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650:
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party, which generally requires 30% support from delegates to the relevant nominating body of the political party. It is also possible for individuals who have been registered to vote and affiliated with the political party in question for at least a year to gain access to a partisan primary ballot by petition. Minor party candidates can gain access to the general election ballot through a minor party caucus process. Unaffiliated candidates can gain access to the general election ballot by petition.
363:
695:
many appropriations. The House and the Senate alternate the job of introducing the long bill and making a first committee review of it. Colorado's state legislature is required to obtain voter approval in order to incur significant debt, to raise taxes, or to increase state constitutional spending limitations. It is also required to comply with a state constitutional spending mandate for K-12 education. The
Governor has line item veto power over appropriations.
253:
209:
770:
40:
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646:
year, subject to certain exceptions for non-binding resolutions, uniform acts, interim committee bills and appropriations bills. Most members of the
General Assembly decide which bills they will introduce during the legislative session (or most of them) prior to its commencement, limiting the ability of members to introduce new bills at constituent request once the legislative session has begun.
657:
Most bills adopted by the
General Assembly include a "safety clause" (i.e. a legislative declaration that the bill concerns an urgent matter) and take effect on July 1 following the legislative session unless otherwise provided. Some bills are enacted without a "safety clause" which makes it possible
694:
A state budget, called the "Long Bill" is prepared each year by the Joint Budget
Committee of the General Assembly. Unlike many legislative initiatives, the Long Bill is neither an acronym nor named after an individual with significant influence. The Long Bill is simply a lengthy bill that contains
669:
requiring a supermajority for approval of any matter. The lieutenant governor does not have the power to preside or break tie votes in either house of the
General Assembly. All new executive branch rules are reviewed annually by the legislature and the legislature routinely invalidates some of them
645:
Joint procedural rules of the two chambers require most legislation to be introduced very early in the legislative session each year, and to meet strict deadlines for completion of each step of the legislative process. Joint procedural rules also limit each legislator to introducing five bills per
596:
Vacancies in legislative offices are generally filled by political party vacancy committees, rather than special elections. Vacancy appointees who fill the first half of a state senators term must stand for election at the next even year
November election for the remainder of the state senate term
592:
The vast majority of members of the
General Assembly who are ultimately elected (in excess of 90% of members ultimately elected in all recent sessions) are nominated through a major political party caucus process that places candidates on a primary ballot for the position sought in their political
573:
are held on the first
Tuesday after the first Monday in November in each even-numbered year. The entire House is elected in each general election. Senators are elected in two classes such that, as nearly as possible, one-half of the senators are elected in each general election.
641:
or upon written request of two-thirds of the members of each house, but are infrequent. Some committees of the
General Assembly work between sessions and have limited power to take action without General Assembly approval between legislative sessions.
944:
885:
541:
branches of government. Article V vests the legislative power of the state in the
General Assembly, while reserving to the people the power to propose, approve, and reject both laws and amendments to the state Constitution by
690:
All bills introduced in the General Assembly are evaluated by the non-partisan state legislative services body for their fiscal impact and must be provided for in appropriations legislation if there is a fiscal impact.
941:
882:
506:
The first meeting of the Colorado General Assembly took place from November 1, 1876, through March 20, 1877. Succeeding sessions met every two years until 1950, when it began to meet annually.
492:
Colorado's legislature is similar to those of other states, except that, unlike many states, Colorado does not give its lieutenant governor any legislative authority (e.g. tie-breaking vote).
2054:
637:
Regular sessions are held annually and begin no later than the second Wednesday in January. Regular sessions last no more than 120 days. Special sessions may be called at any time by the
2378:
581:
to four consecutive terms in office, and state senators are limited to two consecutive terms. However, term-limited former members of both houses can run again after a four-year break.
709:
The Colorado General Assembly is staffed by approximately 230-year-round staff and 115 session-only staff. Staffing levels and expenditures have decreased since 2003. Similarly to
1014:
817:
1124:
687:
The governor submits a proposed budget to the Joint Budget Committee each year in advance of the year's legislative session. Colorado's fiscal year is from July 1 to June 30.
658:
to petition to subject those bills to a referendum before they take effect, and have an effective date in August following the legislative session unless otherwise provided.
741:
There are 65 House Members and 35 Senate Members making up the 100 seats in Colorado General Assembly. Based on the 2010 census, each House member represents about 77,372
2253:
2015:
2011:
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1040:
347:
319:
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755:. Also, the Democrats kept their majority in the 2022 elections for the Colorado State Senate. The current Senate makeup is 23 Democrats and 12 Republicans.
566:. The House has 65 members and the Senate 35. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms, and members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms.
2408:
748:
The 2018 Colorado elections resulted in Democrats extending their control in the House (41 Democrats; 24 Republicans) and capturing the Senate majority.
2508:
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The General Assembly does not have a role in the appointment or retention of state judges, although it must authorize the creation of each judgeship.
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1972:
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Many state agencies and programs are subject to "sunset review" and are automatically abolished if the General Assembly does not reauthorize them.
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The lieutenant governor served as Senate President until 1974 when Article V, Section 10 of the state constitution was amended, granting the
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733:. With the exception of those working in communications and leadership, employees of the General Assembly are non-partisan staffers.
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2019:
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The 74th session will mark the first time in state history that women will hold the majority of seats in the General Assembly.
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Currently, the Colorado General Assembly is controlled by the Democratic Party. Democrats also hold the governor's office.
1860:
1776:
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1716:
1405:
751:
All 65 Colorado House seats were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Democratic majority increased to 46-19, keeping a
730:
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333:
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being elected to the State Senate in 1912 (the second state upper house in the country to welcome women as members).
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3000:
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The state auditor is appointed by the General Assembly, as are many members of independent boards and commissions.
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630:
With the notable exceptions listed below, the Colorado General Assembly operates in a manner quite similar to the
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101:
997:"Two Colorado lawmakers want to simplify the legislature's ability to wield its rarely used subpoena power"
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1996:
1936:
1800:
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1401:
1081:"For the first time in state history, women will hold the majority of seats in the Colorado legislature"
965:
https://www2.leg.state.co.us/CLICS/cslFrontPages.nsf/FileAttachVw/2022Rules/$ File/2022CombinedRules.pdf
606:
The Colorado General Assembly was the first state legislature to welcome women as elected members, with
522:
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526:
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2383:
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2004:
1988:
1952:
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1177:
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1944:
1832:
1537:
615:
208:
883:
Presidents and Speakers of the Colorado General Assembly: A Biographical Portrait from 1876
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807:
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563:
458:
152:
69:
3323:
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1960:
1880:
1585:
1393:
1313:
1217:
1185:
857:
3431:
1608:
1425:
1345:
752:
108:
1102:
914:
3353:
1848:
1473:
1361:
480:
451:
173:
673:
The General Assembly does have subpoena power, However this power is rarely used.
1720:
1409:
534:
454:
39:
2296:
951:, Office of Legislative Legal Services, October 2001 (accessed April 29, 2013)
765:
662:
578:
423:
410:
555:
538:
57:
2574:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2300:
1067:"Democrats recapture Colorado Senate, now hold complete power at Capital"
570:
510:
447:
466:
3065:
2707:
2310:
374:
2265:
618:
all being elected to the State House of Representatives in 1894 and
648:
583:
713:, legislative staff in Colorado fall into five broad categories:
2269:
1106:
892:, Colorado.gov, 2013 Revised Edition. (accessed April 29, 2013)
513:
Senate the right to elect one of its own members as President.
961:
Colorado Legislative Rules : Research Publication No. 774
1096:
386:
597:
for the seat to which the state senator was appointed.
661:
Colorado's legislature does not have an analog to the
16:
Legislative branch of the state government of Colorado
834:
832:
818:
United States congressional delegations from Colorado
465:
that was created by the 1876 state constitution. Its
3309:
2976:
2588:
2517:
2319:
2053:
1971:
1167:
1140:
392:
380:
355:
341:
327:
313:
299:
294:
259:
215:
192:
187:
166:
143:
122:
99:
94:
84:
79:
65:
51:
46:
23:
1099:Includes links to state Constitution and statutes.
841:"Conducting Colorado Legislative History Research"
902:Article V, Section 1 of the Colorado Constitution
525:establishes a system of government based on the
2281:
1118:
937:
935:
8:
2288:
2274:
2266:
1125:
1111:
1103:
1097:Official Colorado General Assembly Website
361:
38:
20:
261:House of Representatives political groups
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
828:
1151:United States House of Representatives
1041:"NCSL Legislative Staff Type Database"
1015:"NCSL Size of State Legislative Staff"
529:doctrine with power divided among the
343:Next House of Representatives election
315:Last House of Representatives election
2254:Lists of past U.S. state legislatures
7:
963:, 2022, pp. 117–117. Retrieved from
995:Wenzler, Elliott (March 17, 2023).
839:Hamilton, Andrea L. (August 2008).
798:List of Colorado state legislatures
727:communications and leadership staff
502:List of Colorado state legislatures
14:
3389:South Central Colorado Urban Area
3369:North Central Colorado Urban Area
1134:Legislatures of the United States
813:Colorado House of Representatives
560:Colorado House of Representatives
3411:
782:
768:
251:
207:
3443:1876 establishments in Colorado
942:How a Bill Becomes Colorado Law
2247:List of U.S. state legislators
32:74th Colorado General Assembly
1:
978:"Joint Rules | 33. Subpoenas"
705:Legislative staff in Colorado
856:(8): 113–115. Archived from
915:"Colorado General Assembly"
3469:
3359:Front Range Urban Corridor
745:and each Senator 143,691.
702:
544:initiatives or referendums
499:
3438:Colorado General Assembly
3407:
2307:
2241:
947:October 10, 2015, at the
904:(accessed April 29, 2013)
888:January 15, 2015, at the
517:Constitutional definition
476:Colorado Revised Statutes
440:Colorado General Assembly
397:
387:Colorado General Assembly
385:
369:
360:
250:
206:
37:
30:
25:Colorado General Assembly
3394:Southern Rocky Mountains
3349:Denver Metropolitan Area
2012:Northern Mariana Islands
683:The state budget process
588:House of Representatives
554:The General Assembly is
486:Session Laws of Colorado
463:House of Representatives
399:Constitution of Colorado
138:since September 8, 2023
117:since February 23, 2022
74:House of Representatives
217:Senate political groups
102:President of the Senate
3453:Bicameral legislatures
3448:Government of Colorado
3384:South-Central Colorado
3344:Colorado Western Slope
1142:United States Congress
803:Government of Colorado
711:Congressional staffers
654:
632:United States Congress
589:
371:Colorado State Capitol
182:since January 9, 2023
161:since January 9, 2023
124:Senate Majority Leader
3374:Northwestern Colorado
3329:Colorado Mineral Belt
2055:Legislative elections
652:
587:
523:Colorado Constitution
483:are published in the
168:House Majority Leader
2668:Cherry Hills Village
1982:District of Columbia
1158:United States Senate
1083:. November 19, 2022.
776:United States portal
719:administrative staff
667:United States Senate
626:Procedure and powers
569:General legislative
527:separation of powers
424:39.7392°N 104.9848°W
329:Next Senate election
301:Last Senate election
146:Speaker of the House
3418:Colorado portal
3354:Four Corners Region
2489:Tourist attractions
2394:Indian reservations
2044:U.S. Virgin Islands
863:on October 4, 2013.
849:The Colorado Lawyer
731:legal service staff
420: /
86:New session started
3399:Southwest Colorado
1973:Other legislatures
1169:State legislatures
655:
590:
577:House members are
558:, composed of the
457:consisting of the
429:39.7392; -104.9848
202:65 Representatives
3425:
3424:
3334:Colorado Piedmont
2918:Steamboat Springs
2793:Greenwood Village
2474:Statistical areas
2444:Prehistoric sites
2263:
2262:
699:Legislative staff
608:Clara Cressingham
448:State of Colorado
444:state legislature
404:
403:
3460:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3339:Colorado Plateau
3319:Central Colorado
2773:Glenwood Springs
2673:Colorado Springs
2429:National Forests
2290:
2283:
2276:
2267:
2256:
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2087:
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2066:
2046:
2039:
2023:
2007:
2000:
1984:
1964:
1948:
1932:
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1900:
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1120:
1113:
1104:
1085:
1084:
1077:
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1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:. Archived from
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1017:. Archived from
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:The Colorado Sun
992:
986:
985:
974:
968:
958:
952:
939:
930:
929:
927:
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792:
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773:
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616:Frances S. Klock
435:
434:
432:
431:
430:
425:
421:
418:
417:
416:
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365:
348:November 5, 2024
334:November 5, 2024
320:November 8, 2022
306:November 8, 2022
282:
270:
255:
238:
226:
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130:Robert Rodriguez
42:
21:
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3459:
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3379:San Luis Valley
3305:
2972:
2868:Manitou Springs
2733:Federal Heights
2584:
2513:
2454:Protected areas
2379:Historic places
2315:
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2097:
2090:
2083:
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2062:
2049:
2042:
2026:
2010:
2003:
1987:
1980:
1967:
1951:
1935:
1919:
1903:
1887:
1871:
1855:
1839:
1823:
1807:
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1432:
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1400:
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1136:
1131:
1093:
1088:
1079:
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1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1047:on June 8, 2013
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1021:on June 8, 2012
1013:
1012:
1008:
994:
993:
989:
982:leg.state.co.us
976:
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971:
959:
955:
949:Wayback Machine
940:
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912:
908:
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890:Wayback Machine
881:
868:
860:
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837:
830:
826:
808:Colorado Senate
790:Colorado portal
788:
783:
781:
774:
769:
767:
764:
739:
723:committee staff
707:
701:
685:
628:
612:Carrie C. Holly
564:Colorado Senate
552:
519:
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153:Julie McCluskie
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90:January 9, 2023
87:
72:
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5:
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2560:Homelessness
2540:Demographics
2509:Wildernesses
2439:Paleontology
2329:Bibliography
2309:
1809:South Dakota
1777:Rhode Island
1761:Pennsylvania
1697:North Dakota
1257:
1075:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:the original
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:the original
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924:February 11,
922:. Retrieved
918:
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858:the original
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174:Monica Duran
31:
18:
3364:High Plains
3036:Clear Creek
2953:Wheat Ridge
2948:Westminster
2873:Monte Vista
2753:Fort Morgan
2748:Fort Lupton
2565:LGBT rights
2028:Puerto Rico
1546:Mississippi
1274:Connecticut
1051:November 8,
1025:November 8,
919:Ballotpedia
670:each year.
550:Composition
535:legislative
455:legislature
427: /
415:104°59′05″W
200:35 Senators
3432:Categories
3291:Washington
3271:San Miguel
3251:Rio Grande
3246:Rio Blanco
3166:Las Animas
3146:Kit Carson
3021:Broomfield
2943:Walsenburg
2903:Rocky Ford
2883:Northglenn
2858:Louisville
2833:Las Animas
2658:Centennial
2648:Cañon City
2643:Burlington
2633:Broomfield
2618:Black Hawk
2449:Prehistory
2374:Government
2354:Coloradans
1905:Washington
1649:New Mexico
1633:New Jersey
1242:California
824:References
663:filibuster
500:See also:
450:. It is a
412:39°44′21″N
351:(65 seats)
337:(17 seats)
323:(65 seats)
309:(18 seats)
285:Republican
273:Democratic
241:Republican
229:Democratic
95:Leadership
3196:Montezuma
3136:Jefferson
3001:Archuleta
2848:Lone Tree
2843:Littleton
2838:Leadville
2818:Lafayette
2723:Englewood
2718:Edgewater
2550:Education
2459:Railroads
2414:Mountains
2369:Geography
2359:Elections
2314:(capital)
1937:Wisconsin
1825:Tennessee
1530:Minnesota
1450:Louisiana
571:elections
556:bicameral
531:executive
452:bicameral
295:Elections
188:Structure
58:Bicameral
3276:Sedgwick
3266:San Juan
3261:Saguache
3226:Phillips
3201:Montrose
3151:La Plata
3126:Huerfano
3121:Hinsdale
3116:Gunnison
3101:Garfield
3046:Costilla
3031:Cheyenne
2996:Arapahoe
2978:Counties
2933:Trinidad
2928:Thornton
2923:Sterling
2913:Sheridan
2878:Montrose
2863:Loveland
2853:Longmont
2823:Lakewood
2813:La Junta
2798:Gunnison
2768:Glendale
2758:Fountain
2738:Florence
2628:Brighton
2575:Religion
2570:Politics
2555:Gun laws
2525:Abortion
2484:Timeline
2409:Military
2349:Colleges
2301:Colorado
1889:Virginia
1729:Oklahoma
1665:New York
1594:Nebraska
1562:Missouri
1514:Michigan
1482:Maryland
1434:Kentucky
1370:Illinois
1290:Delaware
1258:Colorado
1226:Arkansas
945:Archived
886:Archived
762:See also
639:governor
562:and the
539:judicial
511:Colorado
471:codified
467:statutes
3311:Regions
3236:Prowers
3186:Mineral
3171:Lincoln
3161:Larimer
3131:Jackson
3096:Fremont
3086:El Paso
3076:Douglas
3071:Dolores
3051:Crowley
3041:Conejos
3026:Chaffee
3016:Boulder
2991:Alamosa
2803:Holyoke
2788:Greeley
2713:Durango
2623:Boulder
2598:Alamosa
2545:Economy
2535:Culture
2518:Society
2479:Symbols
2469:Slavery
2424:Museums
2384:History
2339:Outline
1953:Wyoming
1873:Vermont
1578:Montana
1386:Indiana
1322:Georgia
1306:Florida
1210:Arizona
1178:Alabama
665:in the
579:limited
496:History
473:in the
446:of the
442:is the
381:Website
80:History
3286:Teller
3281:Summit
3241:Pueblo
3231:Pitkin
3206:Morgan
3191:Moffat
3106:Gilpin
3091:Elbert
3066:Denver
3056:Custer
2938:Victor
2908:Salida
2893:Pueblo
2778:Golden
2763:Fruita
2708:Denver
2698:Dacono
2683:Cortez
2613:Aurora
2603:Arvada
2590:Cities
2580:Sports
2499:Trails
2464:Rivers
2389:Images
2321:Topics
2311:Denver
1745:Oregon
1601:Nevada
1418:Kansas
1338:Hawaii
1194:Alaska
729:, and
459:Senate
375:Denver
283:
281:
271:
269:
239:
237:
227:
225:
176: (
155: (
132: (
111: (
70:Senate
66:Houses
3256:Routt
3216:Ouray
3211:Otero
3176:Logan
3141:Kiowa
3111:Grand
3081:Eagle
3061:Delta
2986:Adams
2898:Rifle
2888:Ouray
2828:Lamar
2728:Evans
2703:Delta
2688:Craig
2638:Brush
2608:Aspen
2530:Crime
2494:Towns
2404:Lists
2334:Index
2297:State
1841:Texas
1466:Maine
1354:Idaho
861:(PDF)
844:(PDF)
193:Seats
3301:Yuma
3296:Weld
3221:Park
3181:Mesa
3156:Lake
3011:Bent
3006:Baca
2968:Yuma
2963:Wray
2232:2024
2225:2023
2218:2022
2211:2021
2204:2020
2197:2019
2190:2018
2183:2017
2176:2016
2169:2015
2162:2014
2155:2013
2148:2012
2141:2011
2134:2010
2127:2009
2120:2008
2113:2007
2106:2006
2099:2005
2092:2004
2085:2003
2078:2002
2071:2001
2064:2000
2005:Guam
1857:Utah
1713:Ohio
1402:Iowa
1053:2012
1027:2012
926:2023
614:and
537:and
521:The
469:are
461:and
438:The
287:(19)
275:(46)
243:(12)
231:(23)
52:Type
47:Type
2399:Law
2299:of
197:100
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1995:,
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1997:S
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