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123:. This program is the first aimed at commercial recovery of gas rather than mine degasification. It is also the first attempt to produce from more than one coal seam in the same wellbore. The coalbed methane wells were drilled on the lawn of the Pleasant Grove court house. The gas was of sufficient quality to be ducted into the kitchens of domestic users after minor processing including odorization as a safety measure.
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wastewater (produced water) discharge permits, and prepare
Environmental Impact Statements As with other natural resource utilization activities, the application and effectiveness of environmental laws, regulation, and enforcement vary with location. Violations of applicable laws and regulations are addressed through regulatory bodies and criminal and civil judicial proceedings.
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A large amount of coalbed methane produced water from the Black
Warrior Basin has less than 3,000 parts per million (ppm) total dissolved solids (TDS), and is discharged to surface streams under NPDES permits. However, coal beds in other parts of the basin contain greater than 10,000 ppm TDS, and are
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The
Pleasant Grove Field, which was established in July 1980 at a ceremony attended by U.S. Senators, Congressmen and officials of the Administration, was Alabama's first coal degasification field. John Gustavson, a Boulder geologist testified on the results in front of the State Oil and Gas Board of
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In 2008, coalbed methane production resulted in 1.23 billion barrels of produced water, of which 371 million barrels (30 percent), was discharged to surface streams under NPDES permits. Almost all the surface-discharged water was from three areas: the Black
Warrior Basin of Alabama, the Powder River
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Coalbed methane grew out of venting methane from coal seams. Some coal beds have long been known to be "gassy," and as a safety measure, boreholes were drilled into the seams from the surface, and the methane allowed to vent before mining. Methane produced in connection with coal mining is usually
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Federal regulations apply to the two most common methods of handling CBM produced water. If the water is discharged to a surface stream, it must be done under an NPDES permit or a federally compliant state equivalent. If the water is disposed of by underground injection, it must be to a Class II
243:
by the equivalent of about 379,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide between 2009 and 2017. Conventional coal bed methane production wells were not economically feasible in this location due to the low volume of seepage. The project delivers its gas to natural gas pipelines, and generates additional
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Coalbed methane received a major push from the US federal government in the late 1970s. Federal price controls were discouraging natural gas drilling by keeping natural gas prices below market levels; at the same time, the government wanted to encourage more gas production. The US Department of
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The environmental impacts of CBM development are considered by various governmental bodies during the permitting process and operation, which provide opportunities for public comment and intervention. Operators are required to obtain building permits for roads, pipelines and structures, obtain
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predicts more than 700 trillion cubic feet (20 trillion cubic metres) of methane within the US. At a natural gas price of US$ 6.05 per million Btu (US$ 5.73/GJ), that volume is worth US$ 4.37 trillion. At least 100 trillion cubic feet (2.8 trillion cubic metres) of it is
178:(TDS). Because of the large amounts of water produced, economic water handling is an important factor in the economics of coalbed wells. CBM water from some areas, such as the San Juan Basin of Colorado and New Mexico, is of too poor quality to gain a
182:(NPDES) permit required for discharge to a surface stream, and most be disposed of to a federally licensed Class II disposal well, which injects produced water into saline aquifers below the base of potentially usable water.
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The EIA reports 2017 reserves at 11,878 billion cubic feet (BCF) or 11.878 trillion cubic feet, which at a current market price of US $ 2.97 as of May 14, 2021, are worth approximately $ 36.2 Billion USD.
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Energy funded research into a number of unconventional gas sources, including coalbed methane. Coalbed methane was exempted from federal price controls, and was also given a federal tax credit.
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brought to the surface as a byproduct of gas extraction varies greatly in quality from area to area, but may contain undesirably high concentrations of dissolved substances such as
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of
Wyoming, USA, commonly meets federal drinking water standards, and is widely used in the area to water livestock. Its use for irrigation is limited by its relatively high
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Alabama, who in 1983 established the nation's first comprehensive rules and regulations governing coalbed methane. These rules have served as a model for other states.
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480:. Evaluation of Impacts to Underground Sources of Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs (Report). EPA. June 2004. EPA-816-R-04-003.
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was 0.98 trillion cubic feet (TCF), 3.6 percent of all US dry gas production that year. The 2017 production was down from the peak of 1.97 TCF in 2008. Most
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The
American Public Gas Association under a U. S. Department of Energy grant funded a three-well research program in 1980 to produce coalbed methane at
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State of
Montana Department of Environment Quality; Coal Bed Methane; Federal, State, and Local Laws, Regulations, and Permits - That May Be Required
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State of
Montana Department of Environment Quality; Final Statewide Oil and Gas EIS and Proposed Amendment of the Powder River and Billings RMPs
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Not all coalbed methane produced water is saline or otherwise undesirable. Water from coalbed methane wells in the
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As natural gas wells, most of the permitting and regulation of coalbed methane is done by state governments.
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466:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). April 2013. EPA-820-R-13-009.
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Water
Management Strategies for Improved Coalbed Methane Production in the Black Warrior Basin
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Coalbed methane as a resource apart from coal mining began in the early 1980s in the
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Coalbed methane production trends in the top five US producing states, 1989-2011.
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Technical
Development Document for the Coalbed Methane (CBM) Extraction Industry
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Coalbed methane reserve estimates vary; however a 1997 estimate from the
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541:"Outdoors industry taps into Southern Ute methane capture project"
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Basin of Wyoming, and the Raton Basin of Colorado and New Mexico.
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570:"Southern Ute Indian Tribe: Natural Methane Capture and Use"
347:"Coalbed Methane Proven Reserves as of 31 December 2017"
223:built a 3-megawatt methane-to-electricity plant in
58:production came from the Rocky Mountain states of
665:Kansas Geological Survey guide to Coalbed Methane
46:US proved reserves of coalbed methane, 1989-2007.
180:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
22:Coalbed methane areas in the US lower 48 states
365:"NGH20 Quote Overview for Fri, Jan 31st, 2020"
506:"How Aspen Skiing Co. became a power company"
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599:"Colorado - Native American Methane Capture"
478:"Attachment 5. The Powder River Coal Basin"
231:Funding methane capture with carbon offsets
312:"Coal-Bed Methane: Potential and Concerns"
439:"Coalbed Methane Association of Alabama"
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239:’s methane capture project has reduced
423:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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297:US Energy Information Administration,
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52:coalbed methane in the United States
653:Coalbed Gas - News and Publications
131:Areas of coalbed methane production
104:Start of coalbed methane in Alabama
227:at Oxbow Carbon's Elk Creek Mine.
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539:Mullane, Shannon (July 9, 2019).
695:Natural gas in the United States
659:Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
274:Natural gas in the United States
78:economically viable to produce.
609:from the original on 2015-10-25
580:from the original on 2019-12-21
551:from the original on 2019-07-10
518:from the original on 2017-07-08
504:Ward, Bob (November 21, 2014).
375:from the original on 2020-01-31
351:Energy Information Agency (EIA)
328:from the original on 2003-07-01
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279:Four Corners Methane Hot Spot
30:US coalbed methane production
244:revenue through the sale of
91:called "coal mine methane."
490:Alabama Geological Survey,
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299:Coalbed methane production
685:Coal in the United States
237:Southern Ute Indian Tribe
157:, Colorado and New Mexico
151:, Colorado and New Mexico
241:greenhouse gas emissions
301:, accessed 9 Oct. 2013.
200:sodium adsorption ratio
121:Pleasant Grove, Alabama
50:The 2017 production of
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176:total dissolved solids
75:U.S. Geological Survey
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319:US Geological Surveys
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371:. January 31, 2020.
221:Aspen Skiing Company
211:classed as saline.
206:Black Warrior Basin
137:Black Warrior Basin
110:Black Warrior Basin
690:Unconventional gas
225:Somerset, Colorado
196:Powder River Basin
190:Powder River Basin
143:Powder River Basin
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603:Cool Effect
511:Aspen Times
149:Raton Basin
674:Categories
613:2019-12-21
584:2019-12-21
555:2019-12-21
522:2019-12-21
494:, undated.
449:2013-10-09
410:2008-02-18
379:2020-01-31
332:2011-02-01
285:References
252:Regulation
68:New Mexico
145:, Wyoming
139:, Alabama
607:Archived
578:Archived
576:. 2018.
549:Archived
516:Archived
419:cite web
373:Archived
369:Barchart
323:Archived
268:See also
60:Colorado
680:Methane
114:Alabama
86:History
64:Wyoming
66:, and
661:- EPA
404:(PDF)
397:(PDF)
326:(PDF)
315:(PDF)
172:salts
425:link
235:The
174:and
166:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
