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quickly, the people were likely to turn to Son Ngoc Thanh and the Khmer
Issarak, who were fully committed to attaining that goal. At meetings with the French president and with other high officials, Sihanouk was suggested as being unduly "alarmist" about internal political conditions. The French also made the thinly veiled threat that, if he continued to be uncooperative, they might replace him. The trip appeared to be a failure, but on his way home by way of the United States, Canada, and Japan, Sihanouk publicised Cambodia's plight in the media.
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united only in their opposition to legislation sponsored by the king or his appointees. A major issue was the king's receptivity to independence within the French Union, proposed in a draft treaty offered by the French in late 1948. Following dissolution of the
National Assembly in September 1949, agreement on the pact was reached through an exchange of letters between King Sihanouk and the French government. It went into effect two months later, though National Assembly ratification of the treaty was never secured.
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1658:. Power was concentrated in the hands of a popularly elected National Assembly. The king reluctantly proclaimed the new constitution on 6 May 1947. While it recognised him as the "spiritual head of the state," it reduced him to the status of a constitutional monarch, and it left unclear the extent to which he could play an active role in the politics of the nation. Sihanouk would turn this ambiguity to his advantage in later years, however.
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1605:," they envisioned Indochina's participation in a French Union of former colonies that shared the common experience of French culture. Neither the urban professional elites nor the common people, however, were attracted by this arrangement. For Cambodians of practically all walks of life, the brief period of independence, from March to October 1945, had been enjoyable. The lassitude of the Khmer was a thing of the past.
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comprising
Battambang and Siemreab provinces, which had been recovered from Thailand after World War II, but which the French, hard-pressed elsewhere, did not have the resources to control. Cambodia was still required to co-ordinate foreign policy matters with the High Council of the French Union, however, and France retained a significant measure of control over the judicial system, finances, and customs.
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1632:) loyal to Son Ngoc Thanh, and plain bandits taking advantage of the chaos to terrorise villagers. Though their fortunes rose and fell during the immediate postwar period (a major blow was the overthrow of a left-wing friendly government in Bangkok in 1947), by 1954 the Khmer Issarak operating with the Viet Minh by some estimates controlled as much as 50 percent of Cambodia's territory.
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1353:, originally Cambodian territory until the latter part of the 18th century. The acquirement of these provinces would be the last phase of French territorial expansion in Indochina as Siam would later co-operate with the British in the region, who feared uncontrolled French expansion and control of Siam would upset the balance of powers in Indochina.
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Cambodians paid the highest taxes per capita among the French colonies in
Indochina. Poor and sometimes unstable administration in the early years of French rule in Cambodia meant infrastructure and urbanisation grew at a much lesser rate than in Vietnam and traditional social structures in villages still remained.
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1640:, led by Prince Sisowath Yuthevong, espoused immediate independence, democratic reforms, and parliamentary government. Its supporters were teachers, civil servants, politically active members of the Buddhist clergy, and others whose opinions had been greatly influenced by the nationalistic appeals of
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where Oknha
Kralahom "Kong" led the resistance. French forces later aided Norodom to defeat Si Votha under agreements that the Cambodian population be disarmed and acknowledge the resident-general as the highest power in the protectorate. Oknha Kralahom "Kong" was called back to Phnom Penh to discuss
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Sihanouk was making a high-stakes gamble, for the French could easily have replaced him with a more pliable monarch; however, the military situation was deteriorating throughout
Indochina, and the French government, on 3 July 1953, declared itself ready to grant full independence to the three states
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To further dramatise his "royal crusade for independence," Sihanouk declared that he would not return until the French gave assurances that full independence would be granted. He then left Phnom Penh in June to go into self-imposed exile in
Thailand. Unwelcome in Bangkok, he moved to his royal villa
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In March 1953, Sihanouk went to France. Ostensibly, he was travelling for his health; actually, he was mounting an intensive campaign to persuade the French government to grant complete independence. The climate of opinion in
Cambodia at the time was such that if he did not achieve full independence
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As the French automobile industry grew, rubber plantations like the ones already in
Cochinchina and Annam were built and run by French investors. Economic diversification continued throughout the 1920s, when corn and cotton crops were also grown. Despite economic expansion and investment, Cambodians
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Originally serving as a buffer territory for France between its more important
Vietnamese colonies and Siam, Cambodia was not initially seen as an economically important area. The colonial government's budget originally relied largely on tax collections in Cambodia as its main source of revenue, and
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Cambodia, though they were still viewed as god-kings by the peasant population. All other power was in the hands of the Resident-General and the colonial bureaucracy. This bureaucracy was formed mostly of French officials, and the only Asians freely permitted to participate in government were ethnic
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In the December 1947 elections for the National Assembly, the Democrats again won a large majority. Despite this, dissension within the party was rampant. Its founder, Sisowath Yuthevong, had died and no clear leader had emerged to succeed him. During the period 1948 to 1949, the Democrats appeared
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In June 1952, Sihanouk announced the dismissal of his cabinet, suspended the constitution, and assumed control of the government as prime minister. Then, without clear constitutional sanction, he dissolved the National Assembly and proclaimed martial law in January 1953. Sihanouk exercised direct
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The treaty granted Cambodia what Sihanouk called "fifty percent independence": by it, the colonial relationship was formally ended, and the Cambodians were given control of most administrative functions. Cambodian armed forces were granted freedom of action within a self-governing autonomous zone
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The Democrats won a majority in the second National Assembly election in September 1951, and they continued their policy of opposing the king on practically all fronts. In an effort to win greater popular approval, Sihanouk asked the French to release nationalist Son Ngoc Thanh from exile and to
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In regards to non-British colonies in Asia, Roosevelt and Stalin had decided in Tehran that the French and the Dutch would not return to Asia after the war. Roosevelt's untimely death before the war's end, was followed by developments very different from what Roosevelt had envisaged. The British
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was no longer fit to rule and asked for permission to assume the king's powers to collect taxes, issue decrees, and even appoint royal officials and choose crown princes. From that time, Norodom and the future kings of Cambodia were figureheads and merely were patrons of the Buddhist religion in
1651:, represented the interests of the old rural elites, including large landowners. They preferred continuing some form of the colonial relationship with France, and advocated gradual democratic reform. In the Consultative Assembly election held in September 1946, the Democrats won 50 of 67 seats.
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Control of wartime military operations outside the autonomous zone remained in French hands. France was also permitted to maintain military bases on Cambodian territory. In 1950 Cambodia was accorded diplomatic recognition by the United States and by most non-communist powers, but in Asia only
1299:, whose branch of the royal family was nationalistic but more cooperative with the French than Norodom's. Likewise, Norodom was viewed as responsible for the constant Cambodian revolts against French rule. Another reason was that Norodom's favourite son, whom he wanted to succeed him as king,
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The French yielded: the police and the judiciary were transferred to Cambodian control at the end of August, and in October the country assumed full command of its military forces. King Sihanouk, now a hero in the eyes of his people, returned to Phnom Penh in triumph and independence day was
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remained relatively quiet during much of French rule mostly due to lesser education influence, which caused literacy rates remain low and prevented nationalist movements like those taking place in Vietnam. However, among the French-educated Cambodian elite, the Western ideas of democracy and
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who considered him a French collaborator. During the tumultuous period between 1946 and 1953, Sihanouk displayed the remarkable aptitude for political survival that sustained him before and after his fall from power in March 1970. The Khmer Issarak was an extremely heterogeneous
1685:(Khmer Awake!) a weekly newspaper that he had founded. The newspaper was forced to cease publication in March, and Son Ngoc Thanh fled the capital with a few armed followers to join the Khmer Issarak. Branded alternately a communist and an agent of the United States
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back to the now French-controlled Cambodia. The accord acknowledged French control over Vietnam (including the colony of Cochinchina and the protectorates of Annam and Tonkin), Cambodia, as well as Laos, which was added in 1893 following French victory in the
1726:, formerly a right-wing politician who was becoming a prominent, and in time would be an indispensable Sihanouk ally within the military. From his Siemreab base, the king and Lon Nol contemplated plans for resistance if the French did not meet their terms.
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and French influence over eastern Siam. The French government also later placed new administrative posts in the colony and began to develop it economically while introducing French culture and language to locals as part of an assimilation program.
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In 1946, France allowed the Cambodians to form political parties and to hold elections for a Consultative Assembly that would advise the monarch on drafting the country's constitution. The two major parties were both headed by royal princes. The
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Japanese calls of "Asia for the Asiatics" found a receptive audience among Cambodian nationalists, although Tokyo's policy in Indochina was to leave the colonial government nominally in charge. When a prominent, politically active Buddhist monk,
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led a demonstration demanding his release. They, as well as other nationalists, apparently overestimated the Japanese willingness to back them, for the Vichy authorities quickly arrested the demonstrators and gave Pach Choeun, one of the
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threatened the eastern portion of the country. After the French establishment of a colony in Cochinchina (present-day southern Vietnam) in 1862, King Norodom of Cambodia requested a French protectorate over his kingdom. At the time,
78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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In Phnom Penh, Sihanouk, acting as head of state, was placed in a delicate position of negotiating with the French for full independence while trying to neutralise party politicians and supporters of the Khmer Issarak and
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with the Japanese and was sent into exile in France to remain under house arrest. Some of his supporters went to north-western Cambodia, then still under Thai control, where they banded together as one faction in the
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Infrastructure and public works were also developed under French rule, and roads and railroads were constructed in Cambodian territory. Most notably, a railway connected Phnom Penh with Battambang on the Thai border.
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The first decades of French rule in Cambodia included numerous reforms into Cambodian politics, such as the reduction of the monarch's power and abolition of slavery. In 1884, the governor of Cochinchina,
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1165:. France was also to be in charge of Cambodia's foreign and trade relations as well as provide military protection. Siam later recognised the protectorate after France ceded the Cambodian province of
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allow him to return to his country. He made a triumphant entry into Phnom Penh on 29 October 1951. It was not long, however, before he began demanding withdrawal of French troops from Cambodia.
1569:. Four days later, King Sihanouk decreed an independent Kampuchea (the original Khmer pronunciation of Cambodia). Son Ngoc Thanh returned from Tokyo in May, and was appointed foreign minister.
1601:, were determined to recover Indochina, though they offered Cambodia and the other Indochinese protectorates a carefully circumscribed measure of self-government. Convinced that they had a "
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rule for almost three years, from June 1952 until February 1955. After dissolution of the assembly, he created an Advisory Council to supplant the legislature and appointed his father,
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celebrated on 9 November 1953. Control of residual matters affecting sovereignty, such as financial and budgetary affairs, passed to the new Cambodian state in 1954.
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peace with King Norodom and the French officials, but was taken captive by the French army and subsequently killed, officially putting an end to the rebellion.
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France later tightened its control over Cambodia while expanding the protectorate's territory in 1902 and 1904 through treaties with Siam, which added
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Both France and Siam agreed to do a territorial exchange based on the Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907. From this, the French gained the provinces of
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In education, there was also growing resentment among Cambodian students of the minority Vietnamese holding a more favoured status. In 1936,
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backed the return of French and Dutch rule in Asia and organised dispatches of Indian soldiers under British command for this purpose.
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In 1904, King Norodom died and rather than pass the throne on to Norodom's sons, the French passed the succession to Norodom's brother
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On 15 August 1945, the day Japan surrendered, a new government was established with Son Ngoc Thanh acting as prime minister. When an
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erupted and despite French resistance against the Japanese backed Thai forces, Japan compelled French authorities to cede
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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On 11 August 1863, Norodom signed a treaty acknowledging a French protectorate over his kingdom. Under the treaty, the
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Province. Siemreab, part of the autonomous military zone established in 1949, was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
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allowed French colonial officials to remain in their colonies under Japanese supervision. In December 1940, the
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The subject of European colonies in Asia was among those discussed during the war by the Allied leaders of the
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and had its protectorate status removed in 1949. Cambodia later gained independence. The day was celebrated as
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the French colonial administration on 9 March 1945, and urged Cambodia to declare its independence within the
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Many Democrats sympathised with the violent methods of the Khmer Issarak. The Liberal Party, led by Prince
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With a solid majority in the assembly, the Democrats drafted a constitution modelled on that of the
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editors, a life sentence. The other editor, Son Ngoc Thanh, escaped from Phnom Penh to Tokyo.
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in 1902. Cambodia, being a constituent protectorate of French Indochina, was governed by the
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continued to be largely involved in commerce but higher positions were given to the French.
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During the 19th century, the kingdom of Cambodia had been reduced to a vassal state of the
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still continued to pay high taxes and in 1916, protests broke out demanding for tax cuts.
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was allowed to remain, but power was largely vested in a resident general to be housed in
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1940:"Roosevelt and Stalin, The Failed Courtship" by Robert Nisbet, pub: Regnery Gateway, 1988
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created a sense of pride and awareness of Cambodia's once powerful status in the past.
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From Rice Fields to Killing Fields: Nature, Life, and Labor under the Khmer Rouge
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in 1940, Cambodia and the rest of French Indochina were ruled by the Axis-puppet
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requested the establishment of a French protectorate over his country, meanwhile
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over Cambodia and officially recognised the French protectorate on Cambodia.
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from French Laos. Later territorial disputes between France and Siam over
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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signed an accord recognizing each other's sphere of influence over
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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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union in 1887 along with the French colonies and protectorates in
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1860:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 29.
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force occupied Phnom Penh in October, Thanh was arrested for
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self-rule as well as French restoration of monuments such as
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Cambodia's situation at the end of the war was chaotic. The
2040:: Disputed Jurisdictions in the Protectorate of Cambodia".
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respectively. Prior to Cambodia's historical claim over
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1780:, tome 1, Pygmalion-Gérard Watelet, 1988, pages 146–147
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before it had been closed down by the French in 1942.
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659:
646:
636:
622:
609:
593:
581:
567:
551:
539:
525:
509:
497:
485:
473:
459:
421:
398:
377:
354:
327:
299:
240:
153:
134:
1928:, tome 1, Pygmalion-Gérard Watelet, 1988, page 164
1809:, tome 1, Pygmalion-Gérard Watelet, 1988, page 114
1314:to Cambodia and gave France full control over the
108:{{Translated|fr|Protectorat français du Cambodge}}
1761:, tome 1, Pygmalion-Gérard Watelet, 1988, page 92
1365:However, as French rule consolidated after the
1689:(CIA) by Sihanouk, he remained in exile until
1420:and Pach Choeun began publishing Nagaravatta (
96:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
49:expand this article with text translated from
4383:States and territories disestablished in 1953
3646:
3292:
3048:
2845:
2603:
2558:
2122:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1894:Le Cambodge: Témoignages d'hier à aujourd'hui
1794:Le Cambodge: Témoignages d'hier à aujourd'hui
1788:
1786:
8:
2360:French Permanent Military Tribunal in Saigon
1145:while growing influence from the Vietnamese
249:
159:
2241:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh (1777–1820)
1849:
1847:
1681:He reiterated this demand in early 1952 in
1338:led to the accidental French annexation of
231:
139:
4378:States and territories established in 1863
4082:
3993:
3895:
3807:
3653:
3639:
3631:
3484:
3449:
3438:
3326:
3315:
3299:
3285:
3277:
3055:
3041:
3033:
2852:
2838:
2830:
2610:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2565:
2551:
2543:
2129:
2115:
2107:
288:
131:
2220:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
2345:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
1496:
1441:
1125:
27:1863–1953 protectorate in Southeast Asia
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1747:
1020:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
970:
757:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1567:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4448:Former polities of the Indochina Wars
4358:Former countries in Cambodian history
2340:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
766:
762:
740:
727:
717:
707:
694:
681:
674:• Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907
671:
658:
645:
635:
631:
592:
580:
576:
566:
550:
538:
534:
524:
508:
496:
484:
472:
468:
458:
7:
2532:Governor-General of French Indochina
3015:French colonization of the Americas
1825:Traité du 23 mars 1907 avec le Siam
1041:ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក្រោមអាណាព្យាបាលបារាំង
4413:1945 disestablishments in Cambodia
4393:1953 disestablishments in Cambodia
4373:Former countries in Southeast Asia
1874:from the original on 14 March 2019
1189:greeting French officials in 1911.
25:
1618:, operating in the border areas.
1357:Economy during French colonialism
1086:Cambodia was integrated into the
4423:1945 disestablishments in France
4403:1953 disestablishments in France
4215:Courtship, marriage, and divorce
3792:
2295:Holy Man's Rebellion (1901-1936)
2000:
1796:, L'Harmattan, 2006, pages 97–98
1236:Charles Antoine François Thomson
1049:Protectorat français du Cambodge
1000:
940:
922:
889:
871:
294:Cambodia within French Indochina
264:
210:
194:
36:
4408:1945 establishments in Cambodia
4388:1863 establishments in Cambodia
4353:French protectorate of Cambodia
3712:French protectorate of Cambodia
3509:French domains of the Holy Land
2068:10.14321/frencolohist.16.1.0073
2060:10.14321/frencolohist.16.1.0073
2052:Michigan State University Press
1913:Pol Pot anatomie d'un cauchemar
1542:at the three summit meetings -
1438:Japanese occupation of Cambodia
1169:and recognised Thai control of
1033:French protectorate of Cambodia
3769:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
3764:People's Republic of Kampuchea
3504:French domains of Saint Helena
2621:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
2512:Paris Foreign Missions Society
2266:Cochinchina campaign (1858–62)
2011:Ross, Russell R., ed. (1987).
1400:Emergence of Khmer nationalism
155:Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa
106:You may also add the template
1:
4418:1945 establishments in France
4398:1863 establishments in France
2251:Bombardment of Tourane (1847)
1258:Administrative reorganisation
663:Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1904
3239:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
2466:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
2290:Franco-Siamese crisis (1893)
2246:Lê Văn Khôi revolt (1833–35)
1960:, Pub: Basic Books, 2010>
1896:, L'Harmattan, 2006, page 98
1718:near the ruins of Angkor in
1464:invasion of French Indochina
448:semi-constitutional monarchy
3479: and Antarctic Lands
2391:Treaty of Versailles (1787)
2335:French–Thai War (1940–1941)
2278:Sino-French War (1884–1885)
2271:Tonkin campaign (1883–1886)
2036:Low, Sally (Spring 2016). "
1687:Central Intelligence Agency
1197:until the capital moved to
1152:Pierre-Paul de La Grandière
1051:) refers to the Kingdom of
241:
154:
119:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
4469:
2522:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
2256:French conquest of Vietnam
2038:Les Tribunaux Résidentiels
1730:of Cambodia, Vietnam, and
1462:government and despite an
1435:
70:Machine translation, like
4428:Cambodia–France relations
4302:
4085:
3996:
3898:
3810:
3790:
3592:
3487:
3448:
3437:
3396:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3325:
3314:
3257:French East India Company
3247:
3032:
3020:French West India Company
3010:
2829:
2802:
2587:
2446:Pierre Pigneau de Behaine
2421:Treaty of Tientsin (1885)
2305:1916 Cochinchina uprising
2167:France–Thailand relations
2019:Federal Research Division
2014:Cambodia: A Country Study
1830:24 September 2015 at the
1701:Campaign for independence
1040:
966:
850:
777:
763:
754:
632:
605:
577:
563:
541:• 1863–1866 (first)
535:
521:
475:• 1863–1904 (first)
469:
317:Constituent territory of
287:
232:
226:
190:
176:
140:
51:the corresponding article
4438:20th century in Cambodia
4433:19th century in Cambodia
3815:Administrative divisions
3759:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
3535: the Indian Ocean
2486:Ernest Doudart de Lagrée
2426:Geneva Conference (1954)
2162:France–Vietnam relations
1854:Tyner, James A. (2017).
1589:Struggle for Khmer unity
1432:World War II in Cambodia
1262:In 1896, France and the
511:• 1941–1953 (last)
4363:Former colonies in Asia
3443:Uninhabited territories
2954:Saint Kitts & Nevis
2517:Tirailleurs indochinois
2451:Jean-Baptiste Chaigneau
2406:Treaty of Saigon (1874)
2396:Treaty of Saigon (1862)
2370:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
2261:Siege of Tourane (1858)
2043:French Colonial History
1926:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1915:, Denoël, 2007, page 47
1807:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1759:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1494:provinces to Thailand.
117:For more guidance, see
4368:Former French colonies
4049:Special Economic Zones
4044:Science and technology
3373: collectivities
3211:Sanjak of Alexandretta
3064:Former French colonies
2861:Former French colonies
2619:Former French colonies
2574:French overseas empire
2283:Pacification of Tonkin
2172:France–China relations
2157:French colonial empire
1954:Churchill's Secret war
1674:extended recognition.
1656:French Fourth Republic
1506:
1451:
1190:
1134:
1065:French colonial empire
1048:
1008:This article contains
250:
160:
3320:Inhabited territories
3252:France–Asia relations
2807:Somaliland (Djibouti)
2456:Jean-Baptiste Cécille
2152:France–Asia relations
2100:25 April 2018 at the
1836:Annales de géographie
1532:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1500:
1445:
1406:Cambodian nationalism
1367:Franco-Siamese crisis
1308:Preah Vihear Province
1277:Franco-Siamese crisis
1184:
1129:
1055:when it was a French
710:• Reestablished
638:• Establishment
355:Common languages
141:ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា
90:copyright attribution
4443:Former protectorates
3877:World Heritage Sites
3747:Democratic Kampuchea
3598:overseas departments
3533:Scattered Islands in
3414: collectivity
2872:French North America
2416:Treaty of Huế (1884)
2411:Treaty of Huế (1883)
2401:Treaty of Huế (1863)
2375:Partition of Vietnam
2315:Vue Pa Chay's revolt
2310:Thái Nguyên uprising
1958:Madhushree Mukherjee
1924:Philippe Franchini,
1805:Philippe Franchini,
1757:Philippe Franchini,
1320:Stung Treng Province
1177:French colonial rule
1122:Start of French rule
1118:on 9 November 1953.
986:as High Commissioner
918:Kingdom of Kampuchea
901:Kingdom of Kampuchea
883:Post-Angkor Cambodia
720:• Constitution
583:• 1945 (first)
4167:Social organization
3717:Japanese occupation
3567:Juan de Nova Island
3454:North Pacific Ocean
3066:in Asia and Oceania
2461:Charles de Montigny
2365:First Indochina War
2320:Bazin assassination
2095:Cambodian Genealogy
1823:Maurice Zimmerman,
1778:La France coloniale
1621:The group included
1404:Unlike in Vietnam,
1371:Battambang province
1336:Siem Reap Provinces
1229:Revolt of 1885–1887
936:Kingdom of Cambodia
691:Oct 1940 – Jan 1941
595:• 1953 (last)
553:• 1953 (last)
161:Royaume du Cambodge
136:Kingdom of Cambodia
4054:Telecommunications
3752:Cambodian genocide
3707:Post-Angkor period
3472:Overseas territory
2997:France Antarctique
2984:Equinoctial France
2947:Dominican Republic
1616:guerrilla movement
1603:civilizing mission
1507:
1452:
1446:The coronation of
1394:Chinese Cambodians
1312:Champasak Province
1203:Résident Supérieur
1191:
1159:Cambodian monarchy
1135:
385:Theravada Buddhism
256:"Majestic Kingdom"
251:Royaume majestueux
98:interlanguage link
4338:
4337:
4298:
4297:
4132:Human trafficking
4072:
4071:
4031:Natural resources
3983:
3982:
3970:Political parties
3913:Foreign relations
3885:
3884:
3774:State of Cambodia
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3523:Amsterdam Islands
3514:Kerguelen Islands
3462:Clipperton Island
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3401:Wallis and Futuna
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3169:Mandate for Syria
3159:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
3121:Indochinese Union
3028:
3027:
2825:
2824:
2738:Equatorial Africa
2540:
2539:
2350:August Revolution
1708:Norodom Suramarit
1649:Norodom Norindeth
1599:Charles de Gaulle
1548:Tehran Conference
1016:rendering support
996:
995:
977:as Representative
952:
951:
948:
947:
906:
905:
745:Geneva Conference
527:Resident-Superior
504:Sisowath Monivong
499:• 1927–1941
487:• 1904–1927
429:absolute monarchy
390:Roman Catholicism
280:
130:
129:
63:
59:
18:Colonial Cambodia
16:(Redirected from
4460:
4318:
4311:
4083:
4039:
4021:Economic history
3994:
3896:
3808:
3796:
3732:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3553:Glorioso Islands
3534:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3450:
3439:
3413:
3386:Saint Barthélemy
3381:French Polynesia
3372:
3332:
3327:
3316:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3278:
3086:Coromandel Coast
3057:
3050:
3043:
3034:
2915:French Caribbean
2895:Terre Neuve
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2589:
2585:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2544:
2527:Tonkinese Rifles
2225:State of Vietnam
2138:French Indochina
2131:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2079:
2023:
2022:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1961:
1950:
1941:
1938:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1851:
1842:
1821:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1774:Pierre Montagnon
1771:
1762:
1755:
1693:established the
1638:Democratic Party
1597:, under General
1552:Yalta Conference
1544:Cairo Conference
1448:Norodom Sihanouk
1301:Prince Yukanthor
1116:Independence Day
1088:French Indochina
1061:French Indochina
1042:
1022: instead of
1004:
1003:
987:
984:
978:
975:
944:
943:
926:
925:
910:
909:
893:
892:
875:
874:
868:
867:
852:
851:
819:
668:13 February 1904
650:French Indochina
618:
588:Norodom Sihanouk
546:Ernest de Lagrée
516:Norodom Sihanouk
347:
339:
319:French Indochina
314:
292:
282:
281:
253:
246:
235:
234:
214:
198:
171:
163:
157:
151:
143:
142:
132:
109:
103:
76:Google Translate
61:
57:
40:
39:
32:
21:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4294:
4280:Public holidays
4181:
4157:Sex trafficking
4068:
4037:
3979:
3945:Law enforcement
3881:
3862:Protected areas
3797:
3788:
3784:Modern Cambodia
3730:
3668:
3659:
3629:
3620:
3602:Claimed by the
3576:
3572:Tromelin Island
3543:Bassas da India
3527:
3477:French Southern
3466:
3444:
3425:
3405:
3365:
3333: regions
3321:
3310:
3308:Overseas France
3305:
3261:
3243:
3215:
3201:Greater Lebanon
3171:and the Lebanon
3170:
3163:
3115:
3067:
3061:
3024:
3006:
2978:
2909:
2866:
2864:in the Americas
2858:
2821:
2798:
2770:
2732:
2650:
2622:
2616:
2576:
2571:
2541:
2536:
2500:
2481:Francis Garnier
2439:
2437:
2430:
2379:
2229:
2182:
2176:
2140:
2135:
2102:Wayback Machine
2086:
2035:
2032:
2030:Further reading
2027:
2026:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1964:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1907:
1900:
1892:Claude Gilles,
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1868:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1832:Wayback Machine
1822:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1792:Claude Gilles,
1791:
1784:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1703:
1591:
1503:Empire of Japan
1472:French-Thai War
1440:
1434:
1402:
1359:
1260:
1231:
1179:
1139:Kingdom of Siam
1124:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1014:Without proper
1005:
1001:
992:
991:
990:
985:
981:
976:
972:
941:
935:
923:
917:
900:
890:
882:
872:
814:
806:
770:
747:
737:9 November 1953
734:
721:
714:16 October 1945
711:
701:
688:
686:Franco-Thai War
675:
665:
655:17 October 1887
652:
639:
627:New Imperialism
616:
596:
584:
558:Jean Risterucci
554:
542:
512:
500:
488:
476:
454:
437:
435:
417:
394:
373:
350:
345:
337:
323:
306:
295:
283:
265:
262:
236:
222:
221:
220:
215:
207:
206:
204:
199:
186:
172:
165:
158:
152:
145:
137:
126:
125:
124:
107:
101:
64:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4345:
4344:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4064:Transportation
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3975:Prime Minister
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Climate change
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3744:
3739:
3737:Khmer Republic
3734:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3596:Also known as
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:Banc du Geyser
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:Crozet Islands
3496:
3488:
3482:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3206:Jabal al-Druze
3203:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3179:State of Syria
3175:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3008:
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2084:External links
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1456:Fall of France
1436:Main article:
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1418:Son Ngoc Thanh
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1390:British Malaya
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1264:British Empire
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2007:public domain
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957:Today part of
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704:13 March 1945
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678:23 March 1907
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445:parliamentary
443:
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433:French empire
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60:
54:
52:
47:You can help
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4340:
4195:Architecture
4162:Social class
4142:Prostitution
4095:Demographics
4011:Child labour
3923:Human rights
3722:Puppet state
3711:
3702:Khmer Empire
3557:
3491:
3391:Saint Martin
3227:New Hebrides
3128:
3081:Chandernagor
3073:French India
2905:French Texas
2761:Ubangi-Shari
2756:Middle Congo
2723:James Island
2628:North Africa
2330:World War II
2215:Guangzhouwan
2204:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2013:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1909:Philip Short
1893:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1856:
1839:
1806:
1801:
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1777:
1758:
1736:
1728:
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1682:
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1620:
1607:
1592:
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1556:
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1520:
1515:
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1492:Preah Vihear
1460:Vichy France
1453:
1421:
1415:
1403:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1364:
1360:
1344:
1316:Bassac River
1305:
1294:
1285:King Norodom
1282:
1261:
1244:
1232:
1202:
1192:
1156:
1136:
1131:King Norodom
1112:French Union
1085:
1079:) renounced
1057:protectorate
1032:
1030:
1024:Khmer script
1007:
982:
973:
932:
914:
897:
879:
861:Succeeded by
860:
855:
832:dd/mm/yyyy (
769:• 1931
750:21 July 1954
732:Independence
699:Independence
452:French Union
335:Oudong/Udong
308:Protectorate
227:
94:edit summary
85:
56:
48:
29:
4453:Axis powers
4260:Mat weaving
4255:Manuscripts
4001:Agriculture
3692:Nokor Phnom
3614:Claimed by
3608:Claimed by
3493:Adélie Land
3411:Sui generis
3142:Cochinchina
2959:Saint Lucia
2713:Upper Volta
2656:West Africa
2300:World War I
2190:Cochinchina
2183:territories
2181:Constituent
1672:South Korea
1642:Nagaravatta
1630:Khmer Serei
1595:Free French
1521:Nagaravatta
1516:Nagaravatta
1486:(excluding
1328:Stung Treng
1100:Cochinchina
856:Preceded by
829:Date format
803:(1885–1953)
797:(1875–1885)
791:(1863–1875)
617:(1947–1953)
610:Legislature
455:(1947–1953)
450:within the
436:(1863–1947)
431:within the
346:(1866–1953)
338:(1863–1866)
259:(1941–1953)
243:Nôkôr Réach
205:(1863–1948)
4347:Categories
4250:Literature
4038:(currency)
3965:Parliament
3918:Government
3840:Ecoregions
3610:Madagascar
3519:Saint Paul
3351:Martinique
3346:Guadeloupe
3101:Pondichéry
2812:Madagascar
2684:Mauritania
2145:Background
2054:: 73–102.
1878:23 January
1742:References
1683:Khmer Krok
1623:indigenous
1585:movement.
1490:town) and
1476:Battambang
1454:After the
1422:Notre cité
1411:Angkor Wat
1347:Battambang
1332:Battambang
1290:Vietnamese
1272:Battambang
1240:figurehead
1223:Phnom Penh
1207:Battambang
1167:Battambang
1163:Phnom Penh
1081:suzerainty
759:Population
724:6 May 1947
614:Parliament
600:Penn Nouth
422:Government
400:Demonym(s)
364:(official)
343:Phnom Penh
218:Royal arms
4240:Jewellery
4235:Epigraphy
4172:Squatting
4137:Languages
4100:Education
3935:Judiciary
3908:Elections
3855:Tonlé Sap
3803:Geography
3742:Civil War
3731:(1953–70)
3616:Mauritius
3475: (
2885:Louisiana
2766:Cameroons
2076:151758906
1840:Persée.fr
1697:in 1970.
1611:Viet Minh
1563:dissolved
1540:Churchill
1528:Big Three
1512:Hem Chieu
1488:Siem Reap
1484:Siem Reap
1351:Siem Reap
1342:in 1904.
1324:Champasak
1268:Indochina
1245:In 1885,
1219:Siem Reap
842:Drives on
811:Time zone
773:2,803,000
408:Cambodian
378:Religion
183:1945–1953
180:1863–1945
112:talk page
53:in French
4325:Category
4245:Keyboard
4210:Clothing
4147:Religion
4120:HIV/AIDS
4110:Gambling
3955:Monarchy
3950:Military
3891:Politics
3872:Wildlife
3682:Timeline
3666:articles
3662:Cambodia
3371:Overseas
3331:Overseas
3189:Damascus
3138:Vietnam
3129:Cambodia
3106:Karaikal
2923:Dominica
2718:Togoland
2384:Treaties
2205:Cambodia
2098:Archived
1872:Archived
1828:Archived
1720:Siemreab
1626:leftists
1480:Sisophon
1373:(West).
1297:Sisowath
1247:Si Votha
1187:Sisowath
1077:Thailand
1075:(modern
1053:Cambodia
961:Cambodia
782:Currency
492:Sisowath
439:Elective
426:Elective
370:(common)
88:provide
4309:Outline
4290:Theatre
4220:Cuisine
4187:Culture
4127:Hunting
4078:Society
4059:Tourism
4006:Banking
3989:Economy
3903:Cabinet
3845:Islands
3820:Borders
3674:History
3604:Comoros
3361:Réunion
3356:Mayotte
3274:Present
3232:Vanuatu
3220:Oceania
2992:Berbice
2928:Grenada
2784:Anjouan
2776:Comoros
2728:Albreda
2701:Senegal
2669:Dahomey
2646:Tunisia
2641:Morocco
2636:Algeria
1724:Lon Nol
1691:Lon Nol
1505:in 1942
1450:in 1941
1096:Vietnam
1069:Norodom
1059:within
801:Piastre
743:•
730:•
697:•
684:•
661:•
648:•
480:Norodom
461:Monarch
328:Capital
228:Anthem:
110:to the
92:in the
55:.
4330:Portal
4205:Cinema
4115:Health
4026:Mining
4016:Energy
3867:Rivers
3825:Cities
3697:Chenla
3664:
3184:Aleppo
3152:Tonkin
3111:Yanaon
3091:Madras
2969:Tobago
2890:Canada
2880:Acadia
2794:Mohéli
2679:Guinea
2581:Former
2436:French
2234:Events
2195:Tonkin
2074:
2066:
2009:.
1956:", by
1864:
1574:Allied
1538:, and
1536:Stalin
1251:Kampot
1217:, and
1215:Oudong
1211:Pursat
1195:Saigon
1171:Angkor
1143:Angkor
1108:Tonkin
1106:, and
1045:French
818:+07:00
573:
531:
465:
362:French
312:France
300:Status
233:នគររាជ
230:
168:French
164:
144:
4316:Index
4285:Sport
4270:Music
4265:Media
4230:Dance
4177:Youth
4152:Women
4090:Crime
4036:Riel
3960:Motto
3850:Lakes
3779:UNTAC
3147:Annam
3002:Inini
2943:Haïti
2751:Gabon
2696:Niger
2674:Sudan
2200:Annam
2072:S2CID
2064:JSTOR
1468:Japan
1199:Hanoi
1185:King
1104:Annam
1037:Khmer
1012:text.
1010:Khmer
933:1953:
915:1945:
898:1945:
880:1863:
846:right
795:Franc
789:Tical
413:Khmer
368:Khmer
148:Khmer
72:DeepL
3928:LGBT
3521:and
3134:Laos
3096:Mahé
2746:Chad
2210:Laos
1880:2019
1862:ISBN
1732:Laos
1550:and
1501:The
1388:and
1349:and
1334:and
1310:and
1094:and
1092:Laos
1073:Siam
1031:The
202:Flag
86:must
84:You
4200:Art
3940:Law
2056:doi
822:ICT
816:UTC
310:of
74:or
4349::
2945:,
2070:.
2062:.
2050:.
2048:16
2046:.
2017:.
1965:^
1945:^
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1911:,
1901:^
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1221:.
1213:,
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834:CE
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2058::
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1882:.
1098:(
1035:(
1026:.
836:)
824:)
820:(
170:)
166:(
150:)
146:(
121:.
114:.
20:)
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