979:, which was only used once. This change was intended to give Fifth Republic presidents more power than they might have had under the original constitution. While still seen as the symbol and embodiment of the nation, the president also was given a popular mandate. Of course, the majority party of the National Assembly retained power as well, but since the popularly elected president appointed the prime minister (subject to the approval of the National Assembly), the former was seen as having the upper hand in any conflict between executive and legislature. Furthermore, the imbalance is further illustrated by the fact that the president can dissolve the Assembly at any time (but not more than once in a year), whereas the legislature has no powers of removal against the president.
25:
699:
102:
827:
in the late 19th century, voters cast their ballots by taking a ticket provided by a party worker and putting it in the ballot box. The party-column ballot listed all candidates of the party in a single column and allowed the voter to mark off the party box at the top, which encouraged straight-party
1045:
Singapore introduced the GRC system in 1988, where candidates for
Parliament run and are elected on a slate of 3 to 6 candidates in some constituencies, with a minimum of one minority candidate on each slate. The purported aim was to ensure minority representation in Parliament. However, it resulted
788:
The "coattail effect" is not usually caused by popular candidates convincing swing voters to cast their ballots for their party, although this is not unheard of. Rather, the effect often stems from popular candidates driving voter turnout among their own party base, people who are likely to vote for
982:
However, even after direct presidential elections were introduced, the presidential term remained at seven years, while the
National Assembly's term ran for five. The term imbalance could not guarantee that the President's preferred Prime Minister would enjoy a parliamentary majority, and a risk of
863:
There is also the "negative coattail" effect in which a controversial presidential candidate may hurt candidates on the party's ticket running for lower offices. Goldwater's poor showing in the presidential election of 1964 led to the defeat of dozens of
Republicans in the House of Representatives,
831:
In modern times voting machines have replaced the party-column ballot with the office-column ballot: candidates are grouped by office rather than party. Often there is no way to cast a party-line vote, and each office must be voted on separately. The proportion of voters choosing House and
832:
presidential candidates of different parties increased from 13 percent in 1952 to more than 40 percent in the elections of 1972, 1980, and 1988. Consequently, Presidential coattails have been virtually eliminated in most elections, and a number of
Presidents, including
851:
won the White House with 40,831,881 votes, but
Democratic candidates for the House that year received 41,749,411 votes. In 1992, almost all Democrats elected to Congress won more votes in their congressional districts than the party's presidential candidate,
814:
Presidential coattails is the ability of a presidential candidate to bring out supporters who then vote for his party's candidates for other offices. In effect, the other candidates are said to ride on the presidential candidate's coattails.
960:, the presidential term ran for seven years. While the Presidents of the Third and Fourth republics were ceremonial figureheads, the Fifth Republic's constitution brought together a president with considerable executive powers and a
876:
are the most recent elections in which the same party both won the White House and took control of the House from their opponents. Since 1952, control of the House has changed hands six times, all of which were in midterm elections
994:
After the 2000 amendment, Presidential and national assembly elections were merely two months apart. This resulted in a noticeable coattail effect, where the
President's party gains a majority in the National Assembly, even in
868:- when a President associated with unpopular policies is not up for re-election, the electorate will often respond by punishing Congressional candidates from the President's own party. The Presidential elections of
828:
voting and the coattails effect. Straight-party voting was the norm, and winners in presidential elections often had long coattails. They almost always began their term with majorities in the House and Senate.
987:- a situation of divided government where ideological rivals hold the Presidency and the Premiership - loomed. For this reason, a constitutional amendment to shorten the presidential term to five years
796:(GRCs) in Singapore, where candidates for Parliament run on a party slate of 3 to 6 candidates. This allows weak candidates to get elected "riding on the coattails" of strong candidates on their slate.
785:
This also refers to the phenomenon that same-party members of the U.S. Senate or House of
Representatives are more likely to be voted for on a year of the presidential election than a midterm.
1210:
847:
Presidents may suffer from a "reverse coattail" effect in which their party's candidates for the House or Senate get more votes than the presidents themselves. In 1976, for example,
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
972:; the prime minister, similarly, was to "direct the work of government", providing a strong leadership to the legislative branch and to help overcome partisan squabbles.
763:
This theory is prevalent at all levels of government. Popular statewide candidates for governor or senator can also attract support for down ballot races of their party.
1046:
in a "coattail effect" where unpopular and even unknown candidates are elected because they ran together with popular candidates (usually
Ministers) on the same slate.
35:
1056:
that it was used to recruit able people to join politics, particularly since the GRC system reduced the losses of the ruling party. In
Singapore, the ruling
419:
873:
869:
384:
414:
253:
748:
is the tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election. For example, in the
356:
988:
1088:
559:
1290:
1125:
1040:
1020:
1008:
793:
69:
1016:
996:
727:
1355:
753:
404:
904:
Since the end of World War II, there have been a total of five
American presidential elections that had coattail effects:
941:
933:
925:
917:
909:
681:
341:
1350:
332:
806:
that refers to one who achieves some level of success or notability primarily through association with someone else.
51:
968:. The president's task was primarily to end deadlock and act decisively to avoid the stagnation prevalent under the
361:
298:
984:
554:
313:
961:
864:
leaving Johnson a large Democratic majority to pass his agenda. The negative coattail effect is also common in
389:
1057:
375:
1064:
with the GRC system. As of 2015, there were only 6 fully elected Opposition MPs in the 89-seat Parliament.
1235:
1083:
969:
757:
569:
470:
351:
1166:
Calvert, Randall L.; Ferejohn, John A. (June 1983). "Coattail Voting in Recent Presidential Elections".
957:
424:
409:
308:
1078:
965:
913:
779:
720:
47:
1240:
1073:
953:
844:, have begun their terms with one or both chambers of Congress controlled by the opposition party.
465:
1326:
1261:
1253:
1191:
1183:
1114:
Magleby, David B.; O'Brien, David M.; Light, Paul C.; Cronin, Thomas E.; Peltason, J. W. (2007).
676:
635:
225:
210:
164:
159:
132:
799:
1226:
Campbell, James E.; Sumners, Joe A. (June 1990). "Presidential Coattails in Senate Elections".
1286:
1121:
1012:
976:
921:
841:
760:
as well; these Members of Congress are voted into office "on the coattails" of the president.
645:
625:
564:
513:
394:
346:
280:
205:
195:
174:
169:
86:
1318:
1245:
1175:
865:
856:; that may have had to do with the presence of a strong third-party presidential candidate,
775:
579:
508:
460:
303:
289:
16:
The tendency for a popular candidate to attract votes for other candidates of the same party
1024:
905:
713:
703:
630:
613:
475:
429:
127:
1050:
1004:
767:
574:
518:
323:
318:
263:
258:
698:
1344:
1330:
1322:
1306:
1195:
1141:
1053:
1000:
929:
837:
833:
824:
749:
671:
589:
584:
244:
220:
215:
137:
1265:
937:
853:
848:
666:
650:
598:
489:
480:
455:
235:
200:
1280:
1115:
792:
The "coattail effect" has also been used to derogatorily describe the effect of
640:
523:
503:
230:
975:
Since 1962, French presidents have been elected by popular vote, replacing the
1093:
1061:
1028:
857:
498:
366:
190:
150:
1309:(December 2008). "Singapore's Electoral System: Government by the People?".
901:) and all of which were at the expense of the incumbent President's party.
146:
778:. People have a tendency to vote based on a political party instead of the
803:
399:
1257:
1187:
101:
771:
118:
93:
1249:
1179:
1049:
Despite the official reason cited, it was later stated by former
1011:
resulting in a landslide for Chirac against far-right candidate
18:
34:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1003:, favored to win in a run-off between him and incumbent
43:
1031:- formed in 2016 - instead of an established party).
1282:
Pre-Election Polling: Sources of Accuracy and Error
1285:. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 124, 178–180.
1117:Government by the People, National, State, Local
1212:States Matter - Gerrymandering & Pipelines
721:
32:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1007:, was placed third in the first round, with
430:Parallel voting (Mixed member majoritarian)
728:
714:
619:
543:
449:
395:Mixed single vote (positive vote transfer)
333:Proportional and semi-proportional systems
285:
114:
81:
1239:
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
1106:
756:candidate will often win many seats in
658:
597:
488:
374:
331:
288:
243:
182:
145:
117:
92:
1228:The American Political Science Review
1168:The American Political Science Review
789:down-ballot party candidates anyway.
7:
1060:maintains almost total dominance in
1120:. Prentice Hall. pp. 319–323.
1035:Group representation constituencies
794:Group Representation Constituencies
290:Plurality and majoritarian systems
14:
1279:Crespi, Irving (23 August 1988).
1142:"Ride Coattails idiom definition"
1041:Group representation constituency
400:Scorporo (negative vote transfer)
1323:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2008.00106.x
999:(where the Socialist candidate,
697:
100:
23:
823:Before the introduction of the
1209:Daley, David (24 April 2018).
405:Mixed ballot transferable vote
1:
956:was re-established under the
948:In the French Fifth Republic
752:, the party of a victorious
682:End-to-end verifiable voting
342:Single non-transferable vote
540:Voting patterns and effects
46:, discuss the issue on the
1372:
1038:
1027:, ran under the banner of
362:Single transferable voting
299:First-past-the-post voting
802:can be used as a generic
766:This is prevalent in the
555:Voting advice application
385:Mixed-member proportional
314:Plurality-at-large voting
420:Rural–urban proportional
415:Dual-member proportional
390:Additional member system
1084:Straight-ticket voting
970:French Fourth Republic
810:Presidential coattails
570:Passive electioneering
471:Straight-ticket voting
1356:Political terminology
1058:People's Action Party
964:, responsible before
425:Majority bonus system
410:Alternative Vote Plus
309:Instant-runoff voting
1094:Lead-in and lead-out
952:Since the office of
819:In the United States
800:Riding the coattails
376:Mixed-member systems
52:create a new article
44:improve this article
1146:The Free Dictionary
1074:Government trifecta
1021:presidential race's
989:was adopted in 2000
954:President of France
704:Politics portal
466:Split-ticket voting
1351:Political theories
1215:. Sister District.
1079:Reagan's coattails
1009:the actual run-off
746:down-ballot effect
677:Voter registration
636:Voter intimidation
160:Write-in candidate
133:Provisional ballot
1096:(in broadcasting)
1013:Jean-Marie Le Pen
977:electoral college
914:Dwight Eisenhower
866:midterm elections
842:George H. W. Bush
738:
737:
689:
688:
646:Voter suppression
626:Ballot harvesting
604:
603:
565:Paradox of voting
531:
530:
514:None of the above
446:Voting strategies
437:
436:
347:Cumulative voting
281:Electoral systems
271:
270:
206:Electronic voting
196:Compulsory voting
80:
79:
72:
54:, as appropriate.
1363:
1335:
1334:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1243:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1111:
782:for their area.
776:general election
774:especially in a
730:
723:
716:
702:
701:
620:
580:Political apathy
544:
509:Election boycott
450:
304:Two-round system
286:
115:
104:
82:
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1250:10.2307/1963532
1241:10.1.1.421.3388
1225:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1180:10.2307/1958925
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1070:
1043:
1037:
1025:Emmanuel Macron
950:
821:
812:
742:coattail effect
734:
696:
691:
690:
631:Ballot stuffing
617:
614:Electoral fraud
606:
605:
550:Coattail effect
541:
533:
532:
476:Tactical voting
447:
439:
438:
352:Binomial system
283:
273:
272:
151:Ballot measures
128:Absentee ballot
112:
87:Politics series
76:
65:
59:
56:
41:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1317:(4): 610–628.
1307:Tey, Tsun Hang
1298:
1291:
1271:
1234:(2): 513–524.
1218:
1201:
1174:(2): 407–419.
1158:
1133:
1126:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1051:Prime Minister
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1005:Jacques Chirac
962:prime minister
958:Third Republic
949:
946:
922:Lyndon Johnson
820:
817:
811:
808:
768:United Kingdom
736:
735:
733:
732:
725:
718:
710:
707:
706:
693:
692:
687:
686:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
661:
660:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
618:
616:and prevention
612:
611:
608:
607:
602:
601:
595:
594:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
575:Vote splitting
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
528:
527:
526:
521:
519:Refused ballot
516:
511:
506:
501:
493:
492:
486:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
435:
434:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
379:
378:
372:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
336:
335:
329:
328:
327:
326:
324:Usual judgment
321:
319:General ticket
316:
311:
306:
301:
293:
292:
284:
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
268:
267:
266:
264:Voting machine
261:
256:
248:
247:
241:
240:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
185:
184:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
154:
153:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
130:
122:
121:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
97:
96:
90:
89:
78:
77:
38:of the subject
36:worldwide view
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1368:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:Legal Studies
1308:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1292:9781610441445
1288:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1127:9780132391498
1123:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Wave election
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Goh Chok Tong
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:Lionel Jospin
998:
992:
990:
986:
980:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:Ronald Reagan
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
871:
867:
861:
859:
855:
850:
845:
843:
839:
838:Ronald Reagan
835:
834:Richard Nixon
829:
826:
825:secret ballot
818:
816:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
795:
790:
786:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
761:
759:
755:
751:
750:United States
747:
743:
731:
726:
724:
719:
717:
712:
711:
709:
708:
705:
700:
695:
694:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
672:Secret ballot
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
621:
615:
610:
609:
600:
599:Protest votes
596:
591:
590:Voter turnout
588:
586:
585:Voter fatigue
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
545:
537:
536:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
494:
491:
490:Protest votes
487:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:Fusion voting
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
443:
442:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
380:
377:
373:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
337:
334:
330:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
295:
294:
291:
287:
282:
277:
276:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
250:
249:
246:
242:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:Postal voting
219:
217:
216:Polling place
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
187:
186:
181:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
156:
155:
152:
148:
144:
139:
138:Sample ballot
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
124:
123:
120:
116:
108:
107:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
83:
74:
71:
63:
53:
49:
45:
39:
37:
30:
21:
20:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1281:
1274:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1211:
1204:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1136:
1116:
1109:
1048:
1044:
993:
985:cohabitation
981:
974:
951:
938:Barack Obama
906:Harry Truman
903:
862:
854:Bill Clinton
849:Jimmy Carter
846:
830:
822:
813:
798:
791:
787:
784:
765:
762:
754:presidential
745:
741:
739:
667:Election ink
651:Voter caging
560:Likely voter
549:
481:Vote pairing
456:Issue voting
254:Popular vote
236:Voting booth
201:Early voting
85:Part of the
66:
60:January 2011
57:
33:
1019:(where the
641:Vote buying
524:Spoilt vote
504:Donkey vote
231:Vote center
211:Open ballot
1345:Categories
1101:References
1062:Parliament
1029:En Marche!
966:Parliament
858:Ross Perot
659:Prevention
499:Abstention
367:Spare vote
357:Party-list
191:Ballot box
183:Collection
165:Electorate
147:Candidates
1331:143965283
1236:CiteSeerX
1196:147474806
111:Balloting
48:talk page
1266:14987482
1151:19 March
1068:See also
1023:winner,
804:metaphor
758:Congress
245:Counting
226:Precinct
42:You may
1258:1963532
1188:1958925
119:Ballots
1329:
1289:
1264:
1256:
1238:
1194:
1186:
1124:
1015:) and
936:, and
840:, and
772:Canada
175:Ticket
94:Voting
1327:S2CID
1262:S2CID
1254:JSTOR
1192:S2CID
1184:JSTOR
259:Tally
170:Slate
50:, or
1287:ISBN
1153:2015
1122:ISBN
1017:2017
997:2002
942:2008
934:1980
926:1964
918:1952
910:1948
899:2022
897:and
895:2018
891:2010
887:2006
883:1994
879:1954
874:1952
872:and
870:1948
770:and
740:The
149:and
1319:doi
1246:doi
1176:doi
940:in
932:in
924:in
916:in
908:in
744:or
1347::
1325:.
1315:28
1313:.
1260:.
1252:.
1244:.
1232:84
1230:.
1190:.
1182:.
1172:77
1170:.
1144:.
991:.
944:.
928:,
920:,
912:,
893:,
889:,
885:,
881:,
860:.
836:,
780:MP
1333:.
1321::
1295:.
1268:.
1248::
1198:.
1178::
1155:.
1130:.
877:(
729:e
722:t
715:v
73:)
67:(
62:)
58:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
