257:
26:
330:(Castlesteads, Cumbria), the fort on Hadrian's Wall neighbouring Banna to the west. This record shows that the regiment was probably present in Britain until the definitive withdrawal of Roman troops from the island in c. 410. By this time, the unit probably contained only c. 300 effectives, around a third of its size in the 2nd century. This reduction was in line with the army in Britain as a whole, which had shrunk from a peak of c. 55,000 in 200 to c. 17,500 effectives in 400.
265:
411:(r. 193–211). Frere argues that Albinus would probably have needed to take virtually every single Roman soldier from Britain for his campaign (his army reportedly numbered 150,000, but this is probably an exaggeration, as the entire army in Britain at this time probably totalled c. 50,000. Also, Albinus failed to win the support of the Rhine army). Albinus and his army were defeated in a hard-fought battle at
168:). As no record of the unit has been found in Dacia, Holder argues that the regiment was transferred to Britain immediately after it was established. (This was in accordance with a general imperial policy of deploying auxiliary units far from recently conquered (or pacified) regions in order to assure their loyalty: thus, seven British regiments, raised during the
450:: this title, attested in an inscription dated 218–22, could, in view of the name, have been accorded by Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius Commodus or Septimius Severus. However, it appears that in 212–3, several regiments in Britain were accorded the title. Frere argues that these awards were made by the emperor
566:
However, these dedications are in no way representative of the religious affiliation of the regiment's members, as they were all erected by the cohort's tribunes (commanding officers). They thus represent the army's official cults. The cohort's soldiers doubtless revered a great variety of
British
317:("cohort acting-commander"). The fact that the fort was in ruins and then repaired suggests that it may have been abandoned for a period, and then re-occupied. The text is incomplete, therefore it is uncertain whether Martinus commanded I Aelia Dacorum, or some other regiment.
425:
in 77–85, over a century earlier. However, from the evidence of
Severan-era marching-camps along the east coast of Scotland, it does not appear that Severus' army advanced as far as north as Agricola's, which had reached
272:(right, stretching into the distance), as seen from Fort Banna. Originally, the wall was c. 5 m (16 ft) high, but stone removal over the centuries has reduced its remains, at this point, to barely 2 m
383:, most of whom reside south of Hadrian's Wall. The Romans are forced to withdraw troops from the Antonine Wall to suppress the revolt. This campaign probably led to the decision to abandon the Antonine Wall by 162.
260:
Partial view of excavated remains of Roman Fort Banna (at
Birdoswald, Cumbria, England). Cohors I Ælia Dacorum was stationed here for at least 150 years until AD 276, and probably for about a century thereafter
305:
The inscription of 276/82 is one of the latest datable record found which mentions I Aelia
Dacorum. However, a later inscription found at Fort Banna, datable to the latter period of the emperor
502:
The awards show that, in the period 260–74, the regiment gave its allegiance to the "Gallic" emperors
Postumus and Tetricus I, who ruled the breakaway western section of the Empire (comprising
443:
The epigraphic record shows that, during the 2nd and 3rd centuries, the regiment won five more imperial titles, presumably for valour, or for loyalty to the awarding emperor:
1455:
152:(Publius Ælius Hadrianus). It was probably founded between AD 117 (the date of Hadrian's accession) and c. 125, the date of the unit's first datable attestation. The
454:(M. Aurelius Severus Antoninus, r. 211–17), in order to secure the British regiments' loyalty after the assassination of his brother and co-emperor
236:
There is no evidence that the unit ever acquired a cavalry contingent: in no inscription is the regiment ascribed the epithet "EQ" (for
309:'s rule (293–305), records that the fort's headquarters buildings, which had fallen into ruins, were rebuilt under the direction of the
1450:
1229:
326:, a late 4th-century official document which contains a list of Roman military units in existence around AD 400, as stationed at
241:
342:(Scotland), the regiment almost certainly participated in all the major campaigns recorded in this turbulent region, including:
393:(r. 180–92) rushes reinforcements under Lucius Ulpius Marcellus to repel the invasion. In 184, Commodus assumes the title
407:, launches a bid to seize imperial power. He leads the British army to Gaul to challenge the Danubian army under emperor
256:
421:: Emperor Septimius Severus launches a massive campaign to conquer the whole of Caledonia, similar to that of governor
302:(Birdoswald, Cumbria), on Hadrian's Wall, from 126 to at least 276/82, where it is attested in numerous inscriptions.
290:
192:
status, the latter is supported by the fact that all but the first of its attested commanders carried the title of
408:
276:
The regiment was transferred from Dacia to
Britain not later than 125, when it was stationed briefly at Fort
404:
362:
365:
leads the campaign. Coins record victory in 142/3 over the
Caledonian tribes of the region, especially the
518:
Of the 27 stone altars found at the cohort's long-term fort (at
Birdoswald, Cumbria), 24 are dedicated to
495:
455:
422:
64:
774:
658:
338:
In view of its size and long-term stationing on the northern
British frontier, facing the unconquered
630:
of the cohort. Cludius name fits gap in inscription and is attested in votive inscription from Dacia
523:
25:
545:
519:
110:
666:
322:
299:
530:("to Jupiter the Best and Greatest"). One of these was jointly dedicated to Jupiter and to the
264:
670:
354:
295:
269:
129:
540:, who was officially deified after his death. One altar is dedicated to the Roman god of war
778:
541:
662:
379:: Serious disturbances break out in northern Britain, probably centred on a revolt by the
169:
61:
350:
1444:
904:
507:
370:
211:
title), and that its commander at the time, Marcus
Cludius Severus, held the rank of
114:
644:
51:
465:
327:
161:
121:
105:(Latin name for "1st Aelian Cohort of Dacians") was an infantry regiment of the
485:
306:
148:, implying that it was either founded, or honoured for valour, by the emperor
357:, as far as the Forth-Clyde line, which had been abandoned under the emperor
1080:?Same as Caius Terentius Valerianus who erected tombstone to son at Novara?
764:
560:
451:
431:
427:
380:
339:
310:
281:
172:
period (71–96), are attested as deployed in Dacia in the reign of Hadrian).
133:
90:
1428:
Prosopographia Militiarum Equestrium quae fuerunt ab Augusto ad Gallienum
1035:
690:
552:
537:
475:
412:
390:
366:
221:
738:
650:
551:
Only one altar was dedicated to a native British deity, the Celtic god
285:
157:
149:
117:
106:
288:) and appears to have participated in the excavation of the so-called
1074:
621:
358:
165:
555:(after whom the fort occupied by the cohort before Banna was named:
128:
400. It was deployed, for virtually its entire history, in forts on
203:
The fact that the unit's first surviving record (c. 125) attests a
532:
263:
255:
503:
522:, the highest Roman god, originally the supreme sky-god of the
1430:(Prosopography of Military Knights from Augustus to Gallienus)
1382:
1380:
188:
of 80 men each. Although only one of its records mentions its
353:(r. 138–61) launches an aggressive strategy to re-occupy the
1018:
Acc. to E. Birley, "fabricated" name suggests Celtic origin
389:: The Caledonian tribes overrun Hadrian's Wall. The emperor
156:
name suggests that its initial recruits were mainly ethnic
626:
Severus, in a funerary stone from Cesena, is described as
298:(constructed 122–8). It was permanently stationed at Fort
124:
not later than AD 125 and its last surviving record dates
430:. Severus' gains were abandoned by his son and successor
369:. The campaign is followed by the construction of the
1179:
child (of tribune Aurelius Iulianus), died at 1 year
215:, has led to the suggestion that it was originally a
240:= "equipped with cavalry"), and no cavalry officer (
1370:
1368:
86:
78:
70:
57:
47:
35:
18:
1277:
1275:
526:. These are headed with the initials "IOM", for
1204:child (brother of Decibalus), died at 10 years
1139:Dependants of Cohors I Aelia Dacorum personnel
744:A Sextus Claudius Menander attested in Ephesus
294:, a huge ditch running along the near side of
184:strength (i.e., 800-strong), divided into ten
8:
1415:Auxiliary Deployment in the Reign of Hadrian
959:Undated personnel of Cohors I Aelia Dacorum
576:Datable personnel of Cohors I Aelia Dacorum
803:A veteran with same name attested in Dacia
164:(annexed in 106 by Hadrian's predecessor,
458:, who enjoyed wide popularity in the army.
160:from Moesia and/or the recently conquered
1456:Auxiliary infantry units of ancient Rome
1408:Studies in the Auxilia of the Roman Army
1137:
957:
574:
120:(r. AD 117–38) in the Roman province of
30:Roman infantry helmet (late 1st century)
1241:
536:("Divine Spirit") of the first emperor
219:regiment (480-strong, divided into six
313:Flavius Martinus, who is described as
15:
1422:Roman Britain: an imperial Possession
7:
1290:Notitia Dignitatum Occidens Title XL
1256:
1254:
1217:Tombstone, erected by elder brother
506:, Spain and Britain), known as the "
665:?); subsequently (153-6) commanded
559:, meaning "Shrine of Cocidius", at
638:Ti. Claudius Proculus Cornelianus
14:
1230:List of Roman auxiliary regiments
144:The regiment carries the epithet
320:The regiment is recorded in the
24:
865:name attested 6 X in late Gaul
544:and one to the god of the sea,
735:prob. Greek (from Asia Minor)
229:title when it was upgraded to
1:
1189:Tombstone, erected by father
943:Centurion (of I Aelia Dac.?)
180:The regiment was probably of
125:
113:. It was first raised by the
40:
1202:child, died days after birth
415:(Lyon) and Albinus executed.
196:, normally an indication of
132:on the northern frontier of
1386:Prosop. Mil. Eq. VI pp69-70
403:: The governor of Britain,
225:) and that it acquired its
1472:
609:Marcus Clu(dius?) Severus
567:and other native deities.
726:Marcus Claudius Menander
103:Cohors PrimÆ Ælia Dacorvm
23:
1451:Military of ancient Rome
1085:Funisulanus Vettonianus
409:Lucius Septimius Severus
1317:Frere (1987) 133, 135-6
1209:uncertain (Roman name)
1207:uncertain (Dacian name)
405:Decimus Clodius Albinus
363:Quintus Lollius Urbicus
268:View of the remains of
162:Roman province of Dacia
851:Pomponius Desideratus
423:Gnaeus Julius Agricola
361:(r. 98-117). Governor
273:
261:
19:Cohors I Aelia Dacorum
1128:prob. Gaul or Briton
1062:Terentius Valerianus
657:Previously commanded
397:to celebrate victory.
267:
259:
1299:Mattingly (2006) 239
1120:Congaonius Candidus
1103:Ammonius Victorinus
315:praepositus cohortis
1176:Aurelius Concordus
1140:
986:Octavius Honoratus
960:
752:Flavius Maximianus
695:Prusias ad Hypium?
680:Domitius Honoratus
577:
111:Imperial Roman army
1420:Mattingly, David:
1374:Spaul (2000) 344-5
1335:Frere (1987) 154-5
1308:Frere (1987) 133-4
1138:
1045:Iulius Saturninus
1004:Reginius Iustinus
958:
775:Cohors I Praetoria
705:Aurelius Iulianus
659:Cohors II Bracarum
575:
571:Attested Personnel
528:Iovi Optimo Maximo
323:Notitia Dignitatum
274:
262:
82:800 (until AD 284)
1399:Frere, Sheppard:
1221:
1220:
1136:
1135:
1023:Statius Longinus
956:
955:
940:Flavius Martinus
831:Probius Augendus
811:Marcius Gallicus
789:Aurelius Faustus
671:Germania Inferior
355:Scottish Lowlands
97:
96:
1463:
1387:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1363:
1362:Spaul (2000) 344
1360:
1354:
1353:Frere (1987) 166
1351:
1345:
1344:Spaul (2000) 345
1342:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1326:Frere (1987) 147
1324:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:Spaul (1980) 346
1279:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1260:Spaul (2000) 346
1258:
1249:
1248:Holder (1980) 18
1246:
1141:
1013:Gaul or Briton?
961:
779:Praetorian Guard
578:
205:Cohors I Dacorum
127:
42:
28:
16:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1441:
1440:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1226:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1167:
1162:
1145:
926:Roman citizen?
873:Aurelius Vinus
663:Moesia Inferior
582:
573:
516:
514:Religious cults
441:
336:
254:
248:) is attested.
233:status in 127.
178:
142:
100:
93:AD 125 – c. 400
62:Roman auxiliary
31:
12:
11:
5:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1413:Holder, Paul:
1411:
1406:Holder, Paul:
1404:
1403:3rd Ed. (1987)
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1271:
1262:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
954:
953:
951:
949:
947:
946:Roman citizen
944:
941:
938:
934:
933:
931:
929:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
913:
911:
909:
907:
902:
899:
896:
892:
891:
887:
886:
884:
882:
880:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
863:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
845:
844:
842:
840:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
822:
820:
818:
815:
812:
809:
805:
804:
801:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
768:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
720:
719:
717:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
696:
693:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
673:
655:
653:
647:
642:
639:
636:
632:
631:
624:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
572:
569:
524:Indo-Europeans
515:
512:
500:
499:
489:
479:
469:
459:
440:
437:
436:
435:
416:
398:
384:
374:
351:Antoninus Pius
335:
332:
296:Hadrian's Wall
270:Hadrian's Wall
253:
250:
244:) or trooper (
177:
174:
141:
138:
130:Hadrian's Wall
98:
95:
94:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1468:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:Holder (2003)
1266:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:Social status
1151:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:Roman knight
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:Roman knight
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:Roman knight
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:Roman knight
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:Roman knight
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:Roman knight
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:Roman knight
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
972:Social Status
971:
969:Military Rank
968:
965:
963:
962:
952:
950:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
935:
932:
930:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
915:
912:
910:
908:
906:
905:Roman citizen
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
889:
888:
885:
883:
881:
879:Roman knight
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
857:Roman knight
856:
853:
850:
847:
846:
843:
841:
839:
837:Roman knight
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
819:
817:Roman knight
816:
813:
810:
807:
806:
802:
800:
797:
795:Roman knight
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
780:
776:
773:(veteran) of
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
758:Roman knight
757:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
732:Roman knight
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:Roman knight
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:
697:
694:
692:
688:
686:Roman knight
685:
682:
679:
676:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
654:
652:
648:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
633:
629:
625:
623:
620:
617:
615:Roman knight
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:
600:
597:
594:
592:Social Status
591:
589:Military Rank
588:
585:
580:
579:
570:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
513:
511:
509:
508:Gallic Empire
505:
497:
493:
490:
487:
483:
480:
477:
473:
470:
467:
463:
460:
457:
453:
449:
446:
445:
444:
438:
433:
429:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
396:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
371:Antonine Wall
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
344:
343:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
324:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
271:
266:
258:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
207:(without the
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
137:
135:
131:
123:
119:
116:
115:Roman emperor
112:
109:corps of the
108:
104:
99:Military unit
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
39:AD 117–25 to
38:
34:
27:
22:
17:
1434:
1433:Spaul, John
1427:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1265:
1244:
1155:Nation/tribe
975:Nation/tribe
920:Decius Saxa
898:Aelius Dida
770:
667:Ala Sulpicia
645:Roman knight
627:
595:Nation/tribe
565:
563:, Cumbria).
557:Fanum Cocidi
556:
550:
531:
527:
517:
501:
491:
481:
471:
461:
447:
442:
418:
400:
394:
386:
376:
346:
337:
321:
319:
314:
304:
289:
278:Fanum Cocidi
277:
275:
245:
237:
235:
230:
226:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
202:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
179:
153:
145:
143:
102:
101:
52:Roman Empire
1214:Birdoswald
1186:Birdoswald
1146:inscription
777:(cohort of
612:Praefectus
583:inscription
466:Gordian III
448:Antoniniana
434:(r. 211-8).
395:Britannicus
328:Camboglanna
217:quingenaria
87:Garrison/HQ
1445:Categories
1394:References
1194:uncertain
1158:Birthplace
1123:Centurion
995:Numidian?
978:Birthplace
923:Centurion
901:Centurion
767:(Latium)?
628:praefectus
598:Birthplace
498:r. 276–82)
488:r. 269–74)
486:Tetricus I
482:Tetriciana
472:Postumiana
307:Diocletian
213:praefectus
140:Foundation
136:province.
1401:Britannia
1236:Citations
1197:Decibalus
1163:find-spot
1106:Tribunus
1094:Italian?
1088:Tribunus
1071:Italian?
1065:Tribunus
1048:Tribunus
1032:Italian?
1026:Tribunus
1007:Tribunus
989:Tribunus
876:Tribunus
854:Tribunus
834:Tribunus
814:Tribunus
792:Tribunus
765:Praeneste
761:Italian?
755:Tribunus
729:Tribunus
714:British?
708:Tribunus
691:Bithynian
683:Tribunus
641:Tribunus
561:Bewcastle
478:r. 260–9)
452:Caracalla
432:Caracalla
428:Inverness
381:Brigantes
340:Caledonia
334:Campaigns
311:centurion
282:Bewcastle
252:Garrisons
231:milliaria
222:centuriae
198:milliaria
190:milliaria
186:centuriae
182:milliaria
176:Structure
134:Britannia
91:Britannia
1435:COHORS 2
1224:See also
1199:Blaesus
1036:Canusium
937:293-305
798:Dacian?
771:evocatus
651:Numidian
618:Italian
553:Cocidius
538:Augustus
492:Probiana
476:Postumus
468:r. 238 )
462:Gordiana
413:Lugdunum
391:Commodus
367:Selgovae
242:decurion
238:equitata
200:status.
194:tribunus
74:infantry
1144:Date of
917:c. 126
895:c. 125
870:276-82
828:258-69
808:258-69
739:Ephesus
677:c. 160
635:c. 150
581:Date of
546:Neptune
520:Jupiter
439:Honours
286:Cumbria
170:Flavian
158:Dacians
154:Dacorum
150:Hadrian
118:Hadrian
107:Auxilia
48:Country
1437:(2000)
1424:(2006)
1417:(2003)
1410:(1980)
1173:205-7
1166:Record
1161:Record
1075:Novara
981:Notes
860:Gaul?
848:270-4
749:235-8
702:205-7
689:prob.
649:prob.
622:Cesena
606:c 125
601:Notes
496:Probus
419:208–11
359:Trajan
347:139–42
291:Vallum
166:Trajan
65:cohort
36:Active
1168:type
890:XXXX
533:numen
401:196–7
387:181–5
377:154–8
300:Banna
246:eques
146:Aelia
122:Dacia
1149:Name
966:Name
786:237
723:219
661:(in
586:Name
542:Mars
504:Gaul
456:Geta
227:Ælia
209:Ælia
79:Size
71:Role
58:Type
669:in
510:".
43:400
1447::
1379:^
1367:^
1274:^
1253:^
1077:?
1038:?
781:)
741:?
548:.
349::
284:,
126:c.
41:c.
494:(
484:(
474:(
464:(
373:.
280:(
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