220:
20:
206:
194:
in the 1930s was found to originate in nutritional deficiencies of trace elements cobalt and copper. The cobalt deficiency was overcome by the development of "cobalt bullets", dense pellets of cobalt oxide mixed with clay given orally for lodging in the animal's
115:
catalyzes rearrangements in which a hydrogen atom is directly transferred between two adjacent atoms with concomitant exchange of the second substituent, X, which may be a carbon atom with substituents, an oxygen atom of an alcohol, or an amine.
181:
of New
Zealand, cattle suffered from what was termed "bush sickness". It was discovered that the volcanic soils lacked the cobalt salts essential for the cattle food chain. The "coast disease" of sheep in the
1003:
418:
Smith, David M.; Golding, Bernard T.; Radom, Leo (1999). "Understanding the
Mechanism of B12-Dependent Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase: Partial Proton Transfer in Action".
177:
needs via synthesis by resident bacteria in the rumen, there is a function for inorganic cobalt. In the early 20th century, during the development of farming on the
588:
350:
Schwarz, F. J.; Kirchgessner, M.; Stangl, G. I. (2000). "Cobalt requirement of beef cattle – feed intake and growth at different levels of cobalt supply".
219:
519:
322:
302:
261:
480:
244:
Yamada, Kazuhiro (2013). "Chapter 9. Cobalt: Its Role in Health and
Disease". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.).
394:
779:
117:
285:
Cracan, Valentin; Banerjee, Ruma (2013). "Chapter 10 Cobalt and
Corrinoid Transport and Biochemistry". In Banci, Lucia (ed.).
674:
952:
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70:
animals, and an uptake of 0.20 mg/kg a day is recommended because they have no other source of vitamin B
548:
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143:, an enzyme that occurs in humans and other mammals that does not use the corrin ring of B
101:
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Australian
Academy of Science > Deceased Fellows > Hedley Ralph Marston 1900–1965
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66:. A minimal presence of cobalt in soils therefore markedly improves the health of
19:
294:
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features a reactive C-Co bond that participates in the reactions. In humans, B
404:
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916:
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717:
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289:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 12. Springer. pp. 333–374.
248:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 13. Springer. pp. 295–320.
55:
51:
135:(e.g. those of zinc and iron), other cobaltoproteins are known besides B
128:, an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats.
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67:
63:
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173:
meets all needs for cobalt. For cattle and sheep, which meet vitamin B
733:
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684:
140:
93:
90:
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35:
31:
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18:
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Kobayashi, Michihiko; Shimizu, Sakayu (1999). "Cobalt proteins".
147:, but binds cobalt directly. Another non-corrin cobalt enzyme is
570:
246:
Interrelations between
Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases
514:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 525.
553:
Journal of the
Department of Agriculture, Western Australia
27:. A cobalt atom is visible in the center in this diagram.
62:, a compound which can only be produced by bacteria or
169:
In humans, consumption of cobalt-containing vitamin B
945:
808:
745:
683:
602:
46:, the primary biological reservoir of cobalt as an
378:
352:Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
1004:Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements
582:
8:
549:"Cobalt: its use to control wasting disease"
111:) group transfers. The adenosyl version of B
58:animals convert cobalt salts into vitamin B
589:
575:
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503:
501:
385:. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. p.
151:, an enzyme in bacteria that metabolizes
420:Journal of the American Chemical Society
236:
201:
511:Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition
377:Voet, Judith G.; Voet, Donald (1995).
34:is essential to the metabolism of all
7:
483:. Waikato University. Archived from
131:Although far less common than other
687: (Core six elements)
23:In humans most cobalt is found in
14:
459:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00186.x
447:European Journal of Biochemistry
364:10.1046/j.1439-0396.2000.00258.x
218:
204:
77:Proteins based on cobalamin use
118:Methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase
675:Biological aspects of fluorine
508:McDowell, Lee Russell (2008).
81:to hold the cobalt. Coenzyme B
1:
953:Composition of the human body
179:North Island Volcanic Plateau
38:. It is a key constituent of
295:10.1007/978-94-007-5561-1_10
963:Mineral (Essential element)
547:Snook, Laurence C. (1962).
254:10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_9
141:methionine aminopeptidase 2
1040:
978:Uranium in the environment
162:
16:Use of Cobalt by organisms
833:Acute beryllium poisoning
139:. These proteins include
42:, also known as vitamin B
287:Metallomics and the Cell
845:Chlorine gas poisoning
225:Cobalt-deficient sheep
165:Vitamin B12 deficiency
28:
818:Argyria (Silver)
660:Molybdenum in biology
537:Accessed 12 May 2013.
22:
958:Lithium (medication)
670:Arsenic biochemistry
630:Manganese in biology
620:Potassium in biology
615:Magnesium in biology
107:promotes methyl (−CH
828:Beryllium poisoning
655:Selenium in biology
597:Elements in biology
54:in the stomachs of
999:Biological systems
922:Thallium poisoning
625:Calcium in biology
184:Ninety Mile Desert
48:ultratrace element
29:
986:
985:
932:Toxic heavy metal
917:Selenium toxicity
902:Mercury poisoning
870:Fluoride toxicity
865:Cadmium poisoning
850:Chromium toxicity
823:Arsenic poisoning
665:Iodine in biology
645:Copper in biology
640:Cobalt in biology
610:Sodium in biology
521:978-0-470-37668-3
432:10.1021/ja991649a
426:(40): 9388–9399.
323:978-94-007-5561-1
304:978-94-007-5560-4
263:978-94-007-7499-5
159:Cobalt deficiency
149:nitrile hydratase
89:has two types of
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1009:Dietary minerals
897:Lithium toxicity
855:Cobalt poisoning
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968:Oxygen toxicity
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860:Copper toxicity
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650:Zinc in biology
635:Iron in biology
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133:metalloproteins
120:(MUT) converts
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912:Nickel allergy
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907:Metal toxicity
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892:Lead poisoning
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880:Iron poisoning
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559:(11): 844–852.
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100:and adenosyl.
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973:Soil salinity
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937:Zinc toxicity
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927:Tin poisoning
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885:Iron overload
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875:Halotolerance
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487:on 2012-01-25
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747:Deficiencies
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489:. Retrieved
485:the original
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381:Biochemistry
380:
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355:
351:
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286:
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76:
30:
838:Berylliosis
332:electronic-
25:Vitamin B12
1019:Physiology
993:Categories
785:Molybdenum
491:2012-01-16
453:(1): 1–9.
231:References
163:See also:
1014:Nutrition
780:Manganese
775:Potassium
729:hosphorus
338:1868-0402
330:1559-0836
212:Cobalamin
188:Southeast
40:cobalamin
810:Toxicity
795:Selenium
755:Chromium
603:Elements
467:10103026
405:31819701
313:23595677
272:24470095
153:nitriles
56:ruminant
52:Bacteria
946:Related
721:itrogen
705:ydrogen
481:"Soils"
186:of the
122:MMl-CoA
68:grazing
64:archaea
36:animals
1024:Cobalt
790:Sodium
770:Iodine
760:Copper
685:CHONPS
518:
465:
403:
393:
336:
328:
321:
311:
301:
270:
260:
126:Su-CoA
98:methyl
94:ligand
79:corrin
32:Cobalt
737:ulfur
713:xygen
697:arbon
555:. 4.
197:rumen
91:alkyl
800:Zinc
765:Iron
516:ISBN
463:PMID
401:OCLC
391:ISBN
334:ISSN
326:ISSN
319:ISBN
309:PMID
299:ISBN
268:PMID
258:ISBN
455:doi
451:261
428:doi
424:121
387:675
360:doi
291:doi
250:doi
190:of
124:to
102:MeB
995::
551:.
500:^
461:.
449:.
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399:.
389:.
356:83
354:.
307:.
297:.
266:.
256:.
175:12
171:12
155:.
145:12
137:12
113:12
104:12
96::
87:12
83:12
74:.
72:12
60:12
50:.
44:12
735:S
727:P
719:N
711:O
703:H
695:C
590:e
583:t
576:v
557:3
524:.
494:.
469:.
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