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254:, decentralized approach; bio-inspired techniques often involve the method of specifying a set of simple generic rules or a set of simple nodes, from the interaction of which emerges the overall behavior. It is hoped to build up complexity until the end result is something markedly complex (see complex systems). However, it is also arguable that systems designed
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770:, which uses groups of these neurons to complete cognitive tasks via flexibile coordination. Components of the model communicate using spiking neurons that implement neural representations called "semantic pointers" using various firing patterns. Semantic pointers can be understood as being elements of a compressed neural vector space.
126:
One can distinguish between the theory of cognition and the implementation of the theory. The theory of cognition outlined the structure of the various parts of the mind and made commitments to the use of rules, associative networks, and other aspects. The cognitive architecture implements the theory
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Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Rusu, Andrei A.; Veness, Joel; Bellemare, Marc G.; Graves, Alex; Riedmiller, Martin; Fidjeland, Andreas K.; Ostrovski, Georg; Petersen, Stig; Beattie, Charles; Sadik, Amir; Antonoglou, Ioannis; King, Helen; Kumaran, Dharshan; Wierstra, Daan; Legg,
71:
hypothesis about the fixed structures that provide a mind, whether in natural or artificial systems, and how they work together — in conjunction with knowledge and skills embodied within the architecture — to yield intelligent behavior in a diversity of complex
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provided a theory of human associative memory. He included more aspects of his research on long-term memory and thinking processes into this research and eventually designed a cognitive architecture he eventually called
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a connectionist distributed neural architecture for simulated creatures or robots, where modules of neural networks composed of heterogenous neurons (including receptors and effectors) can be designed and evolved.
119:'s use of the term "cognitive architecture". Anderson's lab used the term to refer to the ACT theory as embodied in a collection of papers and designs. (There was not a complete implementation of ACT at the time.)
1131:
Vernon, David; Metta, Giorgio; Sandini, Giulio (April 2007). "A Survey of
Artificial Cognitive Systems: Implications for the Autonomous Development of Mental Capabilities in Computational Agents".
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Schmidhuber, Jürgen; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Graves, Alex; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Wierstra, Daan; Riedmiller, Martin (2015). "Deep learning in neural networks: An overview".
127:
on computers. The software used to implement the cognitive architectures was also called "cognitive architectures". Thus, a cognitive architecture can also refer to a blueprint for
1253:
Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Graves, Alex; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Wierstra, Daan; Riedmiller, Martin (2013). "Playing Atari with Deep
Reinforcement Learning".
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on the basis of observations of what humans and other animals can do, rather than on observations of brain mechanisms, are also biologically inspired, though in a different way.
658:. HTM is a method for discovering and inferring the high-level causes of observed input patterns and sequences, thus building an increasingly complex model of the world.
92:
provided a possible "architecture for cognition" because it included some commitments for how more than one fundamental aspect of the human mind worked (in EPAM's case,
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1414:
Eliasmith, C.; Stewart, T. C.; Choo, X.; Bekolay, T.; DeWolf, T.; Tang, Y.; Rasmussen, D. (29 November 2012). "A Large-Scale Model of the
Functioning Brain".
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Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Graves, Alex; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Wierstra, Daan; Riedmiller, Martin (2014). "Neural Turing
Machines".
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as a realizable architecture that could store large patterns and retrieve them based on partial matches with patterns representing current sensory inputs.
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is a reference model architecture that provides a theoretical foundation for designing, engineering, integrating intelligent systems software for
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multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.
143:. The term 'architecture' implies an approach that attempts to model not only behavior, but also structural properties of the modelled system.
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processes that act like certain cognitive systems. Most often, these processes are based on human cognition, but other
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in a similar fashion to humans and a neural network that may be able to access an external memory like a conventional
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and serve as the frameworks for useful artificial intelligence programs. Successful cognitive architectures include
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The
Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) is a type of neural network based on a model of the mammalian
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assumptions, relying only on emergent properties of processing units (e.g., nodes ). Hybrid architectures such as
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and to a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and
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58:. The research on cognitive architectures as software instantiation of cognitive theories was initiated by
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Newell, Allen. 1990. Unified
Theories of Cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Shane; Hassabis, Demis (25 February 2015). "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning".
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This Week's
Citation Classic: Anderson J R & Bower G H. Human associative memory. Washington
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183:). Many of these architectures are based on principle that cognition is computational (see
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Albus, James S. (August 1979). "Mechanisms of planning and problem solving in the brain".
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Extended
Artificial Memory. Toward an integral cognitive theory of memory and technology
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combine both types of processing. A further distinction is whether the architecture is
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is programmed in a top-down fashion. Although such a system may be designed to
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systems may also be suitable. Cognitive architectures form a subset of general
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started research on human memory in the early 1970s and his 1973 thesis with
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In 1983 John R. Anderson published the seminal work in this area, entitled
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tasks, generalization, and pattern recognition with changeable attention.
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of the human brain. The underlying algorithm is based on a combination of
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Mobile robots XVII: 26–28 October 2004, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19920002425.pdf
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by Chris
Eliasmith at the Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience at the
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Some well-known cognitive architectures, in alphabetical order:
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163:. Some cognitive architectures or models are based on a set of
1169:. Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. page 35.
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This architecture is part of the family of correlation-based
557:, resulting in a computer that appears to possibly mimic the
219:. A further design issue is additionally a decision between
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Denning, Peter J. "Sparse distributed memory." (1989).Url:
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Flexible
Attention-based Cognitive Architecture for Robots
187:). In contrast, subsymbolic processing specifies no such
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of Numenta, Inc. that models some of the structural and
436:. The CMAC was first proposed as a function modeler for
46:
can be used to further refine comprehensive theories of
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Spaun (Semantic Pointer Architecture Unified Network)
34:refers to both a theory about the structure of the
1348:"DeepMind's Nature Paper and Earlier Related Work"
603:. Holographs have been shown to be effective for
1188:(Thesis). Technical University of Kaiserslautern
1022:. London, UK: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
1133:IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
893:Biologically inspired cognitive architectures
766:– Spaun is a network of 2,500,000 artificial
54:(Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational) and
8:
860:(though it could be argued whether they are
718:'Procedural Reasoning System', developed by
708:Michael S. Gashler, University of Arkansas.
407:the cognitive architecture, developed under
1055:. Institute for Creative Technologies. 2024
268:
115:. He and his students were influenced by
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444:in 1975 and has been extensively used in
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490:University of California in Los Angeles
69:defines a cognitive architecture as a "
648:theory of brain function described by
1020:Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds
7:
301:4D-RCS Reference Model Architecture
67:Institute for Creative Technologies
1102:," in: CC. Nr. 52 Dec 24–31, 1979.
963:Neural correlates of consciousness
250:, on the other hand, takes a more
25:
908:Cognitive architecture comparison
520:developed by Susan L. Epstein at
488:developed by Erik Mueller at the
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413:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
27:Blueprint for intelligent agents
522:The City University of New York
373:University of Technology Sydney
248:Biologically-inspired computing
209:parallel distributed processing
199:, with a neural correlate of a
169:Information Processing Language
151:Cognitive architectures can be
40:computational cognitive science
988:Never-Ending Language Learning
704:MANIC (Cognitive Architecture)
583:Holographic associative memory
124:The Architecture of Cognition.
1:
1165:Douglas Whitney Gage (2004).
1117:The Architecture of Cognition
371:and Benjamin Johnston at the
1385:10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003
1240:10.1016/0025-5564(79)90063-4
616:Hierarchical temporal memory
415:and University of Missouri.
215:, a prime example being the
983:Unified theory of cognition
573:on earlier related work in
569:. (Also see an overview by
395:University of Hertfordshire
177:unified theory of cognition
131:. It proposes (artificial)
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790:Carnegie Mellon University
672:inspired extension to the
545:The company has created a
448:and also as for automated
341:Extended Artificial Memory
329:Carnegie Mellon University
289:Carnegie Mellon University
852:Subsumption architectures
844:NASA Ames Research Center
834:Sparse distributed memory
742:Otto-Friedrich University
393:and Peter C. Lane at the
1228:Mathematical Biosciences
1179:Dr. Lars Ludwig (2013).
1145:10.1109/TEVC.2006.890274
1053:"Cognitive Architecture"
968:Pandemonium architecture
883:Artificial consciousness
620:This architecture is an
567:recurrent neural network
549:that learns how to play
504:New Bulgarian University
315:unmanned ground vehicles
1436:10.1126/science.1225266
1206:Novianto, Rony (2014).
1075:"The Feigenbaum Papers"
1018:Lieto, Antonio (2021).
688:Global Workspace Theory
622:online machine learning
227:, or (more concretely)
18:Cognitive architectures
1515:Cognitive architecture
1499:Cognitive architecture
1497:Quotations related to
1487:Cognitive architecture
998:Open Mind Common Sense
794:University of Michigan
764:University of Waterloo
595:. It was inspired by
492:under Michael G. Dyer
446:reinforcement learning
32:cognitive architecture
928:Computer architecture
923:Commonsense reasoning
696:University of Memphis
597:holonomic brain model
1489:at Wikimedia Commons
589:associative memories
1428:2012Sci...338.1202E
1422:(6111): 1202–1205.
1318:10.1038/nature14236
1310:2015Natur.518..529M
1079:Stanford University
913:Cognitive computing
819:The Emotion Machine
644:model based on the
624:model developed by
438:robotic controllers
295:and Sashank Varma.
270:
141:agent architectures
42:. These formalized
898:Blue Brain Project
856:developed e.g. by
722:and Amy Lansky at
690:, developed under
636:properties of the
571:Jürgen Schmidhuber
476:Indiana University
468:Douglas Hofstadter
429:. It is a type of
369:Mary-Anne Williams
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129:intelligent agents
1485:Media related to
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978:Social simulation
973:Simulated reality
918:Cognitive science
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724:SRI International
646:memory-prediction
559:short-term memory
502:developed at the
391:Brunel University
347:TU Kaiserslautern
211:in mid-1980s and
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565:with multilayer
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