561:) have replaced it. Itraconazole (400 mg/day) appears to have efficacy equal to that of fluconazole in the treatment of nonmeningeal infection and have the same relapse rate after therapy is discontinued. However, itraconazole seems to perform better in skeletal lesions, whereas fluconazole performs better in pulmonary and soft tissue infection. Serum levels of itraconazole are commonly obtained at the onset of long-term therapy because its absorption is sometimes erratic and unpredictable. Complications can include hepatic dysfunction. For patients who are unresponsive to fluconazole, options are limited. Several case reports have studied the efficacy of three newer antifungal agents in the treatment of disease that is refractory to first-line therapy:
603:, with differing results. Caspofungin 50 mg/day following administration of amphotericin B in a patient with acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis who had undergone transplantation showed promising results. In a patient with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, first-line therapy with amphotericin B and caspofungin alone failed to elicit a response, but the patient was then given caspofungin combined with fluconazole, with good results. A published report described a patient with disseminated and meningeal coccidioidomycosis in whom conventional therapy with fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B failed; caspofungin 50 mg/day after a loading dose of 70 mg intravenously was also unsuccessful.
279:
248:
66:
263:
44:
393:(valley fever). Its incubation period varies from 7 to 21 days. Coccidioidomycosis is not easily diagnosed on the basis of vital signs and symptoms, which are usually vague and nonspecific. Even a chest X-ray or CT scan cannot reliably distinguish it from other lung diseases, including lung cancer. Blood or urine tests are administered, which aim to discover
627:
The objectives of treatment are resolution of infection, decrease of antibody titers, return of function of involved organs, and prevention of relapse. The duration of therapy is dictated by the clinical course of the illness, but it should be at least 6 months in all patients and often a year or
422:
fungus can be cultured from a patient sample, but the culture can take weeks to grow and requires special precautions on a part of the laboratory staff while handling it (screw cap vials and sterile transfer hoods are recommended). It is reported as the tenth-most often acquired infection in the
584:
and an azole have been postulated, although no trials have been conducted. Caspofungin in combination with fluconazole has been cited as beneficial in a case report of a 31-year-old Asian patient with coccidioidal pneumonia. In a case report of a 23-year-old Black male with HIV and coccidioidal
335:, is most commonly seen in the desert regions of the southwestern United States, including certain areas of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, and Utah; and in Central and South America in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Venezuela.
628:
longer in others. Therapy is tailored based on a combination of resolution of symptoms, regression of radiographic abnormalities, and changes in CF IgG titers. Immunocompromised patients and patients with a history of meningeal involvement require lifelong treatment.
631:
The cost of antifungal therapy is high, from $ 5,000 to $ 20,000 per year. These costs increase for critical patients in need of intensive care. Arizona spent an average of $ 33,762 per patient with coccidioidomycosis between 1998 and 2001.
378:, sandy soils from semi-desert regions with hot summers, gentle winters, and annual rainfall between 10 and 50 centimetres (3.9 and 19.7 in). These fungi are usually found 10 to 30 centimetres (3.9 to 11.8 in) beneath the surface.
614:, introduced in 1957, remains the treatment of choice for severe infections. It is usually reserved for worsening disease or lesions located in vital organs such as the spine. It can be administered either in the classic
1161:, a presentation by Nancy L Wengenack, PhD, Director of the Mycology and Mycobacteriology Laboratories and Associate Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology in the Division of Clinical Microbiology at Mayo Clinic
618:
formulation or as a lipid formulation. No studies have directly compared amphotericin B with azole therapy. Complications include renal toxicity, bone marrow toxicity, and local systemic effects (fever, rigors).
595:
is also being studied in salvage therapy for refractory cases. A case report indicated that voriconazole in combination with amphotericin B as salvage therapy for disseminated coccidioidomycosis was successful.
529:
revolutionized treatment for coccidioidomycosis, and these agents are usually the first line of therapy. However, none of these azoles are safe to use in pregnancy and lactation because they have shown
660:(42 CFR 73). However, on October 5, 2012 due to advances in medical research and development of a number of licensed treatments, both pathogens were removed from the HHS select agents listing.
549:(FDA) for treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Nevertheless, although it was initially used in the long-term treatment of nonmeningeal extrapulmonary disease, more-potent, less-toxic
573:(glucan synthesis inhibitor of the echinocandin structural class). However, these drugs have not been FDA approved, and clinical trials are lacking. Susceptibility testing of
503:
Immunosuppression (e.g., patients with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids, those receiving antitumor necrosis factor medications)
2452:
456:
infections have an incubation period from one to four weeks and resolve without specific therapy; few clinical trials have assessed outcomes in less-severe disease.
2478:
1158:
653:
591:
has been approved by the
European Commission as a salvage therapy for refractory coccidioidomycosis. Clinical trials are now ongoing for further evaluation.
432:
2426:
1965:
1649:
1002:
808:
706:
1880:
1620:
1616:
2529:
759:
1094:
1830:
1186:
2524:
1865:
1644:
1639:
1346:
1970:
1611:
1336:
770:
411:
278:
1341:
436:
799:
Johnson, Royce H.; Baqi, Shehla (2008). "Chapter 16: Coccidiomycosis". In
Hospenthal, Duane R.; Rinaldi, Michael G. (eds.).
950:
1685:
2233:
546:
65:
2305:
760:"Operational Guidelines (version 1.0) for Geological Fieldwork in Areas Endemic for Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)"
657:
615:
736:
247:
1411:
1353:
307:
2483:
2141:
2148:
1710:
1390:
875:
Garcia Garcia SC, Salas Alanis JC, Flores MG, Gonzalez
Gonzalez SE, Vera Cabrera L, Ocampo Candiani J (2015).
577:
species in one report revealed uniform susceptibility to most antifungal agents, including these newer drugs.
506:
Chronic debilitation or underlying disease, including diabetes mellitus or preexisting cardiopulmonary disease
925:"Symptoms of Valley Fever | Coccidioidomycosis | Types of Fungal Diseases | Fungal | CDC"
2534:
2229:
2192:
2134:
2059:
2034:
2028:
1825:
1517:
1439:
2342:
2257:
2188:
1927:
1916:
1845:
1835:
1820:
1726:
1691:
1663:
1628:
1600:
1418:
331:
2000:
1748:
1404:
1179:
160:
924:
1778:
2418:
2387:
2174:
2164:
1978:
1875:
1870:
1734:
1657:
676:
2519:
2286:
2014:
2006:
1840:
1432:
363:
262:
1130:
286:
with 90-degree branching and thick-walled barrel-shaped arthroconidia alternating with empty cells
2198:
2180:
1996:
1992:
1909:
1902:
1860:
1606:
976:
390:
315:
185:
60:
585:
meningitis, combination therapy of amphotericin B and posaconazole led to clinical improvement.
176:
2457:
1072:
406:
creates a mass that can mimic a lung tumor, the correct diagnosis may require a tissue sample (
2491:
2374:
2325:
2310:
1461:
1397:
1326:
1050:
906:
857:
804:
774:
440:
199:
2496:
2263:
2219:
2159:
2078:
1895:
1815:
1804:
1576:
1512:
1172:
1135:
Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 42, Part 73 (Volume 77, Number 194) - Public Health
896:
888:
847:
837:
1105:
2120:
1475:
1368:
1363:
1304:
1267:
219:
826:"The Quest for a Vaccine Against Coccidioidomycosis: A Neglected Disease of the Americas"
2413:
2248:
2065:
1922:
1772:
1761:
1740:
1634:
1299:
1217:
1199:
1024:
901:
876:
852:
825:
611:
581:
107:
1164:
2513:
2320:
2281:
2214:
2127:
2050:
1955:
1939:
1888:
1754:
1721:
1716:
1497:
1331:
1309:
1287:
649:
497:
Primary infection during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester or immediately
271:
350:
is regularly found in Texas, northern Mexico and in
Central and South America. Both
43:
2379:
2110:
2071:
2020:
1960:
1531:
1525:
1481:
1425:
1358:
1321:
1316:
1283:
1262:
592:
588:
566:
562:
558:
542:
428:
402:
137:
17:
892:
954:
2439:
2095:
1949:
1810:
1766:
1677:
1467:
600:
570:
554:
375:
127:
2365:
2315:
2298:
2090:
1984:
1850:
1587:
1567:
1506:
1253:
1226:
531:
117:
97:
471:
Infiltrates that involve more than half of one lung or portions of both lungs
2400:
2105:
1240:
346:
is largely found in
California, but also Baja California and Arizona, while
77:
910:
861:
491:
Risk factors for dissemination (for which treatment should be initiated):
2465:
2359:
2292:
1855:
1235:
977:"Fungal pneumonia: a silent epidemic - Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)"
550:
296:
2431:
1671:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1212:
1207:
1195:
842:
397:
2444:
423:
laboratory conditions with two documented deaths. Until
October 2012,
2470:
1292:
1231:
407:
311:
299:
251:
87:
2336:
2405:
459:
Commonly used indicators to judge the severity of illness include:
1794:
1373:
1222:
953:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from
538:
526:
277:
261:
246:
1159:
Identification of
Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii
477:
Anticoccidioidal complement fixation IgG titers of 1:16 or higher
1244:
303:
2392:
2340:
1168:
758:
Frederick S. Fisher; Mark W. Bultman; Demosthenes
Pappagianis.
1073:"Treatment and Outcomes for Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)"
274:. This is the infective form of the fungus occurring in nature
569:(triazole compounds similar in structure to fluconazole) and
1102:
Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 42 - Public Health
480:
Absence of dermal hypersensitivity to coccidioidal antigens
418:
organism's characteristic spherules within the tissue. The
258:
on Sabouraud's medium, showing white, cottony fungus growth
767:
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-348 Version 1.0
877:"Coccidioidomycosis and the skin: a comprehensive review"
512:
Certain ethnicities, such as Filipino, Black, or Hispanic
468:
Intense night sweats that persist for more than 3 weeks
803:. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press. pp. 295–315.
2349:
2274:
2247:
2213:
2158:
2104:
2089:
2049:
1938:
1793:
1702:
1586:
1575:
1566:
1546:
1496:
1453:
1382:
1276:
1261:
1252:
1206:
1075:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1053:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1005:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
982:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1104:. Office of the Federal Register. Archived from
1051:"Symptoms of Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)"
580:In very severe cases, combination therapy with
1180:
8:
654:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
486:Symptoms that persist for more than 2 months
433:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
266:Microscopic appearance of an old culture of
238:(G.W.Stiles) Bogliolo & J.A.Neves (1952)
2337:
2101:
1583:
1572:
1563:
1273:
1258:
1249:
1187:
1173:
1165:
42:
31:
1412:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
900:
851:
841:
801:Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses
474:Prominent or persistent hilar adenopathy
462:Continuous fever for longer than 1 month
210:(G.W.Stiles) Verdun & Mandoul (1924)
1966:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1650:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
1003:"Infectious Diseases Related To Travel"
717:. Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
668:
701:
699:
697:
683:. Species Fungorum. CAB International
545:is the only one approved by the U.S.
414:can then confirm the presence of the
7:
1881:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
1621:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
1617:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
951:"Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)"
1001:Loretta S. Chang; Tom M. Chiller.
599:Several case reports have studied
25:
465:Body-weight loss of more than 10%
1866:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
1645:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
1640:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
1347:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
1137:. Office of the Federal Register
652:and toxins list compiled by the
494:Primary infection during infancy
64:
1971:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
1612:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
1337:White superficial onychomycosis
771:U.S. Department of the Interior
412:Gomori methenamine silver stain
314:, and a few other areas in the
1342:Distal subungual onychomycosis
1131:"HHS select agents and toxins"
1095:"HHS select agents and toxins"
1029:Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month
437:U.S. Department of Agriculture
230:(G.W.Stiles) A.Agostini (1932)
1:
1686:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
893:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153805
737:"Coccidioides group database"
623:Duration of therapy and costs
2234:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
1727:South American blastomycosis
1722:North American blastomycosis
1327:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
547:Food and Drug Administration
370:is more common east of it.
2306:Granuloma gluteale infantum
1332:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
707:"Infectious Disease Index:
658:Code of Federal Regulations
656:(HHS), as evident from the
616:amphotericin B deoxycholate
389:can cause a disease called
362:is more common west of the
2551:
2530:Fungal pathogens of humans
1354:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
824:Kirkland, Theo N. (2016).
329:, along with its relative
308:southwestern United States
2142:Syncephalastrum racemosum
636:HHS select agents listing
358:are present in Arizona.
191:
184:
166:
159:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
2149:Apophysomyces variabilis
1711:Blastomyces dermatitidis
1426:Trichophyton schoenleini
1391:Epidermophyton floccosum
306:in certain parts of the
2525:Fungi described in 1896
2230:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
2193:Conidiobolus incongruus
2135:Lichtheimia corymbifera
2060:Cryptococcus neoformans
2029:Pseudallescheria boydii
1518:Malassezia folliculitis
1440:Trichophyton verrucosum
677:"GSD Species Synonymy:
509:High inoculum exposures
439:, and was considered a
400:. However, because the
2258:Rhinosporidium seeberi
2189:Conidiobolus coronatus
1928:Pneumocystis pneumonia
1917:Pneumocystis jirovecii
1846:Candidal onychomycosis
1836:Antibiotic candidiasis
1692:Paracoccidioidomycosis
1664:African histoplasmosis
1629:Histoplasma capsulatum
1601:Coccidioides posadasii
1419:Trichophyton tonsurans
1025:"Coccidioides immitis"
382:Clinical manifestation
287:
275:
259:
215:Blastomycoides immitis
55:growing in petri dish
2001:Phialophora verrucosa
1831:Chronic mucocutaneous
1749:Talaromyces marneffei
1405:Microsporum audouinii
427:had been listed as a
281:
270:, showing fragmented
265:
250:
2351:Coccidioides immitis
2175:Basidiobolus ranarum
2165:Entomophthoramycosis
1979:Exophiala jeanselmei
1876:Systemic candidiasis
1871:Perianal candidiasis
1735:Sporothrix schenckii
1658:Histoplasma duboisii
1597:Coccidioides immitis
709:Coccidioides immitis
679:Coccidioides immitis
648:was featured on the
525:The introduction of
302:that resides in the
292:Coccidioides immitis
284:Coccidioides immitis
268:Coccidioides immitis
256:Coccidioides immitis
170:Coccidioides immitis
53:Coccidioides immitis
36:Coccidioides immitis
2287:Fungal folliculitis
2015:Geotrichum candidum
2007:Chromoblastomycosis
1851:Candidal paronychia
1841:Candidal intertrigo
1433:Trichophyton rubrum
534:in animal studies.
364:Tehachapi Mountains
18:Coccidiodes immitis
2199:Conidiobolomycosis
2181:Basidiobolomycosis
1997:Fonsecaea compacta
1993:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
1861:Diaper candidiasis
1607:Coccidioidomycosis
1111:on 20 October 2013
1031:. Tom Volk's Fungi
843:10.3390/jof2040034
391:coccidioidomycosis
374:spp. are found in
316:Western Hemisphere
288:
282:Septate hyphae of
276:
260:
2507:
2506:
2492:Open Tree of Life
2343:Taxon identifiers
2334:
2333:
2326:Phaeohyphomycosis
2311:Hyalohyphomycosis
2243:
2242:
2209:
2208:
2045:
2044:
1789:
1788:
1542:
1541:
1507:Malassezia furfur
1492:
1491:
1462:Hortaea werneckii
1449:
1448:
1398:Microsporum canis
931:. 13 January 2021
810:978-1-59745-325-7
739:. Broad Institute
483:Inability to work
441:biosafety level 3
245:
244:
239:
231:
227:Geotrichum immite
223:
211:
203:
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
2542:
2500:
2499:
2487:
2486:
2474:
2473:
2461:
2460:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2434:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2383:
2382:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2338:
2264:Rhinosporidiosis
2220:Microsporidiosis
2160:Entomophthorales
2102:
2079:Trichosporonosis
1805:Candida albicans
1779:Adiaspiromycosis
1584:
1573:
1564:
1513:Tinea versicolor
1274:
1259:
1250:
1196:Fungal infection
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
981:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
921:
915:
914:
904:
881:An Bras Dermatol
872:
866:
865:
855:
845:
830:Journal of Fungi
821:
815:
814:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
779:
773:. Archived from
764:
755:
749:
748:
746:
744:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
703:
692:
691:
689:
688:
673:
339:Precise location
237:
235:Aleurisma immite
229:
217:
209:
207:Mycoderma immite
197:
195:Zymonema immitis
172:
69:
68:
46:
32:
21:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2270:
2239:
2217:
2205:
2162:
2154:
2121:Rhizopus oryzae
2108:
2093:
2085:
2041:
1934:
1785:
1698:
1579:
1556:
1551:
1538:
1488:
1476:Piedraia hortae
1445:
1378:
1369:Tinea incognito
1364:Tinea imbricata
1268:Dermatophytosis
1265:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
979:
975:
974:
970:
960:
958:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
923:
922:
918:
874:
873:
869:
823:
822:
818:
811:
798:
797:
793:
783:
781:
780:on 4 March 2013
777:
762:
757:
756:
752:
742:
740:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
705:
704:
695:
686:
684:
675:
674:
670:
666:
638:
625:
609:
523:
449:
384:
341:
324:
180:
174:
168:
155:
152:C. immitis
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2535:Fungus species
2532:
2527:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2488:
2475:
2462:
2449:
2436:
2423:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2371:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2253:
2251:
2249:Mesomycetozoea
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2170:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2066:Cryptococcosis
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:Allescheriasis
2025:
2024:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1945:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1923:Pneumocystosis
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1773:Emmonsia parva
1769:
1764:
1762:Scedosporiosis
1759:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1741:Sporotrichosis
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1635:Histoplasmosis
1625:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1609:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1570:
1561:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:Dermatophytids
1307:
1300:Tinea corporis
1297:
1296:
1295:
1280:
1278:
1271:
1256:
1247:
1218:dermatomycosis
1204:
1203:
1200:mesomycetozoea
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:External links
1151:
1149:
1148:
1122:
1086:
1064:
1042:
1016:
993:
968:
957:on 9 July 2013
942:
916:
867:
864:. Art. No. 34.
816:
809:
791:
750:
728:
693:
667:
665:
662:
637:
634:
624:
621:
612:Amphotericin B
608:
605:
582:amphotericin B
532:teratogenicity
522:
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
495:
489:
488:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
457:
448:
445:
383:
380:
340:
337:
323:
320:
272:chlamydospores
243:
242:
241:
240:
232:
224:
212:
204:
189:
188:
182:
181:
175:
164:
163:
157:
156:
149:
147:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
108:Eurotiomycetes
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2547:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Keratomycosis
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:Alternariosis
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2215:Microsporidia
2212:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:Mucor indicus
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2051:Basidiomycota
2048:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Aspergillosis
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1910:C. tropicalis
1907:
1905:
1904:
1903:C. lusitaniae
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:Talaromycosis
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:Blastomycosis
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:Lacazia loboi
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:opportunistic
1554:
1549:
1545:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1498:Basidiomycota
1495:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:tinea capitis
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1004:
997:
994:
978:
972:
969:
956:
952:
946:
943:
930:
926:
920:
917:
912:
908:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
868:
863:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
817:
812:
806:
802:
795:
792:
776:
772:
768:
761:
754:
751:
738:
732:
729:
716:
712:
710:
702:
700:
698:
694:
682:
680:
672:
669:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:select agents
647:
643:
635:
633:
629:
622:
620:
617:
613:
606:
604:
602:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
578:
576:
575:Coccidioides
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
528:
520:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:
496:
493:
492:
490:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
460:
458:
455:
451:
450:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:
399:
396:
392:
388:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
338:
336:
334:
333:
328:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
293:
285:
280:
273:
269:
264:
257:
253:
249:
236:
233:
228:
225:
221:
218:(G.W.Stiles)
216:
213:
208:
205:
201:
198:(G.W.Stiles)
196:
193:
192:
190:
187:
183:
178:
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2350:
2291:
2256:
2228:
2187:
2173:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2111:Mucormycosis
2072:Trichosporon
2070:
2058:
2027:
2021:Geotrichosis
2013:
1991:
1977:
1961:Aspergilloma
1948:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1826:Vulvovaginal
1803:
1771:
1747:
1733:
1709:
1684:
1670:
1656:
1627:
1596:
1595:
1580:(yeast+mold)
1548:Subcutaneous
1532:White piedra
1526:Trichosporon
1524:
1505:
1482:Black piedra
1474:
1460:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1359:Tinea faciei
1322:Tinea manuum
1317:Tinea cruris
1284:Tinea barbae
1263:Dermatophyte
1139:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1101:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
996:
984:. Retrieved
971:
959:. Retrieved
955:the original
945:
933:. Retrieved
928:
919:
887:(5): 610–9.
884:
880:
870:
833:
829:
819:
800:
794:
782:. Retrieved
775:the original
766:
753:
741:. Retrieved
731:
719:. Retrieved
714:
708:
685:. Retrieved
681:G.W. Stiles"
678:
671:
645:
642:C. posadasii
641:
639:
630:
626:
610:
607:Amphotericin
598:
593:Voriconazole
589:Posaconazole
587:
579:
574:
567:voriconazole
563:posaconazole
559:itraconazole
543:ketoconazole
536:
524:
498:
454:Coccidioides
453:
431:by both the
429:select agent
424:
419:
416:Coccidioides
415:
403:Coccidioides
401:
395:Coccidioides
394:
386:
385:
372:Coccidioides
371:
368:C. posadasii
367:
359:
356:C. posadasii
355:
351:
348:C. posadasii
347:
343:
342:
332:C. posadasii
330:
326:
325:
322:Epidemiology
291:
290:
289:
283:
267:
255:
234:
226:
214:
206:
194:
169:
167:
151:
150:
139:Coccidioides
138:
52:
51:colonies of
35:
29:
2440:iNaturalist
2096:Zygomycosis
1950:Aspergillus
1896:C. glabrata
1811:Candidiasis
1767:Emmonsiosis
1678:Lobomycosis
1468:Tinea nigra
1383:By organism
1277:By location
1208:Superficial
935:20 December
715:MDSC Online
640:Along with
601:caspofungin
571:caspofungin
555:fluconazole
499:post partum
310:, northern
254:culture of
128:Onygenaceae
2520:Onygenales
2514:Categories
2316:Otomycosis
2299:Fusariosis
2091:Zygomycota
1985:Eumycetoma
1821:Esophageal
1588:Onygenales
1568:Ascomycota
1254:Ascomycota
687:2016-02-06
664:References
646:C. immitis
443:pathogen.
425:C. immitis
420:C. immitis
387:C. immitis
360:C. immitis
352:C. immitis
344:C. immitis
327:C. immitis
297:pathogenic
177:G.W.Stiles
118:Onygenales
98:Ascomycota
94:Division:
2275:Ungrouped
2106:Mucorales
1577:Dimorphic
1241:endothrix
1213:cutaneous
551:triazoles
447:Treatment
146:Species:
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
2466:MycoBank
2458:11329401
2414:Fungorum
2366:Q5139154
2360:Wikidata
2293:Fusarium
1889:C. auris
1856:Candidid
1553:systemic
1305:Ringworm
1236:exothrix
911:26560205
862:29376949
435:and the
398:antigens
376:alkaline
366:, while
220:Castell.
186:Synonyms
124:Family:
74:Domain:
2432:4911585
1141:11 July
1115:11 July
1079:11 July
1057:11 July
1035:11 July
1009:12 July
986:11 July
961:11 July
929:Cdc.gov
902:4631225
853:5715932
784:12 July
743:11 July
721:16 July
537:Of the
134:Genus:
114:Order:
104:Class:
2497:838981
2471:416228
2445:350381
2419:416228
2406:CCDIIM
2393:244854
1293:Kerion
1232:Piedra
909:
899:
860:
850:
807:
539:azoles
527:azoles
521:Azoles
408:biopsy
312:Mexico
300:fungus
252:Sputum
222:(1928)
202:(1918)
179:(1896)
2453:IRMNG
2380:5ZGBZ
1942:-like
1797:-like
1795:Yeast
1703:Other
1454:Other
1374:Favus
1223:Tinea
1109:(PDF)
1098:(PDF)
980:(PDF)
836:(4).
778:(PDF)
763:(PDF)
452:Most
410:). A
295:is a
200:Mello
88:Fungi
2484:5501
2479:NCBI
2427:GBIF
2401:EPPO
1940:Mold
1816:Oral
1557:and
1245:hair
1243:) =
1227:skin
1198:and
1143:2013
1117:2013
1081:2013
1059:2013
1037:2013
1011:2013
988:2013
963:2013
937:2021
907:PMID
858:PMID
805:ISBN
786:2013
745:2013
723:2013
565:and
557:and
354:and
304:soil
2388:EoL
2375:CoL
2075:spp
1210:and
897:PMC
889:doi
848:PMC
838:doi
2516::
2494::
2481::
2468::
2455::
2442::
2429::
2416::
2403::
2390::
2377::
2362::
1619:.
1225:=
1220:):
1133:.
1100:.
1027:.
927:.
905:.
895:.
885:90
883:.
879:.
856:.
846:.
832:.
828:.
769:.
765:.
713:.
696:^
644:,
541:,
318:.
2232:/
2222:)
2218:(
2191:/
2167:)
2163:(
2113:)
2109:(
2098:)
2094:(
1999:/
1995:/
1599:/
1555:,
1550:,
1286:/
1270:)
1266:(
1238:/
1234:(
1229:;
1216:(
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
1145:.
1119:.
1083:.
1061:.
1039:.
1013:.
990:.
965:.
939:.
913:.
891::
840::
834:2
813:.
788:.
747:.
725:.
711:"
690:.
553:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
