1002:
884:
522:
811:
716:
1014:
673:
657:
986:
840:
856:
1026:
1038:
763:
787:
775:
1050:
915:
970:
701:
872:
570:
606:
586:
954:
685:
641:
1066:
896:
554:
930:
73:
732:
78:
1721:
747:
538:
112:
621:
41:
883:
237:
public buildings, and various other objects (princely sealing rings, battle or parade swords, etc.), while the dynastic coat of arms was also used on coins, but especially in circumstances related more to the particular life of the
Moldavian voivodes (on church or monastery inscriptions, tombstones, bells, manuscripts, or personal belongings of the prince and members of his family).
1001:
201:'s head with a star between its horns. The aurochs's head is flanked to the right by a sun and to the left by a new moon. There is not known when and under what circumstances did this representation appear as a symbol of the country, but scholars consider that the emblem existed before the foundation of the independent Moldavian feudal state by
1273:
823:
236:
The
Moldavian state coat of arms (aurochs's head) differs from the Moldavian dynastic coat of arms (both with the initial elements and with its elements of various origins, some of them added over time to the shield). The state coat of arms was used on the great princely seal, coins, flags, some
786:
1049:
274:
of unspecified colour. According to a well-known historical source, the princely flag of
Stephen the Great worn during a ceremony in 1485 was described as the "great flag of red silk, beautifully reproducing in gold the coat of arms of the Land of Moldavia"
521:
209:(1375 - 1391). Traian Bița however observes that the legend (the text running around the perimeter) on the coins suggests the aurochs's head was originally the arms of the ruling dynasty, becoming the state's arms only during the rule of
810:
684:
1319:: "There are known the pavilions of the Moldavian river fleet with "the national arms ... and the flag half red - half blue", as well as the lance pennons for the Moldavian cavalry - bicolor without coat of arms (1835)."
585:
2225:
839:
2251:
929:
1025:
1037:
672:
1013:
969:
715:
656:
895:
774:
985:
1348:"Despre steagul lui Ştefan cel Mare purtat în ziua de 12 septembrie 1485 la Colomeea în cadrul ceremoniei de depunere a omagiului de vasalitate faţă de regele Poloniei Cazimir IV Jagiełło"
605:
855:
762:
746:
731:
569:
640:
407:
awarded
Moldavia a red over blue pennant to be used by its military, and Wallachia a yellow over blue one; Moldavia's pennant was similar to the version given recognition by
1378:
1350:[Regarding the flag of Stephen the Great displayed on 12 September 1485 at Colomeea as a part of the homage ceremony to the King of Poland Casimir IV Jagiełło]
700:
1065:
914:
2266:
871:
1567:"The Feudal Ceremony of Colomeea/Kołomyja (September 12th 1485). Notes on the Moldavian Heraldry and Vexillology during the Reign of Prince Stephen the Great"
620:
465:
1705:
1660:
953:
2296:
2256:
1710:
160:
Modern reconstruction of the
Moldavian coat of arms (attested versions of the field tincture and number and general aspects of symbols other than the
2261:
2241:
240:
Traditionally, two insignia have persisted constantly on the
Moldavian flags: the head of the aurochs, as the symbol of the Moldavian state, and
72:
553:
197:
The recognised emblem belonging to the land of
Moldavia, and perpetuated over the centuries as the official sign of the country, is the ancient
1492:
2089:
1750:
1481:
1412:
1367:
537:
2139:
360:
sinister. In time reduced to the simple depiction of an aurochs's head on escutcheon, it was featured alongside the arms of
Wallachia and
2246:
2009:
944:
1755:
88:
Modern reconstruction of a
Moldavian princely standard (attested versions of the number and general aspects of symbols other than the
1055:
The naval flag of
Moldavia after an engraving from 1849. According to contemporary sources this color arrangement was used for lance
2341:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2189:
2064:
1463:
290:
control, a process which was accelerated during the 16th century, saw a decline in flag usage; as princes became appointees of the
2331:
2301:
2179:
2164:
2154:
205:, in 1359. The oldest remaining representations of the coat of arms of Moldavia are the seals and coins dating from the reign of
77:
2306:
2124:
1745:
1695:
1653:
395:(yellow) display was replaced, towards the beginning of the 19th century, by variations on a red-blue theme. As such, when the
2114:
489:
in 1859; the arms of Moldavia are nowadays represented in the coat of arms of Romania, as well as in that of the short-lived
229:. Over the centuries, the image of the aurochs's head had undergone a constant evolution, being occasionally replaced by the
1798:
1544:[The Heraldic Flags of Stephen the Great. Certainties and Hypothesis in the Light of Newer and Older Information].
2336:
2084:
1823:
1347:
490:
2194:
2184:
2069:
1608:
1302:
1123:
2144:
1735:
2079:
1943:
1928:
1898:
1893:
1873:
1848:
1838:
1284:
396:
2134:
2034:
2029:
1878:
1868:
1828:
1803:
1968:
1938:
1918:
1863:
1843:
1542:"Steagurile heraldice ale lui Ştefan cel Mare. Certitudini şi ipoteze în lumina informaţiilor mai vechi sau mai noi"
2129:
2094:
2004:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1858:
1813:
1808:
1646:
822:
125:
1948:
1933:
1923:
1908:
1903:
1888:
1818:
1793:
1788:
1783:
694:(showing the arms of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, as well as the stylised figures of Michael and his son)
2149:
2099:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2024:
1990:
1985:
1883:
1853:
1833:
1778:
1773:
1423:
461:
1913:
2169:
1700:
2209:
2059:
2019:
627:
2174:
2109:
2104:
2074:
1685:
1090:
1085:
576:
486:
453:
249:
178:
2204:
2199:
2119:
2054:
797:
214:
464:, in the war flag's pattern. In 1858, the aurochs became the central theme of the most valuable stamp in
2159:
321:
317:
233:'s head, so that by the middle of the 19th century, the image of the wisent came to be used more often.
59:
663:
277:
Banderium quoque magnum sericeum coloris rubri, in quo arma Terrae Moldaviae pulchre auro depicta erant
2014:
544:
528:
424:
206:
202:
1994:
1765:
901:
The drawing of the coat of arms after the passport of a citizen of the Moldavian principality. 1855
846:
560:
482:
377:
280:
261:
226:
218:
2277:
1613:
976:
1720:
1407:]. Historia est Magistra Vitae: Valori, paradigme, personalităţi. Chișinău. pp. 84–92.
889:
The image of the coat of arms on the passport of a citizen of the Moldavian principality. 1855
2311:
1669:
1578:
1553:
1508:
1477:
1408:
1363:
992:
960:
940:
691:
647:
445:
365:
352:
346:
210:
152:
132:
48:
2346:
1435:
457:
381:
368:'s seal, as well as only alongside Wallachia's on various symbols favored by rulers such as
312:
245:
144:
1619:
1381:[The standard of Stephen the Great from Mount Athos, the oldest flag of Moldavia].
1690:
1100:
1095:
612:
502:
408:
336:
291:
270:
111:
592:
1332:"Album des pavillons, guidons, flammes de toutes les puissances maritimes" — Paris, 1858
17:
1541:
921:
862:
722:
707:
429:
330:
287:
257:
253:
2290:
1379:"Stindardul lui Ștefan cel Mare de la Muntele Athos, cel mai vechi steag al Moldovei"
148:
1071:
441:
437:
361:
304:
241:
222:
1596:
753:
1448:
1398:
1602:
1439:
829:
793:
737:
470:
456:
was to include the color yellow, already present in the pan-Romanian horizontal
400:
373:
369:
213:. Consequently, the original state arms of Moldavia was a split shield, with a
40:
498:
449:
64:
1582:
1557:
1521:
1512:
1426:[When did the aurochs's head become the coat of arms of Moldavia?].
1297:
1031:
The banner of the infantry regiment of the Moldavian army. 1834 (front side)
801:
477:
The aurochs head (dexter) and Wallachia's eagle (sinister) were included as
404:
182:
1119:
1043:
The banner of the infantry regiment of the Moldavian army. 1834 (downside)
1978:
1495:[The national tricolor. Introduction to vexicological symbolism]
816:
Coat of arms of Volosh Voivodeship (Moldavian Principality). 19th century
433:
416:
173:
68:
252:(late 15th century), displaying an enthroned Saint George set against a
1677:
1056:
936:
631:
596:
494:
296:
198:
186:
161:
141:
119:
89:
1285:
Marine. Gravure sur acier, gravée par G. Feldweg d'après G. Heck. 1849
740:'s tombstone with the coats of arms of Wallachia and Moldavia (detail)
478:
308:
268:
shows Moldavian troops carrying a pennant with the aurochs's head on
230:
1638:
1566:
1630:
756:
princely family, featuring Moldavia's coat of arms and colour theme
376:(in the latter case, it was more often than not accompanied by the
283:
are attested to have carried a blue banner with the aurochs head.
189:
state, were subject to numerous changes throughout their history.
137:
1552:(1). Centrul de cercetare şi documentare Ştefan cel Mare: 71–92.
244:, as the ecclesiastical heraldic symbol of Moldavia. A princely
1642:
1493:"Tricolorul naţional. Introducere în simbolistica vexicologică"
611:
Coat of arms of Moldavia in 1481, carved on the walls of the
1133:
1131:
678:
Coat of Arms of Moldavia from Großes Wappenbuch. Circa 1586
1019:
Civil ensign of the Principality of Moldavia in 1834–1861
1476:. Chișinău: Biblioteca Națională a Republicii Moldova.
1457:]. București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică.
1501:
Akademos - Revistă de Știință,Inovare, Cultură și Artă
1405:
Coat of Arms of Moldavia: aurochs head or wisent head?
1232:
1230:
591:
Outline of an image on stove remains excavated at the
279:"). In 1574, Moldavian delegates to the coronation of
780:
Coat of arms of Moldavia from "Stemmatographia". 1702
1400:
Stema Țării Moldovei: cap de bour sau cap de zimbru?
1007:
Banner of the Moldavian cavalry of the 17th century.
800:. It shows the coats of arms of Moldavia (left) and
2234:
2218:
1977:
1764:
1728:
1676:
497:(having previously featured in the coat of arms of
131:
118:
104:
84:
58:
1565:Tiron, Tudor-Radu; Lefter, Lucian-Valeriu (2014).
1074:of the Moldavian port militia as described in 1858
768:Coat of arms of the Principality of Moldavia. 1643
975:Flag of the Moldavian principality, described by
1434:. București: Editura Academiei Române: 187–202.
1424:"Când a devenit capul de bour stemă a Moldovei?"
943:. The original flag is in the collection of the
626:Moldavian coat-of-arms, carved on the walls of
1654:
1328:Drawing according to the description in book
1260:
845:Coat of arms of Moldavia during the times of
646:Drawing of the coat of arms with the seal of
8:
1507:(17). Academia de Științe a Moldovei: 3–14.
1274:File:Прінціпатꙋл Молдовеі. Пасапорт. COA.jpg
1209:
1173:
1137:
399:allowed Wallachia and Moldavia a measure of
248:was first attested under the rule of Prince
29:
1248:
334:sinister (interpreted as being alternating
1661:
1647:
1639:
300:as a mark of authority became widespread.
1316:
1221:
2242:Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia
1272:The original image of the coat of arms:
877:CoA from Flag of the Moldavian Army 1849
2226:Ministry of Administration and Interior
1524:["... And what's the crime?"].
1236:
1161:
1112:
910:
517:
101:
28:
2252:Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
1298:"Principality of Moldavia, 1834-1863"
1197:
706:Coat of arms of the Moldavian prince
7:
1450:Știința și arta heraldică în România
1185:
1149:
1455:Heraldic science and art in Romania
945:National Museum of Romanian History
796:(1723) printed during the reign of
25:
2297:Coats of arms of former countries
1470:Romanian rulers and coats of arms
256:background. The depiction of the
185:, which formed the basis for the
1719:
1631:Coat of arms of the Ghika family
1624:on the Romanian Presidency site
1064:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
1000:
984:
968:
952:
928:
913:
894:
882:
870:
854:
838:
821:
809:
785:
773:
761:
745:
730:
714:
699:
683:
671:
655:
639:
619:
604:
584:
568:
552:
536:
520:
432:, the pennant was replaced by a
419:(the latter was blue over red).
110:
76:
71:
39:
1604:Wallachia and Moldavia, 1859–61
1571:Cercetări Istorice (Serie nouă)
1330:Alexandre Le Gras, M.A. le Gras
547:(Voivode of Moldavia 1375–1391)
350:dexter (closely resembling the
311:), the aurochs was initially a
1346:Andrieș-Tabac, Silviu (2018).
991:Moldavian Banner under Prince
1:
662:Coat of arms from the Polish
491:Moldavian Democratic Republic
1465:Domnitori și steme românești
481:on the tricolour adopted by
444:with a blue field and a red
1440:10.11588/amold.1997.0.32263
2363:
1540:Tiron, Tudor-Radu (2012).
1526:vladmischevca.blogspot.com
1462:Cosovan, Veronica (2018).
1447:Cernovodeanu, Dan (1977).
2275:
1717:
1377:Bălescu, Valeria (2020).
575:Personal coat of arms of
356:in usual renditions) and
172:flag and coat of arms of
159:
155:/or, five pointed star or
109:
96:
47:
38:
34:
2342:Flags displaying animals
2327:Coats of arms with stars
2322:Coats of arms with moons
2317:Coats of arms with bison
1615:Coat of arms of Moldavia
1598:Principality of Moldavia
1520:Mischevca, Vlad (2012).
1491:Mischevca, Vlad (2010).
1296:Fabretto, Mario (1996).
1120:Principality of Moldavia
1059:by the Moldavian cavalry
959:Moldavian banner at the
599:coat of arms of Moldavia
105:Coat of arms of Moldavia
18:Coat of arms of Moldavia
2332:Coats of arms with suns
2302:Obsolete national flags
1686:Coat of arms of Romania
1522:""...Şi care-i crima?""
1249:Tiron & Lefter 2014
1091:Coat of arms of Romania
1086:Coat of arms of Moldova
577:Alexander I of Moldavia
487:Danubian Principalities
485:after the union of the
466:Romanian postal history
454:Grigore Alexandru Ghica
179:Danubian Principalities
2307:Romanian coats of arms
920:Moldavian flag in the
798:Nicholas Mavrocordatos
752:Elaborate arms of the
595:Fortress, showing the
324:, charged with either
286:Moldavia's fall under
52:
2090:Drobeta-Turnu Severin
1422:Bița, Traian (1997).
448:standing for Ottoman
151:, rose, and crescent
2337:Red and yellow flags
2262:Romanian Gendarmerie
1729:Historical provinces
1696:History of the flags
1397:Bercu, Igor (2019).
721:Coat of arms of the
664:Statute of Jan Laski
529:Petru II of Moldavia
462:1848 revolutionaries
397:Treaty of Adrianople
1428:Arheologia Moldovei
1362:. Chișinău: 21–74.
1356:Heraldica Moldaviae
847:Alexander Mourouzis
561:Roman I of Moldavia
483:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
378:double-headed eagle
281:Henry III of Poland
262:Johannes de Thurocz
217:of six or seven on
31:
2278:History of Romania
2235:Other institutions
1609:Flags of the World
1303:Flags of the World
1261:Andrieș-Tabac 2018
1124:Flags of the World
977:Alexander Guagnini
792:Page No. 2 of the
628:Cetățuia Monastery
315:over a helmet and
164:vary considerably)
126:Prince of Moldavia
92:vary considerably)
2284:
2283:
2267:National Archives
1998:
1736:Banat and Oltenia
1670:Romanian heraldry
1483:978-9975-3205-4-2
1414:978-9975-3331-2-2
1369:978-9975-87-450-2
1210:Cernovodeanu 1977
1174:Cernovodeanu 1977
1138:Cernovodeanu 1977
961:Battle of Obertyn
941:Stephen the Great
692:Michael the Brave
648:Stephen the Great
366:Michael the Brave
353:Cross of Lorraine
347:Patriarchal cross
294:, the usage of a
250:Stephen the Great
221:and two to seven
211:Stephen the Great
177:, one of the two
168:
167:
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
2354:
1983:
1746:Northern Dobruja
1723:
1706:Socialist emblem
1663:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1586:
1561:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1516:
1498:
1487:
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1458:
1443:
1418:
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1373:
1353:
1333:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1307:
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1264:
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1240:
1234:
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1219:
1213:
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1195:
1189:
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1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1068:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1004:
988:
972:
956:
932:
917:
898:
886:
874:
861:Coat of arms of
858:
842:
825:
813:
789:
777:
765:
749:
734:
718:
703:
687:
675:
659:
643:
623:
608:
588:
572:
556:
540:
524:
493:and present-day
307:(either seal or
181:, together with
114:
102:
80:
75:
43:
32:
30:Flag of Moldavia
21:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2355:
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2351:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2271:
2247:Romanian Police
2230:
2214:
2155:Sfântu Gheorghe
1989:
1982:
1973:
1799:Bistrița Năsăud
1760:
1724:
1715:
1691:Flag of Romania
1672:
1667:
1633:
1625:
1593:
1577:. Iași: 57–78.
1564:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1461:
1446:
1421:
1415:
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1385:
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1336:
1327:
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1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1129:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1101:Flag of Romania
1096:Flag of Moldova
1082:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1044:
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1029:
1020:
1017:
1008:
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613:Putna Monastery
609:
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589:
580:
573:
564:
557:
548:
541:
532:
525:
516:
511:
460:favored by the
425:Organic Statute
409:Austria-Hungary
195:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2140:Râmnicu Vâlcea
2137:
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2127:
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2117:
2115:Miercurea-Ciuc
2112:
2107:
2102:
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2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1986:Municipalities
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
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1711:Socialist flag
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1591:External links
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1546:Analele Putnei
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1222:Mischevca 2010
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922:Battle of Baia
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430:Mihail Sturdza
387:The prevalent
318:party per pale
288:Ottoman Empire
258:Battle of Baia
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1701:List of flags
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1626:(in Romanian)
1623:
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1621:Romanian flag
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1262:
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1250:
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1223:
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1200:, p. 90.
1199:
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1175:
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1164:, p. 10.
1163:
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1139:
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979:. Around 1574
978:
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865:. After 1834
864:
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391:(or red) and
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27:
19:
2125:Piatra Neamț
1751:Transylvania
1740:
1620:
1614:
1603:
1597:
1574:
1570:
1549:
1545:
1529:. Retrieved
1525:
1504:
1500:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1449:
1431:
1427:
1404:
1399:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1359:
1355:
1329:
1324:
1312:
1301:
1291:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1237:Bălescu 2020
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1162:Cosovan 2018
1157:
1152:, p. 1.
1145:
1115:
849:, 1806–1807.
828:
593:Piatra Neamț
514:Coat of arms
476:
469:
442:civil ensign
438:naval ensign
423:
421:
413:Landesfarben
412:
392:
388:
386:
384:tradition).
372:and several
362:Transylvania
358:fleur-de-lis
357:
351:
345:
341:
335:
329:
326:fleur-de-lis
325:
316:
305:coat of arms
302:
295:
285:
276:
269:
265:
242:Saint George
239:
235:
223:fleur-de-lis
196:
171:
169:
26:
2190:Târgu Mureș
2080:Cluj-Napoca
1634:(in French)
1383:historia.ro
830:Cap de Bour
794:Gospel Book
738:Radu Mihnea
579:(1400–1432)
545:Petru Muşat
501:within the
471:Cap de Bour
422:During the
401:sovereignty
374:Phanariotes
370:Radu Mihnea
328:dexter and
207:Petru Mușat
53:Cap de bour
2291:Categories
2219:Ministries
2180:Târgoviște
2010:Alexandria
2005:Alba Iulia
1198:Bercu 2019
1107:References
499:Bessarabia
450:suzerainty
322:escutcheon
260:(1476) in
2195:Timișoara
2185:Târgu Jiu
2150:Satu Mare
2070:Constanţa
2050:Bucharest
2025:Baia Mare
1944:Teleorman
1929:Satu Mare
1899:Mehedinți
1894:Maramureș
1874:Hunedoara
1849:Dâmbovița
1839:Constanța
1756:Wallachia
1583:1453-3960
1558:1841-625X
1513:1857-0461
1186:Bița 1997
1150:Bița 1997
802:Wallachia
754:Movilești
543:Coins of
458:tricolour
405:Mahmud II
403:, Sultan
382:Byzantine
344:) or the
266:Chronicle
183:Wallachia
2312:Moldavia
2170:Slobozia
2135:Ploiești
2065:Călărași
2035:Botoșani
2030:Bistrița
1995:communes
1981:Capitals
1879:Ialomița
1869:Harghita
1829:Călărași
1804:Botoșani
1766:Counties
1741:Moldavia
1678:National
1080:See also
1072:The flag
804:(right).
690:Seal of
559:Seal of
527:Seal of
434:war flag
428:rule of
417:Bukovina
246:standard
227:sinister
203:Bogdan I
187:Romanian
174:Moldavia
69:war flag
49:Romanian
2347:Aurochs
2175:Suceava
2165:Slatina
2130:Pitești
2105:Giurgiu
2095:Focșani
2075:Craiova
1969:Vrancea
1939:Suceava
1919:Prahova
1864:Giurgiu
1844:Covasna
1340:Sources
1057:pennons
995:. 1601
937:khorugv
597:aurochs
509:Gallery
495:Moldova
479:emblems
411:as the
303:In the
297:sandjak
292:sultans
199:aurochs
193:History
162:aurochs
142:aurochs
120:Armiger
90:aurochs
2205:Vaslui
2200:Tulcea
2145:Reșița
2120:Oradea
2100:Galați
2055:Buftea
2045:Brăila
2040:Brașov
1991:cities
1979:County
1964:Vâlcea
1959:Vaslui
1954:Tulcea
1859:Galați
1814:Brăila
1809:Brașov
1581:
1575:XXXIII
1556:
1531:7 June
1511:
1480:
1472:]
1411:
1388:30 May
1366:
963:. 1531
833:stamp.
666:. 1506
650:. 1457
563:. 1392
531:. 1387
468:, the
446:canton
440:and a
309:blazon
254:cherry
231:wisent
219:dexter
153:argent
133:Shield
85:Design
2210:Zalău
2160:Sibiu
2060:Buzău
2020:Bacău
1949:Timiș
1934:Sibiu
1924:Sălaj
1909:Neamț
1904:Mureș
1889:Ilfov
1819:Buzău
1794:Bihor
1789:Bacău
1784:Argeș
1497:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
1468:[
1453:[
1403:[
1352:(PDF)
389:gules
313:crest
271:pales
215:barry
145:sable
138:Gules
65:State
2110:Iași
2085:Deva
2015:Arad
1884:Iași
1854:Dolj
1834:Cluj
1779:Arad
1774:Alba
1618:and
1601:and
1579:ISSN
1554:ISSN
1550:VIII
1533:2021
1509:ISSN
1478:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1390:2021
1364:ISBN
935:The
907:Flag
632:Iași
340:and
337:vert
331:bars
170:The
124:The
67:and
1914:Olt
1607:at
1436:doi
1122:at
939:of
630:in
505:).
415:of
380:of
364:on
264:'s
225:on
60:Use
2293::
1993:,
1573:.
1569:.
1548:.
1503:.
1499:.
1432:XX
1430:.
1358:.
1354:.
1300:.
1229:^
1130:^
474:.
452:.
393:or
342:or
275:("
149:or
140:,
51::
1997:)
1988:,
1984:(
1662:e
1655:t
1648:v
1585:.
1560:.
1535:.
1515:.
1505:2
1486:.
1442:.
1438::
1417:.
1392:.
1372:.
1360:I
1306:.
1239:.
1188:.
947:.
725:.
634:.
436:/
147:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
