
869:
534:
881:
803:
605:
635:
742:
459:
450:
620:
518:
723:
818:
351:
184:
833:
2606:
2618:
2670:
2694:
2646:
321:. Using the data collected from 8000 galaxy clusters, Wojtak was able to study the properties of gravitational redshift for the distribution of galaxies in clusters. He found that the light from the clusters was redshifted in proportion to the distance from the center of the cluster as predicted by general relativity. The result also strongly supports the
2682:
317:: energy loss from light escaping a gravitational field. Photons emitted from the center of a galaxy cluster should lose more energy than photons coming from the edge of the cluster because gravity is stronger in the center. Light emitted from the center of a cluster has a longer wavelength than light coming from the edge. This effect is known as
2658:
38:
484:
904:
907:
912:
910:
906:
905:
911:
341:
to boost the reach of telescopes. The gravitational distortion of space-time occurs near massive galaxy clusters and bends the path of photons to create a cosmic magnifying glass. This can be done with photons of any wavelength from the optical to the X-ray band. The latter is more difficult, because
909:
342:
galaxy clusters emit a lot of X-rays. However, X-ray emission may still be detected when combining X-ray data to optical data. One particular case is the use of the
Phoenix galaxy cluster to observe a dwarf galaxy in its early high energy stages of star formation.
757:
159:, the most massive galaxy clusters found in the early Universe. In the last few decades, they are also found to be relevant sites of particle acceleration, a feature that has been discovered by observing non-thermal diffuse radio emissions, such as
658:
646:
581:
483:
565:
1336:"How Taking Pictures of 'Nothing' Changed Astronomy - Deep-field images of "empty" regions of the sky from Webb and other space telescopes are revealing more of the universe than we ever thought possible"
802:
93:(ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with
1303:"Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image – From the White House on Monday, humanity got its first glimpse of what the observatory in space has been seeing: a cluster of early galaxies"
908:
1149:
1092:
702:
686:
1242:"Photos: How pictures from the Webb telescope compare to Hubble's - NASA's $ 10 billion telescope peers deeper into space than ever, revealing previously undetectable details in the cosmos"
604:
1279:
880:
549:
191:
is located 10 billion light-years from Earth and has the mass of almost 500 trillion suns (multi-wavelength image: X-rays in blue, visible light in green, and infrared light in red).
1429:
844:
1392:"Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope Images Compared: See the Difference - The James Webb Space Telescope builds on Hubble's legacy with stunning new views of the cosmos"
784:
619:
490:
741:
2428:
1312:
856:
2475:
868:
2125:
996:
533:
1241:
1483:
817:
634:
1269:
517:
1391:
1858:
1419:
722:
2541:
2460:
366:
1363:
313:
Galaxy clusters have been used by Radek Wojtak from the Niels Bohr
Institute at the University of Copenhagen to test predictions of
1841:
1335:
295:
2546:
1216:
2273:
2636:
1302:
66:
2719:
2443:
172:
2561:
2516:
2324:
1913:
1908:
1881:
887:
467:
439:
117:
2242:
775:
168:
2714:
2526:
2438:
2433:
2339:
2235:
2193:
1903:
1876:
1368:
449:
2521:
2506:
2453:
2112:
2100:
2095:
2009:
1974:
1945:
1935:
283:
Most massive component but cannot be detected optically and is inferred through gravitational interactions
2024:
1923:
943:
832:
809:
794:
732:
677:
591:
458:
435:
318:
2551:
2448:
2150:
1145:
1088:
669:
572:
501:
355:
748:
524:
540:
2581:
2531:
2366:
2278:
2014:
1898:
1834:
1164:
1107:
1015:
587:
78:
41:
Composite image of five galaxies clustered together just 600 million years after the
Universe's birth
709:
2698:
2344:
2252:
2183:
2075:
1950:
1340:
938:
261:
90:
82:
2617:
2686:
2674:
2576:
2571:
2556:
2511:
2480:
2465:
2383:
2351:
2188:
2140:
2130:
1307:
1031:
1005:
471:
338:
314:
188:
625:
610:
1484:"RELEASE 14-283 – NASA's Hubble Finds Extremely Distant Galaxy through Cosmic Magnifying Glass"
1070:
824:
2609:
2591:
2566:
2536:
2415:
2257:
2247:
2230:
2162:
1991:
1957:
1918:
1871:
1191:
156:
152:
713:
2650:
2621:
2423:
2398:
2378:
2373:
2361:
2215:
2036:
1969:
1115:
1023:
1019:
322:
132:
109:
31:
183:
2470:
2393:
2085:
2058:
2029:
1981:
1827:
1736:
933:
790:
767:
413:
A cluster merger with the first observed separation between dark matter and normal matter
401:
359:
140:
1455:
148:
1168:
1111:
1071:"Chandra :: Field Guide to X-ray Sources :: Groups & Clusters of Galaxies"
1027:
693:
350:
2167:
2070:
2065:
2019:
1962:
1424:
1141:
1084:
419:
This lists some of the most notable clusters; for more clusters, see the list article.
408:
270:
128:
2708:
2490:
2356:
2319:
2090:
2053:
2041:
1893:
1888:
1035:
771:
673:
395:
385:
144:
124:
652:
Background galaxy has been gravitationally lensed by the intervening galaxy cluster.
269:
Plasma between the galaxies at high temperature and emit x-ray radiation by thermal
2662:
2485:
2388:
2329:
2314:
2220:
2145:
1940:
1930:
1685:
1560:
1510:
919:
164:
136:
113:
102:
98:
86:
74:
17:
1784:
1763:
1710:
1660:
1635:
1585:
1535:
210:
The distribution of the three components is approximately the same in the cluster.
112:, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as
1049:
223:
The spread of velocities for the individual galaxies is about 800–1000 km/s.
2586:
2403:
2293:
2283:
2080:
2046:
1986:
1866:
326:
204:
27:
Structure made up of a gravitationally-bound aggregation of hundreds of galaxies
1610:
966:
808:
The galaxy cluster Abell 2813 (also known as ACO 2813) image from the NASA/ESA
232:
There are three main components of a galaxy cluster. They are tabulated below:
2288:
2225:
763:
728:
595:
493:
160:
62:
2298:
1711:"Hubble pushed beyond limits to spot clumps of new stars in distant galaxy"
1611:"HAWK-I and Hubble Explore a Cluster with the Mass of two Quadrillion Suns"
325:
model of the
Universe, according to which most of the cosmos is made up of
300:
Galaxy clusters are categorized as type I, II, or III based on morphology.
337:
Galaxy clusters are also used for their strong gravitational potential as
1246:
497:
151:. Notable galaxy clusters in the distant, high-redshift universe include
70:
53:, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of
1809:
1362:
Deliso, Meredith; Longo, Meredith; Rothenberg, Nicolas (14 July 2022).
613:
is useful in probing cosmic phenomena like dark matter and dark energy.
217:
58:
123:
Notable galaxy clusters in the relatively nearby
Universe include the
2135:
2120:
1850:
994:
Kravtsov, A. V.; Borgani, S. (2012). "Formation of Galaxy
Clusters".
665:
54:
2657:
1119:
37:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2155:
1420:"Now, We can Finally Compare Webb to Other Infrared Observatories"
1010:
349:
200:
182:
36:
1301:
Overbye, Dennis; Chang, Kenneth; Tankersley, Jim (11 July 2022).
1741:
1488:
1460:
1396:
1274:
1823:
1217:"Astronomers use giant galaxy cluster as X-ray magnifying lens"
1454:
Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray (7 January 2014).
967:"Hubble Pinpoints Furthest Protocluster of Galaxies Ever Seen"
1456:"NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies"
1270:"NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet"
628:
acts like a lens, bending the very fabric of space around it.
1364:"Hubble vs. James Webb telescope images: See the difference"
1093:"On the Classification of the Forms of Clusters of Galaxies"
556:
89:
were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the
1819:
1192:"Galaxy Clusters Back Up Einstein's Theory of Relativity"
195:
Galaxy clusters typically have the following properties:
766:
may prevent galaxy clusters from cooling; illustrated:
120:
can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.
81:, is known to be bound). They were believed to be the
2634:
961:
959:
207:. Details are described in the "Composition" section.
1150:"Preliminary Classification of Clusters of Galaxies"
216:
They typically have a diameter from 1 to 5 Mpc (see
139:. A very large aggregation of galaxies known as the
2499:
2414:
2307:
2266:
2176:
2111:
2002:
1857:
255:In optical observations, only galaxies are visible
668:" image – galaxy cluster (SDSS J1038+4849) &
1482:Chou, Felecia; Weaver, Donna (16 October 2014).
1449:
1447:
850:Hubble spots three images of a distant supernova
696:taken by Spitzer and the Hubble Space Telescope.
213:They have total masses of 10 to 10 solar masses.
1735:Loff, Sarah; Dunbar, Brian (10 February 2015).
555:Galaxy cluster RXC J0032.1+1808 as part of the
989:
987:
598:cluster with the mass of two quadrillion Suns.
175:have also been found in many galaxy clusters.
2476:List of the most distant astronomical objects
1835:
1157:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
823:A menagerie of galaxies — the galaxy cluster
61:, with typical masses ranging from 10 to 10
8:
1240:Chow, Denise; Wu, Jiachuan (12 July 2022).
997:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
862:A massive galaxy cluster called WHL0137-08
1842:
1828:
1820:
1009:
1764:"Image of the galaxy cluster SpARCS1049"
747:Magnifying the distant universe through
370:
304:Galaxy clusters as measuring instruments
234:
199:They contain 100 to 1,000 galaxies, hot
2641:
955:
899:
513:
416:
575:is about six billion light-years away.
116:rather than clusters of galaxies. The
85:in the universe until the 1980s, when
171:, structures such as cold fronts and
7:
1586:"Approaching the Universe's origins"
890:the massive galaxy cluster RX J2129.
329:that does not interact with matter.
65:. They are the second-largest known
1028:10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125502
918:Video: Formation of galaxy cluster
496:galaxy cluster – extremely distant
390:The nearest massive galaxy cluster
874:Galaxy cluster known as "El Gordo"
640:Galaxy cluster WHL J24.3324-8.477.
367:List of galaxy groups and clusters
203:emitting gas and large amounts of
147:, is massive enough to affect the
25:
1785:"Magnifying the distant Universe"
1315:from the original on 12 July 2022
1282:from the original on 12 July 2022
1215:Chu, Jennifer (15 October 2019).
2692:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2616:
2605:
2604:
1432:from the original on 10 May 2022
902:
879:
867:
855:
843:
831:
816:
801:
783:
756:
740:
721:
701:
685:
657:
645:
633:
618:
603:
580:
564:
548:
532:
516:
482:
457:
448:
400:The cluster at the heart of the
1390:Kooser, Amanda (13 July 2012).
1334:Pacucci, Fabio (15 July 2022).
149:local expansion of the Universe
2547:Galaxy formation and evolution
2542:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
1789:ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week
1418:Atkinson, Nancy (2 May 2022).
1:
1171:. A&AA ID. AAA004.160.006
1122:. A&AA ID. AAA004.160.015
1737:"Hubble Sees A Smiling Lens"
1268:Garner, Rob (11 July 2022).
2429:Galaxies named after people
1536:"Strings of homeless stars"
1050:"Galaxy cluster IDCS J1426"
438:(2017) Right: Image by the
296:Bautz–Morgan classification
57:that are bound together by
2736:
2562:Gravitational microlensing
2517:Galactic coordinate system
888:James Webb Space Telescope
440:James Webb Space Telescope
417:
364:
293:
220:for distance comparisons).
118:galaxy groups and clusters
29:
2600:
1561:"From toddlers to babies"
1190:Yudhijit, Bhattacharjee.
169:Chandra X-ray Observatory
2527:Galactic magnetic fields
2340:Brightest cluster galaxy
2236:Luminous infrared galaxy
971:ESA/Hubble Press Release
83:largest known structures
77:(of which only one, the
30:Not to be confused with
2522:Galactic habitable zone
2507:Extragalactic astronomy
2096:Supermassive black hole
2010:Active galactic nucleus
1020:2012ARA&A..50..353K
571:Massive galaxy cluster
323:Lambda-Cold Dark Matter
238:Name of the components
2274:Low surface brightness
2025:Central massive object
1715:www.spacetelescope.org
1690:www.spacetelescope.org
1665:www.spacetelescope.org
1640:www.spacetelescope.org
1590:www.spacetelescope.org
1565:www.spacetelescope.org
1540:www.spacetelescope.org
1515:www.spacetelescope.org
944:List of Abell clusters
810:Hubble Space Telescope
436:Hubble Space Telescope
362:
319:gravitational redshift
309:Gravitational redshift
192:
42:
2552:Galaxy rotation curve
1636:"Streaks and stripes"
1511:"Distant and ancient"
1100:Astrophysical Journal
886:Observation from the
670:gravitational lensing
502:gravitational lensing
356:Laniakea supercluster
353:
333:Gravitational lensing
260:Intergalactic gas in
186:
67:gravitationally bound
40:
2587:Population III stars
2582:Intergalactic travel
2532:Galactic orientation
2399:Voids and supervoids
1686:"Cosmic archaeology"
339:gravitational lenses
79:Shapley Supercluster
2577:Intergalactic stars
2466:Large quasar groups
2461:Groups and clusters
2325:Groups and clusters
2184:Lyman-alpha emitter
2076:Interstellar medium
1812:. October 18, 2023.
1341:Scientific American
1169:1970BAAS....2R.294B
1112:1970ApJ...162L.149B
939:Intracluster medium
922:(artist's concept).
434:Left: Image by the
373:
262:intracluster medium
143:, dominated by the
91:intracluster medium
51:cluster of galaxies
18:Cluster of galaxies
2720:Types of groupings
2572:Intergalactic dust
2557:Gravitational lens
2512:Galactic astronomy
2481:Starburst galaxies
2221:blue compact dwarf
2177:Energetic galaxies
2141:BL Lacertae object
1308:The New York Times
1148:(September 1970).
712:discovered by the
573:PSZ2 G138.61-10.84
504:(16 October 2014).
472:SMACS J0723.3-7327
371:
363:
315:general relativity
193:
108:galaxies, or with
69:structures in the
43:
2632:
2631:
2592:Galaxy X (galaxy)
2567:Illustris project
2537:Galactic quadrant
2258:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
2248:Green bean galaxy
2243:Hot dust-obscured
2194:Luminous infrared
1958:Elliptical galaxy
1091:(December 1970).
913:
838:Cosmic lens flare
749:MACS J0454.1-0300
525:SPT-CL J0615-5746
470:– Galaxy cluster
424:
423:
372:Notable clusters
287:
286:
157:SPT-CL J2106-5844
153:SPT-CL J0546-5345
110:globular clusters
95:galactic clusters
16:(Redirected from
2727:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2620:
2608:
2607:
2253:Hanny's Voorwerp
2163:Relativistic jet
2037:Dark matter halo
1844:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1154:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1013:
991:
982:
981:
979:
977:
963:
915:
914:
883:
871:
859:
847:
835:
820:
805:
787:
760:
744:
731:galaxy cluster (
725:
705:
689:
661:
649:
637:
622:
607:
584:
568:
552:
541:RXC J0232.2-4420
536:
520:
486:
461:
452:
420:
374:
235:
179:Basic properties
133:Hercules Cluster
32:galactic cluster
21:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2715:Galaxy clusters
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2596:
2495:
2410:
2303:
2262:
2172:
2107:
2086:Galaxy filament
2030:Galactic Center
1998:
1853:
1848:
1818:
1817:
1810:"Seeing Triple"
1808:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1661:"Cosmic RELICS"
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1152:
1142:Bautz, Laura P.
1140:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1043:
993:
992:
985:
975:
973:
965:
964:
957:
952:
934:Abell catalogue
930:
923:
916:
903:
898:
891:
884:
875:
872:
863:
860:
851:
848:
839:
836:
827:
821:
812:
806:
797:
791:MACS0416.1-2403
788:
779:
768:Perseus Cluster
761:
752:
745:
736:
726:
717:
708:Galaxy cluster
706:
697:
692:Galaxy cluster
690:
681:
662:
653:
650:
641:
638:
629:
623:
614:
608:
599:
585:
576:
569:
560:
553:
544:
539:Galaxy cluster
537:
528:
523:Galaxy cluster
521:
512:
507:
506:
505:
492:
487:
478:
477:
476:
475:
464:
463:
462:
454:
453:
444:
443:
429:
418:
402:Great Attractor
369:
360:galaxy clusters
348:
335:
311:
306:
298:
292:
230:
187:Galaxy cluster
181:
141:Great Attractor
97:(also known as
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2614:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
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2384:Stellar stream
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2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:Galactic ridge
2068:
2066:Galactic plane
2063:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
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1984:
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1776:
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1677:
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1627:
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1577:
1552:
1527:
1502:
1474:
1443:
1425:Universe Today
1410:
1382:
1354:
1326:
1293:
1260:
1232:
1207:
1182:
1133:
1120:10.1086/180643
1076:
1062:
1041:
983:
954:
953:
951:
948:
947:
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941:
936:
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852:
849:
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840:
837:
830:
828:
822:
815:
813:
807:
800:
798:
793:imaged by the
789:
782:
780:
762:
755:
753:
746:
739:
737:
727:
720:
718:
710:MOO J1142+1527
707:
700:
698:
691:
684:
682:
663:
656:
654:
651:
644:
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639:
632:
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421:
415:
414:
411:
409:Bullet Cluster
405:
404:
398:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
378:
365:Main article:
347:
344:
334:
331:
310:
307:
305:
302:
291:
290:Classification
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
274:
273:
271:bremsstrahlung
267:
264:
257:
256:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
241:Mass fraction
239:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
214:
211:
208:
180:
177:
129:Fornax Cluster
47:galaxy cluster
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2732:
2721:
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2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
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2489:
2487:
2486:Superclusters
2484:
2482:
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2477:
2474:
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2389:Superclusters
2387:
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2323:
2321:
2320:Galactic tide
2318:
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2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
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2282:
2280:
2279:Ultra diffuse
2277:
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2118:
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2114:
2113:Active nuclei
2110:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1147:
1146:Morgan, W. W.
1143:
1137:
1134:
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1117:
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1109:
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1089:Morgan, W. W.
1086:
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819:
814:
811:
804:
799:
796:
792:
786:
781:
777:
776:Chandra X-ray
773:
772:Virgo Cluster
769:
765:
759:
754:
750:
743:
738:
734:
730:
724:
719:
715:
711:
704:
699:
695:
688:
683:
679:
675:
674:Einstein ring
671:
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631:
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473:
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410:
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403:
399:
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396:Norma Cluster
394:
393:
389:
387:
386:Virgo Cluster
384:
383:
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368:
361:
357:
352:
345:
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145:Norma Cluster
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:Virgo Cluster
121:
119:
115:
114:galaxy groups
111:
107:
104:
103:star clusters
101:), which are
100:
99:open clusters
96:
92:
88:
87:superclusters
84:
80:
76:
75:superclusters
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2699:Solar System
2622:
2610:
2345:fossil group
2334:
2267:Low activity
2101:Ultramassive
1931:Dwarf galaxy
1914:intermediate
1909:grand design
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1788:
1779:
1769:11 September
1767:. Retrieved
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1740:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1539:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1514:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1459:
1434:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1395:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1367:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1339:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1306:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1273:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1160:
1156:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1103:
1099:
1085:Bautz, L. P.
1079:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1044:
1001:
995:
974:. Retrieved
970:
920:MRC 1138-262
500:revealed by
336:
312:
299:
277:Dark matter
244:Description
231:
194:
167:. Using the
165:radio relics
137:Coma Cluster
122:
105:
94:
63:solar masses
50:
46:
44:
2687:Outer space
2675:Spaceflight
2404:void galaxy
2367:cannibalism
2352:Interacting
2308:Interaction
2294:Blue Nugget
2284:Dark galaxy
2189:Lyman-break
2081:Protogalaxy
2047:Disc galaxy
1748:10 February
1645:27 November
1620:25 December
1615:www.eso.org
1004:: 353–409.
327:Dark Matter
228:Composition
205:dark matter
173:shock waves
161:radio halos
73:after some
2709:Categories
2444:Polar-ring
2289:Red nugget
2231:faint blue
2091:Spiral arm
1946:spheroidal
1936:elliptical
1919:Magellanic
1904:flocculent
1872:Lenticular
1859:Morphology
1695:24 October
1670:6 November
1495:17 October
1226:2022-04-04
1201:2022-04-04
1055:11 January
976:13 January
950:References
764:Turbulence
729:Abell 2744
694:SpARCS1049
626:Abell 1300
611:Abell 2537
596:RCS2 J2327
494:Abell 2744
468:Deep Field
358:with many
294:See also:
189:IDCS J1426
135:, and the
2651:Astronomy
2379:Satellite
2374:Jellyfish
2362:collision
2299:Dead disk
2216:Starburst
2131:Markarian
2003:Structure
1970:Irregular
1941:irregular
1467:8 January
1175:March 10,
1126:March 10,
1036:119115331
1011:1205.5556
825:ACO S 295
249:Galaxies
2611:Category
2500:See also
2424:Galaxies
2151:X-shaped
1982:Peculiar
1924:unbarred
1882:unbarred
1851:Galaxies
1794:10 April
1595:16 April
1430:Archived
1369:ABC News
1313:Archived
1280:Archived
1247:NBC News
1221:MIT News
1106:: L149.
928:See also
594:explore
559:program.
498:galaxies
377:Cluster
71:universe
55:galaxies
2637:Portals
2471:Quasars
2439:Nearest
2434:Largest
2335:cluster
2168:Seyfert
1720:12 July
1545:11 June
1403:16 July
1375:15 July
1347:16 July
1319:12 July
1286:12 July
1253:16 July
1165:Bibcode
1163:: 294.
1108:Bibcode
1016:Bibcode
714:MaDCoWS
427:Gallery
59:gravity
49:, or a
2623:Portal
2454:Spiral
2357:merger
2136:Quasar
2121:Blazar
2059:corona
1975:barred
1951:spiral
1899:barred
1894:anemic
1889:Spiral
1877:barred
1436:12 May
1034:
896:Videos
716:survey
666:Smiley
592:Hubble
588:HAWK-I
557:RELICS
510:Images
442:(2022)
380:Notes
106:within
2663:Stars
2491:Voids
2416:Lists
2394:Walls
2330:group
2315:Field
2209:ELIRG
2204:HLIRG
2199:ULIRG
2156:DRAGN
2146:Radio
2126:LINER
2020:Bulge
1992:Polar
1570:7 May
1520:6 May
1196:Wired
1153:(PDF)
1096:(PDF)
1032:S2CID
1006:arXiv
201:X-ray
2449:Ring
2054:Halo
2042:Disc
1987:Ring
1867:Disc
1796:2014
1771:2015
1750:2015
1742:NASA
1722:2017
1697:2017
1672:2017
1647:2017
1622:2017
1597:2018
1572:2018
1547:2018
1522:2019
1497:2014
1489:NASA
1469:2014
1461:NASA
1438:2022
1405:2022
1397:CNET
1377:2022
1349:2022
1321:2022
1288:2022
1275:NASA
1255:2022
1177:2012
1128:2012
1057:2016
978:2012
770:and
672:(an
590:and
354:The
346:List
280:90%
218:10 m
163:and
155:and
2226:pea
2015:Bar
1116:doi
1104:162
1024:doi
795:HST
733:HST
678:HST
676:) (
266:9%
252:1%
2711::
1963:cD
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
