284:
1122:
note that "The
College is second only to Harvard University in actual operation." Since William & Mary describes itself as "America's second-oldest college" and gives its year of founding as 1693, it does not seem to be suggesting institutional continuity with the University of Henrico, rather, W&M is providing historical perspective. However, this depends upon the orientation and competitiveness of the administration at any given time, for instance, when a Harvard grad is President, Wm & M is presented as "second college", but when Va grad is president, it is "the first college in its roots".. (This original college has been revived, in 1992, as "Henricus Colledge (1619), America's 1st College.".) William & Mary has a published list of its early graduates by its
430:
1179:
in 1746. The premise for this revised founding date was that the
Academy of Philadelphia purchased the building and assumed the educational mandate of an inactive trust which had originally hoped to open a charity school for indigent children. This was part of a 1740 project that had been planned to comprise both a church and school though, due to insufficient funding, only the church was built and even it was never put into use. The dormant church building was conveyed to the Academy of Philadelphia in 1750. To further complicate the comparison of founding dates, Princeton University has historical ties to an older college. Five of the twelve members of Princeton's first board of trustees were very closely associated with a "
234:
626:
1237:. The school was to have operated inside a church supported by the same group of adherents. But the organizers ran short of financing and, although the frame of the building was raised, the interior was left unfinished. The founders of the Academy of Philadelphia purchased the unused building in 1750 for their new venture and, in the process, assumed the original trust. Since 1899, Penn has claimed a founding date of 1740, based on the organizational date of the charity school and the premise that it had institutional identity with the Academy of Philadelphia. Whitefield was a firebrand
1023:
574:
327:
526:
1009:
1757:... The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania ... by these our present letters and charter altered and changed ... shall be one community, corporation, and body politick, to have continuance for ever, by the name of The Trustees of the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, in the Province of Pennsylvania; ... in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-five.
33:
1233:." Starting in 1751, the same trustees also operated a Charity School for Boys, whose curriculum combined "general principles of Christianity" with practical instruction leading toward careers in business and the "mechanical arts", and thus might be described as "non-denominational Christian." The charity school was originally planned and a trust was organized on paper in 1740 by followers of traveling evangelist
478:
1037:
382:
1207:) and there was a considerable overlap in their boards of trustees, some historians suggest that there is sufficient connection between this school and the College of New Jersey which would enable Princeton to claim a founding date of 1726. However, Princeton does not officially do so and a university historian says that the "facts do not warrant" such a claim.
1935:
Colony, on March 12, 1764. ... Although the
Charter states that it "shall be signed by the Governor and Secretary," this procedure was not ordinarily required to validate an act of the Assembly ... Consequently, the founding of Brown University dates from 1764 and not the time of the signature in 1765.
2001:
In testimony whereof, we have caused these our letters to be made patent, and the public seal of our said province of New
Hampshire to be hereunto affixed. Witness our trusty and well beloved John Wentworth, Esquire, Governor and commander-in-chief in and over our said province, , this thirteenth day
1344:
that was passed by the assembly on
February 28, 1787. The school's charter was altered in 1819 to grant it university status and conferring on it the name of the Western University of Pennsylvania. The university received its current name, the University of Pittsburgh, with a subsequent alteration to
1296:
Penn and
Columbia," but adds that at the time it was "the only one that welcomed students of all religious persuasions." Brown's charter stated that "into this liberal and catholic institution shall never be admitted any religious tests, but on the contrary, all the members hereof shall forever enjoy
1318:
voted to offer it a grant of land. The institution received a royal charter on
December 13, 1769 and its students moved from Columbia to Hanover during October 1770. The first degrees were awarded in August 1771. Queen's College, although granted a charter earlier, began operation during 1771, after
1178:
would place visiting dignitaries and other officials in the order of their institution's founding dates. Four years later in 1899, Penn's board of trustees voted to retroactively revise the university's founding date from 1749 to 1740 in order to become older than
Princeton, which had been chartered
1121:
had begun operation by 1622, when the town was destroyed in a Native
American raid. A page on their website says "The College of William & Mary was the first college planned for the United States. Its roots go back to the College proposed at Henrico in 1619." However, it immediately proceeds to
1934:
The next copy appears on pages 110–116 of the official records of the
February Session, 1764, of the Assembly, known as the Schedules or the Acts, Resolves and Reports, which were printed at Newport by Samuel Hall and authenticated by the signature of the Secretary, Henry Ward, and the seal of the
1156:
There is some disagreement about Penn's date of founding as the university has never used its legal charter date for this purpose and, in addition, took the unusual step of changing its official founding date approximately 150 years after the fact. The first meeting of the founding trustees of the
1911:
Originally located in Warren, Rhode Island, and called the College of Rhode Island, Brown moved to its current spot on College Hill overlooking Providence in 1770 and was renamed in 1804 in recognition of a $ 5,000 gift from Nicholas Brown, a prominent Providence businessman and alumnus, Class of
1270:
is known as the "Quaker Consortium.") But Penn's website does not assert any formal affiliation with Quakerism, historic or otherwise, and Haverford College implicitly asserts a non-Quaker origin for Penn when it states that "Founded in 1833, Haverford is the oldest institution of higher learning
1173:
was granted in 1755. Penn initially designated 1750 as its founding date. Sometime later in its early history, Penn began to refer to 1749 instead. The school considered 1749 to be its founding date for more than a century until, in 1895, elite universities in the United States agreed that formal
1591:
Witness our Trusty and well beloved'James De Lancey, Esq., our Lieutenant Governor, and Commander in chief in and over our Province of New York ... this thirty first day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and fifty four, and of our Reign the twenty
1971:
While neither the original charter of Queen's College, nor any copy of it, is known to be in existence, it is known that it was granted on November 10, 1766, in the name of King George the Third by His Excellency William Franklin, Governor of the Province of New
1101:). Nothing further was done about actually creating a school until 1638, when in his will John Harvard bequeathed money and books to the yet-uncreated college. Construction began shortly thereafter on a school that was given the name of its first benefactor.
676:
Several other colleges and universities can be traced to colonial-era "academies" or "schools", but are not considered colonial colleges because they were not formally chartered as colleges with degree-granting powers until after the formation of the
1220:
and the Academy of Philadelphia's nonsectarian board of trustees: "The goal of Franklin's nonsectarian, practical plan would be the education of a business and governing class rather than of clergymen.". Jencks and Riesman (2001) write: "The
1257:
University, emphasizing its own pioneering nonsectarianism, refers to Penn's origin as "Episcopalian". Penn is sometimes assumed to have Quaker ties (its athletic teams are called "Quakers," and the cross-registration alliance between Penn,
2068:
2223:
1547:, Holt, 1885, Volume 1, pp. 6, 9, 13. Nathaniel Chauncey, a Harvard BA Graduate, was awarded an honorary MA in 1702 (p. 9); John Hart was awarded an earned BA as "the first actual student in the College" (p. 13).
2337:
1785:
pp. 314–315, " "The Anglicans who founded the University of Pennsylvania, however, were evidently anxious not to alienate Philadelphia's Quakers, and they made their new college officially nonsectarian."
1297:
full, free, absolute, and uninterrupted liberty of conscience." The charter further required that its president and twenty-two of the thirty-six trustees be Baptists, and that the remainder consist of "five
2216:
144:, it was a private institution, but it suffered significant damage during the Civil War and began to receive public support in the 1880s. William & Mary officially became a public college in 1906.
1332:
as well as a subsequent fire in 1849, it is known that the school began its life as a preparatory academy, possibly as early as 1770, or at some point in the 1780s. Presumably starting its life in a
2209:
1568:
A Charter to Incorporate Sundry Persons to found a College pass'd the Great Seal of this Province of New Jersey ... the 22d October, 1746 ... The Charter thus mentioned has been lost ...
681:
in 1776. Listed below are the founding dates of the schools which served as predecessor entities and the years in which they were chartered to operate an institution of higher learning.
1391:
62:
2262:
2306:
1055:
2283:
2267:
544:
283:
1412:
In witness whereof, the Court hath caused the seal of the colony to be hereunto affixed. Dated the one and thirtieth day of the third month, called May, anno 1650.
2288:
1147:
for men. In 1906 it became a public, non-sectarian school with the college's royal charter still in effect, except where superseded by state or federal laws.
2257:
2130:
1473:
714:
429:
167:
Seven of the nine colonial colleges began their histories as institutions of higher learning, while two were developed by existing preparatory schools.
1850:
2332:
1097:
The institution was founded in 1636 by a vote of the legislature of the colony to provide money for "a school or college" at Newtowne (the present
2017:
1195:
from 1726 until 1746. Because the College of New Jersey and the Log College shared the same religious affiliation (a moderate element within the "
1984:
1821:
1607:, edited by Herbert and Carol Schneider, New York: Columbia University Press, 1929, Volume 4, pp. 244, 246 Nine students matriculated this year.
2041:
1795:
2093:
1732:
1706:
1778:
1118:
1050:
1333:
1407:
1876:
1677:
1196:
148:
1678:"Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library : FAQ Princeton University vs. University of Pennsylvania: Which is the older institution?"
233:
1293:
1110:
1066:
2123:
2099:
1629:
1582:
Charters, acts and official documents together with the lease and re-lease by Trinity church of a portion of the King's farm
1532:
By the Gov, in Council & Representatives of his Maj Colony of Connecticut in Gen Court Assembled, New-Haven, Oct 9: 1701
1314:. The collegiate department was being described in writing as "Dartmouth College" by January of 1769, when the Township of
625:
2252:
1498:
1416:
1139:, the College ceased to enroll students in 1882 due to attendant financial pressures. Students returned in 1888 after the
837:
1962:
Rutgers College: The celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its founding as Queens College, 1766–1916
2185:
290:
117:
1365:
1430:
975:
1216:
Penn's website, like other sources, makes an important point of Penn's heritage being nonsectarian, associated with
2327:
2170:
2116:
1192:
1158:
931:
870:
489:
180:
90:
1113:
sometimes asserts a connection with an attempt to found a "University of Henrico" at Henricopolis (also known as
638:
155:. It changed its name to Rutgers College in 1825 and was designated as the State University of New Jersey after
1481:
1329:
1140:
1098:
956:
902:
894:
781:
496:
252:
53:
1447:
172:
1854:
1337:
1229:, and they made their new college officially nonsectarian." Franklin himself was a self-described "thorough
1169:
1163:
188:
184:
1225:
who founded the University of Pennsylvania, however, were evidently anxious not to alienate Philadelphia's
1490:
1315:
1078:
805:
592:
400:
1311:
1072:
1042:
864:
659:
609:
573:
369:
272:
152:
326:
60:. These nine have long been considered together, notably since the survey of their origins in the 1907
1924:
1310:
Dartmouth College began operating during 1768 as the collegiate department of Moor's School (1754) in
2201:
2175:
1988:
1825:
1060:
1028:
1014:
752:
721:
448:
393:
106:
82:
1799:
2155:
1741:
1710:
1175:
774:
525:
441:
137:
113:
86:
57:
179:. Dartmouth considers its founding date to be 1769, when it was granted a collegiate charter. The
2180:
2165:
1966:
1586:
1494:
1263:
1136:
981:
844:
745:
585:
345:
296:
245:
141:
125:
102:
74:
1486:
Witness our-selves, at Westminster, the eighth day of February, in the fourth year of our reign.
1167:
began in August 1751. Undergraduate education for men began after a collegiate charter for the
2160:
1774:
1285:
1267:
1259:
1246:
1234:
1217:
1200:
950:
881:
732:
632:
513:
465:
313:
168:
98:
49:
1681:
1563:
187:, and added an institution of higher education in 1755 with the granting of a charter to the
2150:
537:
176:
94:
45:
1880:
1796:"Overview of holdings, University Archives, University of Pennsylvania University Archives"
1117:) in the Colony of Virginia, which received a charter in 1618; but only a small school for
2190:
2073:. Pittsburgh, PA: Alumni Association of the Western University of Pennsylvania. p. 36
1545:
Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College: with annals of the college history
1434:
1242:
1204:
1188:
1184:
942:
855:
823:
812:
792:
338:
78:
1960:
1580:
1366:"Presidents, professors, and politics: the colonial colleges and the American revolution"
1822:"The Charity School in the 18th century, University of Pennsylvania University Archives"
32:
2321:
1557:
1144:
924:
678:
133:
477:
1524:
1341:
1289:
1123:
992:
967:
417:
156:
1633:
1630:"Table of Contents, Penn History, University of Pennsylvania University Archives"
1655:
1250:
1180:
17:
1616:
1340:
sought and obtained a charter for the school from the state legislature of the
2233:
2002:
of December, in the tenth year of our reign, and in the year of our Lord 1769.
1004:
129:
70:
1238:
1222:
613:
381:
1948:
Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges
1851:"Welcome to the Office of College Admission | Undergraduate Admission"
1428:
2019:
Annual catalog of the Western University of Pennsylvania, Year Ending 1905
1114:
121:
1387:
2237:
1298:
1281:
1226:
655:
561:
365:
269:
1902:
2108:
2048:. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Teachers Association, Inc.: 25 May 1928
1605:
Samuel Johnson, President of King's College; His Career and Writings
1451:
1328:
Although most early records of the university were destroyed in the
1161:
took place in November 1749. Secondary instruction for boys at the
1230:
31:
2095:
Through one hundred and fifty years: the University of Pittsburgh
27:
Nine oldest institutions of higher education in the United States
1562:. Princeton, NJ: The Princeton University Press. 1906. pp.
1559:
The Charters and By-Laws of the Trustees of Princeton University
151:, and was for much of its history privately affiliated with the
2205:
2112:
1512:
Essays in the History of the Book, Univ of Massachusetts Press
69:
Seven of the nine colonial colleges became seven of the eight
112:
The two colonial colleges not in the Ivy League are now both
175:, a secondary school started in 1754 by Dartmouth founder
147:
Rutgers was founded in 1766 as Queen's College, named for
2338:
History of universities and colleges in the United States
1585:. New York, Printed for the College. June 1895. pp.
1415:
May was referred to as the third month because the year
1393:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
1075:, oldest universities founded during the Empire of Japan
171:
began operating in 1768 as the collegiate department of
63:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
1245:; since the Methodists did not formally break from the
2022:. Western University of Pennsylvania. 1905. p. 27
1478:
Swem Library Special Collections Research Center Wiki
2307:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
2276:
2245:
1056:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
183:began operating in 1751 as a secondary school, the
1301:, four Congregationalists, and five Episcopalians"
1063:, oldest universities in Great Britain and Ireland
1680:. Princeton.edu. November 6, 2007. Archived from
1249:until 1784, Whitefield in 1740 would be labelled
545:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
1656:"Gazette: Building Penn's Brand (Sept/Oct 2002)"
1525:"The Yale Corporation: Charter and Legislation"
564:(but no religious requirement for admissions)
2217:
2124:
1701:
1699:
1157:secondary school which eventually became the
1143:authorized $ 10,000 for it to become a state
8:
1769:Jencks, Christopher; Riesman, David (2001).
1619:, Columbia University. Referenced 05.10.2011
1388:"XXIII. Education. § 13. Colonial Colleges."
2012:
2010:
2224:
2210:
2202:
2131:
2117:
2109:
826:, but officially non-sectarian after 1769
683:
468:with a commitment to "religious liberty."
193:
1965:. : The College. May 1917. p.
1845:
1843:
1734:Additional Charter of the College, &c
1319:Dartmouth College began awarding degrees.
1280:Brown's website characterizes it as "the
101:. (The remaining Ivy League institution,
1950:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, p. 192
1336:on what was then the nation's frontier,
1709:. Etcweb1.princeton.edu. Archived from
1356:
1090:
105:, was founded in 1865). These are all
2070:First Alumni Year Book: Our University
1903:"Two and a half centuries of history"
1497:'s reign began on February 13, 1689 (
1051:First university in the United States
7:
1824:. Archives.upenn.edu. Archived from
1798:. Archives.upenn.edu. Archived from
1740:. 1791. pp. 1–7. Archived from
1632:. Archives.upenn.edu. Archived from
1271:with Quaker roots in North America."
1183:" operated by Presbyterian minister
1510:Hall, David D., Cultures of Print:
1446:The College of William & Mary.
1853:. Brown University. Archived from
1081:, oldest universities in Australia
25:
1111:The College of William & Mary
1069:, oldest universities in Scotland
140:. Between the Revolution and the
36:Map of the nine colonial colleges
2333:History of the Thirteen Colonies
1067:Ancient universities of Scotland
1035:
1021:
1007:
624:
572:
524:
476:
428:
380:
325:
282:
232:
136:institution from 1693 until the
2289:Spanish Philippines (1589–1898)
2067:Holland, William Jacob (1893).
1926:The Charter of Brown University
1879:. Haverford.edu. Archived from
858:, but officially non-sectarian
2100:University of Pittsburgh Press
2092:Starrett, Agnes Lynch (1937).
672:Other colonial-era foundations
1:
2294:Thirteen Colonies (1636–1769)
838:Washington and Lee University
749:when the latter was founded)
718:when the latter was founded)
689:present name, where different
291:College of William & Mary
118:College of William & Mary
2284:Hispanic America (1538–1812)
2258:Early modern age (1501–1800)
1448:"William & Mary – About"
1342:Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
516:but officially nonsectarian
420:but officially nonsectarian
224:Primary religious influence
2263:Late modern age (1801–1945)
1985:"Dartmouth College Charter"
1617:A Brief History of Columbia
1543:Dexter, Franklin Bowditch,
132:. William & Mary was a
52:before the founding of the
2354:
2046:Pittsburgh School Bulletin
1773:. Transaction Publishers.
1433:February 20, 2006, at the
1193:Bucks County, Pennsylvania
1159:University of Pennsylvania
932:Province of North Carolina
871:Province of South Carolina
490:University of Pennsylvania
273:(Congregational)/Unitarian
204:present name, if different
181:University of Pennsylvania
163:The nine colonial colleges
91:University of Pennsylvania
2302:
2146:
1877:"About Haverford College"
1364:Stoeckel, Althea (1976).
769:Bethlehem Female Seminary
639:Province of New Hampshire
44:are nine institutions of
2268:Contemporary (post-1945)
1450:. Wm.edu. Archived from
1141:Commonwealth of Virginia
957:Province of Pennsylvania
903:Province of Pennsylvania
895:University of Pittsburgh
782:Province of Pennsylvania
699:
696:
497:Province of Pennsylvania
253:Massachusetts Bay Colony
226:
217:
214:
211:
54:United States of America
1771:The Academic Revolution
1338:Hugh Henry Brackenridge
1170:College of Philadelphia
1164:Academy of Philadelphia
740:Kent County Free School
532:College of Rhode Island
484:College of Philadelphia
189:College of Philadelphia
185:Academy of Philadelphia
2253:Middle Ages (pre-1500)
1316:Hanover, New Hampshire
1079:Sandstone universities
976:Hampden–Sydney College
806:University of Delaware
593:Province of New Jersey
401:Province of New Jersey
37:
1991:on September 27, 2015
1408:"The Charter of 1650"
1370:Conspectus of History
1312:Columbia, Connecticut
1073:Imperial Universities
1043:British Empire portal
865:College of Charleston
709:King William's School
388:College of New Jersey
173:Moor's Charity School
153:Dutch Reformed Church
35:
1946:Hoeveler, David J.,
1932:. 1945. p. 30.
1636:on February 25, 2012
1345:its charter in 1908.
1241:associated with the
1176:academic processions
1061:Ancient universities
1029:North America portal
1015:United States portal
919:Little Girls' School
753:Province of Maryland
722:Province of Maryland
703:Religious influence
449:Province of New York
394:Princeton University
107:private universities
1883:on February 4, 2012
1857:on February 8, 2011
1205:Presbyterian Church
1135:In the wake of the
775:Moravian University
442:Columbia University
138:American Revolution
114:public universities
58:American Revolution
2232:Lists of European
2186:William & Mary
2098:. Pittsburgh, PA:
1489:The first year of
1330:Great Fire of 1845
1288:Yale and Harvard;
1137:American Civil War
982:Colony of Virginia
889:Pittsburgh Academy
845:Colony of Virginia
746:Washington College
715:St. John's College
586:Rutgers University
346:Connecticut Colony
297:Colony of Virginia
246:Harvard University
218:First instruction
142:American Civil War
126:Rutgers University
103:Cornell University
38:
2328:Colonial colleges
2315:
2314:
2199:
2198:
2140:Colonial colleges
1802:on April 28, 2006
1780:978-0-7658-0115-9
1684:on March 19, 2003
1603:Johnson, Samuel,
1484:on May 29, 2012.
1417:began on March 25
1286:Congregationalist
1247:Church of England
1235:George Whitefield
1218:Benjamin Franklin
998:
997:
951:Dickinson College
882:Church of England
733:Church of England
669:
668:
633:Dartmouth College
514:Church of England
466:Church of England
359:1702 honorary MA
333:Collegiate School
314:Church of England
200:Colonial college
169:Dartmouth College
50:Thirteen Colonies
48:chartered in the
42:colonial colleges
16:(Redirected from
2345:
2226:
2219:
2212:
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2119:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2089:
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2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1987:. Archived from
1981:
1975:
1974:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1907:Brown University
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1828:on June 20, 2006
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:on March 4, 2016
1746:
1739:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1713:on March 4, 2016
1703:
1694:
1693:
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1674:
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1652:
1646:
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1570:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1488:
1480:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1443:
1437:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1396:. June 14, 2022.
1384:
1378:
1377:
1361:
1346:
1326:
1320:
1308:
1302:
1278:
1272:
1214:
1208:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1119:Native Americans
1108:
1102:
1095:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1017:
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1011:
1010:
694:Colony or state
684:
628:
576:
538:Brown University
528:
480:
432:
384:
329:
286:
236:
194:
177:Eleazar Wheelock
46:higher education
21:
18:Colonial Academy
2353:
2352:
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2077:December 21,
2075:. Retrieved
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2052:December 22,
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2026:December 21,
2024:. Retrieved
2018:
2000:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1979:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1906:
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1887:February 19,
1885:. Retrieved
1881:the original
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1859:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1832:February 19,
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1826:the original
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1806:February 19,
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1711:the original
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1634:the original
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1482:the original
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1458:February 19,
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
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1411:
1402:
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1382:
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1324:
1306:
1294:Episcopalian
1290:Presbyterian
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1251:Episcopalian
1212:
1187:and his son
1168:
1162:
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1131:
1124:Swem Library
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993:Presbyterian
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856:Presbyterian
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712:(absorbed by
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688:
675:
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435:
418:Presbyterian
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157:World War II
146:
111:
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1658:. Upenn.edu
1491:William III
1181:Log College
227:Ivy League
56:during the
2322:Categories
1352:References
1284:answer to
1264:Swarthmore
700:Chartered
215:Chartered
130:New Jersey
71:Ivy League
2176:Princeton
2161:Dartmouth
1334:log cabin
1268:Bryn Mawr
1260:Haverford
1239:Methodist
1223:Anglicans
1201:New Light
1099:Cambridge
614:Calvinist
99:Dartmouth
83:Princeton
2277:Colonies
2238:colleges
2156:Columbia
1530:. 1976.
1431:Archived
1376:(3): 45.
1197:New Side
1115:Henricus
1001:See also
697:Founded
361:1703 BA
212:Founded
122:Virginia
87:Columbia
2181:Rutgers
2166:Harvard
1972:Jersey.
1592:eighth.
1495:Mary II
1299:Friends
1282:Baptist
1227:Quakers
1189:Gilbert
656:Puritan
562:Baptist
366:Puritan
270:Puritan
209:Colony
75:Harvard
2246:Europe
2240:by era
1777:
1199:" or "
907:1770?
197:Image
97:, and
2151:Brown
1930:(PDF)
1912:1786.
1745:(PDF)
1738:(PDF)
1589:–24.
1566:–20.
1528:(PDF)
1255:Brown
1231:Deist
1086:Notes
989:1783
986:1775
964:1783
961:1773
939:1866
936:1772
910:1787
878:1785
875:1770
852:1782
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820:1833
817:1743
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760:1782
757:1723
729:1784
726:1696
652:1771
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603:1771
600:1766
597:1766
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555:1765
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510:1757
507:1755
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453:1754
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411:1747
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353:1701
350:1701
310:1694
307:1694
304:1693
301:1693
266:1642
263:1642
260:1650
257:1636
134:royal
116:—the
95:Brown
2236:and
2191:Yale
2171:Penn
2079:2009
2054:2009
2028:2009
1997:2014
1889:2012
1863:2012
1834:2012
1808:2012
1775:ISBN
1753:2014
1719:2012
1690:2012
1664:2012
1642:2012
1499:N.S.
1493:and
1460:2012
1266:and
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567:Yes
519:Yes
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320:No
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