206:
72:
385:
aim was to return the company by 1985, which was a prerequisite for sanction by the
European Commission of a government-backed investment plan (the second Claes plan). One consequence of the restructuring was that, of 22,000 workers (1983), nearly 8,000 would no longer be required by 1986, in addition to production cuts and closures.
384:
The merger to form
Cockerill-Sambre was announced on 16 January 1981, and the company came into being on 26 June 1981. The company inherited a debt equivalent to 1363million Eur from Cockerill and a similar amount from Hainaut-Sambre. A rescue plan was drawn up by consultant Jean Gandois in 1983, the
230:
in 1817. During the first few decades of its existence, the firm rose to become a major integrated steel company, not only producing iron in blast furnaces, but also producing machines and other articles from the metal. After John
Cockerill's death in 1840, the company became the state-owned
170:
The company inherited a steel industry with significant debts and production overcapacity based on blast furnace production rather than electric furnace recycling, with numerous factory sites in constrained city locations, and adversely affected by competition in the export market from new
322:
947:
942:
962:
247:
967:
171:
steel-producing countries (such as South Korea and Brasil). The need to streamline was complicated by regional dependence on employment in the steel industry.
957:
952:
491:
912:
897:
574:
232:
917:
151:. The Cockerill-Sambre group was formed in 1981 by the merger of two Belgian steel groups – SA Cockerill-Ougrée based at Seraing in the
205:
762:
334:, with a steel production capacity of 7million tonnes; the new group contained all the steel producing companies in the Liège basin.
852:
831:
423:
667:
223:
211:
314:
927:
932:
357:(TMM), disposing of the group's interests outside the Liège area; the resulting Liège-based group being known simply as
893:
331:
282:
265:. The new company had a total steel production of over 2 million tonnes, and it employed over 45,000 people in 1957.
604:
250:. The strike was settled following an 8% wage increase, and future wartime strikes were often repressed by force.
353:
227:
347:
61:
922:
280:
of the companies 4.5bn capital. Further consolidation of companies occurred in 1966 when it merged with
239:
799:
Mingret, Paul (1962). "Quelques problèmes de l'Europe à travers l'exemple de Liège et de sa région".
57:
625:
458:, production of grain orientated magnetic steels for electrical applications. Source: Paul Mingret,
392:
879:
71:
295:
254:
65:
578:
848:
827:
487:
310:
152:
937:
808:
792:
The
Politics of steel: Western Europe and the steel industry in the crisis years (1974-1984)
160:
17:
774:
369:
243:
195:
156:
41:
906:
277:
242:
originated at
Cockerill on 10 May 1941, and eventually spread across the entirety of
183:
551:
306:
164:
286:, a Belgian steelmaker with plants in northern France with three steel plants; in
889:
842:
821:
298:, (Belgium) adding over 35,000 persons to the company. The new company was named
246:. The strike was both a way of seeking higher wages, and passively resisting the
410:
of
Luxembourg and Spain, to form the continental western European steel giant
823:
Kaléidoscope d'une modernisation industrielle. Usinor-Cockrill Sambre-Arcelor
812:
388:
365:
272:
became part of
Cockerill-Ougrée, in 1962 it participated in the founding of
235:, and an international-scale producer of iron and steel metal and products.
222:
The
Cockerill group's name came from the English-born Belgian industrialist
144:
460:
Quelques problèmes de l'Europe à travers l'exemple de Liège et de sa région
407:
291:
287:
215:
455:
411:
179:
136:
104:
399:
338:
273:
186:
multinational steel group, where it is known as
ArcelorMittal Liège.
175:
148:
114:
100:
763:"Caractéristiques des bassins industriels dans l'Eurégio Meuse-Rhin"
868:
403:
342:
204:
140:
302:, and had a production capacity of 5 million tonnes of steel.
820:
Fusulier, Bernard; Vandewattyne, Jean; Lomba, Cédric (2003).
626:"Société Métallurgique d'Espérance Longdoz , Seraing / Liége"
135:
was a group of
Belgian steel manufacturers headquartered in
708:
684:
523:
398:
In 1999 the group became part of the French steel group
330:; the new group was the fifth largest steelmaker in the
182:
group. As of 2010, the bulk of the group is part of the
484:
Dictionnaire de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale en Belgique
53:
Société Anonyme des Usines Métallurgiques du Hainaut
402:; in 2002 there was another merger, this time with
120:
110:
95:
87:
79:
47:
37:
328:Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence et Espérance Longdoz
320:In 1970 the company merged with the Liège-based
248:German occupation of Belgium during World War II
948:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1999
890:Documents and clippings about Cockerill-Sambre
167:consolidations of the Belgian steel industry.
8:
844:The Belgian economy in the twentieth century
32:
943:Manufacturing companies established in 1981
668:"Cockerill Sambre Group -- Company History"
963:Defunct manufacturing companies of Belgium
790:Mény, Yves; Wright, Vincent, eds. (1987).
744:
732:
720:
696:
654:
642:
591:
538:
337:In 1975 the company sold its 25% stake in
70:
31:
605:"Paul Borgnet et la société Phénix Works"
323:Société Métallurgique d'Espérance Longdoz
443:Laminoirs à Froid de Fer-blanc à Tilleur
178:in 1999, and after 2002 was part of the
826:(in French). Presses univ. de Louvain.
709:Fusulier, Vandewattyne & Lomba 2003
685:Fusulier, Vandewattyne & Lomba 2003
575:"ArcelorMittal Liège : Historique"
524:Fusulier, Vandewattyne & Lomba 2003
474:
434:
51:Sambre-Escaut Trefilerie et ses Derives
534:
532:
506:
445:, Cold rolling and tinplate production
569:
567:
565:
519:
517:
515:
7:
482:Aron, Paul; Gotovitch, José (2008).
869:ArcelorMittal Liège company website
880:"Cockerill Sambre Liège / Seraing"
25:
968:Companies based in Liège Province
958:1999 disestablishments in Belgium
424:European Coal and Steel Community
364:The company then merged with the
27:Former Belgian steel conglomerate
552:"La Providence – Réhon (France)"
253:In 1955 the company merged with
163:– both being the result of post-
953:1981 establishments in Belgium
233:Société anonyme John Cockerill
1:
761:Suzanne Pasleau (2002–2003).
317:group (fully absorbed 1989).
103:, which later became part of
913:Cockerill Company (Belgium)
894:20th Century Press Archives
801:Revue de Géographie de Lyon
577:(in French). Archived from
315:Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence
300:Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence
283:Les Forges de la Providence
18:Cockerill-Ougrée-Providence
984:
918:Steel companies of Belgium
711:, p.97 note.65 (to p. 83).
193:
159:based at Charleroi in the
354:Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau
228:John Cockerill & Cie.
767:Fédéralisme Régionalisme
614:(in French) (3): 2, 2015
395:) was acquired in 1994.
813:10.3406/geoca.1962.1734
348:Forges de la Providence
62:Forges de la Providence
841:Mommen, André (1994).
745:Mény & Wright 1987
733:Mény & Wright 1987
721:Mény & Wright 1987
697:Mény & Wright 1987
655:Mény & Wright 1987
643:Mény & Wright 1987
612:Le bulletin de la MMIL
592:Mény & Wright 1987
539:Mény & Wright 1987
219:
313:) became part of the
240:Strike of the 100,000
208:
928:History of Charleroi
794:. Walter de Gruyter.
351:company was sold to
672:fundinguniverse.com
486:. André Versaille.
454:Tolmatil: based in
368:-based steel group
174:It was merged into
161:province of Hainaut
34:
296:Marchienne-au-Pont
294:, (France) and in
220:
878:Harold Hfinster,
493:978-2-87495-001-8
276:contributing 1bn
153:province of Liège
130:
129:
58:Espérance-Longdoz
55:Usine d'Athus
16:(Redirected from
975:
933:History of Liège
886:
858:
837:
816:
795:
786:
784:
782:
773:. Archived from
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
675:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
633:
622:
616:
615:
609:
601:
595:
589:
583:
582:
581:on 4 March 2016.
571:
560:
559:
548:
542:
536:
527:
521:
510:
504:
498:
497:
479:
463:
452:
446:
439:
393:Eisenhüttenstadt
380:Cockerill-Sambre
374:Cockerill-Sambre
372:in 1981 to form
263:Cockerill-Ougrée
133:Cockerill-Sambre
75:
74:
35:
33:Cockerill-Sambre
21:
983:
982:
978:
977:
976:
974:
973:
972:
903:
902:
877:
865:
855:
840:
834:
819:
798:
789:
780:
778:
760:
757:
752:
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
666:
665:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
624:
623:
619:
607:
603:
602:
598:
590:
586:
573:
572:
563:
550:
549:
545:
537:
530:
522:
513:
505:
501:
494:
481:
480:
476:
471:
466:
453:
449:
440:
436:
432:
420:
382:
255:Ougrée-Marihaye
218:
203:
198:
192:
147:, on the river
139:, on the river
126:
69:
66:Ougrée-Marihaye
64:
60:
56:
54:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
981:
979:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
905:
904:
901:
900:
887:
875:
873:current entity
864:
863:External links
861:
860:
859:
853:
838:
832:
817:
807:(37–1): 5–74.
796:
787:
777:on 6 July 2011
756:
753:
750:
749:
747:, p. 728.
737:
735:, p. 722.
725:
723:, p. 726.
713:
701:
699:, p. 717.
689:
677:
659:
657:, p. 698.
647:
645:, p. 695.
635:
617:
596:
594:, p. 694.
584:
561:
543:
528:
511:
499:
492:
473:
472:
470:
467:
465:
464:
447:
433:
431:
428:
427:
426:
419:
416:
381:
378:
370:Hainaut-Sambre
345:. In 1979 the
311:Flémalle-Haute
278:Belgian francs
244:Liege province
226:, who founded
224:John Cockerill
212:John Cockerill
209:
202:
199:
196:Hainaut-Sambre
191:
188:
157:Hainaut-Sambre
128:
127:
124:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
49:
45:
44:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
980:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
923:ArcelorMittal
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
899:
895:
891:
888:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
867:
866:
862:
856:
854:9780415019361
850:
847:. Routledge.
846:
845:
839:
835:
833:9782930344126
829:
825:
824:
818:
814:
810:
806:
803:(in French).
802:
797:
793:
788:
776:
772:
769:(in French).
768:
764:
759:
758:
754:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
687:, p. 83.
686:
681:
678:
673:
669:
663:
660:
656:
651:
648:
644:
639:
636:
631:
627:
621:
618:
613:
606:
600:
597:
593:
588:
585:
580:
576:
570:
568:
566:
562:
557:
553:
547:
544:
541:, p. 693
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
516:
512:
509:, p. 91.
508:
503:
500:
495:
489:
485:
478:
475:
468:
461:
457:
451:
448:
444:
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245:
241:
236:
234:
229:
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217:
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207:
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189:
187:
185:
184:ArcelorMittal
181:
177:
172:
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166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
123:
119:
116:
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98:
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90:
86:
82:
78:
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67:
63:
59:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
30:
19:
883:
872:
843:
822:
804:
800:
791:
779:. Retrieved
775:the original
770:
766:
740:
728:
716:
704:
692:
680:
671:
662:
650:
638:
632:(in French).
630:industrie.lu
629:
620:
611:
599:
587:
579:the original
558:(in French).
556:industrie.lu
555:
546:
526:, p. 61
502:
483:
477:
459:
450:
442:
437:
397:
387:
383:
373:
363:
358:
352:
346:
336:
327:
321:
319:
307:Phenix Works
305:In 1969 the
304:
299:
281:
269:
267:
262:
258:
252:
237:
221:
173:
169:
165:World War II
132:
131:
121:Headquarters
29:
884:hfinster.de
781:3 September
507:Mommen 1994
441:Ferblatil:
48:Predecessor
907:Categories
469:References
326:, forming
238:The 8 day
210:Statue of
194:See also:
99:Bought by
389:EKO Stahl
366:Charleroi
359:Cockerill
259:Ferblatil
201:Cockerill
145:Charleroi
143:, and in
111:Successor
418:See also
408:Aceralia
292:Hautmont
270:Tolmatil
268:In 1961
261:to form
216:Brussels
38:Industry
938:Seraing
896:of the
892:in the
755:Sources
456:Tilleur
412:Arcelor
190:History
180:Arcelor
137:Seraing
125:Belgium
105:Arcelor
88:Defunct
80:Founded
851:
830:
490:
462:, p. 8
400:Usinor
339:Sidmar
274:Sidmar
176:Usinor
155:, and
149:Sambre
115:Usinor
101:Usinor
68:
608:(PDF)
430:Notes
404:Arbed
343:Arbed
288:Réhon
141:Meuse
42:Steel
849:ISBN
828:ISBN
783:2010
488:ISBN
406:and
290:and
257:and
96:Fate
91:1999
83:1981
898:ZBW
809:doi
341:to
332:EEC
214:in
909::
882:,
871:–
805:37
765:.
670:.
628:.
610:,
564:^
554:.
531:^
514:^
414:.
376:.
361:.
857:.
836:.
815:.
811::
785:.
771:3
674:.
496:.
391:(
309:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
