171:-insured members above 18 years pay the copayments costs for some medicines, therapeutic measures and appliances such as physiotherapy and hearing aids up to the limit of 2% of the family's annual gross income. For chronically ill patients, the co-payment limit is 1% including any dependant living in their home. The average length of hospital stay in Germany has decreased in recent years from 14 days to 9 days, still considerably longer than average stays in the U.S. (5 to 6 days). The difference is partly driven by the fact that hospital reimbursement is chiefly a function of the number of hospital days as opposed to procedures or the patient's diagnosis. Drug costs have increased substantially, rising nearly 60% from 1991 through 2005. Despite attempts to contain costs, overall health care expenditures rose to 10.7% of GDP in 2005, comparable to other western European nations, but substantially less than that spent in the U.S. (nearly 16% of GDP). However, after
36:
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or temporary subsidized copayment reduction programs lasting from two months to twelve months. Thereafter, if a patient is still taking the brand name medication, the pharmaceutical companies might remove the option and require full payments. If no similar drug is available, the patient is "locked
469:
Dormuth CR, et al. Impact of two sequential drug cost-sharing policies on the use of inhaled medications in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Clin Ther 2006;28:964-78; discussion
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Schacht, Wendy H. and Thomas, John R. Patent Law and Its
Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Examination of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984("The Hatch-Waxman
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247:
researchers concluded that higher copayments were associated with lower rates of drug treatment, worse adherence among existing users, and more frequent discontinuation of therapy.
140:. It may be a small portion of the actual cost of the medical service but is meant to deter people from seeking medical care that may not be necessary, e.g., an infection by the
151:
However, a copay may also discourage people from seeking necessary medical care, and higher copays may result in non-use of essential medical services and prescriptions.
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in
Australian English) is a fixed amount for a covered service, paid by a patient to the provider of service before receiving the service. It may be defined in an
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up to a certain limit. It must be paid before any policy benefit is payable by an insurance company. Copayments do not usually contribute towards any policy
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191:. Occasionally if a non-generic drug is reduced in price insurers will agree to classify it as generic for copayment purposes (as occurred with
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423:"Association Between Prescription Co-Payment Amount and Compliance With Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer"
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Benefits update. 2006 medical plan frequently asked questions. What is the difference between co-payments, coinsurance, and deductibles?
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in" to either using the drug with the high copays, or a patient takes no drugs and lives with the consequences of non-treatment.
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Borger C, Smith S, Truffer C, et al. (2006). "Health spending projections through 2015: changes on the horizon".
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level in which waiting lists act as rationing tools, copayment can serve to reduce the welfare cost of waiting lists.
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Medication copayments have also been associated with reduced use of necessary and appropriate medications for
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reasons cannot be produced as a generic drug. However, much of this time is exhausted during pre-clinical and
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Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health.
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195:). Pharmaceutical companies have a very long term (frequently 20 years or longer) lock on a drug as a
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Neugut AI, Subar M, Wilde ET, Stratton S, Brouse CH, Hillyer GC, Grann VR, Hershman DL (May 2011).
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290:'The social cost of hospital waiting lists and the case for copayment: Evidence from Galicia'
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To cushion the high copay costs of brand name drugs, some pharmaceutical companies offer
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Some insurance companies set the copay percentage for non-generic drugs higher than for
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Drug copayment and adherence in chronic heart failure: effect on cost and outcomes.
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336:"Average Length of Hospital Stay, by Diagnostic Category – United States, 2003"
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175:(Research Institute for the Future of Labor) showed the copayment system was
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deal primarily with the United States and
Germany and do not represent a
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299:, The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration 11(1): 18-26.
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had introduced copayments in the late 1990s in an attempt to prevent
310:"Germany: Health reform triggers sharp drop in number of hospitals"
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where a coinsurance is a percentage payment after the
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275:Lindsay, Cotton M. and Bernard Feigenbaum (1984)
27:Fixed price for a service, in insurance contexts
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179:, it was voted out by the Bundestag in 2012.
43:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
132:Insurance companies use copayments to share
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340:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
144:. In health systems with prices below the
129:maximum, whereas coinsurance payments do.
109:and paid by an insured person each time a
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279:, American Economic Review 74(3): 404-17.
113:is accessed. It is technically a form of
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
255:
288:Diego Varela and Anca Timofte (2011),
233:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
177:ineffective in reducing doctor visits
7:
550:Accidental death and dismemberment
25:
676:Directors and officers liability
411:Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1157-64.
167:and control costs. For example,
117:, but is defined differently in
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1513:Healthcare in the United States
479:Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Zheng Y.
1:
1443:Savings and loan association
277:'Rationing by waiting lists'
266:Retrieved November 10, 2008.
243:. In a 2007 meta-analysis,
876:Insurance-linked securities
398:Retrieved December 1, 2014.
262:University of Puget Sound.
57:, discuss the issue on the
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565:Total permanent disability
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1305:Health insurance coverage
570:Business overhead expense
706:Protection and indemnity
439:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.3179
161:German healthcare system
1163:Explanation of benefits
635:Variable universal life
1300:Health insurance costs
701:Professional liability
374:10.1377/hlthaff.25.w61
169:Techniker Krankenkasse
1503:Healthcare in Germany
1156:Out-of-pocket expense
1017:Workers' compensation
671:Collateral protection
661:Business interruption
362:Health Aff (Millwood)
1379:Corpus Juris Civilis
483:JAMA 2007;298:61-69.
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
1438:Rochdale Principles
1433:Mutual savings bank
1428:Mutual organization
1413:Cooperative banking
1330:Mesopotamian banker
610:Longevity insurance
1190:Insurable interest
691:Payment protection
592:Payment protection
295:2015-11-07 at the
225:chronic conditions
183:Prescription drugs
1490:
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1335:Code of Hammurabi
1310:Vehicle insurance
1205:Replacement value
1097:Actual cash value
1061:Adverse selection
1051:Actuarial science
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1024:
957:Kidnap and ransom
930:Extended warranty
577:Income protection
205:clinical research
134:health care costs
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65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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1508:Health insurance
1448:Social insurance
1403:Friendly society
1295:Health insurance
1123:Short rate table
871:Catastrophe bond
772:Lenders mortgage
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433:(18): 2534–42.
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1481:List of topics
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316:. 25 July 2005
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71:February 2017
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1230:Underwriting
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1112:Cancellation
903:Catastrophic
888:Climate risk
716:Trade credit
475:
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427:J Clin Oncol
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345:November 14,
343:. Retrieved
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318:. Retrieved
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212:drug coupons
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138:moral hazard
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1453:Trade union
1408:Cooperative
1081:Uncertainty
940:Index-based
908:Multi-peril
866:Reinsurance
825:Public auto
730:Residential
193:simvastatin
142:common cold
136:to prevent
115:coinsurance
1497:Categories
1248:by country
1246:Insurance
1220:Total loss
1141:Deductible
1102:Cash value
1046:Act of God
1031:Insurance
945:Parametric
925:Expatriate
801:Transport/
767:Landlords'
752:Earthquake
640:Whole life
560:Disability
197:brand name
123:deductible
101:(called a
18:Co-payment
1394:Syndicate
1360:Collegium
1255:Australia
1210:Risk pool
1180:Indemnity
1151:Copayment
1085:Knightian
997:Terrorism
967:Liability
835:Satellite
696:Pollution
620:Term life
529:insurance
527:Types of
520:Insurance
95:copayment
59:talk page
1474:Category
1352:§275–277
1270:Pakistan
1118:Pro rata
1007:War risk
972:No-fault
883:Casualty
840:Shipping
810:Aviation
787:Renters'
782:Property
777:Mortgage
747:Contents
721:Umbrella
681:Fidelity
649:Business
545:Accident
457:21606426
382:16495287
293:Archived
53:You may
1399:Benefit
1386:Digesta
1322:History
1056:Actuary
1012:Weather
1002:Tuition
992:Takaful
920:Deposit
850:Vehicle
448:3138633
314:Allianz
155:Germany
1275:Serbia
1235:Profit
1107:Broker
1033:policy
845:Travel
830:Marine
737:Boiler
711:Surety
555:Dental
537:Health
470:962-3.
455:
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380:
241:asthma
239:, and
201:patent
1371:Guild
1265:India
1260:China
1129:Claim
935:Group
915:Cyber
893:Crime
859:Other
792:Title
757:Flood
395:Act")
251:Notes
99:copay
61:, or
1344:§234
1066:Risk
1036:and
898:Crop
762:Home
656:Bond
602:Life
453:PMID
378:PMID
347:2011
322:2011
245:RAND
159:The
1038:law
977:Pet
443:PMC
435:doi
370:doi
103:gap
97:or
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