1902:
1829:
1378:
1864:
1629:
1586:
1876:
1264:
1227:
1508:
765:
1428:
1574:
803:
693:
1185:
1148:
1046:
962:
758:
863:
1178:
955:
810:
700:
1845:
1009:
1002:
1094:
856:
1409:
1390:
898:
73:
1490:
1101:
1141:
917:
1462:
817:
707:
1336:
1108:
936:
870:
59:
1476:
1302:
1324:
1234:
1220:
1192:
1155:
1053:
1039:
1016:
772:
1287:
1363:
1944:
1448:
1608:'s star featured as the sole external heraldic device. The entire achievement was depicted upon an oval background with the words "French Republic" on the edge, a non-heraldic element. The console and oval background were mentioned as late as February 1914, but generally omitted after World War I, while the star of the Legion of Honour had been accompanied by the 1881 version of the grand collar.
1932:
1205:. (Stars were eventually added to the Mantling; along with addition of Supporters, a decrease of the flags to two, the addition of a helmet, the reversion to the Fleur-de-Lys Crown as one of the two Crowns, the flagpoles having spearheads and at the base were two cannons surmounted by floral branches.)
1559:
of the United
Kingdom and Italy, respectively, once again brought attention to the fact that France had no coat of arms. The Foreign Ministry responded by consulting the Grand Chancellery, which in turn asked the heraldists to propose national heraldic devices. Among about twenty proposals which were
1534:
sought to address this issue by proposing arms. This first attempt was not successful. Count Horace de
Choiseul, undersecretary of state in this department, invited the sculptor Francia to submit a proposal to him, which this denier executed on the drawing of
1901:
1828:
1746:
hall in New York, alongside the other member states' arms. On 3 June, an interministerial commission met at the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs to select this emblem. It requested Robert Louis (1902–1965), heraldic artist, to produce a version of the
747:
intended to place the kingdom under the double invocation of the Virgin (the lily is a symbol of Mary), and the
Trinity, for the number. The traditional supporters of the French royal arms are two angels, sometimes wearing a heraldic dalmatic.
1641:
1875:
407:
are a bundle of birch rods containing a sacrificial axe. In Roman times, the fasces symbolized the power of magistrates, representing union and accord with the Roman
Republic. French architects began to use the Roman fasces
2162:, II me Série, Les Appartments D'Anne D'Autriche, De François I er, Et D'Elenonre La Chapelle, Labrairie Centrale D'Art Et D'Architecture, Ancienne Maison Morel, Ch. Eggimann, Succ, 106, Boulevard Saint Germain, Paris, 1912
2474:
1844:
1863:
724:
The historical coat of arms of France were the golden fleurs-de-lys on a blue field, used continuously for nearly six centuries (1211–1792). Although according to legend they originated at the baptism of
1523:
in 1870. Consequently, the façade and balconies of French embassies and consulates were sometimes decorated with quasi-heraldic emblems, such as a simple RF monogram or a lictor's fasces topped with a
2436:"VELIKY NOVGOROD, RUSSIA – AUGUST 17, 2015. Coat of arms of France, represented in the Hanseatic fountain. The fountain consists of 16 coats of arms belonging to the Hanseatic League of the New Times"
4260:
1585:
1640:
2387:
3422:
729:, who supposedly replaced the three toads that adorned his shield with three lilies given by an angel, they are first documented only from the early 13th century. They were first shown as
3742:
1377:
3202:
2606:
2641:
2591:
2256:
2611:
2150:, I re Série, Styles Louis XV, Louis XVI, Empire, Labrairie Centrale D'Art Et D'Architecture, Ancienne Maison Morel, Ch. Eggimann, Succ, 106, Boulevard Saint Germain, Paris, 1910
1567:'s composition was formally adopted as the new coat of arms of France. This design was to be used by embassies and consulates abroad, instead of previous quasi-heraldic emblems.
2435:
432:, the fasces is a tribute to the Roman Republic and means that power belongs to the people. It also symbolizes the "unity and indivisibility of the Republic", as stated in the
1263:
2651:
2661:
2656:
2631:
2621:
2601:
2666:
2646:
2636:
2616:
2596:
1427:
1770:
1628:
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2626:
2052:
1592:
231:
3528:
3094:
2449:
2009:
3735:
312:
palewise upon two branches, of oak and of laurel, crossed in saltire, all or, surmounted by a ribbon of the same charged with the motto in letters sable: "
144:
palewise upon two branches, of oak and of laurel, crossed in saltire, all or, surmounted by a ribbon of the same charged with the motto in letters sable: "
2333:
1335:
1715:
replied that "there is no, in principle, official coat of arms or emblem," but that such a composition was used for the French embassies and consulates.
2867:
1788:
1573:
1686:), awarded to inhabitants of the two border regions of Alsace and Lorraine, who had been either imprisoned or exiled by the occupying Germans during
4291:
3822:
335:
315:
209:
147:
3728:
2693:
1782:
Azure a Fasces Or bindings Argent between two Laurel sprigs disposed orleways of the second and bound together in base by a ribbon of the third.
4296:
3919:
3242:
3227:
1835:
1675:
1527:. This was lamented by diplomats, as it neither reflected the country's rich heraldic tradition nor matched other European countries' emblems.
3854:
2995:
2230:
1663:
1905: A watercolour reproducing de Meyère's design was sent to each member of the government, and the arms adorned the two entrances of the
3626:
1712:
1408:
4316:
3349:
3112:
2768:
2758:
512:
is represented wearing a laurel wreath on his head, and wreaths were awarded to victors in athletic competitions, including the ancient
2186:
1389:
4281:
4126:
4051:
3939:
3197:
1971:
608:
399:
4286:
4214:
3964:
3169:
3154:
2586:
2053:
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4657709x/f1.item.r=%22%20D'azur,%20au%20faisceau%20de%20licteur%20posé%20en%20pal%22.zoom
2220:
4136:
3847:
3437:
3278:
3232:
1961:
1489:
1226:
320:". The shield is surrounded by the Grand Collar of the Order of the Legion of Honor proper, the cross suspended from it in base.
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4229:
4181:
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1743:
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1114:
1083:
1922:
4191:
4153:
3447:
2926:
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1991:
1556:
1461:
961:
4111:
3789:
3565:
3285:
3159:
3149:
2897:
2738:
2686:
1751:
1475:
1286:
28:
2453:
2013:
1323:
4081:
4041:
4021:
3909:
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3476:
3397:
3164:
3074:
3053:
2753:
2743:
2733:
1966:
1735:
1711:
1929: On 10 May the German embassy in France inquired what was the official coat of arms of France was. The French
1414:
1395:
1184:
1147:
1045:
32:
4219:
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3327:
3300:
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4306:
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4141:
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2812:
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In 1924/1925, a greater version of the arms was invented for a decorative tapestry commissioned by the city of
942:
640:
4209:
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862:
4131:
4121:
4071:
4031:
3989:
3984:
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3268:
3222:
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1362:
1177:
972:
954:
809:
782:
740:
736:
699:
363:
274:
4234:
4176:
4106:
4086:
4076:
4061:
4056:
4036:
4006:
3974:
3934:
3560:
3518:
3503:
3295:
3117:
3017:
2679:
2064:
1811:
1495:
1481:
1467:
1345:
1277:
1244:
904:
731:
668:
569:
281:
266:
262:
215:
77:
1447:
4146:
4101:
4026:
3523:
3513:
3305:
3129:
3037:
2972:
2552:
1850:
1777:
1739:
1694:
1616:
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1248:
1022:
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663:
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513:
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258:
223:
72:
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1140:
4001:
3811:
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3089:
3027:
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2807:
1531:
1512:
1240:
1210:
1063:
916:
3631:
3588:
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3339:
3332:
3312:
3273:
3185:
2977:
2946:
2921:
2887:
2789:
2784:
1787:
1982/1988: The arms were depicted on French space suits during the Franco-Soviet space missions of
1292:
1165:
1059:
1029:
923:
744:
648:
573:
496:
433:
157:
2566:
1810:
The coat of arms is still used, e.g. in relation to presidential inaugurations, including that of
4171:
3870:
3777:
3543:
3488:
3442:
3290:
3256:
2840:
2172:
1956:
1601:
984:
976:
490:
2514:
2486:
935:
3784:
3689:
3671:
3666:
3651:
3636:
3575:
3538:
3452:
3385:
3375:
3363:
3344:
3212:
3139:
2962:
2862:
2748:
2728:
2705:
2581:
2226:
1766:
1727:
1126:
1079:
1067:
968:
790:
786:
683:
628:
417:
379:
242:
131:
58:
36:
2035:
3603:
3555:
3427:
3402:
3065:
2904:
2892:
2194:
1719:
1605:
1418:
1399:
1118:
877:
824:
714:
614:
553:
375:
270:
250:
246:
219:
167:
119:
1219:
1038:
834:. After the death of the last direct Capetian in 1328, the kingdom of France passed to the
816:
706:
3996:
3698:
3661:
3646:
3641:
3583:
3498:
3058:
2799:
1948:
1857:
hall intended to be emblazoned with national arms, including France's, but removed in 1956
1819:
1803:
1679:
1561:
1273:
1202:
1107:
869:
843:
835:
596:
531:
505:
359:
350:
227:
3044:
2411:
1668:
4255:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3432:
3390:
2967:
1815:
1198:
980:
802:
692:
673:
604:
557:
421:
367:
285:
163:
2561:
2371:
2284:
1233:
1191:
1154:
1052:
1015:
771:
17:
4275:
3703:
3533:
3317:
3005:
2216:
1936:
1161:
1130:
1093:
884:
855:
830:
720:
539:
460:
449:
2540:
1731:
reproduced a monochrome reproduction of the arms as a symbol of the French
Republic.
488:) branch, an aromatic broadleaf evergreen, or later from spineless butcher's broom (
27:
This article is about the heraldic emblem of France. For the diplomatic emblem, see
3767:
3417:
3122:
3079:
2879:
2850:
2357:
2095:
1551:
of Spain's official visit to France in 1905, as well as preceding visits from king
1548:
1524:
881:
827:
717:
632:
619:
600:
535:
429:
238:
206:
upon branches of laurel and oak, as well as a ribbon bearing the national motto of
40:
2285:"AGORHA : Bases de données de l'Institut national d'histoire de l'art (INHA)"
1536:
382:, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the
2571:
538:
they were symbols of martial victory, crowning a successful commander during his
3816:
3084:
2987:
2832:
2373:
AGORHA : Bases de données de l'Institut national d'histoire de l'art (INHA)
2121:
1687:
1071:
926:
changed the open crown traditionally used by his predecessors for a closed one.
778:
1693:
1924/1925: A greater version of the arms was depicted on a painted tapestry by
3593:
2822:
2117:
1708:
1928: German encyclopedias gave a color reproduction of
Jaulmes' greater arms.
1698:
1612:
1552:
1349:
479:
413:
3720:
2546:
2312:
1995:
2931:
2120:(1997), "Liberté, égalité, fraternité stands for peace country and war", in
1368:
1307:
1269:
839:
735:, that is to say without any definite number and staggered (known as France
472:
273:, the core of the French kingdom, and the arms of many French communes (see
2077:
635:
is still popular, and used by overseas people of French heritage, like the
623:
was used by French kings since the Middle Ages, which were followed by the
3839:
3828:
2132:] (in French), vol. tome III, Quarto Gallimard, pp. 4353–89
1886:
1792:
726:
636:
565:
561:
254:
1519:
The state was left without a coat of arms after the proclamation of the
2845:
2713:
2500:
1353:
1341:
519:
355:
89:
2531:
1776:
6 June 1980: President d'Estaing assumed on him being admitted to the
3772:
3134:
2702:
1758:'s 1905 design instead, and this was adopted and submitted to the UN.
1600:
In de Meyère's composition, the escutcheon was framed by an artistic
509:
501:
468:
464:
404:
395:
371:
309:
305:
297:
203:
199:
195:
141:
137:
124:
94:
2334:"Visite de S.M. Alphonse XIII à Paris : départ pour Versailles"
591:
13th century – 1870: Arms of dominion / French
Revolution
1506:
644:
2667:
Le Pays : journal des volontés de la France, 22 October 1919
3407:
2817:
2671:
3843:
3724:
2675:
2567:
http://musee.sceaualsacien.pagesperso-orange.fr/heraldique.html
2662:
Le Pays : journal des volontés de la France, 11 June 1905
2475:
File:Visites
Mitterrand Chirac à l'hôtel de ville de Paris.jpg
1891:
568:
and retained by all later French governments and régimes. The
456:
445:
1515:
proposed a coat of arms that was not successfully implemented
572:
includes the order's grand collar, which is worn only by the
525:
1697:, titled "Les armes de France". Commissioned by the city of
1543:
1905–present: Adoption and modifications in external devices
739:), but in 1376 they were reduced to three, (known as France
1623:
Achievements including the 1881 version of the grand collar
39:
traditionally depicted on the national and royal arms, see
275:
Category:Coats of arms of communes of France by department
2450:"Réception d'Emmanuel Macron à l'Hôtel de ville de Paris"
2010:"Réception d'Emmanuel Macron à l'Hôtel de ville de Paris"
2642:
Le Grand écho du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, 21 April 1905
234:
during state visits and for presidential inaugurations.
516:— for which they were made of wild olive-tree known as
2487:"General Assembly Hall at United Nations Headquarters"
1869:
The arms depicted on presidential inaugural documents.
941:
The arms of France Modern. After the creation of the
903:
The arms of France Modern. After the creation of the
1920:
1742:
that were to adorn the wall behind the podium in the
1646:
Greater version designed by
Jaulmes but never adopted
1070:
and inset with "golden bees" as in the tomb of King
4248:
4200:
4162:
3877:
3574:
3475:
3362:
3255:
3184:
3105:
2986:
2955:
2878:
2831:
2798:
2777:
2721:
2712:
2562:
http://www.languedoc-france.info/06141203_motto.htm
1503:
1870–1905: Period without any national coat of arms
222:. This composition was created in 1905 (during the
175:
156:
130:
118:
100:
88:
65:
51:
617:, which by extension also represented France. The
2160:Les Grands Palais de France : Fontainebleau
1834:The arms emblazoned onto the reverse side of the
945:in 1578, its collar was added to the royal arms.
907:in 1469, its collar was added to the royal arms.
237:The country is traditionally associated with the
2148:Les Grands Palais de France : Fontainebleau
400:Symbolism in the French Revolution § Fasces
2225:(1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
302:
269:. The fleur-de-lis was also the symbol of
230:Maurice de Meyère, and it has been used at the
2572:http://svowebmaster.free.fr/blason_france.html
249:. This design still represents France and the
3855:
3736:
2687:
2094:. Embassy of France in the US. Archived from
1247:, again featuring an eagle, but now with the
979:impaled with France Moderne, indicating the
412:) as a decorative device during the reign of
8:
3063:
3042:
2902:
2612:Journal des débats politiques et littéraires
1674:1922: The arms was emblazoned on the bronze
340:
313:
207:
145:
2271:"Bulletin / Société historique du Calaisis"
483:
3862:
3848:
3840:
3743:
3729:
3721:
3481:
3368:
3261:
3190:
2718:
2694:
2680:
2672:
2627:Le Collectionneur de Timbres-Poste Journal
2515:"Alterations in the General Assembly Hall"
1909:Church of Saint Nicholas of the Lorrainers
1671:) at the occasion of king Alfonso's visit.
888:, a simplified version of France Ancient
280:The only national symbol specified in the
218:includes the star and grand collar of the
2607:Bulletin / Société historique du Calaisis
2036:"Les symboles de la République française"
564:and civil merits, established in 1802 by
1701:, this piece was to be installed at the
867:
853:
653:
450:Laurel wreath § As used in heraldry
1983:
1927:
1824:
1621:
1569:
1440:
1256:
647:. The Napoleonic eagle is also used by
613:French kings and emperors had personal
378:. Although it finds its origins in the
2138:, Columbia University Press, 1996–98).
2040:Site de la présidence de la République
1822:in 1981, 1995 and 2017, respectively.
1798:2009: Used to represent France in the
424:to an even greater extent. During the
48:
1718:1933–1942: The arms were depicted on
1560:approved by the government, heraldic
349:
7:
2257:"Le Monde illustré, Miroir du monde"
1703:Commissariat General of the Republic
1651:In 1953, the collar was redesigned.
1121:once more assumed the French crown.
416:(1610–1643), and the imagery of the
2647:Le Populaire de Paris, 26 June 1938
2338:bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr
1690:because of their loyalty to France.
2555:— Collection du Mobilier national
1972:Symbolism in the French Revolution
609:Symbolism in the French Revolution
351:[libɛʁteeɡalitefʁatɛʁnite]
31:. For other national symbols, see
25:
4261:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2652:La Revue Diplomatique, 7 May 1905
2501:"France: Symbols of the Republic"
2416:space-badges.pagesperso-orange.fr
2078:"France: Symbols of the Republic"
1684:Médaille de la Fidélité Française
1619:. It was never formally adopted.
983:of the two realms as a result of
789:inherited Navare from his mother
504:of triumph, which traces back to
52:Unofficial coat of arms of France
1962:Armorial of the Capetian dynasty
1942:
1930:
1900:
1874:
1862:
1843:
1827:
1639:
1627:
1584:
1572:
1488:
1474:
1460:
1446:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1376:
1361:
1334:
1322:
1300:
1285:
1262:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1021:Putative heraldic emblem of the
1014:
1007:
1000:
960:
953:
934:
922:The arms of France Modern. King
915:
896:
868:
861:
854:
815:
808:
801:
770:
763:
756:
705:
698:
691:
386:at the end of the 19th century.
71:
57:
4292:Coats of arms with oak branches
2657:Le Petit Oranais, 21 April 1905
1784:, based on the republican arms.
1738:requested that France submit a
576:, as Grand Master of the order.
420:used references to the ancient
241:design, which came into use by
194:is an unofficial emblem of the
3033:Government of National Defense
2092:"Liberty, Égalité, Fraternité"
1907:The arms (l.) adorning Rome's
1659:A list of notable depictions:
1442:Examples of modern marshalling
1197:From 1831 onward, the arms of
556:, which is the highest French
1:
4297:Coats of arms with the fasces
2942:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
2937:War of the Spanish Succession
2452:. 18 May 2017. Archived from
2012:. 18 May 2017. Archived from
1311:
605:Flag of France § History
552:Star and grand collar of the
3823:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
2311:. 2020-11-28. Archived from
1836:Medal for Fidelity to France
1725:1935: The annual edition of
1676:Medal for Fidelity to France
1231:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1013:
1006:
999:
996:
971:after the conclusion of the
959:
952:
949:
933:
930:
914:
911:
895:
892:
860:
850:
842:, and Navarre passed to the
822:The arms of France Ancient:
814:
807:
800:
797:
769:
762:
755:
752:
743:). With this decision, King
712:The arms of France Ancient:
704:
697:
690:
687:
342:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
336:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
316:LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ
210:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
181:
171:(current version since 1953)
148:LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ
106:; 119 years ago
1713:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
875:The arms of France Modern:
46:Unofficial emblem of France
29:Diplomatic emblem of France
4333:
4317:National symbols of France
3752:National symbols of France
3423:French subdivisions by GDP
3170:2022 presidential election
3155:2017 presidential election
1967:National symbols of France
1754:. In the end, Louis chose
1736:United Nations Secretariat
1066:, featuring an eagle, the
601:Fleur-de-lis § France
594:
534:)—and in poetic meets. In
526:
446:Oak § National symbol
443:
393:
333:
33:National symbols of France
26:
4282:Coats of arms with eagles
3758:
3684:
3484:
3371:
3264:
3193:
2927:Second Hundred Years' War
2769:Liberalism and radicalism
2632:Gil Blas / dir. A. Dumont
2549:— Hubert de Vries website
1530:In 1881 Foreign Minister
1511:In 1881 Foreign Minister
1434:Grand Constable of France
1201:were used, depicting the
1125:
975:. Again the arms of the
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
659:
374:, and is an example of a
257:, such as in the arms of
84:
70:
56:
4287:Coats of arms with lions
3198:Administrative divisions
2543:at Heraldry of the World
2219:; Scott, Robert (1843).
1763:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1258:Examples of emblazonment
943:Order of the Holy Spirit
3871:Coats of arms of Europe
3418:Franc (former currency)
3023:Coup of 2 December 1851
2996:Long nineteenth century
2553:Les Armes de Strasbourg
2222:A Greek-English Lexicon
2134:(abridged translation,
1665:French foreign ministry
1579:de Meyère's 1905 design
973:French Wars of Religion
777:Arms of France Ancient
678:Description and blazon
4312:National coats of arms
3920:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3438:Science and technology
3095:Provisional Government
3064:
3043:
2903:
2065:Constitution of France
1749:Jules-Clément Chaplain
1683:
1591:The arms adorning the
1516:
1496:Coat of arms of Sweden
1482:Coat of arms of Quebec
1468:Coat of arms of Canada
967:The royal arms of the
905:Order of Saint Michael
484:
341:
322:
314:
208:
192:coat of arms of France
146:
18:Coat of Arms of France
2637:La Croix, 7 June 1905
2217:Liddell, Henry George
2173:"The lictor's fasces"
1911:, dedicated to France
1881:The arms depicted on
1778:Order of the Seraphim
1771:presidential standard
1740:national coat of arms
1695:Gustave Louis Jaulmes
1634:Actually used version
1617:Gustave Louis Jaulmes
1510:
1454:Coat of arms of Spain
1249:Crown of Napoleon III
1023:First French Republic
846:through female line.
595:Further information:
444:Further information:
394:Further information:
347:French pronunciation:
334:Further information:
325:Coat of arms: charges
4302:French coats of arms
3243:World Heritage Sites
3160:Coronavirus pandemic
2392:translate.google.com
1885:'s suit at the 1988
1838:, instituted in 1922
1532:Charles de Freycinet
1241:Second French Empire
494:) or cherry laurel (
396:Fasces § France
282:present constitution
4163:States with limited
3381:Automotive industry
3165:2021 labor protests
2922:Peace of Westphalia
2790:History of Normandy
2785:History of Brittany
2175:. 20 November 2012.
1812:François Mitterrand
1769:of the arms in his
1557:Victor Emmanuel III
1329:Tent (15th century)
1293:Bust of Charlemagne
1115:Bourbon Restoration
1084:Bourbon Restoration
1060:First French Empire
649:Swedish royal house
497:Prunus laurocerasus
434:French Constitution
3448:Telecommunications
3150:2015 Paris attacks
3013:Revolution of 1848
2841:Visigothic Kingdom
2547:Heraldry of France
2536:Flags of the World
2517:. 3 February 1956.
2388:"Google Translate"
2376:. 2 December 2021.
2098:on 18 October 2014
2063:Article II of the
2042:. 21 October 2015.
1957:Armorial of France
1883:Jean-Loup Chrétien
1800:Hanseatic Fountain
1517:
1356:'s scabbard (1701)
1164:, the arms of the
977:Kingdom of Navarre
627:designs after the
566:Napoleon Bonaparte
491:Ruscus hypoglossum
176:Earlier version(s)
4269:
4268:
3837:
3836:
3790:Diplomatic emblem
3718:
3717:
3680:
3679:
3471:
3470:
3358:
3357:
3350:Political parties
3286:Foreign relations
3251:
3250:
3180:
3179:
2963:French Revolution
2917:Thirty Years' War
2898:Absolute monarchy
2863:Kingdom of France
2759:Foreign relations
2739:Political history
2592:Le Monde Illustre
2532:Symbols of France
2259:. 13 August 1938.
2232:978-0-19-864226-8
2187:"Oak as a Symbol"
1756:Maurice de Meyère
1728:Le Petit Larousse
1565:Maurice de Meyère
1255:
1254:
1068:Crown of Napoleon
969:Kingdom of France
791:Joan I of Navarre
629:French Revolution
418:French Revolution
410:faisceaux romains
380:French Revolution
188:
187:
16:(Redirected from
4324:
4201:Dependencies and
4137:Northern Ireland
3878:Sovereign states
3864:
3857:
3850:
3841:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3482:
3398:Economic history
3369:
3262:
3191:
3069:
3048:
2947:Seven Years' War
2912:Wars of Religion
2908:
2893:House of Bourbon
2888:Early modern era
2868:Fundamental laws
2744:Military history
2719:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2622:La Petite Presse
2558:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2456:on 22 March 2019
2446:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2273:. February 1914.
2267:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2193:. Archived from
2183:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2136:Realms of Memory
2133:
2130:Places of memory
2126:Lieux de Mémoire
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2016:on 22 March 2019
2006:
2000:
1999:
1994:. Archived from
1988:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1904:
1878:
1866:
1847:
1831:
1761:1975: President
1744:General Assembly
1643:
1631:
1606:Legion of Honour
1593:Foreign Ministry
1588:
1576:
1562:painter-engraver
1492:
1478:
1464:
1450:
1430:
1411:
1392:
1380:
1365:
1338:
1326:
1316:
1313:
1304:
1289:
1266:
1239:The arms of the
1236:
1229:
1222:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1166:House of Orléans
1157:
1150:
1143:
1119:House of Bourbon
1110:
1103:
1096:
1058:The arms of the
1055:
1048:
1041:
1018:
1011:
1004:
964:
957:
938:
919:
900:
872:
865:
858:
819:
812:
805:
774:
767:
760:
709:
702:
695:
654:
625:Napoleonic eagle
615:arms of dominion
554:Legion of Honour
547:External devices
529:
528:
487:
428:, topped by the
376:tripartite motto
353:
348:
344:
319:
251:House of Bourbon
247:High Middle Ages
232:Foreign Ministry
228:painter-engraver
220:Legion of Honour
213:
168:Legion of Honour
151:
114:
112:
107:
75:
61:
49:
21:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4307:French heraldry
4272:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4244:
4202:
4196:
4182:Northern Cyprus
4164:
4158:
4052:North Macedonia
3873:
3868:
3838:
3833:
3754:
3749:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3694:
3676:
3657:Public holidays
3570:
3529:Life expectancy
3467:
3354:
3247:
3176:
3145:Great Recession
3118:Fourth Republic
3113:1900 to present
3101:
3018:Second Republic
2982:
2951:
2874:
2827:
2794:
2773:
2708:
2700:
2617:L'Intransigeant
2556:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2358:"French Medals"
2356:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1887:Aragatz mission
1879:
1870:
1867:
1858:
1848:
1839:
1832:
1820:Emmanuel Macron
1804:Veliky Novgorod
1657:
1647:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1596:
1589:
1580:
1577:
1545:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1451:
1437:
1431:
1422:
1412:
1403:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1357:
1339:
1330:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1267:
1203:Charter of 1830
1089:1814/1815–1830
1034:1804–1814/1815
987:becoming king.
844:house of Evreux
836:house of Valois
783:arms of Navarre
611:
597:French heraldry
593:
588:
583:
549:
506:Greek mythology
463:, and a common
452:
442:
402:
392:
346:
338:
332:
327:
294:
253:in the form of
198:. It depicts a
196:French Republic
170:
162:Star and grand
110:
108:
105:
95:French Republic
80:
47:
44:
37:heraldic charge
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4330:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4256:European Union
4252:
4250:
4249:Other entities
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4203:other entities
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4127:United Kingdom
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:Czech Republic
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3807:Gallic rooster
3804:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3613:Cultural icons
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3433:Stock exchange
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:National parks
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:Climate change
3205:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3130:Fifth Republic
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3038:Third Republic
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2973:First Republic
2970:
2968:Napoleonic era
2965:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Greek colonies
2810:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2527:
2526:External links
2524:
2521:
2520:
2506:
2492:
2478:
2467:
2441:
2427:
2403:
2379:
2363:
2349:
2325:
2300:
2289:agorha.inha.fr
2276:
2262:
2248:
2231:
2208:
2178:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2109:
2083:
2069:
2056:
2045:
2027:
2001:
1998:on 2018-07-05.
1982:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1816:Jacques Chirac
1808:
1807:
1796:
1785:
1774:
1759:
1732:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1691:
1672:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1604:, whereas the
1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1571:
1544:
1541:
1521:Third Republic
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1383:Ceiling (2018)
1382:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1199:Louis-Philippe
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1076:
1075:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
995:
993:First Republic
989:
988:
981:personal union
965:
958:
951:
947:
946:
939:
932:
928:
927:
920:
913:
909:
908:
901:
894:
890:
889:
873:
866:
859:
852:
848:
847:
820:
813:
806:
799:
795:
794:
775:
768:
761:
754:
750:
749:
710:
703:
696:
689:
686:
680:
679:
676:
674:Banner of arms
671:
666:
661:
658:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
558:order of merit
548:
545:
544:
543:
485:Laurus nobilis
476:
441:
438:
426:First Republic
422:Roman Republic
391:
388:
384:Third Republic
368:national motto
331:
328:
326:
323:
293:
290:
288:in Article 2.
286:tricolour flag
226:) by heraldic
224:Third Republic
186:
185:
177:
173:
172:
160:
154:
153:
134:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
102:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
82:
81:
76:
68:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
45:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4329:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
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4280:
4279:
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4262:
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4257:
4254:
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4247:
4241:
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4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:Faroe Islands
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:South Ossetia
4185:
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4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
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4167:
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4155:
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4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Liechtenstein
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
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3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
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3853:
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3827:
3825:
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3808:
3805:
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3798:
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3517:
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3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Birth control
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
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3404:
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3307:
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3302:
3299:
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3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:Constitutions
3267:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
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3171:
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3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
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3119:
3116:
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3111:
3110:
3108:
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3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3066:Années folles
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Second Empire
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:July Monarchy
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
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2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:Ancien Régime
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2866:
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2861:
2859:
2856:
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2847:
2844:
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2824:
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2801:
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2711:
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2697:
2692:
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2648:
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2640:
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2625:
2623:
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2608:
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2600:
2598:
2595:
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2565:
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2537:
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2529:
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2479:
2476:
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2468:
2455:
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2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2315:on 2020-11-28
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2197:on 5 May 2013
2196:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1895:space station
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
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1772:
1768:
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1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
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1700:
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1654:
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1642:
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1622:
1620:
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1614:
1609:
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1594:
1587:
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1568:
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1554:
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1542:
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1533:
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1526:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
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1477:
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1469:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1310:and banners (
1309:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1212:
1211:Second Empire
1209:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:July Monarchy
1159:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1131:July Monarchy
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1003:
994:
991:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
956:
948:
944:
940:
937:
929:
925:
921:
918:
910:
906:
902:
899:
891:
887:
886:
883:
882:fleurs-de-lis
879:
874:
871:
864:
857:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
829:
826:
821:
818:
811:
804:
796:
792:
788:
785:, after king
784:
780:
776:
773:
766:
759:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
723:
722:
719:
716:
711:
708:
701:
694:
685:
681:
675:
670:
665:
656:
655:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
585:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
523:
521:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:
493:
492:
486:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:national tree
458:
454:
453:
451:
447:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
401:
397:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
343:
337:
329:
324:
321:
318:
317:
311:
307:
301:
299:
291:
289:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
271:Île-de-France
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:fleurs-de-lis
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
211:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
183:
178:
174:
169:
165:
161:
159:
155:
150:
149:
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
69:
64:
60:
55:
50:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
4192:Transnistria
4154:Vatican City
3959:
3821:
3768:Fleur-de-lis
3763:Coat of arms
3762:
3599:Coat of arms
3598:
3589:Architecture
3561:Social class
3519:Homelessness
3504:Demographics
3458:Trade unions
3391:Central bank
3333:criminal law
3296:Human rights
3279:presidential
3123:Algerian War
3106:Contemporary
3080:Vichy France
3075:World War II
3045:Belle Époque
2978:First Empire
2880:Early Modern
2851:West Francia
2587:Example 1955
2509:
2495:
2489:. July 1954.
2481:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2444:
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2415:
2406:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2372:
2366:
2352:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:
2328:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:the original
2309:"FranFrance"
2303:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2265:
2251:
2243:
2236:. Retrieved
2221:
2211:
2201:26 September
2199:. Retrieved
2195:the original
2191:Venables Oak
2190:
2181:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2122:Nora, Pierre
2112:
2102:18 September
2100:. Retrieved
2096:the original
2086:
2072:
2067: (1958)
2059:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:the original
2004:
1996:the original
1992:"FranFrance"
1986:
1890:
1809:
1799:
1781:
1765:adopted the
1726:
1705:in the city.
1702:
1669:Quai d'Orsay
1658:
1650:
1610:
1599:
1549:Alfonso XIII
1546:
1529:
1525:Phrygian cap
1518:
1513:de Freycinet
1245:Napoleon III
1117:, the royal
1030:First Empire
876:
838:through the
823:
730:
713:
688:Before 1305
664:Coat of arms
633:fleur-de-lis
620:fleur-de-lis
618:
612:
517:
495:
489:
459:is France's
430:Phrygian cap
409:
403:
339:
303:
295:
279:
243:French kings
236:
191:
189:
180:
41:Fleur-de-lis
4230:Isle of Man
4165:recognition
4112:Switzerland
4047:Netherlands
3817:Joan of Arc
3709:WikiProject
3524:Immigration
3514:Health care
3376:Agriculture
3328:enforcement
3085:Free France
3054:World War I
3001:Restoration
2988:Late Modern
2858:Middle Ages
2833:Middle Ages
2818:Celtic Gaul
2557:(in French)
2460:25 February
2412:"badgemain"
2238:13 February
2118:Ozouf, Mona
2020:25 February
1851:Escutcheons
1722:' uniforms.
1688:World War I
1436:'s scabbard
1315: 1455
1168:were used.
1160:During the
1072:Childeric I
828:semé-de-lis
718:semé-de-lis
669:Achievement
660:Dates used
570:achievement
530:), (sc. at
500:). It is a
255:marshalling
245:during the
216:achievement
214:. The full
78:Achievement
4276:Categories
4082:San Marino
4042:Montenegro
4022:Luxembourg
4002:Kazakhstan
3905:Azerbaijan
3812:Great Seal
3652:Philosophy
3637:Literature
3549:secularism
3345:Parliament
3140:2005 riots
3090:Liberation
2956:Revolution
2823:Roman Gaul
2808:Prehistory
2764:Journalism
2602:La Liberté
2597:L'Humanité
2421:2021-09-08
2397:2021-09-08
2343:2021-09-08
2319:2021-09-08
2294:2021-09-08
1978:References
1734:1953: The
1699:Strasbourg
1613:Strasbourg
1553:Edward VII
1421:(imperial)
1350:upholstery
1215:1852–1870
1173:1831–1848
1136:1830–1831
1113:After the
1064:Napoleon I
997:1791–1804
950:1589–1792
931:1578–1589
912:1515–1578
893:1469–1515
851:1376–1469
798:1328–1376
779:dimidiated
753:1305–1328
586:Background
480:bay laurel
414:Louis XIII
366:", is the
364:fraternity
35:. For the
4220:Gibraltar
4017:Lithuania
3509:Education
3463:Transport
3313:Judiciary
3274:Elections
3228:Mountains
3186:Geography
2932:Louis XIV
2722:Overviews
1806:, Russia.
1537:Émile Bin
1369:Baldachin
1308:Caparison
1270:Baldachin
924:Francis I
840:Salic law
793:in 1305.
781:with the
745:Charles V
641:Québécois
574:President
473:endurance
304:Azure, a
298:blazoning
136:Azure, a
4240:Svalbard
4225:Guernsey
4172:Abkhazia
4142:Scotland
4097:Slovenia
4092:Slovakia
4067:Portugal
3925:Bulgaria
3829:Marianne
3778:Armorial
3699:Category
3632:Language
3544:Religion
3489:Abortion
3443:Taxation
3340:Military
3301:Intersex
3291:Politics
3257:Politics
3059:Interwar
2754:Economic
2749:Language
2734:Timeline
2244:κότι^νος
1949:Heraldry
1917:See also
1720:prefects
985:Henry IV
880:, three
637:Acadians
562:military
514:Olympics
469:strength
440:Branches
360:equality
158:Order(s)
66:Versions
4132:England
4122:Ukraine
4072:Romania
4032:Moldova
3990:Ireland
3985:Iceland
3980:Hungary
3970:Germany
3965:Georgia
3955:Finland
3950:Estonia
3945:Denmark
3930:Croatia
3915:Belgium
3910:Belarus
3900:Austria
3895:Armenia
3890:Andorra
3885:Albania
3785:Cockade
3690:Outline
3672:Theatre
3667:Symbols
3627:Gardens
3617:Fashion
3609:Cuisine
3576:Culture
3566:Welfare
3539:Poverty
3477:Society
3453:Tourism
3413:Exports
3386:Banking
3364:Economy
3323:history
3218:Islands
3213:Borders
2846:Francia
2800:Ancient
2778:Regions
2729:History
2714:History
2582:Example
2577:Example
2124:(ed.),
1923:Portals
1889:to the
1853:in the
1602:console
1595:in 1905
1415:Marshal
1402:(royal)
1396:Marshal
1354:Joyeuse
1342:Cushion
1278:mantles
1274:banners
1127:Kingdom
1080:Kingdom
787:Louis X
737:ancient
684:Kingdom
657:Period
581:History
540:triumph
532:Olympia
527:κότινος
520:kotinos
356:liberty
292:Devices
284:is the
182:history
166:of the
109: (
101:Adopted
90:Armiger
4235:Jersey
4177:Kosovo
4117:Turkey
4107:Sweden
4087:Serbia
4077:Russia
4062:Poland
4057:Norway
4037:Monaco
4007:Latvia
3975:Greece
3960:France
3935:Cyprus
3800:ensign
3773:Fasces
3704:Portal
3604:Cinema
3584:Anthem
3556:Racism
3534:People
3428:Mining
3403:Energy
3238:Rivers
3203:Cities
3135:May 68
2706:topics
2703:France
2541:France
2229:
1937:France
1767:charge
1752:design
1680:French
1371:(2010)
1346:mantle
1295:(1349)
1280:(1223)
741:modern
727:Clovis
645:Cajuns
631:. The
607:, and
510:Apollo
502:symbol
465:symbol
448:, and
405:Fasces
398:, and
390:Fasces
372:France
310:fasces
306:lictor
267:Canada
265:, and
263:Quebec
204:fasces
200:lictor
164:collar
142:fasces
138:lictor
132:Shield
125:Wreath
4210:Åland
4147:Wales
4102:Spain
4027:Malta
3997:Italy
3662:Sport
3647:Music
3642:Media
3499:Crime
3223:Lakes
2128:[
1655:Usage
1547:King
1419:baton
1400:baton
878:Azure
825:Azure
715:Azure
330:Motto
259:Spain
120:Crest
3795:Flag
3622:Flag
3408:Euro
3306:LGBT
2462:2019
2240:2019
2227:ISBN
2203:2012
2104:2014
2022:2019
1855:UNGA
1818:and
1793:1988
1791:and
1789:1982
1667:(37
1555:and
1352:and
1276:and
732:semé
560:for
536:Rome
471:and
455:The
300:is:
296:The
190:The
179:See
111:1905
104:1905
3594:Art
3318:Law
2534:at
1892:Mir
1802:in
1615:to
1417:'s
1398:'s
1243:of
1062:of
643:or
467:of
457:oak
370:of
354:; "
308:'s
277:).
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1312:c.
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885:or
831:or
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639:,
603:,
599:,
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478:A
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362:,
358:,
261:,
3863:e
3856:t
3849:v
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2681:v
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2438:.
2424:.
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2360:.
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2322:.
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2205:.
2106:.
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2024:.
1925::
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