927:"The tiple is a Colombian adaptation of the Renaissance Spanish vihuela brought to the New World in the 16th century by the Spanish conquistadors. At the end of the 19th century, it evolved to its present shape. Its twelve strings are arranged in four groups of three: the first group consists of three steel strings tuned to E, the second, third and fourth groups have a copper string in the middle of two steel strings. The central ones are tuned one octave lower than the surrounding strings of the group. This arrangement produces the set of harmonics that gives the instrument its unique voice."
1156:, to pick it between singing and singing carrying the melody. That, dear reader, demands more than skills, a special gift, a unique magic that very few have. In it the game of the wrist plays a role, the unfolding of the fingers as a hand fan, the sitting of the palm of the hand that falls on the strings pulsating of emotion, the nails that scratch off the miracle of the notes. To make a tiple make noises is something anyone can achieve, but to make it speak, laugh, sing, moan, cry..that can be achieved not by the one that wants to do it but the one that can do it."
692:(Towards a musical Americanism - Music in Colombia) In it, he mentions the Colombian tiple. Unfamiliar with the instrument Cifuentes points out a couple of flaws, but his writing is of historic value since it explains that the tiple has by this time 12 strings. (The ten string tiple still survives as the "American Tiple", often also known as the "Martin Tiple", after the chief manufacturer of this type in the states, the Martin Guitar Company. Besides having fewer strings the American Tiple differs in being smaller than the tiple Colombiano, nearer the size of a
1285:). Like the tiple Colombiano it has twelve strings arranged into four three-string courses; however, strings within each triple course are tuned in unison, giving either a C4 C4 C4 • E4 E4 E4 • A4 A4 A4 • D4 D4 D4 tuning (traditional), or a D4 D4 D4 • G4 G4 G4 • B4 B4 B4 • E4 E4 E4 tuning (modern). These differences give it a generally thinner, higher-pitched sound than the tiple Colombiano, even though most of its tuning is in the same range as the larger instrument. The requinto tiple uses a
155:
1183:
913:
tripled courses. It is typically built with many materials also used for guitars: the sound box for instance is often made of walnut or cedar and the neck is usually made of cedar. Frets were traditionally made of red or yellow copper, but in modern instruments brass or steel is more common. The stringing pattern constitutes one of the main differences between the
Colombian tiple and other chordophones such as the
357:
947:: D G B E. With the octave strings this gives: D4 D3 D4 • G4 G3 G4 • B4 B3 B4 • E4 E4 E4; however, the B4's in the second course can be problematic (e.g., strings break). To address this problem either the second course strings may all be tuned to unison B3's, or the instrument may be tuned a half-step or whole-step lower (essentially traditional tuning), and a
1148:"The secret of playing the tiple lies in the right hand. Producing the tones with the left hand in a more or less appropriate and fast way is something that even a paraplegic can achieve with acceptable efficacy. But to pamper it, caressing its strings in a loving way, stomp it creating wells of charming silence, to play it with bravado in
34:
912:
As a relative of the guitar the
Colombian tiple is similar in appearance although slightly smaller (about 18%) than a standard classical guitar. The typical fretboard scale is about 530 mm (just under 21 inches), and the neck joins the body at the 12th fret. There are 12 strings, grouped in four
714:
with the shape it is known today. After this time the
Colombian tiple maintains its current form but the manufacturing process improves over the years producing better quality tiples reaching a level of high quality such as the ones currently manufactured by Alberto Paredes in Bogota or Carlos Norato
611:
This wealth of theories may indicate that it's very likely that throughout the 19th century the tiple was already part of
Colombia's culture. There is no clear conclusion on where in Colombia the tiple first originated since the documentation is sketchy. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the tiple
1194:
Today the tiple is seen as an instrument linked to the folklore of rural
Colombia where it remains popular, although it has been used by modern players for other genres such as jazz. The tiple had humble beginnings as an instrument of people from lower economic classes. It became more important over
661:
The immediate predecessor of today's
Colombian tiple and requinto is the eight-string tiple. This is supported by evidence found among publications from 1868 and 1877 that intended to teach how to play such instruments. They were edited by Jose Eleuterio Suarez, Jose Viteri and Telesforo D'Aleman.
1165:
As of today the learning process varies and they are many. Since 1936 some methods have been published in the form of books or booklets. Many learn to play it from their parents and grandparents as part of a family tradition that in some cases is also a source of income as tiples are popular in
939:
Traditional tuning from lowest to highest course is C E A D. The outer two strings of each of course is tuned an octave higher than the middle string in the course, giving C4 C3 C4 • E4 E3 E4 • A4 A3 A4 • D4 D4 D4. An 18 or 19 fret fingerboard gives the tiple
Colombiano a range of about 2-2/3
684:
During the 20th century the tiple changed to its current appearance. In the first years of the 20th century, the tiple was still evolving. Makers added strings to keep the harmony of the notes, resulting in four courses: two strings - three strings - three strings - two strings.
1246:
At the southwestern of
Antioquia a small municipality became the first one in the country to include a tiple in its coat of arms. This is the result of many artists from this region who saw the tiple with endearment and embrace it as a symbol of their cultural heritage.
442:
the word tiple denotes an acute sound (treble). It also defines tiple as guitars of very acute sound; this, however, is contradictory as today's tiple can't be classified as an instrument of acute sound. The term tiple is also considered the
Spanish word for
619:. Historically it is difficult to say precisely what a tiple is since a number of chordophones have adopted such names over the centuries. There exists also the discrepancies in names given to the same instrument in different parts of Colombia. In his book,
1224:, a hat of cane of iraca that is maliciously tilted to one side, under the brim of a broken crown; it stayed always with them, I say, the fat bellied vihuela, tiple, always in company of the tambourine (in case a party were to take place)."
604:(Colombian dictionary of folklore). In it Davidson analyzes the concepts expressed by Añez about the paintings in Saint Ignace church and he concludes that there aren't enough sources to accept his theories and then he goes to affirm that
1265:. The American tiple, for example, created by the R.R. Martin Company in 1919, is sized closer to a tenor ukulele, and has ten strings, grouped 2-3-3-2. The modern variant most closely related to the Colombian tiple is the
1190:
The tiple is used for many traditional
Colombian musics including bambucos and pasillos, where it serves both as an accompanying instrument and for soloing. One of the prominent composer of tiple music is Pacho Benavides.
459:
Little is known about the beginnings of the Colombian tiple and its use in Colombia. The first accounts exist in an article published in 1849 by Jose Caicedo Rojas; in it he narrates a story that takes place in
1281:) is often simply called tiple requinto. This instrument is about 10-15% smaller than the tiple Colombiano, and is often made in more of a violin or "hourglass" shape (similar to the Puerto Rican
495:. In 1923 well known musician Guillermo Uribe Holguin cites Caicedo's writing during a conference in which he criticizes the Colombian tiple as a poorer version of the Spanish guitar by saying
1239:(Fruits of My Land) that the tiple was first mentioned. In that novel, he writes that the tiple was played by every artist whereas the guitars were still played only at the jockey club in
1206:
In reference to the social difference between the tiple and the guitar, Antonio Jose Restrepo wrote: "But was pervasive among the bronze-colored people, the ones with working cloth and
654:
Five string tiples are now relatively unknown, except for references in historic publications. The four string tiple, however, remains popular in Colombia's eastern plains and in
681:(Complete method to learn to play the tiple or bandola without a teacher) in which he explains how at the time some authors used the term bandola and tiple interchangeably.
849:
The first article describing a tiple is published. There are three varieties. One with four strings, one with five strings and one with eight strings all of them paired.
951:
placed on the first or second fret to bring the instrument back up to guitar pitch, or have a shorter scale length, and/or thinner strings like .007, .006, or .005.
587:"I believe the tiple was brought to us from the Canary Islands and I believe the first tiples were made at the settlements of Tamara, Morcote, Pauto and Tame in the
1141:
As with most chordophones of the guitar family, the Colombian tiple can be played either by strumming with the fingers or with a plectrum or a combination of both.
426:
where it is considered one of the national instruments. About three-fourths the size of a classical guitar, it has twelve strings set in four triple-strung
943:
Modern players often use an alternate tuning in which the courses are tuned a whole step higher, like the upper four strings of the modern guitar or like a
387:
343:
1725:
1227:
In Santander, by 1840 the tiple was still played in "third class dances"—parties for people of lower stock. It was usually accompanied by a
1720:
476:
the military after they became melancholic during a night of party. In the story he describes the tiple and how it was used to sing
69:
799:
Among the instruments of the Jesuit mission in Topaga it is found that vihuelas and discantes are different kind of instruments.
380:
282:
1195:
time, and eventually was accepted as an instrument on the level of the guitar. Demographically, the tiple was rooted to the
569:, it is played as an accompanying instrument...couldn't it be that our tiple is not but the evolution of a Canarian timple?"
549:
240:
671:
667:
138:
1426:
333:
194:
555:
Colombian historian Guillermo Hernandez de Alba gives in 1954 a totally different theory in an article published in
1200:
373:
439:
415:
958:
instrument (in the key of C), although it is, like the guitar, notated one octave higher than the actual sound.
1671:
615:
Today's Colombian tiple is the result of a lengthy modification of guitars brought by the conquistadors to the
328:
307:
220:
1289:, in that the first course is tuned to a lower pitch than some of the courses "below" it (see tuning table).
931:
Outside of Colombia the "copper" strings are more often standard brass or bronze wound steel guitar strings.
518:
486:
184:
809:
The tiple is mentioned for the first time in Popayan to designate a chordophone different from the guitar
746:
948:
245:
189:
1232:
90:
1436:
1421:
1282:
914:
537:
536:
idiom that indicates that by the year 1680 tiples were already sold at stores in the municipality of
469:
451:) which are very different instruments in size, stringing, tuning, sound, application and technique.
250:
199:
20:
1416:
634:
588:
302:
179:
146:
920:
1527:
1136:
260:
225:
174:
118:
1579:
1538:
606:"this instrument entered the historic heritage of Colombia at the beginning of the 19th century"
517:(Songs and memories) an observation made by professor Robert Pizano in which he points out that
1634:
1466:
1455:
829:
The Norato family establishes in the municipality of Chiquinquira as a manufacturer of tiples
541:
297:
287:
255:
235:
230:
74:
50:
1286:
1261:
A number of instruments bear the name "tiple", some of which are not closely related to the
944:
693:
502:
498:
497:"The tiple is a primitive form of the guitar, in other words, is a guitar without the notes
323:
154:
1182:
917:: the metal strings are laid out in 4 courses of 3 strings each (triple strung courses).
361:
1704:
521:
painter Gregorio Vasquez Ceballos painted some tiples in the hands of angels inside the
704:
562:
427:
1714:
955:
556:
477:
430:. It is played as a main instrument or as an accompanying instrument to the guitar.
338:
292:
215:
106:
1167:
700:
526:
447:. Traditional Colombian tiple should not be confused with the American tiple (aka
789:
of the Cathedral of Bogota to designate voices and instruments of an acute sound
19:
This article is about the Twelve-string tiple. For the Twelve-string guitar, see
1221:
786:
624:
98:
82:
627:
of Antioquia), author Antonio Jose Restrepo lists chordophones, including the:
1228:
1220:
hanging on the arm, eye of the peasant, sometimes barefooted, sometimes with
869:
Tiple continues with eight strings. The bandola adopts its pear-shaped shape.
726:
Timeline of the Colombian tiple (Click "show" or "hide" to toggle this table)
679:
Metodo completo para aprender a tocar tiple o bandola sin necesidad de maestro
666:(Easy method to learn the tones of a tiple) and can currently be found at the
461:
275:
265:
169:
703:
to a mechanical one with metal gears allowing the player to find the correct
699:
The final step towards today's tiple takes place in the switch from a wooden
1295:
Requinto Tiple strings layout (Click "show" or "hide" to toggle this table)
655:
616:
597:
473:
879:
D'Aleman method for learning to play ten and twelve strings is published.
1503:
1240:
1171:
759:
578:
423:
612:
is linked to the Spanish guitar and the timple from the Canary islands.
444:
1196:
772:
490:
489:
we have the tiple and the bandola.They are an imitation of the Spanish
465:
546:"guitars and tiples sold to multiply the happiness of the good people"
1212:, a bag plentiful of gossip, a machete tied to the waist, stick of
1208:
1149:
582:
566:
533:
510:
419:
1553:; Banco de la República, Departamento de Tall. Gráf.; Bogotá: 1970.
964:
Tiple strings layout (Click "show" or "hide" to toggle this table)
405:
60:
1431:
1256:
1181:
448:
270:
78:
1684:
Diccionario Folklorico de Colombia: Musica, Instrumentos y Danza
1203:
where it was looked down upon by the whites of unmixed heritage.
532:
Colombian historian priest Jose Ignacio Perdomo Escobar quotes a
548:. This is supported by information found in the archives at the
522:
33:
839:
First pictorial representations of tiples found in watercolors
573:
Researcher and composer Miguel Angel Martin writes in his book
1144:
Speaking of playing the Colombian tiple, Harry Davidson said:
889:
The tiple reaches its final configuration with twelve strings
715:
and Hernando Guzman in Cali among others around the country.
899:
First photograph of a tiple with mechanical machine heads.
650:
Tiple (meaning the older five string Colombian instrument)
688:
In 1915, writer Santos Cifuentes wrote an article titled
690:"Hacia el americanismo musical - La musica en Colombia"
483:
In his references to the tiple Rojas explains :
1564:
Hacia el Americanismo Musical: La música en Colombia
819:
The tiples are mentioned in numerous literary works
1599:; DamelPublishers; Bogota, Colombia: 1988. 208pp.
1186:
Artist Pedro Nel Martinez playing a Colombian tiple
117:
105:
89:
68:
56:
49:
677:In 1868 Jose Viteri publishes a collection called
1625:; Publ. del Banco de la Republica; Bogotá: 1970.
1623:Diccionario folklórico de Colombia: Ill, Volume 2
596:In 1970 Harry C. Davidson publishes an extensive
1591:
1589:
1587:
954:The Colombian tiple is considered essentially a
637:(meaning four, because it had only four strings)
1494:, 3rd ed.; Editorial ABC Bogota; Bogotá: 1963.
1686:; Banco de Republica; Bogoto, Colombia: 1970.
1610:Instrumentos Musicales del Folklore Colombiano
664:Metodo facil para aprender los tonos del tiple
381:
8:
565:they have a typical small instrument called
26:
1291:
960:
722:
388:
374:
133:
81:string chordophones usually played with a
1612:; Banco Popular; Bogota, Colombia: 1991.
1075:1 central copper or bronze wound string
1518:; Plaza y Janes; Barcelona: 1984. p49.
1448:
1038:1 central copper or steel wound string
315:
207:
161:
145:
1662:; Grupo Editorial Norma; Bogotá: 1997.
1481:; Impr. Nacional; Bogota: 1951. 485p.
662:The first one of this publications is
513:musician Jorge Añez cites in his book
25:
1467:CAPITULO PRIMERO | banrepcultural.org
1456:CAPITULO TERCERO | banrepcultural.org
7:
1635:CAPITULO OCTAVO | banrepcultural.org
1568:Correo Musical Sud-Americano I:37:8
745:Guitars and vihuelas arrive to the
710:A photograph from 1921 reveals the
1551:Diccionario Folclorico de Colombia
602:Diccionario Folclorico de Colombia
14:
1492:Historia de la Musica en Colombia
859:First learning method published.
785:The word tiple is printed on the
940:octaves, from C3 - G#5 (or A5).
674:of Bogota as historic material.
600:about the tiple within his book
355:
153:
32:
1649:; El Espectador; Bogotá: 1922.
1490:Escobar, Jose Ignacio Perdomo;
1095:2 plain steel strings on sides
1058:2 plain steel strings on sides
1021:2 plain steel strings on sides
91:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1277:The Colombian requinto tiple (
1112:1 central bronze wound string
775:in Tunja played by Jorge Voto
758:The word tiple appears in the
85:; sometimes by fingerpicking.)
1:
1726:Colombian musical instruments
923:says of the Colombian tiple:
1580:PARTE 4 | banrepcultural.org
1539:PARTE 3 | banrepcultural.org
1516:Música y folclor de Colombia
707:not unlike today's guitars.
1570:; Venezuela: December 1915.
1427:Stringed instrument tunings
771:It is known that there are
472:; about some soldiers that
1742:
1254:
1201:Viceroyalty of New Granada
1134:
18:
1721:Guitar family instruments
1305:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1279:tiple Colombiano requinto
1131:Playing a Colombian tiple
1091:
1054:
1017:
974:
971:
968:
963:
725:
416:plucked string instrument
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112:
31:
16:Plucked string instrument
1595:Zuluanga, David Puerta;
128:; American Tiple; Timple
621:Cancionero of Antioquia
1705:Colombian Andean Tiple
1514:López, Javier Ocampo;
1392:3 plain steel strings
1372:3 plain steel strings
1352:3 plain steel strings
1332:3 plain steel strings
1187:
747:New Kingdom of Granada
1658:Carrasquilla, Tomas;
1597:Los Caminos del Tiple
1479:Canciones y recuerdos
1185:
719:Timeline of the tiple
515:Canciones y recuerdos
1621:Davidson, Harry C.;
1549:Davidson, Harry C.;
1437:Twelve-string guitar
1422:Cuatro (Puerto Rico)
1233:Tomas Carrasquilla's
915:twelve string guitar
344:World Heritage Sites
21:Twelve-string guitar
1682:Davison, Harry C.;
1660:Frutos de mi tierra
1562:Cifuentes, Santos;
1528:DEL FOLCLOR LLANERO
1504:"Hitoria del Tiple"
1417:Cuatro (instrument)
1237:Frutos de mi tierra
575:Del Folclor llanero
550:Cathedral of Bogota
362:Colombia portal
147:Culture of Colombia
119:Related instruments
28:
1645:Caballero, Nieto;
1231:. It wasn't until
1199:population of the
1188:
1137:Fingerstyle guitar
760:American continent
696:, than a guitar.)
672:National Libraries
643:Vihuela brava (or
422:family, common in
1608:Morales, Abadia;
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905:
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668:Luis Angel Arango
544:. Such idiom was
542:Boyaca Department
525:of the church of
438:According to the
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75:String instrument
51:String instrument
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1699:Online resources
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1672:The Martin Tiple
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1389:d.Fourth course
1381:0.0075 to 0.009
1361:0.0065 to 0.007
1349:b.Second course
1306:Approx Diameter
1292:
1287:reentrant tuning
1263:tiple Colombiano
1092:d.Fourth course
1018:b.Second course
1001:3 steel strings
975:Approx Diameter
961:
945:Baritone ukulele
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712:"Colombian Lira"
694:baritone ukulele
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1404:0.229 to 0.304
1401:0.009 to 0.012
1384:0.191 to 0.229
1369:c.Third course
1364:0.165 to 0.178
1344:0.229 to 0.279
1341:0.009 to 0.011
1329:a.First course
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1259:
1253:
1180:
1163:
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1133:
1124:0.610 to 0.711
1121:0.024 to 0.028
1107:0.254 to 0.356
1104:0.010 to 0.014
1087:0.508 to 0.559
1084:0.020 to 0.022
1070:0.203 to 0.254
1067:0.008 to 0.010
1055:c.Third course
1033:0.168 to 0.229
1030:0.007 to 0.009
1013:0.229 to 0.305
1010:0.009 to 0.012
998:a.First course
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402:Colombian tiple
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27:Colombian tiple
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1273:Requinto Tiple
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1267:requinto tiple
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743:
739:
738:
735:
732:
728:
727:
720:
717:
652:
651:
648:
641:
638:
632:
583:eastern plains
563:Canary Islands
456:
453:
449:"Martin" tiple
435:
432:
410:, pronounced:
396:
395:
393:
392:
385:
378:
370:
367:
366:
365:
364:
349:
348:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
318:
317:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
210:
209:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
164:
163:
159:
158:
150:
149:
143:
142:
130:
129:
126:Tiple-requinto
122:
121:
115:
114:
110:
109:
103:
102:
93:
87:
86:
72:
70:Classification
66:
65:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
40:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1738:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:Añez, Jorge;
1474:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
986:
983:
981:
979:
978:
967:
962:
959:
957:
956:concert pitch
952:
950:
946:
941:
934:
932:
926:
925:
924:
922:
918:
916:
907:
901:
898:
895:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
854:
851:
848:
845:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
831:
828:
825:
824:
821:
818:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
795:
794:
791:
788:
784:
781:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
766:
763:
761:
757:
754:
753:
750:
748:
744:
741:
740:
736:
733:
730:
729:
724:
718:
716:
713:
708:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
682:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
659:
657:
649:
646:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:
628:
626:
622:
618:
613:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
590:
584:
580:
576:
571:
570:
568:
564:
558:
557:El Espectador
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
506:
504:
500:
494:
492:
488:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
454:
452:
450:
446:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:
404:(in Spanish:
403:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
353:
352:
351:
350:
345:
342:
340:
339:Miss Colombia
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:
314:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
206:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
108:
107:Playing range
104:
100:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
43:
35:
30:
22:
1683:
1678:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1550:
1545:
1534:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1473:
1462:
1451:
1324:millimeters
1315:Traditional
1278:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1236:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1164:
1153:
1143:
1140:
993:millimeters
984:Traditional
953:
942:
938:
930:
921:David Pelham
919:
911:
711:
709:
701:machine head
698:
689:
687:
683:
678:
676:
663:
660:
653:
644:
620:
614:
610:
605:
601:
595:
586:
585:) from 1978:
574:
572:
560:
554:
545:
531:
527:Saint Ignace
519:Neogranadine
514:
508:
496:
484:
482:
458:
437:
411:
406:
401:
399:
329:Coat of arms
308:Video gaming
221:Architecture
125:
61:
39:
38:
1222:espadrilles
1218:verraquillo
1154:torbellinos
908:Description
787:sheet music
625:Chansonnier
559:of Bogota.
487:New Granada
246:Handicrafts
185:Immigration
99:chordophone
97:(Composite
57:Other names
1715:Categories
1229:tambourine
866:1890–1901
816:1813–1870
742:1502–1550
511:Bogotanian
462:Chitaraque
276:Television
266:Newspapers
251:Literature
170:Colombians
77:(plucked,
1172:serenades
656:Venezuela
617:New World
598:monograph
581:from the
470:Santander
434:Etymology
283:Monuments
241:Festivals
190:Languages
1411:See also
1300:Quality
1251:Variants
1241:Medellin
1161:Learning
969:Quality
773:vihuelas
589:Casanare
579:Folklore
561:"At the
540:,in the
509:In 1951
474:deserted
424:Colombia
412:tee-pleh
293:Painting
200:Religion
195:Holidays
175:Folklore
139:a series
137:Part of
1321:inches
1318:Modern
1197:mestizo
1178:Culture
1150:joropos
990:inches
987:Modern
645:bandola
631:Vihuela
491:vihuela
466:San Gil
464:, near
455:History
428:courses
418:of the
414:) is a
316:Symbols
303:Theater
231:Cuisine
180:History
162:Society
113:C3 - A5
95:321.322
1303:Sound
1283:cuatro
1235:novel
1214:guasco
1050:0.457
1047:0.018
972:Sound
935:Tuning
737:Image
734:Event
705:tuning
640:Guitar
635:Cuatro
567:timple
538:Topaga
534:Jesuit
478:coplas
445:treble
420:guitar
334:Anthem
298:Sports
261:Cinema
226:Cinema
208:Topics
141:on the
1443:Notes
1432:Tiple
1257:Tiple
1209:ruana
1168:trios
896:1916
886:1915
876:1907
856:1868
846:1849
836:1845
826:1818
806:1746
796:1645
782:1585
768:1571
755:1542
731:Year
505:(...)
407:tiple
288:Music
271:Radio
256:Media
236:Dance
79:metal
62:tiple
41:tiple
1152:and
949:capo
670:and
523:dome
501:and
485:"In
400:The
324:Flag
83:pick
1398:D4
1395:C4
1378:G4
1375:E4
1358:B4
1355:A4
1338:E4
1335:D4
1216:or
1170:or
1118:D3
1115:C3
1101:D4
1098:C4
1081:G3
1078:E3
1064:G4
1061:E4
1044:B3
1041:A3
1027:B4
1024:A4
1007:E4
1004:D4
440:RAE
216:Art
1717::
1586:^
1566:;
1269:.
1243:.
1174:.
658:.
608:.
593:.
552:.
529:.
480:.
468:,
1707:.
647:)
623:(
591:"
577:(
503:A
499:E
493:"
389:e
382:t
375:v
101:)
23:.
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