421:, limited reproductive options, and increased predation. The primary biological threat to Coimbra Filho's titi comes from its mating behavior. While juvenile members of the species remain in their natal groups, upon sexual maturity they leave and set off upon their own. Coupled with the habitat fragmentation faced by the species, this behavior limits the number of sexually mature individuals in each fragment of the population, limiting reproductive options. The species' natural geographical distribution also contributes a threat to the species. Coimbra Filho's titi only naturally occurs in the
220:
75:
50:
31:
431:
century, and these coastal forests now cover less than 1% of their original size. These activities are leading to increased habitat fragmentation. This fragmentation limits the size of breeding populations, limiting genetic diversity. This fragmentation also increases the risk of predation, as titis are forced to move from one fragment to another, exposing them to increased risk of predation.
389:. However, upon reaching sexual maturity, individuals leave their natal groups, and often immigrate to new areas. Their range size varies, with some occurrences recorded of ranges as small as 2 ha (4.9 acres), and others larger than 20 ha (49 acres). Coimbra Filho's titi has also been noted to exhibit extreme
441:
Current studies have shown that due to the species relatively large number of populations, as well as its tolerance to habitat loss and fragmentation, the species has a positive outlook. However action must be taken to prevent further habitat loss and fragmentation from threatening the species, as
350:
The preferred habitat for
Coimbra Filho's titi consists of densely wooded areas, preferring the dense understory and lower canopy. However, it is able to survive in damaged or fragmented forests, which currently comprise a large portion of its range. This is due to a tolerance to highly disturbed
430:
in the area. Wooded areas inhabited by
Coimbra Filho's Titi are also being rapidly converted into pastures for grazing and ranching. By the early 1900s, the coastal forests in Sergipe had been reduced to less than 40% of the size of their original cover. This trend continued throughout the 20th
425:
in northeastern Brazil. This is a relatively small area in the states of
Sergipe and Bahia. Due to this small range, any disturbances to these areas pose a larger than normal threat to the species' survival. More than anything else, however, human interference is the source of many problems to
434:
Coimbra Filho's titi was placed on Brazil's
Official List of Threatened Fauna in 2003, managed by the Committee for the Conservation and Management of the Primates of the Northern Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. This organization is responsible for studying the current status and threats to the
357:
are native to many areas of South
America from Colombia to Brazil, Peru and north Paraguay, Coimbra Filho's titi is found only in a very small area in the states of Bahia and Sergipe in coastal northeastern Brazil.
330:. Compared to other members of its group, the skull is smaller, and shaped slightly differently. Its teeth are also more U-shaped, as opposed to the more V-shaped teeth exhibited by other members of the
712:
Marcelino de
Oliveira; Marcelo; Marini-Filho, Onildo J. & de Oliveira Campos, Valeska (2005). "The International Committee for the Conservation and Management of Atlantic Forest Atelids".
426:
Coimbra Filho's titi. The areas around and inside its habitat are being developed, including paving roads and the promotion of tourism. Similarly, it is facing habitat loss due to increased
385:
Coimbra Filho's titi generally lives in small groups consisting of three to five members. Such a group generally contains a breeding pair and its direct offspring that have yet to reach
438:
As of 2005, no attempts have been made at beginning a captive breeding program for the species, despite an estimated wild population of only 500 to 1000 individuals remaining.
1608:
1673:
1740:
749:
1582:
1621:
335:
569:"Preliminary Evaluation of the Conservation Status of Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999 in the Brazilian State of Sergipe"
1760:
1755:
1455:
477:
1647:
1387:
1184:
54:
1148:
414:
351:
areas, as well as the ability to subsist in areas composed primarily of young or second growth forests. While other species in
659:
Cardoso de Sousa; Marcelo (2008). "New
Localities for Coimbra-Filho's Titi Monke, callicebus coimbrai, in north-east Brazil".
1665:
1626:
1369:
940:
1337:
742:
1319:
1265:
1750:
1660:
394:
467:
74:
1678:
1493:
1220:
1166:
1017:
999:
282:, founder and Former Director of the Rio de Janeiro Primate Centre, in honor of his work in the field of Brazilian
1396:
1256:
1175:
990:
318:-like pattern on the anterior of its back. Coimbra Filho's titi is also differentiated from other members of the
271:
205:
1310:
1157:
735:
279:
1547:
1283:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1121:
981:
1509:
1464:
1301:
1211:
1699:
418:
189:
209:
1569:
1473:
1405:
1139:
1130:
219:
1745:
1437:
1274:
1202:
1058:
886:
532:
39:
1328:
1292:
972:
590:
406:
390:
69:
1704:
623:"A new species of titi monkey, Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae)"
1613:
1686:
1556:
1446:
1193:
859:
841:
483:
473:
255:
1691:
1008:
931:
913:
895:
850:
634:
580:
527:
251:
1639:
832:
422:
386:
307:
1067:
1076:
877:
727:
1734:
1634:
1104:
518:
509:
463:
339:
59:
639:
622:
594:
955:
459:
410:
30:
1561:
681:
van
Roosmalen; Marc G. M. (2002). "A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus
435:
species, as well as developing and managing a plan for the species conservation.
1717:
1652:
1595:
1541:
1094:
1049:
815:
805:
759:
298:
The most distinct of
Coimbra Filho's titi's features, from other members of the
283:
275:
156:
1532:
1420:
1352:
868:
795:
585:
568:
353:
166:
136:
922:
904:
487:
371:
86:
442:
well as the implementation of plans to aid in the species' sustainability.
1526:
789:
783:
777:
367:
303:
106:
472:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 142.
1587:
427:
287:
267:
126:
1600:
1032:
771:
375:
259:
146:
116:
96:
1503:
1712:
379:
327:
323:
315:
263:
469:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
247:
1574:
1507:
731:
503:
501:
499:
497:
311:
685:
Thomas, 1903, with the description of the two new species,
508:
Jerusalinsky, L.; Souza-Alves, J.P.; Ferrari, S.F. (2020).
274:. It is considered one of the most endangered of all
1516:
1418:
1350:
1102:
1093:
1030:
953:
813:
804:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
533:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en
413:due to a variety of threats, both natural and
743:
405:Coimbra Filho's titi is currently considered
342:when compared to other members of the group.
8:
621:Kobayashi, Shuji; Langguth, Alfredo (1999).
366:Coimbra Filho's titi, like most titis, is a
676:
674:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
1504:
1099:
810:
750:
736:
728:
218:
48:
29:
20:
654:
652:
650:
638:
584:
531:
451:
7:
519:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
374:, with a diet consisting mostly of
334:group. It also features different
14:
1741:IUCN Red List endangered species
73:
640:10.1590/S0101-81751999000200018
322:group by the shape of both its
567:Jerusalinsky, Leandro (2006).
338:on its upper first and second
1:
1456:Colombian black-handed titi (
941:Vanzolini's bald-faced saki (
378:, but also including various
270:. It was first discovered by
1018:Reddish-brown bearded saki (
693:, from Brazilian Amazonia".
278:primates. It is named after
1388:Coastal black-handed titi (
991:Brown-backed bearded saki (
234:Coimbra Filho's titi monkey
16:Species of New World monkey
1777:
417:, including habitat loss,
397:behavior when threatened.
1761:Mammals described in 1999
1756:Endemic mammals of Brazil
1490:
1000:Uta Hick's bearded saki (
982:Red-backed bearded saki (
766:
758:Extant species of family
586:10.1896/0898-6207.21.1.25
302:group, include its black
226:
217:
195:
188:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1185:Prince Bernhard's titi (
466:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
423:Atlantic coastal forests
346:Habitat and distribution
280:Adelmar F. Coimbra-Filho
1266:Chestnut-bellied titi (
1149:Olalla brothers' titi (
691:Callicebus stephennashi
1379:Coimbra Filho's titi (
1370:Barbara Brown's titi (
1700:Paleobiology Database
1338:Stephen Nash's titi (
1167:Urubamba brown titi (
1059:Black-headed uakari (
526:: e.T39954A17972422.
419:habitat fragmentation
24:Coimbra Filho's titi
1397:Black-fronted titi (
1320:Hershkovitz's titi (
1257:Alta Floresta titi (
1176:Baptista Lake titi (
973:Black bearded saki (
714:Neotropical Primates
695:Neotropical Primates
687:Callicebus bernhardi
661:Neotropical Primates
573:Primate Conservation
294:Physical description
1548:Callicebus coimbrai
1518:Callicebus coimbrai
1311:White-tailed titi (
1158:White-coated titi (
860:Golden-faced saki (
842:White-footed saki (
512:Callicebus coimbrai
314:area, as well as a
239:Callicebus coimbrai
199:Callicebus coimbrai
40:Conservation status
1751:Primates of Brazil
1230:Red-bellied titi (
1221:Hoffmanns's titi (
1122:White-eared titi (
1009:White-nosed saki (
932:White-faced saki (
887:Rio Tapajós saki (
258:to forests in the
1728:
1727:
1687:Open Tree of Life
1510:Taxon identifiers
1501:
1500:
1486:
1485:
1465:Red-headed titi (
1431:
1372:C. barbarabrownae
1363:
1212:Ashy black titi (
1115:
1089:
1088:
1061:C. melanocephalus
1043:
966:
833:Equatorial saki (
826:
336:dental topography
231:
230:
227:Geographic range
63:
1768:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1643:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1505:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1077:Neblina uakari (
1042:
1041:
1037:
965:
964:
960:
878:Burnished saki (
835:P. aequatorialis
825:
824:
820:
811:
752:
745:
738:
729:
722:
721:
709:
703:
702:
678:
669:
668:
656:
645:
644:
642:
627:Revta Bras. Zool
618:
599:
598:
588:
564:
545:
544:
542:
540:
535:
505:
492:
491:
456:
252:New World monkey
246:is a species of
222:
201:
181:C. coimbrai
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1512:
1502:
1497:
1482:
1474:Collared titi (
1427:
1426:
1424:
1414:
1406:Atlantic titi (
1359:
1358:
1356:
1346:
1340:P. stephennashi
1295:P. aureipalatii
1284:Toppin's titi (
1248:Milton's titi (
1239:Vieira's titi (
1169:P. urubambensis
1140:Rio Mayo titi (
1131:Rio Beni titi (
1124:P. donacophilus
1111:
1110:
1108:
1085:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1026:
963:(Bearded sakis)
962:
961:
959:
949:
914:Miller's saki (
896:Isabel's saki (
862:P.chrysocephala
851:Cazuza's saki (
822:
821:
819:
800:
762:
756:
726:
725:
711:
710:
706:
680:
679:
672:
658:
657:
648:
620:
619:
602:
566:
565:
548:
538:
536:
507:
506:
495:
480:
458:
457:
453:
448:
403:
387:sexual maturity
364:
348:
296:
272:Shuji Kobayashi
213:
203:
197:
184:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1538:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1438:Lucifer titi (
1434:
1432:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1304:P. caquetensis
1302:Caquetá titi (
1299:
1290:
1281:
1275:Coppery titi (
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1214:P. cinerascens
1209:
1203:Parecis titi (
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1068:Aracá uakari (
1065:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
969:
967:
951:
950:
948:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
829:
827:
823:(Saki monkeys)
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
767:
764:
763:
757:
755:
754:
747:
740:
732:
724:
723:
704:
670:
646:
633:(2): 531–551.
600:
546:
493:
478:
450:
449:
447:
444:
402:
399:
363:
360:
347:
344:
295:
292:
244:Coimbra's titi
229:
228:
224:
223:
215:
214:
204:
193:
192:
186:
185:
178:
176:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1773:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1408:C. personatus
1404:
1402:
1400:
1399:C. nigrifrons
1395:
1393:
1391:
1390:C. melanochir
1386:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1329:Ornate titi (
1327:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1293:Madidi titi (
1291:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:P. hoffmannsi
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1160:P. pallescens
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1105:Plecturocebus
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1050:Bald uakari (
1048:
1047:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1003:
998:
996:
994:
989:
987:
985:
984:C. chiropotes
980:
978:
976:
971:
970:
968:
958:
957:
952:
946:
944:
943:P. vanzolinii
939:
937:
935:
930:
928:
926:
921:
919:
917:
912:
910:
908:
903:
901:
899:
894:
892:
890:
885:
883:
881:
876:
874:
872:
867:
865:
863:
858:
856:
854:
849:
847:
845:
840:
838:
836:
831:
830:
828:
818:
817:
812:
809:
807:
803:
797:
793:
791:
787:
785:
781:
779:
775:
773:
769:
768:
765:
761:
753:
748:
746:
741:
739:
734:
733:
730:
719:
715:
708:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
675:
671:
667:(4): 151–152.
666:
662:
655:
653:
651:
647:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
601:
596:
592:
587:
582:
578:
574:
570:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
547:
534:
529:
525:
521:
520:
515:
513:
504:
502:
500:
498:
494:
489:
485:
481:
479:0-801-88221-4
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:Wilson, D. E.
461:
460:Groves, C. P.
455:
452:
445:
443:
439:
436:
432:
429:
424:
420:
416:
415:anthropogenic
412:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
361:
359:
356:
355:
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
235:
225:
221:
216:
211:
207:
202:
200:
194:
191:
190:Binomial name
187:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1517:
1492:
1476:C. torquatus
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1447:Black titi (
1439:
1419:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1351:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1268:P. caligatus
1267:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1194:Brown titi (
1187:P. bernhardi
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1103:
1095:Callicebinae
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1031:
1020:C. sagulatus
1019:
1011:C. albinasus
1010:
1002:C. utahickae
1001:
993:C. israelita
992:
983:
974:
954:
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
869:Hairy saki (
861:
852:
843:
834:
814:
717:
713:
707:
701:(Suppl): 42.
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
664:
660:
630:
626:
576:
572:
537:. Retrieved
523:
517:
511:
468:
454:
440:
437:
433:
411:IUCN Redlist
404:
401:Conservation
384:
365:
352:
349:
331:
319:
299:
297:
250:, a type of
243:
238:
237:
233:
232:
198:
196:
180:
179:
167:
143:Infraorder:
18:
1596:iNaturalist
1542:Wikispecies
1381:C. coimbrai
1313:P. discolor
1196:P. brunneus
1178:P. baptista
1142:P. oenanthe
1133:P. modestus
934:P. pithecia
925:P. napensis
923:Napo saki (
907:P. monachus
905:Monk saki (
889:P. irrorata
844:P. albicans
806:Pitheciinae
760:Pitheciidae
539:19 November
391:territorial
284:primatology
276:Neotropical
157:Pitheciidae
147:Simiiformes
1746:Callicebus
1735:Categories
1467:C. regulus
1440:C. lucifer
1421:Cheracebus
1353:Callicebus
1331:P. ornatus
1286:P. toppini
1277:P. cupreus
1259:P. grovesi
1250:P. miltoni
1241:P. vieirai
1205:P. parecis
1151:P. olallae
1070:C. ayresii
975:C. satanas
956:Chiropotes
916:P. milleri
898:P. isabela
871:P. hirsuta
853:P. cazuzai
796:Haplorhini
794:Suborder:
720:: 101–106.
683:Callicebus
446:References
407:endangered
354:Callicebus
332:personatus
320:personatus
300:personatus
262:states of
242:) or just
168:Callicebus
137:Haplorhini
133:Suborder:
55:Endangered
1458:C. medemi
1449:C. lugens
1322:P. dubius
1232:P. moloch
1079:C. hosomi
1052:C. calvus
1040:(Uakaris)
880:P. inusta
770:Kingdom:
579:: 25–32.
395:defensive
372:frugivore
260:Brazilian
206:Kobayashi
175:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1713:Species+
1666:12100326
1614:10860862
1533:Q1107227
1527:Wikidata
1494:Category
816:Pithecia
790:Primates
784:Mammalia
778:Chordata
776:Phylum:
772:Animalia
595:54641819
488:62265494
462:(2005).
368:folivore
362:Behavior
326:and its
304:forehead
210:Langguth
153:Family:
127:Primates
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1653:1000859
1588:2436383
1428:(Titis)
1360:(Titis)
1112:(Titis)
1033:Cacajao
788:Order:
782:Class:
428:logging
409:on the
288:biology
268:Sergipe
256:endemic
163:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1705:385814
1692:210726
1679:867333
1627:612147
1575:323586
593:
486:
476:
380:fruits
376:leaves
340:molars
310:, and
212:, 1999
208:&
1640:39954
1609:IRMNG
1601:43676
591:S2CID
328:teeth
324:skull
316:zebra
308:crown
264:Bahia
1718:5823
1674:NCBI
1635:IUCN
1622:ITIS
1583:GBIF
1562:PML8
689:and
541:2021
524:2020
484:OCLC
474:ISBN
393:and
286:and
266:and
248:titi
1661:MSW
1648:MDD
1570:EoL
1557:CoL
635:doi
581:doi
528:doi
312:ear
1737::
1715::
1702::
1689::
1676::
1663::
1650::
1637::
1624::
1611::
1598::
1585::
1572::
1559::
1544::
1529::
718:13
716:.
699:10
697:.
673:^
663:.
649:^
631:16
629:.
625:.
603:^
589:.
577:21
575:.
571:.
549:^
522:.
516:.
496:^
482:.
382:.
306:,
290:.
254:,
1478:)
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864:)
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837:)
751:e
744:t
737:v
665:8
643:.
637::
597:.
583::
543:.
530::
514:"
510:"
490:.
370:-
236:(
62:)
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